北京市首师大附高2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含答案（无听力部分）

2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末
英 语
2021.6
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分)
第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
----Thomas Macaulay About thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in
New York. One day, Mrs Nanette O’Neill gave a maths test to our class. When the papers were ____1____ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
There is nothing really new about____2____in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to ____3____ after class. I was one of the twelve.
Mrs O’Neill asked no questions, and she didn’t scold us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the____4____words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to copy these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
I don’t know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say it was the most important single 5 of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay’s words, they 6 seem to me the best yardstick (准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
____7____ of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called ____8____ daily to make a great many personal decisions. Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or________9 to the policeman? Should the ____10___ change received at the store be forgotten or returned ? Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.
1. A. completed B. examined C. marked D. answered
2. A. lying B. cheating C.discussing D.guessing
3. A. leave B. apologize C. come D.remain
4. A.above B. common C. following D. unusual
5. A. lesson B. incident C. chance D. memory
6. A. still B. even C. always D. almost
7. A. All B. Few C. Some D. None
8. A. up B. out C. for D. upon
9. A. turned up B. turned on C. turned back D.turned over
10. A. extra B.small C. some D. necessary
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 15 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I still remember our physics teacher __11_____gave us a challenge that involved making a paper plane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible. Standing at the starting line, one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把…捏成一团) it up, and 12 (throw) it down the way. He beat the class with ease. Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated, but the physics teacher 13 (clear) explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shape.
B
Alibaba isn’t the only company ___14_________ introduces high-tech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhen-based company which focused on developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, ____15_____people consider to be one of the best places to live. Travelers can book a room through Smart LYZ’s WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the door with a ______16______(give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests.
C
The objectives of education can be various. One is ___17_____ (gain) all kinds of knowledge, that can give us insights into how people think and the right attitude when interacting with people of different cultures. The second is to prepare individuals for a well-rounded life in society. In other words, it helps individuals think ________18______(depend), develop critical thinking skills and act based on judgment. Thirdly, education helps learners understand ___19_____ the thing is right or wrong, learn ___20_______to interact with others, behave with integrity, etc.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Choice Awards are currently on hold. We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories: music, general food, specialty food, film, cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years). These are some of the winners:
Kutztown Folk Festival
The nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the nation's oldest continuously operated folk life festival, drawing visitors from around the globe. A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage, the event includes America's largest quilt sale, 200 craftsmen and folk artists, local food and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections. Magical nights in cities across the US include food, live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.
Carnaval of Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter, the world's largest, complete with night parades( 庆 祝 游 行 ） , ice skating, snow sculptures and a towering ice palace. Other highlights include ice canoe racing, a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.
San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New
Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush. The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units, fancy costumes, fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon, which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets. It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world, drawing some three million spectators and television viewers.
21. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival?
A. Modern arts. B. Quilts for sale.
C. Traditional weddings. D. Shows on stage.
22. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships?
A. Kutztown Folk Festival. B. Carnaval of Quebec.
C. Water Lantern Festival. D. San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.
23. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both.
A. include special food B. relate to parades
C. take place only at nights D. have sculpture exhibitions
B
For decades, Americans have been sorting their trash believing that most plastic could be recycled. But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced can't be or won't be recycled. In 40 years, less than 10% of plastic has been recycled.
A news programme Frontline, by NPR and the PBS, found that oil and gas companies- the makers of plastic-have known that all along, even as they spent millions of dollars telling the American public the opposite. The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale. The goal, they said, is to recycle 100% of the plastic they make in 5 years.
But the more plastic is recycled, the less money the industry will make by selling new plastic. And those profits have become increasingly important. Companies have told shareholders （股东）that profits from using oil and gas for transport are expected to decline in coming years with the increasing use of electric cars. The industry leaders expect oil and gas demands from the chemical industry will be much greater than the demand from the transport side in the coming decade. Plastic production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050, and once again, the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.
Plastic is now more common than it's ever been and harder to recycle. Gas prices remain at historic lows, making new plastic cheaper than recycled plastic. And the industry now produces many more different-and more complex-kinds of plastics that are more costly to sort and in many cases can't be recycled at all. Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide, but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.
24. What do we know about the goal of 100%plastic recycling?
A. It's modest. B. It's achievable.
C. It's urgent. D. It's unreal.
25. How will the oil and gas companies make more profits in the following years?
A. By selling electric cars.
B. By adding emphasis on recycling.
C. By increasing plastic production.
D. By meeting the needs of transport.
26. What does the underlined word"mounting"in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Increasing. B. Working.
C. Failing. D. Decreasing.
27. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Should Plastic Be Recycled?
B. Can Plastic Waste Be Handled?
C. Recycle Plastic or Sell More?
D. Plastic Products or Substitutes?
C
New App Helps People Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.
The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.
After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.
28. SocialRecall is used to ________.
A. take photos B. identify people
C. organize events D. make friends
29. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.
A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones
B. collecting information previously entered in the phone
C. providing the information of a person when they first meet
D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face
30. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?
A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.
B. It has caused unintended consequences.
C. It can prevent some communication disorders.
D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.
D
Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.
Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?
Viruses are non-living organisms ( 有机 体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.
Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction.
Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.
But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”.
However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites ( 寄 生 者 ). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.
For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.
31. What can we learn about viruses from the text?
A. Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold.
B. Viruses are really small living organisms.
C. Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell.
D. Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.
32. Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?
A. They evolved from the fossils of large organisms.
B. They evolved from parasites into independent organisms.
C. They evolved from the T-cells in animals.
D. They evolved along with their host cells.
33. The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means________.
A. reasonable B. common
C. creative D. unbelievable
34. What can we conclude from the text?
A. Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’.
B. Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.
C. It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.
D. The author is optimistic about future virus research.
第二节 （共 5 小题:每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you a bookworm? Is your head permanently stuck in a book? 35. There are many benefits to reading. Getting into a good novel improves our literacy. But who or what encourages us to pick up a book and start reading?
Of course, when we are young, our parents and teachers inspire us by introducing us to characters that we love or hate. As a child, I loved books written by Roald Dahl, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Twits. 36. They are popular with children even today, despite competition from contemporary authors.
One modern-day children's author is J. K. Rowling, who's known for her books about the wizard, Harry Potter. 37. The UK's National Literacy Trust awarded her the title for “turning a generation of children into readers”.
38. It can also help people in difficult circumstances. The author Pat Winslow worked as a writer in prisons and found reading and discussing stories helped prisoners reflect on their patterns of behavior. She says, “very often we would have discussions about the moral compass of a character. What was the motivation of somebody? Why did they behave that way?”
Today I like to read factual books such as biographies, where you get an insight into the lives of important and well-known people. I also enjoy looking at travel books and learning about journeys and new destinations__ 39__.
But the main benefit of reading is the improvement it brings to our literacy. The more we do it, the better we get and who knows—one day you may become the next Tolstoy, Jackie Collins or even William Shakespeare.
A. If so, that's a good thing for you.
B. It's a good substitute if you can't visit in person.
C. Good writing can really capture our imagination.
D. Reading books is more than an enjoyable leisure time.
E.These fictional stories were funny, twisted and slightly evil.
F.Who are your favorite authors and which are your favorite books?
G.She was named as a “literacy hero” for improving people's love of reading.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节 阅读表达（共 4 小题：第 40、41 小题各 2 分，第 42 小题 3 分，第 43小题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
A new study reveals more answers about why Earth’s second largest ocean is expanding four centimetres.
That’s around the height of a golf tee. The width of a cracker. It’s also the amount that the Atlantic Ocean is expanding every year.
Now when you’re talking about an ocean that is 4,830 kilometres (3,000 miles) wide at its largest point, 4 centimetres (1.6 inches) is not much. But it is happening. So naturally, scientists want to know why.
Thanks to a new study, researchers think that they have the answer why. You could even call it a ‘hot take’. As in hot magma, or molten rock, deep under the ocean floor!
The study suggests that the expansion is being caused by magma(岩浆) bubbling up from under an underwater ‘mountain range’ called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Let’s start with what that ridge is.
Basically, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the seam between some very large tectonic plates. The ridge is also known as a plate boundary. As we’ve discussed before here, tectonic plates are essentially the platforms that our continents rest on. They are large pieces of the crust that are always moving in slow motion.
This movement is what causes earthquakes, for example. And the areas where the plates meet are where we tend to find things like mountains and volcanos, as well.
In this case, as the magma bubbles up from the mantle(地幔) below the crust, it is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way. As a result, the ocean is slowly getting wider.
This is a new finding. Before the study, scientists thought that the plates were being pulled apart—they were being dragged away from the ridge by forces occurring on either side of the ocean, not from in the middle.
Scientists still believe that this ‘pulling’ motion is happening. It is just that now, they feel that the bubbling magma is an important force as well. There is push and pull.
The scientists behind this study have been quick to point out that their research is only looking at a small cross-section of the ridge. It’s like a slice across it. What is happening right along this slice, may not be happening the same way up and down the entire ridge. But it is still really useful information—and how they got it is pretty cool.
Back in 2016, a research ship traveled to a very quiet spot directly over the ridge. Over five weeks, the crew dropped 39 seismometers on to the ocean floor. These devices allow them to ‘listen’ to the activity of the tectonic plates and what was beneath it. It’s like what a stethoscope does with your heartbeat, but for the planet. A year later, they retrieved the devices and looked at the data.
Then it was back to the lab to try and piece together what they learned. In the end, they have added to our understanding of how and why the Earth’s surface constantly moves. Even if it is only by about a little bit each year!
40. What is causing the expansion of Earth’s second largest ocean?
41. What does the underlined phrase “This movement” refer to?
42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way to cause the ocean to slowly get wider, but not the forces occurring on either side of the ocean pulling the plates apart.
43. What do you think of the process of how the finding was got? (about 40 words)
第二节（20 分）
假如你是红星中学的李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中询问北京海淀近几年的变化，请根据以下要点进行回复。
1、变化时什么
2、对你的影响
3、期待朋友来北京海淀
Dear Jim，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语
参考答案
一、完型
1-5 CBDAC 6-10 CBDDA
二、语法填空
11.who 12.threw 13.clearly
14.that 15.where 16.given
17.to gain 18.independently 19.whether 20.how
三、阅读理解
21-23 BCB 24-27 DCAC 28-30 BDA 31-34 CDAC 35-39 AEGDB
四、阅读表达
40. The expansion is being caused by magma bubbling up from under an underwater ‘mountain range’ called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
41. The slow motion/movement of the crusts of the earth (tectonic plates).
42. Scientists find that it is the magma below the crust that is pushing the edges of both plates out of the way to cause the ocean to slowly get wider, but not the forces occurring on either side of the ocean pulling the plates apart.
According to the passage, scientists still believe that this ‘pulling’ motion is happening. It is just that now, they feel that the bubbling magma is an important force as well. There is push and pull.
43. 略
五、写作
略