2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列
13阅读理解（学生版）
易错点睛：
在做阅读理解的过程中，同学们由于受到各种情况的影响，常会出现这样或那样的错误，导致失分。通过分析发现，失分点主要有：
易错点1、只见树木．不见森林，误把细节当主题
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
75. What might be the best title for the text
A. How to Save Rainforests
B. How to Protect Nature
C. Rainforests and the Environment
D. Rainforests and Medical Development
易错点2主观臆断，忽视逻辑
I love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.
42. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops
A. The operating costs are very low.
B. The staff are usually well paid.
C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.
D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.
易错点3、没有根据文章中的有效信息进行合理推断
It was the first mow of winter -- an exciting day for every, child but not for most tether. Up until now, l had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today I would need some help. Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton, Ontario, had been through first snow days ,tony times in her long career, but I think struggled still remember this one.
I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I straggled with my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm, motherly voice she said, "By the end of winter, you will be able to put on own boots. “ I didn’t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.
I looked into her eyes and said．“I didn’t want to lose them．so I put them into the toes of my boots．”
61．What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on
A．The gloves in the toes of the boots． B．The slowness of the teacher．
C．The wrong size of the boots． D．The unwillingness of the girl．
易错点4、不能根据前后文的语境猜测词义
I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, “Let me wait, will you Who do you think you are ”
After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight, I noticed that something in my mood（情绪）had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.
59. What does the underlined word “antics” refer to
A. Smart words.
B. Unusual actions.
C. Surprising looks.
D. Anxious feelings.
跟踪练习
（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）
A
Nowadays a growing number of grass roots entertainers are stepping into the public eye. Although a sudden success provides quick fame, experts say not all the rising stars will have a promising future.
The grass roots band Xu Ri Yang Gang, meaning the rising sun in Chinese, suddenly became popular after uploading a video of them singing “In the Spring”. Actually, they have never stopped struggling to realize their dreams. After that they were frequently invited to big media events in China, like the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.
As for Chinese grass roots stars, experts say besides big dreams, they need more original compositions to achieve big results.
56．What would be the best title for the text
A．Rising grass roots stars
B．Comparison of grass roots stars
C．Ways of grass roots getting famous
D．Differences between grass roots stars’ lives
57．From the text we know that Xu Ri Yang Gang got popular through ______.
A．CCTV B．newspapers
C．contests D．the Internet
58．The underlined words “a hit” in Paragraph 5 most probably means. “______”
A．a strike B．a success
C．an achievement D．an influence
59．It can be inferred from the text that ______.
A．grass roots stars can’t have a promising future at all
B．most of grass roots stars have got professional skills
C．grass roots stars need to focus more on their original works
D．talent show is the only way for grass roots stars to become popular
（2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）
B
·Item 77918 The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater
$ 249.95; Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away. It connects to a video iPod, iPhone or portable DVD player, with two AA batteries providing up to six hours of continuous operation and an iPod cable.
·Item 77281 The Digital Photo Album Watch
$ 99.95; Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the watch that vividly displays 120 of your favorite digital photographs. You can download digital photographs to the watch. The watch can be viewed in the photo album mode or digital mode （time and date view）. A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use.
60．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To compare some creative inventions.
B．To advertise some goods.
C．To teach how to operate the items.
D．To show how fashionable the items are.
（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）
C
More than half of rich Americans have not shown their full wealth to their children, a new survey showed last Tuesday.
The survey, published by the Bank of America, studied the rich with $ 3 million or more in assets. It found that “surprisingly few of those surveyed have well-developed plans to preserve and pass on their assets to their children”.
The majority of the 457 people surveyed are self-made, first-generation rich. Fifty-two percent of parents have chosen not to tell their children just how wealthy they are, and 15 percent have given away nothing about the family wealth. One in three parents said they had never thought to do it.
They are worried that their children would become lazy, spend money freely, make bad decisions and even become a target for gold diggers.
Only 34 percent strongly agreed that their children would be able to handle any inheritance（遗产）they plan to leave them.
57．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．rich parents may not know how to manage their inheritance
B．rich parents don’t equal rich kids, at least in the US
C．American children don’t get to inherit their parents’ wealth
D．poor children don’t expect themselves to be as rich as their parents
58．According to the survey, most rich Americans ______.
A．think they owe their children nothing
B．think it best to give their money back to society
C．doubt their children’s ability to handle wealth
D．are confident of their children’s ability to handle wealth
59．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.
A．responsible children B．Bill Gates and his wife
C．first-generation rich D．rich parents
60．From the last paragraph, we can see that Bill Gates wants to show ______.
A．the trend of leaving no inheritance to children
B．the positive impact of charity on society
C．the way of giving back to society
D．the importance of independence for children
(北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语)
D
The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves, storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.
One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurt when it is given and it leaves a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.
67．The author wrote this article to ______.
A．announce the result of a research on spiders
B．introduce the ways to get rid of the spiders
C．report a new finding of the widow species
D．warn readers against the brown widow
68．From the passage we can conclude that ______.
A．brown widows are possibly spreading northward
B．brown widows originated from Africa
C．brown widows now can be found in all countries
D．there used to be no brown widows in North America
69．The third paragraph is mainly about ______.
A．the brown widow’s web building
B．the characteristics of the brown widow
C．the habitat preferences of the brown widow
D．the brown widow’s threat to human beings
70．It can be inferred that ______.
A．brown widows can be killed with any farm chemicals
B．at present people can only control brown widow spiders
C．the brown widow has more poison than the black widow
D．victims bitten by the brown widow needn’t see the doctor
(南京市2012届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语)
E
The grown-ups’ response this time was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors whether from the inside or the outside and devote myself instead to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why at the age of six I gave up the dream that I might have been a great painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.
So then I chose another profession, and learned to pilot airplanes. I have flown a little over all parts of the world; and it is true that geography has been very useful to me. At a glance, I can distinguish China from Arizona. If one gets lost in the night, such knowledge is valuable.
In the course of this life, I have had lots of chances to meet with a great many people. And that hasn’t much improved my opinion of them. Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear-sighted, I tried showing him my Drawing Number One which I have always kept. I would try to find out if this was a person of true understanding. But whoever it was, he or she would always say: That is a hat. Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors or primeval forests or stars. I would bring myself down to his level. I would talk to him about bridge, golf, politics and neckties. And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to have met such an intelligent man.
70．Which of the following statements is true
A．The writer could have become a pilot if encouraged when young.
B．The writer finally changed his opinion of grown-ups.
C．The writer has been showing his two pictures to others ever since.
D．The writer felt nobody could have really understood him.2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列
13阅读理解（教师版）
易错点睛：
在做阅读理解的过程中，同学们由于受到各种情况的影响，常会出现这样或那样的错误，导致失分。通过分析发现，失分点主要有：
易错点1、只见树木．不见森林，误把细节当主题
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
75. What might be the best title for the text
A. How to Save Rainforests
B. How to Protect Nature
C. Rainforests and the Environment
D. Rainforests and Medical Development
易错点2主观臆断，忽视逻辑
I love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.
42. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops
A. The operating costs are very low.
B. The staff are usually well paid.
C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.
D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.
易错点3、没有根据文章中的有效信息进行合理推断
It was the first mow of winter -- an exciting day for every, child but not for most tether. Up until now, l had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today I would need some help. Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton, Ontario, had been through first snow days ,tony times in her long career, but I think struggled still remember this one.
I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I straggled with my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm, motherly voice she said, "By the end of winter, you will be able to put on own boots. “ I didn’t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.
I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected the adult to do an the work. After mush wiggling and pushing, she managed to get first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.
I announced，“They’re on the wrong feet．”With the grace that only experience can bring，she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again．Then I said，“These aren’t my boots．you know．”As she pulled the offending boots from my feet，she still managed to look both helpful and interested．Once they were off．I said，“They are my brother’s boots．My mother makes me wear them，and I hate them!” Somehow，from long years of practice，she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl．She pushed and shoved．less gently this time，and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet．With a great sigh of relief，seeing the end of her struggle with me，she asked，“Now，where are your gloves ’’
I looked into her eyes and said．“I didn’t want to lose them．so I put them into the toes of my boots．”
61．What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on
A．The gloves in the toes of the boots． B．The slowness of the teacher．
C．The wrong size of the boots． D．The unwillingness of the girl．
易错点4、不能根据前后文的语境猜测词义
I stood watching her, speechless .What on earth
She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the rest of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room-if you do anything to upset my husband , out you go!”
Then she turned to me, kissed me, and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.
After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight, I noticed that something in my mood（情绪）had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him calmly.
59. What does the underlined word “antics” refer to
A. Smart words.
B. Unusual actions.
C. Surprising looks.
D. Anxious feelings.
意义。
一般说来，正确猜测词义的方法主要有：
4．通过上下文的联系猜测词义。任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。因此，考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而猜潮词义。这是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是近年来高考考查的热点。
5．通过经验及生活常识猜测词义。在做阅读理解题时，考生有时可以运用自身的实际生活经验及生活常识猜测词义。
跟踪练习
（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）
A
Nowadays a growing number of grass roots entertainers are stepping into the public eye. Although a sudden success provides quick fame, experts say not all the rising stars will have a promising future.
The grass roots band Xu Ri Yang Gang, meaning the rising sun in Chinese, suddenly became popular after uploading a video of them singing “In the Spring”. Actually, they have never stopped struggling to realize their dreams. After that they were frequently invited to big media events in China, like the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.
Another fairy story is the case of the rising star Susan Boyle. She came to international public attention after appearing as a candidate on Britain’s Got Talent in 2009, singing “I Dreamed a Dream” from Les Miserables. Her first album became the biggest selling album in the world in 2009, selling 9 million copies.
As for Chinese grass roots stars, experts say besides big dreams, they need more original compositions to achieve big results.
56．What would be the best title for the text
A．Rising grass roots stars
B．Comparison of grass roots stars
C．Ways of grass roots getting famous
D．Differences between grass roots stars’ lives
59．It can be inferred from the text that ______.
A．grass roots stars can’t have a promising future at all
B．most of grass roots stars have got professional skills
C．grass roots stars need to focus more on their original works
D．talent show is the only way for grass roots stars to become popular
（2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）
B
·Item 78431 The Video Camera Pen
$ 129.95; Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing videos or still images with a click of its button. Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video. Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge.
·Item 78098 The Wristwatch Camcorder
$ 149.95; Available for 3-day Shipment; Order by Phone 1-800-321-1484
This is the men’s watch with an unnoticeable camera located at the two-o’clock position, yet the watch’s hands never make it covered. So you’ll be always ready to capture a famous person or a pet’s ridiculous actions. The camera’s rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of. use from a four-hour charge.
·Item 77918 The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater
$ 249.95; Available for Immediate Shipment; Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away. It connects to a video iPod, iPhone or portable DVD player, with two AA batteries providing up to six hours of continuous operation and an iPod cable.
·Item 77281 The Digital Photo Album Watch
62．If you’re a movie fan, you probably show strong interest in ______.
A．Item 78098 B．Item 77918
C．Item 77281 D．Item 78431
63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．In fact, Item 78098 cannot tell time.
B．Item 77918 works as a DVD player.
C．In a way, Item 77281 is user-friendly.
D．All the items include rechargeable batteries.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍了四条销售广告信息。
60．B 写作意图题。从全文特别是每段的 Order by Phone 可知，本文主要是为一些商品做广告，故选B项。
（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）
C
More than half of rich Americans have not shown their full wealth to their children, a new survey showed last Tuesday.
The survey, published by the Bank of America, studied the rich with $ 3 million or more in assets. It found that “surprisingly few of those surveyed have well-developed plans to preserve and pass on their assets to their children”.
“There is an expectation about the wealthy parents that they have a responsibility to pass down their fortune to the next generation,” said Sallie Krawcheck, president of the Global Wealth and Investment Management of the Bank of America. “Our research, however, uncovered changing views of what one generation owes the next.”
The trend is led by the world’s richest man Bill Gates, who promised in 2008 that he would leave his $ 58 billion fortune to the charity started by him and his wife, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation（基金会）, and not to his children.
“We want to give it back to society in the way that it will have the most positive impact,” he said.
Of his plans for his children, Gates said: “I will give the kids some money but not a meaningful percentage ... they will need to work but they will feel reasonably taken care of.”
60．From the last paragraph, we can see that Bill Gates wants to show ______.
A．the trend of leaving no inheritance to children
B．the positive impact of charity on society
C．the way of giving back to society
D．the importance of independence for children
【解题导语】 调查表明，大部分美国富人不愿向孩子炫富，甚至不打算将丰厚的资产传给后代。
57．B 推理判断题。第二段的后半部分提到在被调查的美国富人中，几乎没有人计划为他们的孩子保留资产或者将资产传给孩子，由此可推断在美国，父母富有并不意味着孩子富有。
58．C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，大部分美国富人怀疑他们的孩子处理财富的能力。
(北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语)
D
The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles arid San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into central California.
The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves, storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.
One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurt when it is given and it leaves a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.
67．The author wrote this article to ______.
A．announce the result of a research on spiders
B．introduce the ways to get rid of the spiders
C．report a new finding of the widow species
D．warn readers against the brown widow
68．From the passage we can conclude that ______.
A．brown widows are possibly spreading northward
B．brown widows originated from Africa
C．brown widows now can be found in all countries
D．there used to be no brown widows in North America
69．The third paragraph is mainly about ______.
A．the brown widow’s web building
B．the characteristics of the brown widow
C．the habitat preferences of the brown widow
D．the brown widow’s threat to human beings
70．It can be inferred that ______.
A．brown widows can be killed with any farm chemicals
B．at present people can only control brown widow spiders
C．the brown widow has more poison than the black widow
D．victims bitten by the brown widow needn’t see the doctor
(南京市2012届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语)
E
Once when I was six years old, I saw an amazing picture in a book called True Stories from Nature about the primeval forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor（大蟒蛇）in the act of swallowing an animal. In the book it said:”Boa constrictors swallow their prey wholly without chewing it. After that they are not able to move and they sleep through the six months that they need for digestion.”
I thought deeply then over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil, I succeeded in making my first drawing, my Drawing Number One. I showed my work to the grown-ups and asked them whether the drawing frightened them. But they answered:”Frighten Why should anyone be frightened by a hat ”
My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting an elephant. But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing. I drew the inside of the boa constrictor so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things explained. That’s my Drawing Number Two.
The grown-ups’ response this time was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors whether from the inside or the outside and devote myself instead to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why at the age of six I gave up the dream that I might have been a great painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.
67．The writer drew his first picture in order to ______.
A．show the grown-ups what the book was about
B．frighten the grown-ups trying to enter the forest
C．remind himself of the adventures of the jungle
D．illustrate a boa constrictor’s act of digesting an animal
68．How did the writer understand the grown-ups’ response to his second drawing
A．He was actually only good at academic study.
B．It was a waste of time for him to keep on drawing.
C．He had difficulty in communicating with the adults.
D．He was good at anything but geography.
69．The underlined word “disheartened” in Paragraph 4 could most probably be replaced by ______.
A．discouraged B．dissatisfied
C．discriminated D．disturbed
70．Which of the following statements is true
A．The writer could have become a pilot if encouraged when young.
B．The writer finally changed his opinion of grown-ups.
C．The writer has been showing his two pictures to others ever since.
D．The writer felt nobody could have really understood him.
