2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列
7选5阅读理解（教师版）
考前必读
2008年宁夏推出了阅读理解新题型,2009年辽宁省也选用了这一题型,"如果希望明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句.段与段之间的逻辑关系."是《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏卷)说明》中的要求.阅读填空题就很好地体现了这一要求。
易错点睛
根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为句子填空题,段落摘要,带选项的段落摘要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开,这些题型的出题思路大同小异,一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。
1．考查内容均为细节
每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写,不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.
2．所填答案基本唯一
虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案,但是所有答案均来自于原文,不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒,但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的,只考查考生的阅读能力,而无意检验考生的写作能力.
3．凸显构成语段的方式
一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦 只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.
通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。 根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门，为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。
跟踪练习：
（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger. Most people don’t have enough time to read the articles, so they only read the headlines. On TV and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago. In the USA, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children. These are shorter versions（版本）of traditional stories, specially written for “busy parents” who want to save time! Some answer phones now have “quick playback” buttons so that we can replay people’s messages faster — we cant waste time listening to people speaking at the normal speed! 74 Ten years ago when people went to art galleries they spent seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend just three seconds! Nowadays, many people prefer faster and dynamic sports like basketball.
74．C 上文列举了人们快节奏的生活方式，C项是对其作进一步举例说明。而且根据该空线后三句的内容也可知此处表示“即使在休闲娱乐时，人们也保持着快节奏的生活方式”。
75．F 下文提到，因交通状况越来越差，我们开车慢了下来。只有F能起到承上启下的作用。
北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the freeway. 75 It is guessed that an automated freeway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day freeway.
A．Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay.
B．The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
C．One proposed solution to this problem is the automated freeway system.
D．Experts have different views on what role autos will play in the near future.
E．The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years.
F．Drivers in the freeway system can sit back and do nothing but control the direction.
G．The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the sound speaker that will warn him of his coming exit.
【解题导语】 有些专家认为汽车将会逐渐消失，而有些专家认为在不久的将来汽车仍然是处于主导地位的交通工具。不管怎样，未来的汽车将更加环保，更加智能。
（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Pleasing Sound of a Rainstick
A stick is a long tube that is hollow, with small sticks or other materials pushed inside so that it has a somewhat smooth surface on the outside, but small barriers inside. These can be in a lined pattern, for a specific sound, or placed at random for a more varied effect. It is then filled with a variety of different things, like small stones, or beads（珠子）, or even rice, and the ends are capped to provide a seal. 71
The origins of rainsticks are not really known and so the stories are quite varied. Some people say that the ancient people of Chile created rainsticks from dried cactus（仙人掌）, with the sharp points taken off, pushed back inside and then filled with small stones. 72 The Deaguita Indians survive even today, and they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies. They also make them as musical instruments.
73 Turning the stick over quickly will produce a higher sound, while turning it slowly will produce a deeper effect. How long the effect lasts depends on how long the instrument is. The tube also affects the quality of the rain sound as well. If you make them from some kind of absorbent material, like cactus or bamboo, you will hear it better than if you were to make it from cardboard tubes.
A rainstick can be made from almost any kind of material and the types of things that you can use as fillings can be even more varied. 74 Usually, these school projects are made using a cardboard tube, like the center from a roll of toilet paper or a paper towel tube. Toothpicks are then inserted, with the exposed ends cut off and glued in place. 75
【解题导语】 本文介绍了一种叫雨棒的乐器，它能发出雨声。
71．B 第一段介绍雨棒的构造及发音原理，B项中的 “these materials” 指的是上文的 “small stones, or beads（珠子）, or even rice”，由此可知选B。
72．C 根据下文的 “they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies.” 提示可知应选C。注意关键词 ceremonies。
73．E 根据下一句 “Turning the stick over quickly will produce a higher sound, while turning it slowly will produce a deeper effect.” 可知应选E，翻转雨棒的速度决定着雨声的大小。
74．A 根据下文的 “these school projects” 可知应选A。
75．D 此处介绍常见的雨棒的制作方法，结合第一段的内容可知，接下来应是堵上一端，里面装上大米或豆之类的东西，然后密封上另一端，因此选D。
（河北省普通高中2012届高三教学质量监测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
·shows signs of having a severe allergic reaction
·has been stung by several insects at the same time
·has been stung in the mouth or throat, where the swelling can interfere with breathing
Medicines
74 A cream or ointment containing hydrocortisone（氢化可的松）can help reduce swelling and inflammation. You can buy low-dose hydrocortisone cream over the counter but don’t use it on children under 10, or on your face or on broken or infected skin. Over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol（醋氨酚）can relieve some of the discomfort.
Always ask your doctor for advice and read the patient information that comes with your medicine.
Prevention of bites and stings
You can reduce your risk of insect bites and stings by:
·Wearing insect repellent
· 75
·Wearing long sleeves and trousers if out in the evening
·Keeping picnic foods covered up as much as possible — sweet foods and drinks attract insects.
A．Treatment for bites and stings
B．Don’t apply any medicine to the infected area.
C．You may wish to use a local anaesthetic（麻醉剂）spray to reduce pain.
D．These don’t usually need any treatment and clear up within a day or so.
E．Sleeping under a suitable net if mosquitoes are a problem at night
F．In the UK, the threat to health from animal bites and stings is relatively low.
G．However, in some people they can cause severe reactions, so it’s important to know what to do if this happens.
（河南省洛阳市2012届高中三年级统一考试英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most people would agree teens today have more choices than ever before. To avoid burnout, teens should pick and choose carefully. 71 Joining a local community（社区）club is an easy way to get involved and have some fun without a lot of stress.
4．Places of Worship（崇拜）
Many worship places like churches have specific clubs and groups associated with their community, 75 For example, church groups aimed at teens usually seek to provide fun, safe activities such as movie nights or day trips.
A．Community Centres
B．Children’s Palace
C．But these groups don’t necessarily take religion as the main focus.
D．However, there’re often a number of clubs available for teens as well.
E．Joining a local club may seem scary to teens who are unsure of what’s available.
F．Gone are the days of absolute silence and only “improving” books on the shelves.
G．Only choose those activities in which they are truly interested and for which they have the time.
【解题导语】 如今的青少年既然有了更多的选择自由，为何不加入当地的社区俱乐部呢？这样既可以融入团体，又能够摆脱烦忧。
（山西省2012届高三年级四校联考试题英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. 71 They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
72 For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education, which is very different from traditional education. These students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices. 73 They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. 74 Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school.
You now know what open education is, whose good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. I think that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. 75 I believe that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
A．Many teachers do not believe in open education.
B．Open education. is better than traditional education.
C．But many students will not do well in an open classroom
D．Some students will be happier in an open education school.
E．The teachers’ feeling and attitudes are important to the students.
F．In fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school.
G．For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom.2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列
7选5阅读理解（学生版）
考前必读
2008年宁夏推出了阅读理解新题型,2009年辽宁省也选用了这一题型,"如果希望明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句.段与段之间的逻辑关系."是《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏卷)说明》中的要求.阅读填空题就很好地体现了这一要求。
2010年北京市高考试卷的明显变化是:阅读理解由原来的5篇文章共20道题变成了4篇文章共15道题+阅读新题型.阅读新题型占到了10分,这些都表明任务型阅读的优势在吸引更多的省市尝试,而各省的新型阅读理解也各有所长.
如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考察，是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律,那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查,是语言使用的范畴,属于言语的组织规律,简单地说,前者侧重语言的结构--语法,而后者侧重语言的使用--章法.
易错点睛
3．凸显构成语段的方式
一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦 只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.
步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。
跟踪练习：
（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger. Most people don’t have enough time to read the articles, so they only read the headlines. On TV and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago. In the USA, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children. These are shorter versions（版本）of traditional stories, specially written for “busy parents” who want to save time! Some answer phones now have “quick playback” buttons so that we can replay people’s messages faster — we cant waste time listening to people speaking at the normal speed! 74 Ten years ago when people went to art galleries they spent seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend just three seconds! Nowadays, many people prefer faster and dynamic sports like basketball.
北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some experts feel that the automobile is to “die”. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to become rotten iron and steel rubbish. 71 They think that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the near future.
72 It should become smaller, safer, and more money-saving, and should not be powered by the petrol engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jam. 73
When the auto enters the freeway system, a retractable arm, which can be moved inwards or backwards, will drop from the auto and touch a rail that is similar to the subway trains electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. 74
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the freeway. 75 It is guessed that an automated freeway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day freeway.
（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Pleasing Sound of a Rainstick
A stick is a long tube that is hollow, with small sticks or other materials pushed inside so that it has a somewhat smooth surface on the outside, but small barriers inside. These can be in a lined pattern, for a specific sound, or placed at random for a more varied effect. It is then filled with a variety of different things, like small stones, or beads（珠子）, or even rice, and the ends are capped to provide a seal. 71
The origins of rainsticks are not really known and so the stories are quite varied. Some people say that the ancient people of Chile created rainsticks from dried cactus（仙人掌）, with the sharp points taken off, pushed back inside and then filled with small stones. 72 The Deaguita Indians survive even today, and they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies. They also make them as musical instruments.
A．You can even make your own rainsticks, and they are often part of school projects where they are used to help children learn the history of Indian people.
B．When turned upside down, these materials fall down through the tube, bouncing off of the barriers to produce a calming rain-like sound.
C．These were then capped with pieces of wood on the ends and used in ceremonies to bring rain to their crops.
D．One end is capped off with poster board and filled with rice or beans, and then the other end is sealed.
E．You can get different rain sounds, depending on how fast you turn the rainstick itself.
F．This rainstick can never be opened according to the scared writings of the ancients.
G．They can be three feet or longer depending on what the tube itself is made from.
（河北省普通高中2012届高三教学质量监测英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
·shows signs of having a severe allergic reaction
·has been stung by several insects at the same time
·has been stung in the mouth or throat, where the swelling can interfere with breathing
Medicines
74 A cream or ointment containing hydrocortisone（氢化可的松）can help reduce swelling and inflammation. You can buy low-dose hydrocortisone cream over the counter but don’t use it on children under 10, or on your face or on broken or infected skin. Over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol（醋氨酚）can relieve some of the discomfort.
Always ask your doctor for advice and read the patient information that comes with your medicine.
Prevention of bites and stings
You can reduce your risk of insect bites and stings by:
·Wearing insect repellent
· 75
·Wearing long sleeves and trousers if out in the evening
·Keeping picnic foods covered up as much as possible — sweet foods and drinks attract insects.
（河南省洛阳市2012届高中三年级统一考试英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most people would agree teens today have more choices than ever before. To avoid burnout, teens should pick and choose carefully. 71 Joining a local community（社区）club is an easy way to get involved and have some fun without a lot of stress.
1．Libraries
Keep an open mind on this one, because libraries have evolved a lot over the past decade. 72 Today’s libraries are full of magazines, music, DVDs, graphic novels, even games, and young adult librarians are dedicated to setting up activities that teens will enjoy.
2．Leisure（休闲）Centres
Leisure centres can sometimes seem like the home of old age people and tiny kids. 73 Swimming clubs, teen fitness clubs and classes and community sports clubs such as tennis, football and even gymnastics are often held at leisure centres.
3． 74
（山西省2012届高三年级四校联考试题英语）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. 71 They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
A．Many teachers do not believe in open education.
B．Open education. is better than traditional education.
C．But many students will not do well in an open classroom
D．Some students will be happier in an open education school.
E．The teachers’ feeling and attitudes are important to the students.
F．In fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school.
G．For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom.
