Unit
4
Everyday
economics
Section
Ⅳ Writing——正反观点议论文
[技法指导]
1．文体介绍
正反观点型文章，也称观点对比型文章，属于议论文的一种。文章通过讨论某种现象或剖析某种事物来论述道理、发表意见或提出主张。作者往往从两方面阐明观点，一方面是通过摆事实、讲道理以及给论据来辩证地说明某种现象，另一方面则是简单地陈述自己的观点。
这种体裁的文章，观点明确，句式较为整齐。在时态方面，陈述正反两方面观点时常用一般现在时，并且人称以第三人称为主。
2．篇章结构
这种类型的文章一般可分为四段：
第一段：开门见山，引入话题；
第二段：列举正方(一方)观点及理由；
第三段：列举反方(另一方)观点及理由；
第四段：表明自己的观点。
3．常用表示
Recently,
we've
had
a
hot
discussion
about...
最近，我们就……进行了热烈的讨论。
Opinions
are
divided
on
the
topic.
在这个问题上，人们的意见存在分歧。
People
take
different
views
on
this
problem.
人们对这个问题有不同的看法。
People
who
are
for/against
the
idea
think
that...
赞成/反对这一观点的人认为……
However,
...hold
a
different
view/the
opposite
opinion.
然而，……持有一种不同的/相反的观点。
However,
each
coin
has
two
sides.
然而，事物都有两面性。
People
who
are
against
it
don't
think
so.
反对它的人不这么认为。
From
my
point
of
view，...
在我看来，……
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
am
for/in
favour
of
the
former/latter
view.
就我而言，我赞成前一/后一种观点。
[精品展示]
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Ben来信询问你对学生上网交友的看法。请你用英文给他回一封信，介绍人们的观点并表达自己的看法。要点包括：
1．赞成的理由：可广交朋友、自由表达思想；
2．反对的理由：浪费时间、影响学习；
3．你的看法。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[审题谋篇]
第一步：确定时态
该写作为观点议论文，应以一般现在时为主。
第二步：确定段落
首段：简要写出文章的写作背景。
中段：介绍议论双方的观点，可集中于一段中，可以分两段阐述。
尾段：介绍自己的观点。
第三步：提炼要点
1．________________
和某人分享……
2．________________
交朋友
3．________________
浪费时间
4．________________
至于；对于
第四步：句式升级
我认为学生应该把学习、健康和安全放在其它事情的前面。
(一般表达)I
think
that
students
should
place
their
study,
health
and
safety
before
other
things.
(高级表达)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.(用it作形式主语升级为主语从句)
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section
Ⅳ Writing——正反观点议论文
[审题谋篇]
第三步
1．share
with
sb.
sth. 2.make
friends 3.a
waste
of
time 4.as
for
第四步
It
is
my
opinion
that
students
should
place
their
study,
health
and
safety
before
other
things
[连句成篇]
Dear
Ben，
I'm
glad
to
receive
your
letter.
It's
my
pleasure
to
share
with
you
my
opinion
about
whether
students
should
make
friends
online.
Some
people
say
yes.
The
Internet
helps
make
many
friends.
Chatting
online,
students
can
express
their
feelings
and
opinions
more
freely.
Others,
however,
think
students
should
not.
They
believe
making
friends
online
is
a
waste
of
time,
which
should
be
spent
more
meaningfully
on
study.
It
is
my
opinion
that
students
should
place
their
study,
health
and
safety
before
other
things.
As
for
friendship,
they
can
readily
find
it
among
their
classmates
and
other
people
around
them.
Yours，
Li
HuaUnit
4
Everyday
economics
Section
Ⅲ Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
2．________
v.
(短期的)租用，租借
3．________
adv.
因此，由此
4．________
n.
滥用
5．________
n.
偷窃，偷盗
6．________
n.
(女式)钱包
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→________
adj.悲伤的，悲哀的
2．________
n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧→________
v．挫败；使懊丧；使沮丧→________
adj.懊恼的；沮丧的，失意的
3．________
n．费用，花费→________
adj.昂贵的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________
提醒某人做某事
2．________________
对……有益处
3．________________
呈现；开始具有
4．________________
突然开始成功
5．________________
名牌服装
6．________________
出租(房屋，房间，土地等)
7．________________
削减，减少
8．________________
情况常常如此
9．________________
利用
10．________________
以损害……为代价
11．________________
和……相关
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．明天不用带我自己的！
________________
bring
my
own
tomorrow!
2．尽管如此，毫无疑问的是，共享经济与我们的日常生活以及全球经济的关系越来越密切。
Nonetheless,
________
is
in
no
doubt
________
the
sharing
economy
is
increasingly
relevant
to
our
daily
lives
as
well
as
to
the
global
economy.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What's
the
writer's
attitude
to
the
sharing
economy?
A．Doubtful.
B．Fositive.
C．Negative.
D．Indifferent.
2．Which
is
wrong
about
the
sharing
economy
according
to
the
passage?
A．It
benefits
the
two
sides
of
dealing.
B．It
encourages
people
to
reuse
things.
C．It
can
do
good
to
environment.
D．It
is
developing
so
fast
that
it
doesn't
need
supervising.
3．How
many
benefits
of
the
sharing
economy
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．3.
B．4.
C．5.
D．6.
4．Which
is
not
included
in
personal
information?
A．Our
names.
B．Our
addresses.
C．Our
shopping
preference.
D．Our
friends.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.sorrow
n．[C]令人悲伤的事，不幸；[U]悲伤，悲痛
share
one's
joys
and
sorrows
与某人同甘共苦
to
one's
sorrow
令某人悲伤的是
express
one's
sorrow
表达某人的悲伤
?The
sorrows
of
her
earlier
years
gave
way
to
joy
in
later
life.
她早年的不幸被晚年的快乐所取代。
?To
his
sorrow,
they
were
unwilling
to
cooperate
with
him.
令他悲伤的是，他们不愿与他合作。
?Words
cannot
express
my
sorrow.
语言不能表达我的悲伤。
语境助记：
①Dance
expresses
love
and
hate,
joy
and
sorrow,
life
and
death,
and
everything
else
in
between.
舞蹈表达爱与恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及介于两者之间的一切。
②Much
to
the
family's
surprise,
Dennis
stuck
to
his
promise!
令全家人非常惊讶的是，丹尼斯信守了诺言！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
thinks
that
common
life
is
the
only
subject
of
literary
interest.
The
joys
and
________
(sorrow)
of
the
common
people
are
his
themes.
②________
his
sorrow,
his
grandma
passed
away
last
night.
③The
sorrow
she
felt
________
the
death
of
her
husband
was
almost
too
much
to
bear.
完成句子
④Jack
is
my
true
friend
who
________________________________________________________________________
________________
(与我同甘共苦)．
2.frustration
n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
(1)a
sense
of
frustration
挫败感
(2)frustrate
vt.
使沮丧
frustrating
adj.
令人沮丧的
frustrated
adj.
沮丧的
feel
frustrated
at/with
对……感到沮丧/懊恼
?I
could
sense
his
frustration
at
not
being
able
to
help.
我可以感觉到他因无力帮忙而沮丧。
?I
was
practically
screaming
with
frustration.
我懊恼得几乎要大叫起来。
?It's
frustrating
to
have
to
wait
so
long.
要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
?I
have
times
when
I
feel
frustrated
and
wish
I
could
get
away,
to
anywhere,
just
have
a
look
of
scenery
for
a
minute!
我有时会感到沮丧，希望我能离开，去任何地方，只需看一眼风景就好了！
联想拓展：
很多表示情绪变化的及物动词有两种形容词形式：
?ing形容词
?ed形容词
意义
令人……的
感到……的
用法
常说事物的性质
常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等
举例
amazing
exciting
interesting
surprising
amazed
excited
interested
surprised
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
is
a
sense
of
________
(frustrate)
among
the
players.
②Learning
a
foreign
language
can
be
very
________
(frustrate),
but
it
pays
off.
③The
boy
felt
________
(frustrate)
because
he
didn't
get
permission
from
his
parents.
④It
________
(frustrate)
me
that
I'm
not
able
to
put
any
of
my
ideas
into
practice.
⑤Wang
Peng
sat
in
his
empty
restaurant
feeling
very
________
(frustrate)．
3.take
off突然开始成功；脱下(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；休假
?Her
acting
career
took
off
after
her
TV
appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，演艺事业迅速发展。
?He
took
off
his
clothes
and
got
into
the
shower
room.
他脱掉衣服，进入浴室。
?The
plane
took
off
so
smoothly
that
the
passengers
could
hardly
feel
it.
飞机起飞非常平稳，乘客几乎没有感觉到。
?I've
decided
to
take
a
few
days
off
next
week.
我已决定下周休息几天。
归纳拓展：
take
away拿走；使消失
take
back收回(说错的话)；退回
take
down拿下；写下
take
in吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take
on呈现；雇用；承担
take
over接管；接任
take
out带……出去；提(款)
take
up接受；占据；开始从事(新工作)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
sharing
economy
is
taking
________
in
all
sorts
of
areas.
②Because
of
the
heavy
fog,
the
plane
couldn't
take
________
on
time.
③It
is
reported
that
he
will
take
________
the
company
next
year.
④Don't
be
taken
________
by
his
words—he
is
a
cheat.
⑤After
studying
in
a
medical
college
for
five
years,
Jane
took
________
her
job
as
a
doctor
in
the
countryside.
4.response
n．回答，答复；反应，响应
(1)in
response
to
作为……的回应
make
a
response
作出回应
make
no
response
没有作出回应
(2)respond
v.
回答；响应；反应；反响
respond
to
回答，回复；对……作出反应
respond
to
?The
product
was
developed
in
response
to
customer
demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
?Carl
made
no
response
and
carried
on
with
his
work.
卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。
?How
did
they
respond
to
the
news?
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
名师点津：
respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的；而answer后直接跟宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not
everyone
acts
the
same
________
response
to
events,
and
that
is
why
what
triggers
one
person
may
or
may
not
trigger
another.
②The
patient
has
responded
________
the
treatment
rather
better
than
expected.
完成句子
③These
comments
came
________________________
(作为……的回应)
specific
questions
often
asked
by
local
newsmen.
④He
________________________________
(对……没有回复)
my
letter.
5.hire
v．(短期的)租用，租借；(短期)雇用；聘任
hire
sth.
out
出租某物
hire
oneself
out
(去为别人)打工；受雇
hire
sb.
to
do
sth.
聘请某人做某事
hire
a
car/room/video
租汽车/房间/录像带
?The
company
hires
out
machinery
by
the
day.
公司按日计费出租机械设备。
?We
hired
a
public
relations
consultant
to
help
improve
our
image.
我们聘请了一位公共关系顾问来帮助提升我们的形象。
比较辨析：
hire/employ/rent
hire：短期、临时或一次性“雇用，租用”，宾语是人或物。
hire
a
boat租一条船
employ：长时间“雇用”，宾语多是人。
employ
a
security
officer雇用安全员
rent：长时间“出租；租用”，宾语是房屋、土地等。
rent
a
house
from
sb.租某人的房子
rent
out出租
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Poor
families
don't
have
enough
money
________
(hire)
good
lawyers.
②How
much
do
you
charge
for
hiring
________
a
bicycle
for
a
week?
③He's
decided
to
go
freelance
and
hire
himself
________
as
a
technical
writer.
6.do
a
further
favour再帮个忙；进一步帮助
do
sb.
a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人一个忙
ask
sb.
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙
be
in
favour
of＝be
for
支持
in
one's
favour
对某人有利
?The
current
economy
does
a
further
favour
for
the
development
of
small
businesses.
当前的经济状况对小企业的发展有进一步的帮助。
?Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
tell
Kelly
I
can't
make
it?
你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？
?I'm
in
favour
of
providing
the
homeless
with
food
and
drinking
water.
我支持向无家可归者提供食物和饮用水。
?The
new
rules
should
actually
work
in
your
favour.
新规定实际上应该对你们有利。
特别提示：
①favour还可以作vt.较喜欢，有利于
Fortune
favours
the
bold.天佑勇者。
Most
students
favour
the
plan,
while
the
teachers
are
not
in
favour
of
it.
大多数学生赞成这个计划，而老师不赞成。
②favourable
adj.赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的
She
made
a
favourable
impression
on
his
parents.她给他的父母留下了好印象。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Could
you
do
me
________
favour
and
buy
me
a
single
ticket
to
Beijing?
②Are
you
________
favour
of
his
opinion
that
the
position
of
drivers
will
disappear?
完成句子
③Could
you
________________________________________________
(帮我一个忙)
and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today?
④—Hey,
can
I
________________________________________________________________________
(请你帮个忙)?
—Sure.
What
can
I
do
for
you?
⑤At
present,
one
of
the
arguments
________________________________________________________________________
________________
(支持)
the
new
airport
is
that
it
will
bring
a
lot
of
jobs
to
the
area.
7.expense
n．费用，花费
at
the
expense
of
以损害……为代价
at
one's
expense
由某人付钱
spare
no
expense
(in
doing
sth.)
不惜一切代价(做某事)
at
great/vast
expense
以巨大的代价
?We
are
bound
to
cut
down
on
our
expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
?He
finished
the
job
at
the
expense
of
his
health.
他以健康为代价完成了这项工作。
?I
published
a
book
at
my
own
expense.
我自费出版了一本书。
?The
garden
was
transformed
at
great
expense.
花园改建花了一大笔费用。
?Some
college
students
were
accused
of
sparing
no
expense
in
enjoying
luxury.
有些大学生被指责不惜费用享受奢华。
语境助记：
The
Office
of
Residence
Life
may
change
the
door
lock
combination
at
any
time
at
the
expense
of
the
resident
if
it
is
found
that
the
student
has
shared
the
combination
with
others.
如果发现学生与他人共用门锁组合密码，不管住宿者可能会有什么损失，住宿办公室可以随时更换门锁组合密码。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①One
thousand
dollars
a
month
is
not
a
fortune
but
would
help
cover
my
living
________
(expense)．
②If
it
should
break
down
within
the
first
year,
we
would
repair
it
________
our
expense.
完成句子
③He
built
up
the
business
________________________________________________________________________
________________
(以自己的健康为代价)．
8.abuse
v．&
n．滥用；虐待；辱骂
alcohol/drug
abuse
酗酒/吸毒
an
abuse
of
power/ones's
position
职权滥用
?What
she
did
was
an
abuse
of
her
position
as
a
manager.
她的所作所为是对经理职权的滥用。
?You
are
certainly
at
risk
if
you
are
addicted
to
cigarette
smoking,
alcohol
drinking
or
drug
abuse.
如果你沉迷于吸烟、饮酒或吸毒，那你肯定处境危险。
?He
abused
his
power
to
help
his
family
and
was
put
into
prison
eventually.
他滥用职权帮助家人，最终被关进了监狱。
巧学助记：
[熟]use
用→[生]abuse
滥用
ab?＋normal
adj.正常的→abnormal
adj.不正常的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Under
such
circumstances,
they
are
likely
________
(abuse)
their
power.
②The
president
of
our
institute
was
accused
of
________
(abuse)
his
power.
完成句子
③His
political
reputation
was
ruined
by
his
________________________
(滥用职权)．
④To
our
sorrow,
it
was
________________________________________________________________________
________
(酗酒)
that
ruined
his
fitness
and
his
life.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材P44)No
need
to
bring
my
own
tomorrow!
明天不用带我自己的了！
[句式分析] 本句是一个省略句。补充完整为“There
is
no
need
to
bring
my
own
tomorrow！”。
(1)口语或祈使句中省略主语
Mind
your
own
business！别管闲事！(省略了主语You)
(2)为了避免重复而承前省略
John
is
a
lawyer
and
his
wife
(is)
a
cleaner.
约翰是一名律师，他妻子是一名清洁工。
Let's
do
the
cases.
I'll
read
(the
cases)
and
you'll
type
(the
cases)．
我们来处理案例吧。我来读，你来打字。
She
was
a
lover
of
sports
as
she
had
been
(a
lover
of
sports)
in
her
youth.
她像年轻时一样，是个体育爱好者。
(3)在以if，when，while，though，as，as
if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句中主要动词是be，可将主语和动词be一起省略。
If
(it
is)
possible,
I
will
pay
a
visit
to
you
tomorrow.
如果可能的话，我明天将去拜访你。
The
boy
looked
as
if
(he
were)
afraid
of
nothing.
这男孩看起来好像什么也不怕。
(4)so，nor/neither用来表示“……也一样”时的省略结构
—He
is
a
student.他是一名学生。
—So
am
I．我也是。
—They
haven't
been
there.他们没有去过那里。
—Neither/Nor
have
we.我们也没去过。
(5)一些特殊的省略句型
(There
is)
no
doubt
that... 毫无疑问……
(It
is)
no
wonder
that...
难怪……
(It
is
a)
pity
that...
很遗憾……
(Sb.
had)
better
do
sth.
(某人)最好做某事。
联想拓展：
There
is
no
reason
to
do
sth.没有理由做某事。
There
is
no
hurry
to
do
sth.不要匆忙做某事。
There
is
no
sense/point
in
doing
sth.做某事没有意义。
There
is
no
doubt
that...毫无疑问……
There
is
no
possibility
that...没有可能……
语境助记：
I
spent
part
of
the
money,
and
the
rest
(of
the
money)
I
gave.
我花了一部分钱，其余的给了别人。
[即学即练] 完成句子(用省略形式)
①—Don't
forget
to
come
to
my
birthday
party
tomorrow.
—________________________
(我不会忘记的)．
②—He
is
a
historian.
—________________________
(他妻子也是)．
③________________________________________________________________________
(毫无疑问他会获得一等奖)
in
the
coming
English
contest.
④________________________________________________________________________
(过马路时),
you
can't
be
careful
enough.
⑤________________________
(如果这样的话),
I
won't
go
with
you.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A
toddler
requires
close
________
(监督)
and
firm
control
at
all
times.
2．He
expressed
his
________
(悲痛)
at
what
the
committee
had
done.
3．Sometimes
________
(沮丧)
and
anger
can
boil
over
into
direct
and
violent
action.
4．The
shopkeeper
________
(聘用)
a
few
clerks
to
help
him
run
the
store.
5．I
have
never
been
to
that
city;
________________
(因此)
I
don't
know
much
about
it.
6．It
is
reasonable
to
assume
that
the
local
________________
(经济)
will
continue
to
improve.
7．Through
observation,
I
find
her
________
(开支)
do
not
correspond
to
her
income.
8．The
baseball
team
who
lost
became
a
target
of
________
(辱骂)
of
angry
fans.
9．I
would
rather
you
forgave
the
poor
child's
________
(偷窃行为)．
10．The
lady
with
a
________
(钱包)
in
her
hand
came
to
the
bank
counter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．They
were
required
to
give
quick
________
(response)．
2．The
next
morning
he
________
(hire)
a
boat
and
set
out
to
find
the
well?known
painter.
3．Pushchairs
and
wheelchairs
are
available
________
(rent)
at
the
Information
Desk
and
Denny
Way
entrance.
4．The
team
transforms
the
family's
long
weekend
of
celebration
with
less
________
(expense)
but
still
tasty
recipes.
5．I
took
________
my
T?shirt
and
dived
into
the
water.
6．This
book
is
about
the
uses
and
________
(abuse)
of
power.
7．More
people
will
do
the
work
under
proper
________
(supervise)．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
We've
been
told
since
we
1.________
(be)
toddlers
that
“It's
good
to
share”.
Parents
and
teachers
keep
2.________
(remind)
us
to
share
toys,
snacks,
books,
happy
memories,
and
even
3.________
(sorrow)
with
others.
Today,
the
action
of
sharing
takes
4.________
extra
meaning.
It's
not
just
about
sharing
sweets
or
frustration;
it
has
expanded
to
almost
every
aspect
of
our
lives.
This
wealth
of
ways
of
sharing
is
a
response
5.________
our
increasing
demand
for
quality
goods
and
services
at
competitive
prices,
all
6.________
(deliver)
at
the
click
of
a
button.
Whether
we're
a
lender
or
a
borrower,
it's
a
win?win
situation.
What's
more,
sharing
encourages
us
7.________
(reuse)
items,
thereby
cutting
down
on
waste.
However,
the
sharing
economy
is
not
without
its
problems.
The
sharing
economy
is
developing
faster
than
existing
regulations
or
ongoing
supervision.
8.________
is
in
no
doubt
is
that
the
sharing
economy
is
9.________
(increasing)
relevant
to
our
daily
lives
as
well
as
to
the
10.________
(globe)
economy.
Section
Ⅲ Developing
ideas
&
Presenting
ideas
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．toddler 2.hire 3.thereby 4.abuse 5.theft 6.purse
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．sorrow sorrowful 2.frustration frustrate frustrated 3.expense expensive
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．remind
sb.
to
do
sth. 2.be
beneficial
to 3.take
on 4.take
off 5.designer
clothes 6.rent
out 7.cut
down 8.as
is
often
the
case 9.take
advantage
of 10.at
the
expense
of 11.be
relevant
to
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．No
need
to 2.what is
that
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.D 3.C 4.D
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①sorrows ②To ③at ④shares
my
joys
and
sorrows
2．①frustration ②frustrating ③frustrated ④frustrates ⑤frustrated
3．①off ②off ③over ④in ⑤up
4．①in ②to ③in
response
to ④made
no
response
to/didn't
respond
to
5．①to
hire ②out ③out
6．①a ②in ③do
me
a
favour ④ask
you
a
favour ⑤in
favour
of
7．①expenses ②at ③at
the
expense
of
his
health
8．①to
abuse ②abusing ③abuse
of
power ④alcohol
abuse
?第二版块|重点句型解构
①I
won't ②So
is
his
wife ③No
doubt
that
he
will
get
the
first
prize ④While/When
crossing
the
road ⑤If
so
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．supervision 2.sorrow 3.frustration 4.hired 5.thereby
6．economy 7.expenses 8.abuse 9.theft 10.purse
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．responses 2.hired 3.to
rent 4.expensive 5.off 6.abuses 7.supervision
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．were 2.reminding 3.sorrows 4.on 5.to 6.delivered 7.to
reuse 8.What 9.increasingly 10.globalUnit
4
Everyday
economics
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．________
n.
赤道
2．________
n.
庄园
3．________
n.
卡(路里)
4．________
adj.
经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
5．________
adj.传统的，常规的→________
n．惯例；常规
6．________
v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→________
n．歧视；不公平对待
7．________
adj.质量上乘的，优质的→________
n．优越性；优势
8．________
adj.不浓烈的，淡的→________
adv.轻微地；温和地
9．________
adj.主观的→________
adj.客观的
10．________
n．(高中或大学的)一年级学生→________
adj.新鲜的
11．________
adj.(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的→________
adj.不合逻辑的；没有道理的
12．________
v．超过，超出→________
adj.过度的；过分的→________
adv.过度地；过分地
13．________
adj.财政的，金融的；财务的→________
n．财政；金融
14．________
v．积累，积聚→________
n．积累；聚积
15．________
adv.自动地→________
adj.自动的
16．________
v．介入；干涉→________
n．干涉，介入；干扰
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．________________
使收支仅能相抵
2．________________
陷入债务之中，负债
Ⅲ.重点句型
在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。
________________________________________________________________________，
believing
that
their
purchasing
of
these
produces
will
help
improve
local
people's
welfare.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．make
ends
meet使收支仅能相抵；勉强维持生计
含end的常用短语：
end
in...
以……收场/结束/告终
end
up
最终处于；到头来
from
beginning
to
end
从头到尾
in
the
end
最后；终于
at
the
end
of...
在……末端/尽头
by
the
end
of...
到……为止
be
at
an
end
结束
come
to
an
end
结束
put/bring
an
end
to
sth.(＝put/bring
sth.
to
an
end)
结束某事
?Many
of
their
families
were
struggling
to
make
ends
meet.
许多家庭都在努力维持生计。
?Their
marriage
ended
in
divorce.
他们的婚姻以离婚告终。
?So
many
end
up
in
tree
branches
or
along
highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts.
太多的(塑料袋)最后都挂到了树枝上或落在了公路沿线，以至于越来越多的城市不允许在收银台使用它们。
?Her
story
was
a
pack
of
lies
from
beginning
to
end.
她的叙述从头到尾都是谎话。
?Thankfully,
I
managed
to
get
through
the
game
and
the
pain
was
worth
it
in
the
end.
值得庆幸的是，我设法完成了比赛，努力最终没有白费。
?Work
always
piles
up
at
the
end
of
the
year.
年底工作总是会积压。
?You
must
all
hand
in
your
projects
by
the
end
of
next
week.
你们都必须在下周末前交出研究报告。
?The
case
came
to
an
end/was
at
an
end
at
last.
这个案子终于完结了。
[即学即练] 根据汉语提示完成句子
①He
tried
various
jobs
and
________________
(最后)
became
a
musician.
②Everyone
wishes
that
the
war
would
________________________
(结束)
soon.
③The
final
decision
of
the
three
important
leaders
of
the
country
________________________
(结束)
the
war.
④At
last,
the
headmaster's
words
________________
the
meeting
________________________
(使……结束)．
⑤We
don't
need
to
do
extra
work
this
evening.
The
day's
work
is
almost
________________________
(结束)
now.
⑥________________________________
(到……为止)
the
holiday
I
had
spent
all
my
money.
⑦________________________________
(在……末)
the
16th
century,
about
five
to
seven
million
people
spoke
English.
⑧________________________________
(最后),
the
headmaster
rose
to
indicate
that
the
conversation
was
________________________
(结束)．
⑨Some
students
even
don't
know
that
by
helping
a
partner
cheat
in
a
test
they
may
________________
(最终处于)
with
the
same
punishment.
2．go
into
debt陷入债务中，负债
pay
off
a
debt
还债(指动作)
clear
one's
debt
还清债务
be
in
debt
(to
sb.)
欠(某人的)债
be
in
sb.'s
debt
受某人的恩惠；欠某人的
人情
get/run/fall
into
debt
陷入债务之中
be/get
out
of
debt
不欠债
?Three
years
later,
he
is
still
paying
off
his
debts.
三年后，他仍在还他的债务。
?I'm
in
his
debt
for
his
help.
对于他的帮助，我欠他一份人情。
?He
was
already
deeply
in
debt.
他已经负债累累。
?Getting
out
of
debt
must
be
placed
before
buying
anything
new.
必须先还清债务然后再置办新物品。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm
heavily
________
debt
at
the
moment,
but
hope
to
be
________
of
debt
when
I
get
paid.
②He
managed
to
clear
his
________
(debt)
within
two
years.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材P41)They
have
no
problem
spending
a
bit
more
on
Good
Deal
products,
believing
that
their
purchasing
of
these
products
will
help
improve
local
people's
welfare.
在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。
[句式分析] have
no
problem
(in)
doing
sth.意为“做某事没问题/困难”，doing前的介词in可省略。
与该搭配类似的表达还有have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.或have
difficulty/trouble
with
sth.，此时trouble和difficulty都是不可数名词，其前可以用no，little，some，much等修饰。
?I
have
little
difficulty
in
making
friends
with
youngsters.
我和年轻人交朋友没什么困难。
?He
had
no
trouble
repairing
my
TV.
他毫不费力地修好了我的电视。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Even
today
I
still
remember
the
great
difficulty
I
had
________
(learn)
English
in
the
village
20
years
ago.
②Many
foreigners
have
trouble
________
(adapt)
to
Chinese
food.
Discovering
Useful
Structures
Grammar——定语从句
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．This
is
the
bike
that
I
lost
last
week.
2．Norman
Bethune
was
a
great
man
who
gave
his
life
to
help
the
Chinese
people.
3．All
the
children
like
the
teachers
who
can
understand
them.
4．He
is
the
man
whom
I
saw
yesterday.
5．They
want
to
develop
a
kind
of
dog?friendly
food
which
will
help
dog
owners
cool
down
their
pets.
6．I
know
the
reason
why
he
didn't
come.
7．I
saw
my
good
friend
in
the
supmarket
where
I
bought
a
skirt.
8．He
will
never
forget
the
day
when
he
met
her
for
the
first
time.
9．Xiao
Hua,
who
is
my
sister,
has
gone
to
Shanghai.
10．As
is
known
to
all,
the
boy
is
very
brave.
11．The
house,
whose
roof
is
broken,
is
under
repair.
[共性呈现]
1．画线部分均为定语从句。
2．关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语(句1、2、3、4、5、9、10)。
3．关系副词在定语从句中作状语(句6、7、8)。
4．定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句与先行词关系较密切(句1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8)。
5．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间关系较松散(句9、11)。
6．有时关系代词也可以代替一句话(句10)。
[语法精释]
定语从句
定语从句是指跟在一个名词或代词后，对其进行修饰限定的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词(先行词)后。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导。
1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，具体用法如下：
(1)who，whom，that指代的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，其中whom为who的宾格，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is
he
the
man
who/that
wants
to
see
you?
他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He
is
the
man
whom/that
I
saw
yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)whose用来指人或物，只作定语，相当于先行词的所有格。
They
rushed
over
to
help
the
man
whose
car
had
broken
down.
那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(whose＝the
man's)
(3)which，that所指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
A
period
of
prosperity
which/that
had
never
been
seen
before
appears
in
the
countryside.
农村出现了一段前所未有的繁荣时期。(which/that在从句中作主语)
The
package
which/that
you
are
carrying
is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
你拿着的包快散了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词为when，where，why，指代的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语，例如：
There
are
occasions
when
one
must
yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing
is
the
place
where
I
was
born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is
this
the
reason
why
he
refused
our
offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种，以上所讲的为限制性定语从句，此类定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；而非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，其用法与限制性定语从句相似，不同之处主要在于以下几点：
(1)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代的可以是主句中的某个词(名词或形容词)、短语、其他从句或整个主句。
①which指代主句中的某个词
These
apple
trees,
which
I
planted
three
years
ago,
have
not
borne
any
fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，至今还没有结过果实。
②which指代主句中的某个从句
He
said
that
he
was
short
of
money,
which
was
not
true.
他说他缺钱，这不是真的。(指代主句中that引导的宾语从句)
③which指代整个主句
In
the
presence
of
so
many
people
he
was
a
little
tense,
which
was
understandable.
在这么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如……，就像……”之意。通常以as
we
all
know，as
it
is
known，as
is
known
to
all，as
it
is，as
is
said
above等句式出现。可位于句首或句末，也可置于句中。
As
we
all
know,
regular
medical
examination
will
help
us
find
out
health
problems
as
early
as
possible.
众所周知，定期体检会帮助我们尽早发现健康问题。
He
forgot
to
bring
his
pen
with
him,
as
was
often
the
case.
他忘了带笔，这是常事。
[即学即练]
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．Among
the
many
dangers
________
sailors
have
to
face,
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
2．Many
countries
are
now
setting
up
national
parks
________
animals
and
plants
can
be
protected.
3．The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
________
lives
were
affected.
4．I
borrowed
the
book
Sherlock
Holmes
from
the
library
last
week,
________
was
recommended
(推荐)
by
my
classmates.
5．There
is
no
simple
answer,
________
is
often
the
case
in
science.
6．He
was
born
in
the
year
________
the
war
broke
out.
7．This
is
just
the
place
________
I
am
looking
forward
to
visiting
these
years.
8．Finally
he
reached
a
lonely
island
________
was
completely
cut
off
from
the
outside
world.
9．The
Scottish
girl
________
fluency
on
her
topic
attracted
most
of
people
won
first
prize
in
the
speech
contest.
10．Happiness
often
come
to
those
________
are
good
at
recognising
their
own
strengths.
二、语法填空
For
the
first
time
in
94
years,
the
Palace
Museum
has
extended
its
opening
hours,
1.________
allows
the
public
to
celebrate
the
Lantern
Festival
at
night
in
the
ancient
palace.
About
3,000
lucky
visitors
received
free
tickets
from
the
government,
among
2.________
was
Zhang
Zhifu,
a
77?year?old
public
security
volunteer.
It's
a
mark
of
gratitude
for
his
voluntary
work.
To
guarantee
the
safety
of
the
palace,
festival
organisers
3.________
planned
this
year's
Lantern
Festival
event
used
LED
lights
rather
than
traditional
paper
lanterns
or
red
candles.
It's
a
4.________
(fascinate)
event
for
visitors
to
absorb
themselves
in
the
festive
atmosphere
in
the
museum.
Since
he
became
director
of
the
Palace
Museum,
Shan
Jixiang
has
brought
many
changes
to
the
world's
5.________
(large)
royal
complex
(综合楼群).
Once
in
a
speech
the
64?year?old
director
shared
his
idea
about
how
to
make
6.________
(tradition)
treasures
come
alive
again.“7.________
matters
to
a
museum
is
not
how
many
visitors
it
has,
but
how
close
it
is
to
people's
daily
lives，”
he
said.
单句语法填空
A 词汇句式专练
1．It
will
get
worse
with
human
________
(interfere)．
2．Around
13,500
new
jobs
were
created
during
the
period,
________
(exceed)
the
expected
number
of
12,000
held
by
market
analysts.
3．Another
way
of
setting
realistic
goals
is
to
analyze
your
short
and
long
term
objectives,
keeping
________
mind
your
beliefs,
values
and
strengths.
4．As
we
________
(accumulate)
more
devices,
however,
we
didn't
throw
out
our
old
ones.
5．If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be,
you'll
have
no
trouble
________
(answer)
these
questions.
B 语法专练
1．Do
not
follow
the
people
________
make
you
feel
not?good?enough.
2．Here's
a
handful
of
ways
________
will
set
you
in
the
right
direction.
3．In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
________
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
4．The
longest
track
and
field
event
at
the
Summer
Olympics
is
the
50?kilometer
race
walk,
________
is
about
five
miles
longer
than
the
marathon.
5．Dr.
Rowan,
________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
6．It
was
a
big
deal
for
us
to
load
up
and
go
to
the
local
library,
________
my
kids
could
pick
out
books
to
read
or
books
they
wanted
me
to
read
to
them.
7．Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
________
students
can
choose
for
free.
8．On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
________
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
9．And
I've
found
that
the
possibilities
________
lie
within
books
are
limitless.
10．With
shining
dark
eyes,
he
seems
like
the
kind
of
kid
________
would
enjoy
public
speaking.
Section
Ⅱ Using
language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．equator 2.estate 3.calorie 4.afloat 5.conventional convention 6.discriminate discrimination 7.superior superiority
8．mild mildly 9.subjective objective 10.freshman fresh
11．rational irrational 12.exceed excessive excessively
13．financial finance 14.accumulate accumulation
15．automatically automatic 16.interfere interference
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．make
ends
meet 2.go
into
debt
Ⅲ.重点句型
They
have
no
problem
spending
a
bit
more
on
Good
Deal
products
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①in
the
end ②come
to
an/be
at
an
end
③put/brought
an
end
to
④put/brought to
an
end ⑤at
an
end ⑥By
the
end
of ⑦At
the
end
of ⑧In
the
end at
an
end ⑨end
up
2．①in out ②debts
?第二版块|重点句型解构
①learning ②adapting
Grammar——定语从句
语法精讲·难点透析
一、
1．that/which 2.where 3.whose 4.which 5.as 6.when
7．which/that 8.that/which 9.whose 10.who
二、
1．which 2.whom 3.who/that 4.fascinating 5.largest
6．traditional 7.What
课时达标·随堂自测
单句语法填空
A
1．interference 2.exceeding 3.in 4.accumulated 5.answering
B
1．who/that 2.that/which 3.whose 4.which 5.whose
6．where 7.which 8.that/which 9.that/which 10.who/thatUnit
4
Everyday
economics
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________
n.
额，前额
2．________
adj.
头晕目眩的
3．________
n.
日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
4．________
n.
投入(物)
5．________
n.
障碍，阻碍，妨碍
6．________
n.
阶段，时期
7．________
v.
购买
8．________
n.
奖金；红利
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________
adj.无表情的，木然的→________
adv.茫然地，木然地
2．________
n．女主席；女会长→________
n．主席，董事长
3．________
n．(事物的)潜力，可能性；
adj.可能的，潜在的→________
adv.潜在地，可能地
4．________
adj.有创业精神的；有事业心的；有进取心的→________
n．公司，事业，进取心
5．________
n.
制造商；制造公司，制造厂→________
vt.&
n．生产；制造
6．________
n．(商品的)分销，经销→________
vt.分散(注意力),
使分心
7．________
n．指导，引导→________
vt.带领，引导；n.向导，导游
8．________
n．顾问→________
vt.&
vi.请教，咨询；商量；vt.查阅；参考
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．____________
至于
2．________________
深呼吸
3．________________
把……变成
4．________________
一排又一排
5．________________
以……告终
6．________________
怀着做某事的希望
7．________________
开始，出发
8．________________
梦想，梦见
9．________________
不仅仅是
10．________________
……的机会/权利
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．直到她从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张悦才意识到这一潜力。
________
only
after
graduating
from
university
overseas
and
returning
to
visit
her
parents
________
Zhang
realised
the
potential.
2．他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。
They
stared
back,
________________
as
to
what
they
would
say
next.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Which
is
true
about
Zhang
Yue
according
to
the
passage?
A．She
had
expected
to
take
up
flower
business
before
she
ran
a
company.
B．She
has
dreamed
of
starting
business
since
childhood.
C．She
only
used
her
own
money
to
start
her
business.
D．She
never
thought
she
would
end
up
growing
roses
in
her
hometown.
2．Which
words
can
best
describe
Zhang
Yue?
A．Diligent
and
experienced.
B．Passionate
and
devoted.
C．Potential
and
doubtful.
D．Hard?working
and
careless.
3．Why
did
Zhang
Yue
choose
to
go
back
to
her
hometown
to
grow
roses?
A．She
could
have
more
time
to
take
care
of
her
parents.
B．She
could
employ
workers
easily
at
a
low
cost.
C．She
wanted
to
make
contributions
to
her
hometown.
D．She
wanted
to
enjoy
the
fresh
air
in
the
countryside.
4．What's
Zhang
Yue's
biggest
difficulty
at
the
beginning?
A．Lacking
money.
B．Being
refused
by
others.
C．Lacking
the
labour
force.
D．Not
knowing
how
to
plant
flowers.
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.blank
adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n．[C]空白处
go
blank
(脑子里)突然一片空白；出现空白(指没有图像、文字等)
a
blank
expression/look
木然的表情
a
blank
face
茫然的面孔
blank
eyes
茫然的眼睛
a
blank
?My
mind
went
blank.我的脑子里一片空白。
?There
was
a
blank
expression
on
her
face.她脸上毫无表情。
?Leave
the
last
page
blank.最后一页留空。
?Please
fill
in
the
blanks.请在空白处填写。
语境助记：
At
those
boring
meetings,
people
usually
sit
with
a
blank
look,
or
write
carelessly
on
blank
paper.
在那些无聊的会议上，人们通常面无表情地坐着，或者在白纸上乱涂乱写。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Fill
in
the
________
(blank)
using
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
②To
my
surprise,
my
father
looked
at
me
________________________________
(blank)．
完成句子
③Chan's
________________________________
(茫然的表情)
made
the
author
smile.
④__________________________________
(如果你脑子里一片空白),
try
not
to
panic.
2.as
to关于，至于(＝as
for)
as
for
至于
关于
?As
to
the
recipe,
I
will
take
it
into
careful
account.
至于这个烹饪方法，我会仔细考虑的。
?He
was
very
uncertain
as
to
whether
it
was
the
right
job
for
him.
他实在拿不准这个工作是不是适合他。
语境助记：
Everyone
was
curious
as
to
why
Mark
was
leaving.马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There's
no
decision
________
to
when
the
work
might
start.
②As
________
the
strengths
of
a
balanced
diet,
the
doctor
gave
me
many
examples.
③As
for
________
(go)
back,
that
is
out
of
question
(没问题)．
④With
regard
________
the
party
on
July
1st,
I
shall
be
pleased
to
attend.
3.be
fond
of喜欢
be
fond
of
喜爱，喜欢(表示状态)
grow/get/become
fond
of
喜欢上(表示动作)
fond
adj.
喜爱的；深情的；温情的
fondly
adv.
深情地；天真地；想当然的
?I'm
fond
of
English
and
do
well
in
both
speaking
and
writing.
我喜欢英语，擅长说和写。
?I
had
grown
fond
of
the
house
and
didn't
want
to
leave.
我已经喜欢上了这座房子，不想搬家。
?As
Mac
pedaled
(骑行)
along
alone,
he
thought
fondly
of
his
wife
and
two
young
daughters
at
home.
当麦克独自一人骑着脚踏车前行时，他深情地想起了家里的妻子和两个年幼的女儿。
联想拓展：
表达“喜好，偏好”的句式：
I
like
doing/to
do...
I
prefer
to...
I
love/enjoy
doing...
I'm
fond
of...
I'm
keen
on...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You
may
have
noticed
that
I'm
very
fond
________
reading
aloud
to
you
from
these
novels.
②He's
very
fond
of
________
(tell)
others
what
to
do.
4.end
up结果为……，以……结束
end
up
?The
conference
ended
up
signing
no
agreement.
大会结束了，没有签署任何协议。
?The
party
ended
up
with
a
beautiful
song.
聚会以一首动听的歌曲结束。
?If
you
go
on
like
this,
you'll
end
up
in
prison.
你如果继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
?He
could
end
up
as
headmaster.
他没准儿哪天会当上校长。
联想拓展：
bring
sth.
to
an
end
使某事结束
put/bring
an
end
to
sth.
结束某事
come
to
an
end
结束
in
the
end
最后，终于
Having
agreed
upon
the
matter
of
payment,
he
brought
the
interview
to
an
end.
在付款问题上达成一致之后，他结束了会面。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
gang
of
suspects
ended
up
________
(flee)
away.
②He
wasted
too
much
money
in
playing
and
no
wonder
he
ended
up
________
debt.
③The
closing
ceremony
of
the
2018
Pyeongchang
Winter
Olympics
ended
up
________
Beijing
8?minute
show.
④He
started
as
an
employee
and
ended
up
________
head
of
the
firm.
5.potential
n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.可能的；潜在的
(1)have
the
potential
to
do
sth.
有潜力做某事
(2)achieve/fulfil/realize
one's
(full)
potential
发挥某人的(全部)潜力
(3)the
potential
for
development
发展潜力
the
potential
for
(doing)
sth.
(做)某事的可能性/潜力
(4)potential
benefit/problem
潜在的好处/问题
potential
danger/risk
潜在的危险
?He
has
the
potential
to
become
a
champion.
他有潜力成为冠军。
?They
have
found
new
ways
of
attracting
potential
customers.
他们已经找到了吸引潜在客户的新方法。
?Every
seed
is
a
potential
plant.
每粒种子都可能长成植物。
语境助记：
①Small
reactors,
it
believes,
have
the
potential
to
generate
much?needed
power
from
the
2030s.
它(政府)认为，在21世纪30年代，小型反应堆有产生急需电力的潜力。
②Investment
in
arts
could
produce
potential
positive
economic
results.
对艺术的投资可能产生潜在的积极经济效益。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①People
who
do
not
smoke
have
less
potential
________
suffering
from
lung
cancer
than
those
who
smoke.
②He
has
the
potential
________
(appoint)
as
manager
this
year.
③He
has
the
potential
________
(work)
as
a
consultant.
6.start
out开始(生活、职业、重要阶段)；出发，启程；起初(是)，最初(是)
start
off
开始；起初(是)，最初(是)；启程，动身
start
up
创办，组建；启动，发动(引擎)
start
with＝begin
with
以……开始
to
start
with＝to
begin
with
首先；起初
?When
the
band
first
started
out,
they
played
at
small
clubs.
这支乐队刚开始时在小俱乐部里表演。
?She
started
out
as
a
model.
她一开始是做模特的。
?We
need
to
start
out/off
early
because
the
journey
will
take
six
hours.
我们需要早点儿出发，因为路上需要6个小时。
?I
started
out
to
write
a
short
story,
but
it
soon
developed
into
a
novel.
我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。
?I
started
off
working
quite
hard,
but
it
didn't
last.
我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。
?She
started
(up)
her
own
software
company.
她创办了自己的软件公司。
?To
start
with,
we
need
better
computers—then
we
need
more
training.
首先，我们需要更好的电脑——其次，我们需要更多的培训。
语境助记：
This
is
how
everyone
learned
to
read.
We
would
start
off
with
sentences,
then
paragraphs,
and
then
stories.
这就是每个人学习阅读的方式。我们会从句子开始，然后是段落，再然后是故事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
planned
to
start
________
at
dawn,
but
the
sudden
rain
ruined
our
plan.
②What
started
out
________
a
part?time
job
soon
became
a
full?time
occupation.
③The
speaker
started
________
a
description
of
her
journey
to
China.
④Many
businesses
started
________
by
college
students
have
taken
off
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
⑤________
(start)
your
own
business
could
be
a
way
to
achieve
financial
independence.
7.distribution
n.
(商品的)分销，经销；分发，分配；分布
(1)the
unfair
distribution
of
wealth
财富分配不公
the
geographical
distribution
of
the
disease
疾病的地域分布情况
food
distribution
食物分配
(2)distribute
v.
分销，经销(商品)；分发，分配；使分布，
分散
distribute...to...
把……分配给/分发给……
distribute...between/among...
在……之间分配……
?They
could
not
agree
on
the
distribution
of
the
profits.
他们不能就利润的分配达成一致意见。
?The
distribution
of
these
language
is
hugely
uneven.
这些语言的分布极不平衡。
?The
organization
distributed
food
to
the
earthquake
victions.
这个机构向地震灾民分发了食品。
?The
money
was
distributed
among
schools
in
the
area.
这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。
语境助记：
The
production,
distribution,
and
use
of
products—as
well
as
management
of
the
resulting
waste—all
result
in
greenhouse
gas
release.
产品的生产、分配和使用，以及由此产生的废物的管理，都导致温室气体的排放。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
could
reduce
our
costs
by
developing
a
more
efficient
________
(distribute)
network.
②Copies
of
the
book
________
(distribute)
free
to
each
school
in
the
district
yesterday.
③She
distributed
the
books
donated
by
kind?hearted
people
________
the
children.
④The
boys
complained
that
the
________
(distribute)
of
prizes
was
unfair.
8.guidance
n．指导，引导
(1)under
one's
guidance
＝under
the
guidance
of
sb.
在某人的指导下
(2)seek
guidance
from
sb.
向某人寻求指导
(3)guide
v.
指导，引导；带领
n.
指南；导游
guide
sb.
to/through/around...带某人到/穿过/参观……
a
Guide
to
Family
Health
家庭健康指南
a
tour
guide
导游
?Activities
all
take
place
under
the
guidance
of
an
experienced
scholar.
所有活动都在一位有经验的学者的指导下进行。
?I
think
you
should
seek
guidance
from
your
lawyer
on
this
matter.
我认为这件事你应该咨询一下你的律师。
?Teenagers
need
adults
to
guide
them.
青少年需要成人来指导。
归纳拓展：
guided
adj.有指导的；有导游的
guideline
n．指导方针；指导原则
misguide
vt.误导；使误入歧途
misguided
adj.帮倒忙的；错误的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Under
the
________
(guide)
of
his
father,
I
think
he
can
settle
this
matter.
②The
shop
assistant
guided
me
________
the
shelf
where
the
historical
novels
were
displayed.
③Your
presence
and
________
(guide)
are
requested.
完成句子
④I
expect
you
to
________________________
(向……寻求指导)
some
of
our
managers.
⑤The
role
of
the
supervisor
is
to
________________________
(向学生提供指导)．
⑥________________________
(在他的指导下),
we
finished
the
work
smoothly.
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1.(教材P38)It
was
only
after
graduating
from
university
overseas
and
returning
to
visit
her
parents
that
Zhang
realised
the
potential.
直到她从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张悦才意识到这一潜力。
[句式分析] 强调句型
构成：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
(1)该句型常用来强调主语、宾语或状语。
It
was
this
thief
that
robbed
me
of
my
wallet.
就是这个小偷抢了我的钱包。(强调主语)
It
was
a
handkerchief
that
I
picked
up
at
the
school
gate.
我在学校大门口捡到的是一条手帕。(强调宾语)
It
was
on
a
cold
morning
that
he
dived
into
the
lake
and
rescued
a
drowning
child.
是在一个寒冷的早晨，他跳入湖中救出了一名溺水儿童。(强调状语)
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分？
Was
it
Tom
that
decided
to
pass
up
the
opportunity?
是汤姆决定放弃这个机会吗？
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was
it＋that＋其他部分？
Who
was
it
that
seized
the
thief
by
the
hand?
是谁抓住了那个小偷的手？
(4)not...until...句型的强调句：It
is/was
not
until...that＋其他部分
It
was
not
until
I
told
him
that
he
knew
about
it.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
特别提示：
使用强调句型时需要注意以下几点：
(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。
(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
(3)被强调部分指人时，可以用who代替that，其他情况一律用that。
(4)强调句型的判断方法：
去掉it
is/was和that/who，适当调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________
was
when
we
were
returning
home
that
I
realised
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.
②It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
________
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbours.
③It
was
the
old
man
________
saved
the
drowning
boy.
完成句子
④________________________________________________________________________
(不是我们偶尔做的事情塑造了我们的生活),
but
what
we
do
consistently.
⑤You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________
(是在旅馆)
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
2.(教材P38)They
stared
back,
their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue
as
to
what
they
would
say
next.
他们回望着她，脸上毫无表情，她不知道他们接下来要说什么。
[句式分析] their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue是“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
(1)构成：名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况等。
?Weather
permitting,
we'll
go
climbing
tomorrow.
天气允许的话，我们明天去爬山。(名词＋现在分词)
?Roadworks
finished,
they
went
home.
完成道路施工后，他们回家了。(名词＋过去分词)
?Lots
of
work
to
do,
I
was
in
no
mood
for
dancing.
由于有很多工作要做，我没心情跳舞。(名词＋不定式)
?He
came
into
the
room,
his
nose
red
with
cold.
他进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。(名词＋形容词)
?The
storm
over,
everything
was
in
peace
again.
暴风雨过去了，一切又恢复了平静。(名词＋副词)
?Our
teacher
came
in,
book
in
hand.
我们的老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。(名词＋介词短语)
名师点津：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
②当名词/代词与动词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示将来的动作时，用不定式形式。
③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
weather
________
(permit)．
②Bats
are
surprisingly
long?lived
creatures,
some
________
(have)
a
lifespan
of
around
20
years.
③The
children
went
home
from
the
grammar
school,
their
lessons
________
(finish)
for
the
day.
④Much
time
________
(spend)
sitting
at
a
desk,
office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
⑤No
one
________
(wake)
me
up,
I
might
be
late
for
the
first
class.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When
I
was
in
trouble,
he
offered
________
(指导)
to
me
on
my
career.
2．A
suitable
answer
has
already
been
put
forward
by
the
________
(女主席)．
3．I
got
there
to
buy
tickets
before
________
(黎明)
and
found
this
abandoned
park
with
an
empty
swimming
pool.
4．In
my
judgement,
he
has
the
________
(潜力)
to
become
a
champion.
5．She
may
not
have
been
the
clever
candidate
but
she
is
certainly
the
most
________
(有创业精神的)．
6．The
first
________
(阶段)
of
the
project
was
completed
two
months
ahead
of
schedule.
7．When
you
________
(购买)
an
item,
we
will
send
you
an
attractive
card
for
you
to
send
to
your
special
person.
8．Who
is
in
charge
of
the
________
(分销)
of
food
and
clothing
to
areas
in
need?
9．The
firm
recognised
Tom's
outstanding
work
by
giving
him
an
extra
________
(奖金)．
10．Sucre
seems
to
be
hurting
and
Michael
appears
to
be
very
________
(头晕目眩的)．
11．While
dialing
the
doctor's
telephone
number,
she
wiped
her
________
(前额)
with
a
handkerchief
now
and
then.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As
________
cherries
(樱桃),
they
are
so
delicious
who
cares?
2．So
many
plastic
bags
end
up
________
tree
branches
or
along
highways
that
a
growing
number
of
cities
do
not
allow
them
at
checkouts.
3．Data
shows
that
kids
and
teens
who
do
read
frequently,
compared
to
infrequent
readers,
have
more
books
in
the
home,
more
books
________
(purchase)
for
them.
4．The
language
is
almost
intoxicating
(令人陶醉的),
an
aging
writer
________
(look)
back
on
an
ambitious
yet
simpler
time.
5．I
________
(consult)
with
a
physician
(内科医生),
I
hired
a
fitness
coach,
and
I
began
to
eat
small
and
healthy
meals.
6．However,
the
new
light
feels
like
________
than
enough
for
the
town's
sun?starved
residents.
7．It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
________
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Zhang
Yue
will
never
forget
her
experience
of
trying
to
get
investment.
1.________
she
spoke,
Zhang
Yue
put
her
hands
behind
her
back
to
hide
that
they
were
shaking.
She
couldn't,
however,
hide
the
line
of
sweat
2.________
(run)
down
her
forehead,
3.________
was
caused
partly
by
the
heat
of
the
television
studio,
but
more
by
fear
of
the
four
people
4.________
(seat)
in
front
of
her.
They
stared
back,
their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue
as
5.________
what
they
would
say
next.
Feeling
dizzy,
Zhang
Yue
took
a
deep
breath
as
she
struggled
to
finish
her
6.________
(present),
“And
that
is
7.________
I
need
your
help
in
turning
my
new
and
exciting
business
into
a
successful
one.”
Now
chairwoman
of
her
own
company,
Zhang
Yue
is
fond
of
8.________
(say),
“The
early
bird
catches
the
worm.”
Zhang
never
9.________
(think)
that
this
was
something
she
would
end
up
doing.
Surrounded
by
roses
as
she
was
growing
up,
she
paid
them
little
attention.
“I
love
running
my
own
business,
but
it's
not
for
everyone，”
says
Zhang.
“10.________
(succeed)
in
business,
you
need
more
than
a
good
idea,
hard
work
and
determination.”
Section
Ⅰ Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．forehead 2.dizzy 3.sunrise 4.input 5.obstacle 6.phase
7．purchase 8.bonus
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．blank blankly 2.chairwoman chairman 3.potential potentially 4.enterprising enterprise 5.manufacturer manufacture 6.distribution distribute 7.guidance guide
8．consultant consult
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．as
to 2.take
a
deep
breath 3.turn...
into 4.row
upon
row
5．end
up... 6.in
the
hope
of
doing
sth. 7.start
out 8.dream
of
9．more
than 10.access
to
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．It
was that
2．their
blank
faces
giving
no
clue
文本研析·语篇理解
1．D 2.B 3.C 4.C
核心突破·互动探究
?第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①blanks ②blankly ③blank
expression ④If
your
mind
goes
blank
2．①as ②to/for ③going ④to
3．①of ②telling
4．①fleeing ②in ③with ④as
5．①for ②to
be
appointed ③to
work
6．①out/off ②as ③with ④up ⑤Starting
7．①distribution ②was
distributed ③to/among ④distribution
8．①guidance ②to ③guidance ④seek
guidance
from ⑤provide
guidance
to
students ⑥Under
his
guidance
?第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①It ②that ③that/who ④It
is
not
what
we
do
once
in
a
while
that
shapes
our
lives ⑤It
is
at
the
hotel
that
2．①permitting ②having ③finished ④spent ⑤to
wake
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．guidance 2.chairwoman 3.sunrise 4.potential 5.enterprising
6．phrase 7.purchase 8.distribution 9.bonus 10.dizzy 11.forehead
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．for/to 2.in 3.purchased 4.looking 5.consulted 6.more 7.that
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．As 2.running 3.which 4.seated 5.to 6.presentation
7．why 8.saying 9.thought 10.To
succeed
