Unit
5
Into
the
unknown
Section
Ⅳ Writing——介绍神秘现象
[技法指导]
1．文体介绍
本单元的写作主题为“介绍神秘现象”，可以通过“说明＋议论”的模式进行写作。
首先，在说明的部分，应抓住现象的特征，以一定的顺序(如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)进行客观地介绍，并点明其神秘之处。
其次，在议论的部分，应对该神秘现象做出解释。应注意解释或论证的逻辑要清晰，引用的观点要明确。
最后，在结尾部分，可以简洁地说明作者自身的观点，或直接总结全文。
2．篇章结构
(1)开门见山：解释神秘的现象，可以利用设问句的方式，引起读者的阅读兴趣。
(2)渲染气氛：说明该现象在人们眼中的神秘之处，引发读者的好奇心。
(3)分析或解释原因：可以引用民间传说或官方说明来进行解释。
注意：①此部分应注意逻辑顺序和段落之间的过渡和衔接，可适当地运用一些衔接手段，如衔接词、句等。
②可以使用“总—分”的结构，即以中心句明确段落大意，再展开说明、论证。
(4)结尾：可以说明作者自身的观点或者直接总结全文。
注意：结尾部分不要展开过多，避免啰嗦。
3．常用表示
(1)介绍地点常用的词汇及表达：
recommend,
recommendation,
mystery,
mysterious,
historical,
according
to,
legend,
witness,
specific,
location,
lie
in,
remain,
consist
of,
worldwide
?Located
in...，...still
remains
a
mystery
to
scientists
until
today.……位于，……直到今天，对科学家来说仍然是个谜。
?Being
one
of
the
natural
mysteries
in
the
world,
it
has
attracted
much
worldwide
attention.作为世界自然之谜之一，它引起了全世界的广泛关注。
(2)给出推荐理由并介绍奇异现象常用的词汇及表达：
exist,
existence,
disappear,
disappearance，discover,
discovery,
debate,
unexplained,
natural,
popular,
structure,
truth,
convincing,
evidence;
phenomenon,
amazing,
frightening,
trace
back
to
?The
most
interesting
phenomenon
is
that...最有趣的现象是……
?For
thousands
of
years,
it
is
considered
as
one
of
the...
几千年来，它被认为是……之一。
?The
description
of...can
be
traced
back
to...
对……的描述可以追溯到……
?According
to
the
legend，...据传说……
?What
makes
it
mysterious
is
that...
它的神秘之处在于……
(3)结尾段常用表达：
?Scientists
conclude
that
the
disappearance
of
it
may
be
caused
by...科学家得出结论，它的消失可能是因为……
?Perhaps
with
the
development
of
science
and
technology,
the
mystery
of...can
be
explained.也许随着科学技术的发展，……的奥秘可以被解释。
[精品展示]
假定你是某国际旅行社的导游李华，请你根据以下提示，向你带领的来自加拿大的游客推荐云南的迷人湖。
1．位置：云南省原始森林；
2．规模：宽处150米，窄处60米，水深1.5米；
3．奇异现象：如果站在湖边说话，会立即下雨。声音越大，雨就越大。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：原始森林primitive
forests
Dear
tourists，
Today,
I'd
like
to
recommend
an
amazing
place,
Miren
Lake,
to
you.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
[审题谋篇]
第一步：确定时态和人称
该写作为描写一个神秘的地方，时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
第二步：确定段落
首段：向游客推荐一个神秘的地方
中段：描述此神秘地方的特色和神秘之处
尾段：结束语，说明此地会让游客喜欢
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________ 位于
2．________________
在……边缘
3．________________
研究
4．________________
爱上
5．________________
一……就
第四步：句式升级
1．迷人湖位于云南省的原始森林，是世界上最神秘的地方之一。
(一般表达)Miren
Lake
is
located
in
the
primitive
forest
in
Yunnan
Province,
and
it
is
one
of
the
most
mysterious
places
in
the
world.
(高级表达)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.(过去分词作定语完成句子的升级)
2．此处很神秘：当人们在湖边讲话时，天会下雨。
(一般表达)It
is
mysterious,
when
people
talk
at
the
edge
of
the
lake,
it
starts
to
rain.
(高级表达)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.(用名词性从句合并进行升级)
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section
Ⅳ Writing——介绍神秘现象
[审题谋篇]
第三步
1．be
located
in 2.at
the
edge
of 3.do
research
into 4.fall
in
love
with 5.the
moment
第四步
1．Miren
Lake,
located
in
the
primitive
forest
in
Yunnan
Province,
is
one
of
the
most
mysterious
places
in
the
world
2．What
makes
it
mysterious
is
that
when
people
talk
at
the
edge
of
the
lake,
it
starts
to
rain
[连句成篇]
Dear
tourists，
Today,
I'd
like
to
recommend
an
amazing
place,
Miren
Lake,
to
you.
Miren
Lake,
located
in
the
primitive
forests
in
Yunnan
Province,
is
one
of
the
most
mysterious
places
in
the
world.
With
the
depth
of
1.5
metres,
it
is
150
metres
in
width
in
some
wide
parts,
while
in
some
narrow
parts,
it
is
60
metres.
What
makes
it
mysterious
is
that
when
people
talk
at
the
edge
of
the
lake,
it
starts
to
rain.
Furthermore,
the
louder
the
voice
is,
the
heavier
the
rain
becomes.
Although
many
scientists
have
been
doing
research
into
this
strange
phenomenon,
nobody
can
provide
convincing
factors
to
explain
the
mystery.
I
believe
you
will
fall
in
love
with
this
magic
place
the
moment
you
get
there.
Yours，
Li
HuaUnit
5
Into
the
unknown
Section
Ⅲ Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
失事的船；沉船
2．________
n.
珊瑚
3．________
n.
毫米
4．________
n.
海沟
5．________
adv.
此外；而且；不仅如此
6．________
n.
物质
7．________
n.
船；舰
8．________
n.
(书的)卷，册
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
adj.考古学的；考古的→________
n．考古学→________
n．考古学家
2．________
adv.向上，朝上→________
adv.向下，朝下
3．________
adj.等同的；等值的，相当的→________
n．相等，对等，相同
4．________
adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→________
adv.尤其；特别
5．________
n．钻探；勘探→________
v．钻(孔)，练习，操练
n．钻头，练习，演习
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________
起航
2．________________
如果有的话
3．________________
沿海岸，离海岸不远处
4．________________
多达，高达
5．________________
等(同)于；相等(当)于……；与……等级
6．________________
在……的深度
7．________________
保持……的纪录
8．________________
特别冷，非常冷
9．________________
无法达到；超出……的能力之外
10．________________
开发，开垦
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．据估计，全球水下有300万艘沉船。
________________
under
waters
across
the
globe
are
an
estimated
three
million
shipwrecks.
2．据说，在公元4世纪的一次海啸中，奈阿波利斯的废墟被埋在了水下，距今已有近2
000年的历史。
________________
to
have
been
buried
underwater
by
a
tsunami
in
the
fourth
century
AD,
the
ruins
of
Neápolis
are
almost
2,000
years
old.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What
caused
the
ancient
Roman
city
of
Neápolis
to
be
buried
underwater?
A．A
tsunami.
B．The
earthquake
ruins.
C．Extreme
cold
climate.
D．The
war.
2．Why
is
the
barreleye
strange?
A．It
grows
very
fast.
B．Its
forehead
is
transparent.
C．It
lives
in
the
deepest
ditch.
D．It
comes
out
of
science
fiction.
3．What
can
we
know
about
China's
Shenhai
Yongshi?
A．It's
a
new
underwater
ship
for
us.
B．It
has
explored
waters
thousands
of
metres
deep.
C．It
has
identified
areas
for
deep?sea
drilling.
D．It
holds
the
record
for
the
deepest
manned
submarine
dive.
4．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
________.
A．the
depths
of
the
ocean
are
within
the
range
of
human
exploration
B．it
is
better
for
a
country
to
explore
the
ocean
alone
C．man
has
become
familiar
with
the
underwater
world
D．ocean
exploration
requires
international
cooperation
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.set
sail起航
set
sail
(from...)
for...
(从……)起航去……
set
sail
for
the
destination
起航去目的地
set
sail
for
home
起航回家
?They
set
sail
in
the
morning
and
made
it
to
a
small
town
before
dark.
他们早晨起航，在天黑前赶到了一个小镇。
?We
set
sail
for
France.我们起航去法国。
特别提示：
set
sail
for中的for不用to，类似的还有leave
for(动身去),
head
for(朝……去)。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The
ship
will
______________________
(起航前往)
New
Orleans
tomorrow
morning.
②When
everybody
was
on
board,
________________________
(船就起航了)．
2.continue
to
do
sth.继续做某事
(1)continue
doing
sth.＝continue
to
do
sth.
继续做某事
(2)go
on
to
do
sth.
继续做另一件事
go
on
doing
sth.
继续做同一件事
go
on
with
sth.
继续做某事
?The
crowd
continue
to
argue
heatedly
about
the
best
way
to
deal
with
the
problem.
这群人继续激烈地争论解决问题的最好方式。
?After
climbing
the
Great
Wall,
they
went
on
to
visit
the
Summer
Palace.
爬完长城后，他们接着去参观了颐和园。
?In
spite
of
the
rain,
they
went
on
playing
tennis.
尽管下雨了，他们还是继续打网球。
语境助记：
From
2004
to
2013,
agricultural
land
values
doubled,
and
they
continue
to
rise
in
many
regions.
从2004年到2013年，农业用地价值翻了一番，并且在许多地区持续增长。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
good
news
is
that
income
is
rising
fast
and
people's
living
standards
continue
________
(improve)．
②You
can
continue
________
the
project,
but
in
my
opinion
it's
not
worth
the
efforts
you
will
make.
③We
really
can't
go
on
________
(live)
like
this—we'll
have
to
find
a
bigger
house.
④After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,
Anne
Benedict
went
on
________
(thank)
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
3.equivalent
adj.等同的；等值的；相当的
be
equivalent
to 等于……；相当于……
?One
unit
is
equivalent
to
one
glass
of
wine.
一个单位等于一杯酒。
?The
two
sentences
have
equivalent
syntactic
structures.
这两个句子具有相同的句法结构。
特别提示：
该短语中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词、动名词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①One
US
dollar
is
equivalent
________
about
seven
yuan
in
RMB.
②Changing
his
job
like
that
is
equivalent
to
________
(give)
him
the
sack.
4.hold
the
record
for保持……纪录
break
the
record
打破纪录
set
a
(new)
record
创造(新)纪录
keep
a
record
of
把……记下来
?She
holds
the
world
record
for
the
100
metres.
她保持着100米的世界纪录。
?He
set
a
new
national
record
in
the
marathon
race.
他创造了马拉松赛跑的全国新纪录。
?You
should
keep
a
record
of
your
expenses.
你应该记下你的各项开支。
名师点津：
record
vt.记录，把(声音，影像等)录下
In
a
journal,
writers
also
record
their
experiences.
在日志中，作者也记录他们的经历。
Musicians
record
their
songs
in
a
studio.
音乐家在录音棚录制歌曲。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Davis
holds
the
record
________
most
points
in
a
season.
②The
weather
centre
keeps
a
record
________
the
weather.
③He
______________________________
(打破了世界纪录)
for
the
long
jump.
④The
young
man
____________________________
(创造了一项新纪录)
at
the
sports
meeting.
5.beyond
the
reach
of在……伸手够不着的地方，超出……的能力范围，鞭长莫及
out
of/beyond
(one's)
reach
(某人)够不到
within
reach
(of
sb.)
在(某人)可达到的范围之内
within
(easy)
reach
of
sth.
离某物很近，靠近某物
?She
put
the
medicine
on
the
top
shelf
beyond
the
reach
of
her
son.
她把药放在了儿子够不到的最上面的架子上。
?We
don't
believe
it's
beyond
the
reach
of
human
power.
我们不相信这是人力所做不到的。
?The
shelf
is
so
high
that
it
is
well
out
of/beyond
my
reach.
架子太高我根本够不到。
?My
house
is
within
easy
reach
of
the
station.我家离车站很近。
归纳拓展：
reach
for伸手去拿
reach
into伸进……之中；伸手去……拿
reach
out伸出
reach
out
for伸手去拿；急切寻求
reach
an
agreement达成协议；取得一致意见；达成共识
reach
the
standard达到水平或标准
reach
a
conclusion得出结论；达成一个结论
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
problem
is
beyond
the
reach
________
my
understanding.
②Cleaning
fluids
should
be
kept
out
________
the
reach
of
children.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．(教材P56)Lying
under
waters
across
the
globe
are
an
estimated
three
million
shipwrecks.据估计，全球海底有300万艘沉船。
[句式分析] 全部倒装：分词＋be＋主语
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词或过去分词置于句首，从而构成倒装。
?Lying
on
the
beach
is
a
family
from
Russia.
躺在沙滩上的是来自俄罗斯的一家人。
?Playing
in
front
of
the
house
are
Tom
and
his
new
friend
John.
在房子前面玩耍的是汤姆和他的新朋友约翰。
?Gone
are
the
days
when
they
could
do
what
they
liked
to
the
Chinese
people.他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
[即学即练]
①________
(lead)
to
the
park
is
a
very
delightful
road.
②________
(bury)
in
the
sand
was
an
ancient
village.
③________
(lie)
on
the
floor
was
a
boy
aged
about
twelve.
④________
(hide)
behind
the
door
were
some
naughty
children.
2．(教材P56)Believed
to
have
been
buried
underwater
by
a
tsunami
in
the
fourth
century
AD,
the
ruins
of
Neápolis
are
almost
2,000
years
old.据说，在公元4世纪的一次海啸中，奈阿波利斯的废墟被埋在了水下，距今已有近2
000年的历史。
[句式分析] 本句是过去分词短语作状语。
过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与句子主语通常存在被动关系。过去分词作状语，常表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随等。
?Praised
by
the
neighbours,
he
became
the
pride
of
his
parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
?Once
seen,
it
can
never
be
forgotten.
一旦它被看见，就无法被忘记。(表示时间)
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
castle,
the
park
looks
very
beautiful.从城堡顶端看，公园看起来十分美丽。(表示条件)
?Though
told
of
the
danger,
he
still
risked
his
life
to
enter
the
cave.
虽然被告知有危险，他仍然冒着生命危险进了山洞。(表示让步)
?Filled
with
hopes
and
fears,
he
dived
deep
into
the
ocean.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他潜入了海洋深处。(表示伴随)
[即学即练]
①________
(see)
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
the
city
looks
like
a
big
garden.
②Deeply
________
(move)
by
his
words,
Tom
agreed
to
go
with
him.
③________
(give)
more
time,
I
would
do
the
job
much
better.
④________
(encourage)
by
his
parents,
he
still
lacks
confidence.
⑤________
(surround)
by
fields,
mountains
and
rivers,
the
Old
Town
of
Lijiang
looks
like
a
jade
ink
stone
in
spring
and
summer.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It
was
a
pleasant
surprise
that
the
ceramics
were
saved
from
________
(沉船)．
2．What
makes
the
historians
excited
is
that
more
and
more
________
(考古的)
discoveries
have
been
made
along
the
Silk
Road
recently.
3．Although
the
________
(珊瑚)
looks
hard,
it
is
very
delicate.
4．The
system
can
print
electronic
features
no
more
than
a
hundredth
of
a
________
(毫米)
wide
from
a
variety
of
materials.
5．Place
your
hands
on
the
table
with
the
palms
facing
________
(向上)．
6．All
places
at
the
Pacific
________
(海沟)
should
be
evacuated
now,
because
there
will
be
earthquakes
and
volcanic
explosions.
7．Research
on
sleep
deprivation
provides
an
interesting
insight
into
the
fact
that
the
IQ
drop
caused
by
electronic
obsession
is
also
________
(等同的)
to
a
wakeful
night.
8．They
were
busy
________
(摞起)
the
shelves
with
goods
under
the
guidance
of
the
consultant.
9．________
(此外),
the
weather
condition
should
be
considered.
10．There
are
a
few
________
(显著的)
limitations
to
the
prior
approach.
11．Every
________
(物质),
no
matter
what
it
is,
is
composed
of
very
small
particles
called
molecules.
12．The
________
(船)
is
expected
under
favourable
circumstances
to
do
the
journey
in
2
hours.
13．Ultimate
________
(勘探)
is
due
to
start
early
next
year.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The
last
time
Dad
and
I
________
(set)
sail
together
is
really
unforgettable.
2．The
next
factor
is
the
energy
cost
of
running,
which
is
the
equivalent
________
miles
per
gallon
in
an
automobile.
3．By
the
early
18th
century,
the
wine
was
designed
to
be
kept
for
years,
not
months,
________
(notable)
by
being
carefully
sealed
up
in
oak
casks.
4．You
have
got
to
think
that
they
are
different
________
(substance)
and
that
is
a
very
substantial
claim.
5．We
found
out
that
a
Jordanian
boy
holds
________
record
in
the
guinness
book
of
world
records
and
he
is
65
centimetres
tall.
6．Then,
at
a
________
(deep)
of
3,000
feet,
the
telephone
stopped
working
and
they
were
quite
cut
off
from
the
outside
world.
7．Such
matters
are
________
the
reach
of
the
law.
8．________
(sit)
in
the
armchair
is
an
old
man
in
his
eighties.
9．________
(remind)
not
to
miss
the
flight
at
15：20,
the
manager
set
out
for
the
airport
in
a
hurry.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Lying
under
waters
across
the
globe
are
an
estimated
three
million
shipwrecks.
All
of
them
represent
attempts
over
the
centuries
1.________
(explore)
Earth's
furthest
corners.
Given
our
limited
knowledge,
it
is
perhaps
no
surprise
that
exploration
of
the
oceans
continues
to
lead
to
discoveries
in
various
2.________
(science)
fields.
Many
archaeological
finds
3.________
(make)
in
shallow
waters
near
the
coast.
Amazing
biological
discoveries
are
also
being
made.
These
discoveries
all
help
us
understand
4.________
capacity
for
life
on
our
planet,
even
in
the
most
extreme
circumstances.
Furthermore,
the
oceans
are
a
valuable
source
of
natural
resources,
some
of
5.________
are
completely
new
to
us.
The
research
6.________
(conduct)
by
underwater
vessels
is
giving
scientists
a
greater
understanding
of
how
the
sea
bed
was
formed,
as
well
as
helping
identify
areas
for
deep?sea
drilling,
7.________
(take)
deep?sea
exploration
into
a
whole
new
era.
Being
a
tough
environment
of
complete
8.________
(dark),
enormous
pressure
and
intense
cold,
the
ocean
depths
have
long
been
beyond
the
reach
of
human
exploration.
Humankind
9.________
(enter)
a
new
age
of
oceanic
discovery
now,
and
the
world
beneath
the
waves
may
one
day
be
almost
as
familiar
10.________
us
as
the
land
we
walk
upon
today.
Section
Ⅲ Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．shipwreck 2.coral 3.millimetre 4.trench 5.furthermore
6．substance 7.vessel 8.vol(＝volume)
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．archaeological archaeology archaeologist 2.upwards downwards 3.equivalent equivalence 4.notable notably
5．drilling drill
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．set
sail 2.if
any 3.off
the
coast 4.up
to 5.be
equivalent
to 6.at
depths
of 7.hold
the
record
for 8.intense
cold 9.beyond
the
reach
of 10.open
up
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Lying 2.Believed
文本研析·语篇理解
1．A 2.B 3.B 4.D
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①set
sail
for ②the
ship
set
sail
2．①improving/to
improve ②with ③living ④to
thank
3．①to ②giving
4．①for ②of ③broke
the
world
record ④set
a
new
record
5．①of ②of
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①Leading ②Buried ③Lying ④Hidden
2．①Seen ②moved ③Given ④Encouraged ⑤Surrounded
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．shipwreck 2.archaeological 3.coral 4.millimetre 5.upwards 6.trench 7.equivalent 8.stacking 9.Furthermore 10.notable 11.substance 12.vessel 13.drilling
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．set 2.to 3.notably 4.substances 5.a 6.depth 7.beyond 8.Sitting 9.Reminded
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．to
explore 2.scientific 3.are
made 4.the 5.which
6．conducted 7.taking 8.darkness 9.is
entering 10.toUnit
5
Into
the
unknown
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．________
v.
后退；离开；退避
2．________
v.
克制，抑制(情绪)
3．________
n.
逃跑，逃走
4．________
v.
退缩，畏缩
5．________
adj.
地图上没有标明的→________
vt.
记录，跟踪(进展或发展)；计划行动步骤；绘制(区域的)地图n.图表
6．________
v.
探索，探究
7．________
n.
调查→________
v.
调查；研究→________
n.
调查者；侦查员
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________
逃命
2．________________
调查；检查
3．________________
试水；试探
4．________________
避开……，从……处脱身
5．________________
动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
6．________________
积极投入到……中去
7．________________
再三考虑；慎重考虑
8．________________
调查(问题)
Ⅲ.重点句型
有趣的是，正是大脑的后部与我们的视觉有关。
Interestingly,
________________________________________
is
involved
with
our
vision.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．check
out调查；检查；办理退房手续
check
in
托运(在旅馆、机场等)办理登记手续/办理入住手续
check
into
登记入住……，调查
check
out
(of...)
办理退房手续；结账退房
check
over
仔细检查；核查
?Where
can
I
check
in？我可以在哪儿办理登记/入住手续？
?At
least
let
me
check
into
a
hotel！至少让我找家酒店住下！
?He
plans
to
check
out
on
Tuesday.
他打算在星期二结账退房。
?They
spent
the
rest
of
the
morning
checking
over
their
equipment.他们用上午余下的时间来仔细检查他们的设备。
[即学即练] 用check的相关短语的正确形式填空
①Guests
should
________________
(结账退房)
their
rooms
before
noon.
②We
are
going
to
________________
(办理入住)
on
Friday,
and
________________
(结账退房)
on
Sunday.
③You
should
________________
(仔细检查)
your
homework
carefully
before
handing
it
in.
2．steer
clear
of避开……；从……处脱身
A
lot
of
people
steer
clear
of
these
sensitive
issues.
很多人都会回避这些敏感问题。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
They
managed
to
steer
clear
________
the
danger.
3．advance
v．前进；发展；促进；提前 n.
[C]前进；进展
in
advance
(of
sth.)
预先；提前；(在某事)发生之前
advanced
adj.
先进的，高级的
?We
have
advanced
greatly
in
our
knowledge
of
the
universe.
我们对宇宙的认识有了很大进步。
?With
the
advance
of
technology,
it
becomes
more
convenient
for
us
to
communicate
with
our
relatives
whenever
and
wherever
we
are.随着科技的发展，随时随地和我们的亲人交流变得更加方便了。
?When
students
were
told
my
rule
in
advance
of
the
class,
some
of
them
were
not
happy.当学生在课前得知了我的规定后，他们中的一些人感到不快。
?This
meeting
room
is
a
non?smoking
area.
I'd
like
to
warn
you
in
advance
that
if
you
smoke
here
you
will
be
fined.这间会议室是无烟区域。我得提前警告你：如果你在这儿吸烟，你将会被罚款。
?To
catch
the
early
flight,
we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预约了出租车，而且起得很早。
?This
is
the
most
advanced
type
of
engine
available.
这是现有的最先进的发动机。
?There
were
only
three
of
us
on
the
advanced
course.
只有我们三人学高级课程。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It
will
be
cheaper
if
you
book
the
ticket
________
advance.
②Thanks
to
the
________
(advance)
technology,
we
live
in
an
age
of
better
communication.
③Germany
is
one
of
the
most
________
(advance)
industrial
countries
of
the
world.
④Not
having
fixed
the
time
to
pay
him
a
visit
________
advance,
I
can't
meet
him
now.
⑤Galileo's
ideas
were
well
________________________
(领先于)
the
age
in
which
he
lived.
⑥“As
long
as
you
pay
________________
(预先),
we
won't
charge
for
delivery，”
the
shopkeeper
said
to
the
customer.
⑦__________________________
(随着医学的进步),
more
and
more
illnesses
can
be
cured.
4．involve
vt.需要；涉及；(使)参加；加入
involve
doing
sth.
需要做某事
involve
oneself
in
sth.
参与某事
involve
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.
让某人参与(做)某事
involved
adj.
参与的；涉及的；专心于……的；与……有密切关联的
get
involed
介入；加入；参与
involvement
n.
参与；加入；插手；耗费时间；投入；沉迷
?Running
a
kitchen
involves
discipline
and
speed.
管理厨房需要讲究纪律和速度。
?The
job
involves
me
travelling
all
over
the
country.
这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。
?How
many
vehicles
were
involved
in
the
crash?
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？
?Parents
should
involve
themselves
in
their
children's
education.父母应当参与他们孩子的教育。
?She
really
didn't
want
to
be
involved
in
the
whole
family
thing.她实在不想卷入所有的家事中。
?She
was
deeply
involved
with
the
local
hospital.
她曾全心投入当地医院。
?We
are
keen
that
our
school
should
get
involved
too.
我们非常希望我们学校也参与其中。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It
benefited
me
a
lot
to
preview
lessons,
get
actively
________
(involve)
in
class,
and
review
what
had
been
taught
after
class.
②The
young
man
________
(involve)
in
studying
paid
no
attention
to
the
outside
world.
③In
modern
education,
I
think,
students
should
be
________
(involve)
in
various
activities,
especially
those
where
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
④Ben
has
always
felt
a
strong
________
(involve)
with
animals.
⑤Deep
down,
she
supported
her
husband's
________
(involve)
in
the
organisation.
5．conduct
vi.
&
vt.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏) vt.实施；进行；引导 n．行为；管理方法
conduct
a
survey/an
experiment/a
test/an
interview
进行调查/实验/测试/面试
conduct
sb.
to
some
place
把某人领到某地
conduct
a
concert
指挥一场音乐会
conductor
n.
指挥者；售票员
?The
police
officers
decided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
comprehensive
review
of
the
case.
警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。
?The
guide
conducted
us
around
the
ruins
of
the
ancient
city.
导游带领我们游览了古城遗迹。
?In
a
recent
study,
Professor
Betsy
Sparrow
conducted
some
experiments.
在最近的一项研究中，贝齐·斯帕罗教授做了一些实验。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①他把观众带到了他们的座位上。
He
________
the
audience
to
their
seats.
②听到他被选中指挥这场音乐会，他感到非常紧张。
Hearing
he
was
chosen
to
________________________，
he
felt
very
nervous.
③为了弄清楚电脑为什么如此重要，我决定做个实验。
To
find
out
why
computers
are
so
important,
I've
decided
to
________________________.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材P55)Interestingly,
it
is
the
back
part
of
the
brain
that
is
involved
with
our
vision.有趣的是，正是大脑的后部与我们的视觉有关。
[句式分析] It
is/was...that/who...强调句
(1)为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会对该部分进行强调。英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型：It
is/was...that/who...强调句型，它可以强调除谓语以外的句子成分，如主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等；强调人时，用who或that，其他情况用that。
?It
was
they
that/who
cleaned
the
classroom
yesterday.
昨天是他们打扫的教室。(强调主语)
?It
was
in
the
small
house
that
he
spent
his
childhood.
就是在这所小房子里他度过了他的童年时代。(强调地点状语)
(2)It
is/was
not
until...that...是一种特殊的not
until的强调句型。
?It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realised
she
was
a
famous
film
star.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
[特别注意] 要判断一句话是否为强调句，只需要把It
is/was...that/who...去掉，如果句子依然成立，即句子的结构和语意均完整，则该句子就是强调句，反之则不是。
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句写作
①It
was
________
the
private
company
successfully
launched
astronauts
into
space
________
I
knew
it
would
open
up
more
opportunitites
for
the
space
industry.
②________________
not
until
the
29th
Olympic
Games
was
hosted
in
China
________
the
world
completely
experienced
the
charm
of
Chinese
culture.
③我母亲昨天是在街上遇到了汤姆。
________________________________________________________________________
④昨天直到12点我才上床睡觉。
________________________________________________________________________
Discovering
Useful
Structures
Grammar——名词性从句
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．That
he
is
still
alive
is
sheer
luck.
2．The
trouble
is
that
she
has
lost
her
purse.
3．John
said
that
he
was
setting
out
for
London
on
Wednesday.
4．Whether
there
is
life
on
the
moon
is
an
interesting
question.
5．Do
you
know
whom
they
are
looking
for?
6．Whoever
breaks
the
rules
will
be
punished.
7．It's
a
pity
that
you
have
to
leave.
8．It
is
not
yet
decided
who
will
do
that
job.
9．I
like
it
when
people
are
open
and
straight.
10．I
don't
know
who
did
it.
11．The
reason
is
that
it
is
raining.
12．The
fact
that
he
will
go
abroad
makes
me
glad.
13．She
made
a
promise
that
she
would
look
after
her
parents.
[共性呈现]
1．画线部分均为名词性从句；
2．句1、4、6、7、8均为主语从句；
3．句2、11均为表语从句；
4．句3、5、9、10均为宾语从句；
5．句12、13均为同位语从句。
[语法精释]
名词性从句
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句应用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连词可以分为三类：①连接词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；②连接代词：what,
whatever,
who,
whoever,
whom,
whose,
which,
whichever；③连接副词：when，whenever，where，wherever，how，why。
1．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，将主语从句放在句末。
?What
he
intended
to
show
us
was
a
small
stamp.
他想给我们看的东西是一小张邮票。
?Whoever
answers
the
question
will
be
rewarded
with
a
flower.
任何一个回答问题的人将被奖励一朵花。
?It
is
suggested
that
the
meeting(should)be
put
off.
有人建议推迟会议。
2．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词之后。
?We
hope
that
you
will
enjoy
your
stay
here.我们希望您在这里过得愉快。(that引导宾语从句，作动词hope的宾语)
?We
will
give
you
some
advice
on
how
you
can
pass
the
exam.我们会给你一些关于你如何通过考试的建议。(how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语)
?We
are
certain
that
this
is
true.我们确信这是真的。(that引导宾语从句，作形容词certain的宾语)
3．表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，位于连系动词之后。
?The
book
is
where
you
placed
it.
书就在你放它的地方。
?His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
buy
a
car.
他的建议是我们买一辆车。
4．同位语从句
一个抽象名词后接一个从句对它进行解释说明，这个从句就是同位语从句。同位语从句通常由连接词that引导，不能省略，也可由连接代词what，who，which，连接副词where，when，how，why引导。同位语从句常放在抽象名词后，常见的可接同位语从句的抽象名词有：
fact,
news,
message,
information,
idea,
hope,
order,
belief,
suggestion，reply,
doubt,
thought等。
?Have
you
got
the
news
that
Chinese
football
team
could
enter
the
final？你听说中国足球队可以进入决赛的消息了吗？
?There
is
no
doubt
that
the
world
will
be
better
and
better.
毫无疑问，世界会越来越好。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Darwin
wondered
a
great
deal
about
________
he
saw.
②It's
time
to
start
by
reading
aloud
to
________
might
like
it.
③Actually,
children
learn
violent
behaviour
from
adults
or
from
________
they
see
on
television
or
on
the
Internet.
④Do
you
know
________
a
story
gets
into
print?
Here
is
an
example.
⑤Many
people
say
they
are
impressed
by
how
interesting
the
show
is
and
________
they
can't
stop
laughing
when
they
watch
it.
⑥Some
people
told
stories
about
old
times,
and
others
wrote
down
________
they
remembered.
⑦Much
of
the
value
of
mistakes
comes
from
the
fact
________
they
demand
a
cost
that
must
be
paid.
⑧After
________
seemed
to
be
a
hundred
years,
I
found
my
audience
applauding—I
made
it!
单句语法填空
A．词汇句式专练
1．Now,
if
time
and
money
are
making
it
impossible,
then
check
________
the
online
college
fairs
at
CollegeWeekLive.
2．A
French
tourist
highly
praised
for
rescuing
a
two?year?old
girl
in
Manhattan
said
he
didn't
think
________
(two)
before
diving
into
the
freezing
East
River.
3．You
will
be
anxious
if
you
set
________
for
a
dinner
late.
4．Despite
the
celebrations,
though,
in
the
U．S.
the
jazz
audience
continues
________
(shrink)
and
grow
older,
and
the
music
has
failed
to
connect
with
younger
generations.
5．As
scientists
look
deeper
________
our
genes,
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
B．语法专练
1．But
the
bottom
line
is
________
I
shouldn't
lie
to
my
kids.
2．And
that's
________
makes
the
act
of
rereading
so
rich
and
transformative.
3．I
have
a
very
strong
fear
________
the
lie
we're
telling
is
doing
spiritual
damage
to
our
children.
4．They
eventually
learned
________
the
painting
they
owned
was
called
“The
Girl
with
Two
Chairs”．
5．The
good
news
is
________
it's
simple
to
learn
and
can
be
worth
the
effort.
6．The
beauty
of
rereading
lies
in
the
idea
________
our
bond
with
the
work
is
based
on
our
present
mental
register.
7．It's
been
reported
________
76
percent
of
employees
in
some
western
countries
are
using
emojis
at
work.
8．The
student
completed
this
experiment
to
make
come
true
________
Professor
Joseph
had
said.
9．It
is
not
a
problem
________
we
can
win
the
battle;
it's
just
a
matter
of
time.
10．________
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
where
they
go.
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．retreat 2.subdue 3.getaway 4.shrink 5.uncharted chart 6.delve 7.investigation investigate investigator
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．run
for
one's
life 2.check
out 3.test
the
waters 4.steer
clear
of 5.set
out 6.throw
oneself
into 7.think
twice 8.look
into
Ⅲ.重点句型
it
is
the
back
part
of
the
brain
that
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①check
out
of ②check
in check
out ③check
over
2．of
3．①in ②advanced ③advanced ④in ⑤in
advance
of ⑥in
advance ⑦With
the
advance
in
medical
science/As
medical
science
advances
4．①involved ②involved ③involved ④involvement ⑤involvement
5．①conducted ②conduct
the
concert ③conduct
an
experiment
?第二版块|重点句型解构
①when that ②It
was that ③It
was
in
the
street
that
my
mother
met
Tom
yesterday. ④It
was
not
until
12
o'clock
that
I
went
to
bed
yesterday.
Grammar——名词性从句
语法精讲·难点透析
①what ②whoever ③what ④how ⑤that ⑥what ⑦that ⑧what
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
A.
1．out 2.twice 3.out 4.to
shink 5.into
B.
1．that 2.what 3.that 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.whether 10.WhatUnit
5
Into
the
unknown
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
v.
(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
2．________
n.
金字塔
3．________
n.
运河
4．________
n.
衰败
5．________
n.
残垣断壁，废墟
6．________
v.
离弃，逃离
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
n．文明(社会)→________
v．开化，使文明
2．________
v．将……埋在下面→________
n．葬礼
3．________
n．天文学→________
n．天文学家
4．________
adj.来自热带的；产于热带的→________
n．热带地区
5．________
v．拒绝考虑，否定→________
n．免职，解除，不予考虑
6．________
n．扩大；增加→________
v．扩展，扩大
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________
通过对比
2．________________
相当于，与……相符
3．________________
以……为基础
4．________________
把……应用到……上
5．________________
最重要的是
6．________________
处于顶峰，达到顶峰
7．________________
被……重新夺回/占领
8．________________
衰落，败落
9．________________
被……包围
10．________________
扮演了……的角色
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．事实上玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。
The
fact
________________
Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive
makes
its
achievements
all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious.
2．它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，留下了各种各样的谜团，待后人去解开。
Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin,
________________
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．William
Gadoury
thought
he
had
found
the
surprising
discovery
by
studying
________.
A．ancient
star
charts
B．the
positions
of
the
stars
C．the
locations
of
the
Maya
cities
D．a
map
of
the
jungle
2．Why
has
no
one
yet
been
able
to
fully
explain
the
Maya
writing
system?
A．It
was
too
mysterious.
B．It
was
too
complicated.
C．It
was
too
precise.
D．It
was
too
impractical.
3．What
happened
in
the
early
sixteenth
century?
A．The
Maya
lived
a
primitive
life.
B．The
Maya
lived
in
the
jungle.
C．Europeans
arrived
in
Central
America.
D．The
Maya
civilisation
reached
its
peak.
4．What
made
the
Maya
people
reduce
their
ability
to
deal
with
natural
disasters?
A．Not
following
the
laws
of
nature
to
change
the
landscape.
B．The
growth
of
the
Maya
population.
C．A
deadly
disease
that
occurred
among
people.
D．Conflicts
between
foreign
nationalities
and
local
people.
5．What
do
scientists
think
was
the
main
reason
the
Maya
civilisation
began
to
collapse?
A．The
speed
of
development
was
too
fast.
B．Cutting
down
trees.
C．The
drought.
D．Tropical
cyclones.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.correspond
vi.符合，一致；相应；通信
(1)correspond
to
相当于，与……相符
(2)correspond
with
与……通信；与……相符
?Now
I
have
a
list
of
albums
that
correspond
to
what
the
user
thinks
he
wants.
我现在拥有了用户认为他想要的对应的唱片列表。
?The
translation
does
not
quite
correspond
to
the
original.译文不切原意。
?I've
been
corresponding
with
several
experts
in
the
field.
我一直在与该领域的几位专家保持通信往来。
?His
actions
do
not
correspond
with
his
words.他言行不一致。
特别提示：
correspond
with/to...与……相符
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Your
account
of
events
does
not
correspond
________
hers.
②I've
been
corresponding
________
several
financial
experts.
2.bury
v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏
bury...in...
把……埋到……里
bury
one's
face/head
in
sth.
把脸/头埋在某物里面
be
buried
in/bury
oneself
in
埋头于……，专心于……
?He
buried
his
face
in
his
hands
and
wept.他双手掩面而泣。
?Mary
is
sitting
on
a
park
bench,
buring
herself
in
her
book.
＝Mary
is
sitting
on
a
park
bench,
buried
in
her
book.
玛丽坐在公园的长椅上，专心致志地看书。
?You
will
have
to
bury
yourself
in
your
studies
if
you
want
to
pass
the
exam.
如果想通过考试，你就得专心致志地学习。
归纳拓展：
“专心于”的其他表达：
be
absorbed
in be
lost
in
be
devoted
to
devote
oneself
to
concentrate
on
focus
on
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________
(bury)
in
his
study,
the
scientist
knew
nothing
about
the
matter.
②The
man
dug
out
some
gold
from
the
canal,
but
he
wondered
where
________
(bury)
it.
③________
(bury)
under
the
ruins,
the
young
man
was
rather
frightened.
④She
________
(bury)
in
the
book;
she
did
not
notice
what
had
happened.
3.dismiss
v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除
dismiss...as...
因认为……而不予考虑
dismiss...from
one's
mind
从头脑中摒除……；不再考虑……
dismiss
sb.
from
sth.
解除某人……职务
dismiss
sb.
for
sth.
因某事解雇某人
?While
we
have
not
dismissed
the
idea,
we
are
looking
into
other
possibilities
as
well.
虽然我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。
?He
dismissed
the
opinion
polls
as
worthless.他认为民意测验毫无用处而不予考虑。
?I
dismissed
him
from
my
mind.我不再去想他了。
?He
has
been
dismissed
from
his
post
for
incompetence.
他因无法胜任职位而被解雇。
特别提示：
在日常英式英语中，说“开除”人们一般用sack，在日常美式英语中一般用fire，而不用dismiss。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
professor
________
(dismiss)
as
a
dreamer.
②She
tried
to
dismiss
the
idea
________
her
mind.
③He
________
(dismiss)
the
rumor
that
he
cheated
in
the
exam.
④She
claimed
she
was
unfairly
dismissed
________
her
post.
4.apply
v．申请；应用
apply...to...(to是介词)
把……应用到……上；把……粘在/涂抹到……
apply
oneself
to
(doing)．..
致力于……；专心于……
apply
to...
适用于……
apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
(向某人)申请某物
applicant
n.
申请者
application
n.
应用；用途；申请
?The
new
technology
was
applied
to
the
farming
industry.
这项新技术被应用于农业。
?Later
I
decided
to
apply
my
previous
experience
to
learning
how
to
read
and
write.
后来，我决定把以前的经验应用到学习怎样读和写上。
?Over
the
next
months,
he
applied
himself
to
improving
the
technique.
在接下来的几个月里，他一门心思改进技术。
?The
rule
applies
to
everyone.这条规则适用于每个人。
?He
has
applied
to
the
company
for
a
job.
他已向那家公司申请一份工作。
语境助记：
This
smart
keyboard
precisely
measures
the
cadence
with
which
one
types
and
the
pressure
fingers
apply
to
each
key.
这款智能键盘精确地测量了一个人打字的节奏和手指按压每个键的力度。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
had
applied
________
several
universities
and
got
an
offer
yesterday.
②The
old
rules
have
to
be
revised
because
they
only
applied
________
the
circumstances
that
existed
when
they
were
made
a
hundred
years
ago.
③Recently
he
has
been
applying
himself
to
________
(assist)
his
professor
in
the
development
of
new
equipment.
5.on
top
of在……之上；除……之外
on
top
of
all
最重要的是
on
top
of
that
除此之外；除那以外；并且
on
top
of
the
world
欢天喜地；心满意足；非常自豪
?He
gets
commission
on
top
of
his
salary.他除了薪金之外还拿佣金。
?On
top
of
that,
several
other
benefits
are
being
offered.
除此以外，还有其他一些好处。
?There
should
be
an
envelope
on
top
of
the
fridge.冰箱上面应该有一个信封。
语境助记：
On
top
of
that,
most
of
the
3D
food
printers
now
are
restricted
to
dry
ingredients...
除此之外，现在大多数3D食品打印机仅限于干燥的原料……
[即学即练] 完成句子
①They
stood
________________________
(小山之巅),
drinking
in
the
beauty
of
the
garden
city.
②We
missed
our
flight,
and
__________________________
(除……之外)
that
we
had
to
wait
seven
hours
for
the
next
one.
6.abandon
v．离弃，逃离 n．放任；放纵
(1)abandon
oneself
to...
沉湎于
(2)abandoned
adj.
废弃的，被丢弃的；被抛弃的，被遗弃的
an
abandoned
house
废弃的房子
an
abandoned
child
弃儿
?The
crew
prepared
to
abandon
the
ship
in
an
orderly
fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
?The
baby
was
abandoned
by
its
mother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
?As
a
student,
you
shouldn't
abandon
yourself
to
Internet
games.
作为学生你不应该沉迷于网络游戏。
语境助记：
These
plans
were
abandoned
because
of
financial
problems.
因为经济方面的原因，这些计划被终止了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
were
sinking
fast,
and
the
captain
gave
the
order
________
(abandon)
ship.
②Mary
had
intended
to
take
a
job
in
business,
but
________
(abandon)
that
plan
after
the
unpleasant
experience.
③At
the
entrance
to
the
hospital,
I
was
surprised
to
see
a
baby
girl
________
(abandon)
by
her
parents.
7.ruin
n．[C]残垣断壁，废墟(常用复数)；[U]毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
fall
into
ruin/go
to
ruin
(因无人照料而)衰落，败落
be/lie
in
ruins
成为废墟，破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉
leave
sth.
in
ruins
使……成为废墟
?The
dry
climate
of
Egypt
has
helped
to
preserve
the
pyramids,
and
their
very
shape
has
made
them
less
likely
to
fall
into
ruin.
埃及干燥的气候帮助保存了金字塔，而它们的形状也使它们不太可能倒塌。
?The
economy
was
in
ruins
after
the
war.战后经济完全陷于崩溃之中。
?Years
of
fighting
have
left
the
area
in
ruins.多年的战事已经使这个地区满目疮痍。
?The
whole
town
was
ruined
by
the
heavy
storm
last
night.昨晚的暴风雨毁坏了整个城镇。
语境助记：
When
they
returned
to
Rocka?way
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.
第二天，当他们回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已经成了一片废墟。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Carl
cares
about
nothing
and
has
let
the
old
house
________________________
(败落下去)．
②With
time
going
on,
the
castle
which
once
was
very
beautiful
is
now
completely
________________________
(一片废墟)．
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P50)The
fact
that
Maya
society
was
technologically
primitive
makes
its
achievements
all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious.
事实上玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句，其中that引导同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，不能省略；makes
its
achievements
all
the
more
incredible
and
mysterious为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
(1)同位语从句通常跟在answer,
hope,
fact,
truth,
belief,
news,
idea,
promise,
doubt,
information,
conclusion,
order,
suggestion,
thought,
report,
decision,
opinion,
theory,
resolution,
fear,
demand,
wish等抽象名词后面，对其内容进行解释说明。
?We
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
?He
referred
to
Copernicus'
statement
that
the
earth
moves
round
the
sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
(2)在某些名词(如demand,
wish,
suggestion,
order,
proposal,
resolution,
advice等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。
?They
expressed
the
wish
that
she
(should)
accept
the
award.
他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
名师点津：
that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的区别：
定语从句是形容词性从句，对先行词进行修饰、限定，关系代词that在从句中作主语或宾语；同位语从句是名词性从句，对名词进行解释、补充说明，连接词that只起连接主句与从句的作用，在句中不充当任何成分。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I've
come
to
the
conclusion
________
it
was
unwise
to
do
that.
②They
were
faced
with
the
demand
________
this
tax
be
abolished.
③The
news
________
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
next
year.
④The
suggestion
that
the
new
rule
________________
(adopt)
come
from
the
chairman.
2.(教材P51)Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin,
leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁于一旦，留下了各种各样的谜团，待后人去解开。
[句式分析] 本句中leaving
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。
现在分词短语作结果状语的注意事项：
(1)这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面的整个句子。因而，在前一种情况下现在分词短语相当于由and连接的并列谓语；在后一种情况下现在分词短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
?At
the
age
of
three
his
mother
died,
leaving
him
an
orphan.＝...and
left
him
an
orphan.
他三岁时母亲去世，使他成了孤儿。
(2)句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。
?Winter
in
India
sets
in
November
and
continues
until
February,
permitting
the
cultivation
of
wheat.印度的冬季从11月开始延续至下年的2月，所以可以种小麦。
(3)表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用一个逗号隔开，现在分词短语前有时可加上副词
thus或thereby(因而，因此)等。
?Carbon
burns
in
oxygen
or
air,
thereby
forming
carbon
dioxide.
碳在氧或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
名师点津：
现在分词短语和不定式短语作结果状语的区别：
现在分词短语作结果状语表示一种合乎情理的，顺其自然的结果；而不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用only，以加强“意想不到”的语气。
I
rushed
to
the
station
in
a
hurry,
only
to
find
the
train
had
already
gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，不料火车已经开走了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mary
failed
all
her
exams,
________
(make)
her
parents
very
angry.
②European
football
is
played
in
more
than
80
countries,
________
(make)
it
one
of
the
most
popular
games
in
the
world.
③The
child
slipped
and
fell,
________
(hit)
his
head
against
the
door.
④Her
husband
died
ten
years
ago,
________
(leave)
her
with
three
children
to
look
after.
⑤Their
car
was
caught
in
a
traffic
jam,
thus
________
(cause)
the
delay.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Mr
Smith,
a
sinologist,
is
very
interested
in
Chinese
________
(文明),
so
he
went
to
China
in
the
1950s.
2．The
novelty
of
the
situation
________
(激起……的兴趣)
the
chairwoman
of
the
company.
3．The
miners
were
________
(将……埋在下面)
alive
when
the
tunnel
collapsed.
4．The
stones
could
be
brought
nearer
to
the
________
(金字塔)
building
site
by
boat.
5．A
________
(神秘的)
illness
arising
from
a
mosquito
is
affecting
the
local
people.
6．Large
trees,
along
with
undergrowth,
had
rooted
in
the
________
(运河)
bank.
7．He
made
up
his
mind
to
specialize
in
________
(来自热带的)
medicine.
8．The
crisis
led
to
the
________
(衰败)
of
the
enormous
kingdom.
9．One
dead
child
was
found
in
the
________
(残垣断壁，废墟)
almost
two
hours
after
the
explosion.
10．He
gave
the
rational
order
to
________
(离弃)
the
ship
because
it
was
sinking.
11．A
furious
Mr
King
________
(拒绝考虑)
this
suggestion
out
of
hand.
12．Despite
the
recession,
the
manufacturer
is
confident
of
further
________
(扩张)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When
these
organisms
die,
they
bury
carbon
________
the
deep
ocean,
an
important
process
that
helps
to
regulate
the
global
climate.
2．This
newness
just
left
me
________
(want)
more.
3．But
the
problem
should
not
________
(dismiss)
out
of
hand,
as
it
has
been
by
some
AI
researchers.
4．In
order
to
pass
the
class,
among
other
criteria,
we
had
to
write
a
paper
on
how
we
plan
to
apply
what
we
would
learn
in
class
________
our
future
professions
and,
eventually,
to
our
lives.
5．________
top
of
that,
most
of
the
3D
food
printers
now
are
restricted
to
dry
ingredients,
because
meat
and
milk
products
may
easily
go
bad.
6．Wang
collected
more
than
7
million
________
(abandon)
bricks
of
different
ages.
7．Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
________
(ruin)
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
8．The
young
man
abandoned
himself
________
despair.
9．This
university
is
undergoing
________
(expand)
to
reach
admission
of
more
students.
10．Fifteen
million
trees
had
been
blown
down
by
the
wild
winds,
________
(block)
roads,
paths
and
railway
lines.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
secrets
of
Ancient
Maya
civilisation
are
powerful
among
people.
Maya
civilisation
1.________
(surround)
by
mystery
since
its
rediscovery
in
the
19th
century.
The
Maya
built
2.________
(impress)
palaces
and
temples,
including
their
representative
step
pyramids.
But
the
greatest
mystery
of
all
is
what
caused
the
Maya
3.________
(abandon)
most
of
their
great
cities.
Some
research
seems
to
indicate
that
the
Maya
people
themselves
may
have
played
4.________
part
in
their
downfall.
Owing
to
the
5.________
(change)
landscape,
it
is
possible
that
the
Maya
people
unknowingly
reduced
their
6.________
(able)
to
deal
with
natural
disasters.
Research
also
suggests
that
those
natural
disasters
may
have
led
to
the
decline
7.________
the
Maya.
These
droughts
would
have
led
to
food
shortages,
conflicts
and,
ultimately,
the
downfall
of
the
cities.
8.________
the
reasons,
Maya
civilisation
9.________
(large)
disappeared
within
the
deep
jungle.
Its
once?great
cities
fell
into
ruin,
10.________
(leave)
various
mysteries
for
later
people
to
solve.
Meanwhile,
the
rise
and
fall
of
this
civilisation
must
also
leave
us
thinking
about
our
own
past,
present
and
future.
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．intrigue 2.pyramid 3.canal 4.downfall 5.ruin 6.abandon
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．civilisation civilize 2.bury burial 3.astronomy astronomer 4.tropical tropic 5.dismiss dismission 6.expansion expand
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．through
comparison 2.correspond
to 3.(be)
based
on
4．apply...to... 5.on
top
of
all 6.at
one's
peak 7.be
taken
back
8．fall
into
ruin 9.be
surrounded
by 10.play
a
part
in
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．that 2.leaving
文本研析·语篇理解
1．A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①with/to ②with
2．①Buried ②to
bury ③Buried ④was
buried
3．①was
dismissed ②from ③dismissed ④from
4．①to ②to ③assisting
5．①at
the
top
of
the
hill ②on
top
of
6．①to
abandon ②abandoned ③abandoned
7．①fall
into
ruin/go
to
ruin ②in
ruins
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①that ②that ③that ④(should)
be
adopted
2．①making ②making ③hitting ④leaving ⑤causing
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．civilisation 2.intrigued 3.buried 4.pyramid 5.mysterious
6．canal 7.tropical 8.downfall 9.ruins 10.abandon 11.dismissed 12.expansion
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．in 2.wanting 3.be
dismissed 4.to 5.On 6.abandoned
7．ruining 8.to 9.expansion 10.blocking
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．has
been
surrounded 2.impressive 3.to
abandon 4.a
5．changed 6.ability 7.of 8.Whatever 9.largely 10.leaving
