江西省2012中考复习研讨会资料(根据省教研室中考精神编写)

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名称 江西省2012中考复习研讨会资料(根据省教研室中考精神编写)
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更新时间 2012-04-22 21:21:52

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(共32张PPT)
2012江西中考复习研讨会
备战中考英语阅读理解
阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面,在中考中所占分值达到40分,是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题。阅读理解能否得高分,是成绩好坏的关键。因此它也当之无愧的理应成为我们英语复习备考过程当中的重中之重,正所谓"得阅读者得天下"。
但尽管如此,阅读理解却是有些老师在平时教学过程当中和学生们在复习迎考过程当中常常忽略的一个重要环节。我本人曾经也认为,要提高学生的阅读理解能力只要让学生多做多练阅读理解题就行了,平时几乎不会专门拿出时间给同学们介绍相关的阅读方法或者阅读中的一些解题技巧和注意事项。
而学生们平时做阅读理解训练时,也忽略了最
为重要的反思和总结这道程序,以至于造成学
生们反映在做某些阅读理解题目的时候感觉云
山雾罩,丈二和尚摸不着头脑,多半是凭着
“感觉”做题,做题就像“撞大运”,不明白为什
么对,也不知道为什么错,成绩飘忽不定,阅
读理解也就自然而然成了自己永远的痛。
满分值 小题数 平均分
2009年 40 20 23.69
2010年 40 20 22.35
2011年 40 20 25.2
近几年我省英语中考阅读理解的得分情况
得分情况并不理想。那么中考阅读理解到底考什么?命题人如何出题?题目分成哪些基本题型?每种题型是不是有特殊的解题方法?如何具体地备战中考阅读理解?复习过程又该从哪几个方面入手呢?我认为,在中考前帮助学生认知和了解中考阅读理解的题型设计,揭开中考英语的神秘面纱,对于消除学生考前的紧张心理和惧怕情绪,理顺学生的解题思路,快速解答试题,选择最佳答案,都是很有帮助的。
命题形式和特点:
1、命题形式
历年来我省英语中考阅读理解题均分为A,B两部分。2009年以前A部分为单选类题型,B部分为回答问题
类题型。自2009年开始,B部分改为七选一,即根据短文内容,从方框中的七个选项中,选出五个还原到文章中,使短文意思通顺,结构完整。这种题型更侧重考察学生对文章中各句子之间的逻辑关系和对文章脉络结构的理解。
体裁与题材
试题分类 体裁 题材
2008
年 A

分 A篇 应用文 文娱活动广告
B篇 记叙文 人物故事
C篇 议论文 运动对社会和人的影响
D篇 记叙文 笑话网站
B部分 说明文 介绍一种新型餐馆
体裁与题材
试题分类 体裁 题材
2009
年 A

分 A篇 应用文 菜单
B篇 记叙文 沙漠之旅
C篇 议论文 社会现象
D篇 说明文 人眼识别
B部分 说明文 幸福之道
命题趋势
体裁多样,题材涉及广泛,时代感强。考察
项目以细节理解为主,兼顾一定数量的词汇
句意题,推断题和主旨题。近几年细节理解
题数量有所下降,推断题和主旨题数量有所
增加,说明对学生的阅读理解能力要求有所
提高。
考察项目及解题策略
(1)细节题。在中考阅读理解中,大部分题目属于细节理解题,旨在考查考生对某个具体事实或某个具体情节,或对某个特定的细节是否理解,有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中直接找出;有的答案是短文中某个句子或经过改写的句子;有的则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析,概括,甚至计算,最后得出正确答案。例如:(07年江西中考)B篇
I never wanted a dog, but now I’m so glad I have one.About two years ago, my wife,Cathy,got a little dog with a face only a mother could love. We named her Gertie.
Gertie is the kind of dog that has to grow on you.So I dicided that the dog would be trained. This didn’t quite go as planned.At 15 weeks old,she was nearly made to leave the Petsmart Training School.She spent every night lying in our bed—snoring (打鼾)so loudly that I hardly got a good night’s sleep.
Then,about six months after she arrived,I felt that something in my heart was taking place,and I was unable to stop it.My behaviour(行为方式)began to change.I began to smile at people when passing them in a street.I returned(招手)from neighbours.I started calling my kids and,to my surprise,they started calling me.I even tried to speak to my grandchildren over the phone once. I even was glad to listen to laughter from a 10-month-old granddaughter.The point is that I was changing.
My wife and I both agree that it is Gertie who has changed my behaviour.
Gertie is now nearly two years old and almost fully grown.I have come to like the pet little by little, though she is my wife’s dog.
59.What did the man think of the dog at the beginning
A.It looked very beautiful. B.It wasn’t very lovely.
C.It wasn’t necessary to be trained. D.It could change his life.
60.When did the man’s behaviour begin to change
A.About two years ago. B.When Gertie was nearly two years old.
C.When Gertie was 15 weeks old. D.About six months after Gertie arrived.
61.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the man’s change
A.He began to smile at people B.He liked helping his neighbours.
C.He started calling his kids. D.He spoke to his grandchildren over
the phone.
答案:BDB
(2)词汇句意题。考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵,掌握大量单词和习语是重要的,但语言是活的东西,做这类题时,考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义,即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理,有时还需要依据常识和经验。例如:(08年江西中考)C篇
(3)推断题。推断性考题旨在考查学生透过表面的文字信息,对某些深层次情节经过分析、综合、归纳,作出合乎逻辑的推理。这类题的答案通常不在文章中明确表现出来,要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上,推断文章的潜在含义,找出结论。例如:(08年江西中考)D篇
Mike(USA)
Sports bring people together,but they divide them too.Fans of different teams fight all the time—they shout and hit each other.And here’s another example:My brother plays high school baseball.Last week,his team played an important game.At the game,twoparents fought about a call.Come on... baseball is only a game! Sports are so competitive(有竞争力的) these days.It’s all about winning.Then the game isn’t fun.
75.What does the underlined word“call”mean
A.Decision. B.Telephone.
C.Suggestion. D.Seat.
答案:A
Scientists have discovered the world’s funniest joke! Dr. Wiseman,from Oxford University in Britain,created a website with jokes on it.He then asked people to rate(定级) the jokes from 1(“not very funny”) to 5(“very funny”).
People could also tell their own jokes.At the end of one year,Wiseman had two million ratings and 40 000 jokes from around the world.
Why study jokes Dr. Wiseman thinks humor can tell us a lot about people.
In Wiseman’s experiment(实验),people from different countries did think different jokes were funny.For example,Europeans rated jokes about serious topics like death “very funny”.North Americans laughed most at jokes that made fun of people.So,what was the world’s funniest joke
Two men are hunting(打猎).Suddenly,one man falls down and isn’t moving.The other man calls for help on his mobile phone.“Help!”the man says,“I think my friend is dead!”“I can help you,”says the woman on the phone.“First,are you sure your friend is dead ”It’s quiet for a minute.Then the woman hears a gunshot(枪声).The man returns to the phone.“Yes,he’s dead.Now what ”
In Dr. Wiseman’s experiment,people from a number of countries,old and young,men and women,all thought this joke was very funny.What about you
79.Which of the following can best describe the man calling for help in the joke
A.He is foolish. B.He is confident.
C.He is clever. D.He is dishonest.
答案:A
(4)主旨题。即考查考生对文章的主题,标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主题思想是文章的核心。能否抓住文章的主题思想,是考生阅读能力的重要体现。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)。有的文章一开始就亮出主题,全文随着主题而展开。有的文章则需要学生善于抓住文中具有概括性的信息,从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文,看作者主要谈的是什么,透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题,再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差,其实是局部与全局之差。要指导考生在做题时不要被局部现象迷惑,而忽略了文章的整体思想。例如:
(07年江西中考)C篇
Albert was an ordinary worker in an oil company in America. His workmates gave a nickname(绰号)“Four dollars a bucket of oil” below his name whenever and wherever he wrote down his name.
As time went by, people forgot his real name.Later,when Rockefeller,the board chairman(董事长)of the oil company, heard of it, he was very surprised,so he invited Albert to come to his office.
“Some people give you a nickname for ‘Four dollars a bucket’.Why aren’t you angry ”asked Rockefeller with some puzzlement in his eyes.
“Oh!Mr.Rockefeller!I like this nickname very much, because ‘Four dollars a bucket’s is our company’s advertisement.As long as someone calls me‘Four dollars a bucket’once, I think it’s free advertisement for our company.It’s not necessary for me to get angry.Don’t you think so ,Mr.Rockdfeller ”
“Oh!What a wonderful man!”ckefeller said excitedly when hearing Albert’s words“Young man!Work harder, you must be successful in the futere! I believe in you!”
Five years later, Albert became the second board chairman after Rockefeller.
Later Albert said in one of his reports,“I don’t think we should feel frustrated when we have no way to do the world-shaking things.We should treat every thing actively because maybe our future success will begin from a small thing!”
65.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Rockefeller asked young people to work harder.
B.It’s very important to do small things well.
C.You can’t get angry when someone calls your nickname.
D.You should make more advertisements for your company.
答案:B
(08年江西中考)B篇
PARIS,France—As a child,Alain Robert was afraid of heights.
One day,when he was 12,he returned home from school.At the front door of his building,he looked for his keys.He didn’t have them.It was 3:30 pm and his parents worked until 6:00 pm Alain looked at his apartment(公寓) on the eighth floor.He saw an open window.He closed his eyes and imagined himself climbing the building.When he opened his eyes,he told himself,“I can do it.”Fifteen minutes later,he was in his house and his fear of heights was gone.
Today,Alain still.climbs buildings.In 2003,he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman(蜘蛛侠) to advertise the movie.In 2004,he climbed Taipei 101(one of the tallest buildings in the world).To reach the top of a building,Alain uses only his hands and special shoes.
Alain climbs as a hobby.He also does it to make money for charity
(for children and the homeless).When he climbs,he wants to send a message to people.If you have a dream—something you really want to do—it can become real.But you must be brave and keep trying.If something bad happens,don’t give up.Close your eyes and tell yourself,“I can do it.”
72.The best title for this passage would be ________.
A.An Exciting Sport
B.Alain Robert’s Hobby
C.A Man for Charity
D.A Real Life Superman
答案:D
(5)七选五题型。主要考查学生把握文章结构及对上下文逻辑推理的能力,突出考查学生的语篇理解和对文章各段,各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。文章选材侧重一些夹叙夹议的文章,简单的说明文,人物介绍等,词数为200-250之间,题目设置前后一定有线索可寻。例如:
(09年江西中考)
81.______Money and success alone do not bring lasting(长久的) happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.
82._______Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future – for example, getting into college or getting a good job – that we fail to enjoy the present(现在). You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. 83._______
Another secret to leading a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems. Many people experience this dancing,or playing a sport, such as skating or soccer. 84._______
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. 85._______ You can help a friend with his or her lessons, go shopping to buy food for your family members, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.
答案:EDFGB
A、The second secret of happiness is to do more exercise.
B、If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone.
C、People who have brothers and sisters are happier than others.
D、The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life.
E、Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness.
F、People who have several close friends live happier and healthier lives.
G、You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity.
复习建议
中考之所以重视阅读理解,因为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力,它是获取综合、复杂以及精确信息的必要手段。同时阅读能力也是做好其他题型,如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的必备能力。
要在备考复习中提高学生的阅读理解能力和答题的正确率,我认为除了在课堂教学中加强对学生阅读策略和解题策略的指导之外,还应注意以下几点:
1、巩固、扩大词汇(包括词组、短语和构词法),夯实语法知识,提高学生对长句,难句的理解能力。   随着社会要求和教学要求的提高,生词和结构较为复杂的长句、难句在短文中和题目中经常出现。如果语言知识不过关,学生很难领会文章,审清题意。因此,扎实的基础知识、善于处理词汇、牢固掌握教学考纲中要求的各个语法项目、通过分析句子结构辨别意群及正确理解结构复杂的长句均是做好阅读理解的要素。在初三复习阶段,我认为,一定要抓好听写这一关。听写的内容可以是课本上的(课本是非常好的教学资源,要充分利用)单词,短语,句型和段落,也可以是英语报刊,教辅期刊上的精彩篇章,固定搭配或经典考题。通过听写,夯实基础,增强语感,提高阅读理解能力。
2、帮助学生提高阅读的速度,注意培养学生快速阅读 的习惯。
在阅读时,我们要提醒学生有意识地扩大视读的广度,把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读,并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑,形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭,只要全篇理解了,个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测,去推断。对个别不清楚的地方也可以再看几次。要留心关键词句,注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析,一定要坚持“词不离句,句不离篇”,要理解文章作者的原意,而不能按自己的意愿去想当然。
3、大量阅读,注意选材,讲解要有针对性。   当前的阅读理解选材越来越注重现代化、多样化、知识化和生活化,内容贴近生活,蕴涵着丰富的世界各国文化背景知识,具有强烈的时代感和交际性。就体裁而言,也涉及到记叙文、应用文、说明文等多种文体。只有通过大量阅读不同题材和体裁的短文,才能不断增强快速捕捉、掌握信息的准确度,也能提高面对较长篇幅阅读材料的心理承受能力。
我们在选择阅读材料时应注意,要选择那些能体现新课程改革对中考评价要求的,反映中考考试内容和要求最新变化的;选择的题目是最新的,经典的;题目的编排形式实用,且有一定创新的,这样才能更有效地提高效率。同时,教师在讲解阅读理解题时,一定要帮助学生认真分析错误的原因,找出症结所在,而不可一味地用翻译法去讲解,费时费力又效率低下。
阅读是一个语言与思维相互作用的过程。英语阅读课教学虽然没有固定的教学模式,但都有其内在的规律。实践证明,教师只有树立以学生为主体的思想,精心设计阅读教学过程,充分调动学生参与阅读的积极性,采用师生平等互动和生生互动的阅读教学策略,培养他们综合运用语言的能力,英语阅读课教学才能焕发活力。(共9张PPT)
2012年江西省中考英语复习研讨会
2011年试卷分析
2012年中考解读
命题原则和考查目标
整张试卷分析与解读
2011年试卷总分析:通过对2011年江西省三个有代表性的设区市(景德镇市,吉安市,萍乡市)共96255份英语中考试卷难度分析发现,学生的听力和阅读理解的能力在逐步提高,尤其是细节理解能力较强,但深层理解信息的能力、在语境和语篇中灵活运用词汇和语法的能力以及书面表达能力还有待提高。因此,教师在日常教学中应加强学生语篇理解能力,根据上下文进行逻辑推理和判断的能力以及语言表达能力的训练。
2012年中考解读:2012年英语中考试卷由听力理解,语言知识运用,阅读理解,书面表达四大部分组成。试卷由试题卷和答题卷两部分组成。试卷有五大题,一至四大题在试题卷上,第五大题在答题卷上。满分120分,考试时间120分钟。
听力测试
2011年试卷分析:试题特点语速适中,清晰度高。1~5小题基本有4题都能得分。听独白填空得分较差。
2012年中考解读:听力试题旨在考查考生对口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。在考生理解信息的基础上,考查其对信息进行推断、归纳和综合的能力。涉及的话题有人物、职业、爱好、天气、学校生活、问路、打电话、购物、看病、餐饮、聚会、旅游、节假日活动、语言学习等。本大题分A、B、C三部分。A部分共5小题,每小题1分;B部分共15小题,每小题1分;C部分共5小题,每小题1分,其中每个空格不超过3个单词。本大题所需时间约为20分钟。
单项选择
2011年试卷分析:单选试题特点强调语言的交际性和实用性;强调基础,知识覆盖面广;注重动词的考查。
2012年中考解读:本大题考查考生在一定的语境中运用语法、词汇及语用等知识的能力。语法的范围有:时态、语态、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、副词、代词、连词及相关词组等,主要考查词义辨析。共15小题,每小题1分。
完形填空
2011年试卷分析:分析发现学生只需要从句子层面理解的题,得分最高;需要从句子上下文或段落层面理解的题,得分其次;需要从整个语篇层面理解的题,得分最低,由此说明学生的语篇理解能力弱。
2012年中考解读:本大题测试考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。在选材上,体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议的议论文为主;题材丰富,主要反映人物、学习、生活、文化等方面的内容。所选材料具有鲜明的时代性、思想性、实用性或趣味性。文章内容贴近学生、贴近生活、贴近时代。在考查内容上,以词义辨析为主,尤其注重对实词的考查,主要考查结合上下文对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力。考查以实词为主,动词、名词为核心,形容词、副词铺垫,兼顾代词连词等。本大题分A、B两部分:A部分共15小题,每小题1分;B部分共10小题,每小题1分,其中在12个词选10个词里面,需要变形的词不超过3个。
阅读理解
2011年试卷分析:试题特点题材多样性,贴近生活;篇章安排由易到难,布局和设计科学合理。体裁上,A篇应用文(招聘广告)、B篇记叙文(人物介绍)、C篇议论文(文化差异)、D篇说明文(志愿组织),其中应用文和记叙文得分较高、议论文得分较低、说明文得分最低。
2012年中考解读:本题主要考查考生理解常见体裁和不同题材的书面材料的能力。内容包括几个重要的阅读微技能:领悟文章的主旨、理解文章的具体细节、根据上下文推测生词词义、作出简单的判断和推理、理清指代关系(今年新增)、理解文章的脉络结构、揣测作者的意图和态度等。体裁涉及:记叙文、说明文、议论文、科普文及各种应用文体,如广告、海报、地图、说明书、商品促销单、图表、书信等。题材反应人物、学习、生活、环保、科学、文化等各方面的内容。本大题分A、B两部分:A部分共15小题,每小题2分;B部分(七选五)共5小题,每小题2分。
书面表达
2011年试卷分析:得分情况两级分化比较严重。存在的问题有不重视审题、内容不完整、结构松散、调理不清、缺乏连接词。
2012年中考解读: 书面表达注重考查学生在特定情景中综合运用语言进行书面表达的能力,以控制性写作为主。命题形式以汉语提示为主,以英语和图文提示为辅,本大题要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一段不少于80个单词的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等。提供情景的形式有提纲、表格、图画、说明等。涉及的话题有:1 个人情况 2 家庭、朋友与周围的人 3 周围的环境 4 日常活动 5 学校生活 6 兴趣与爱好 7 个人情感 8 人际关系 9 计划与愿望 10 节假日活动 11 购物 12 饮食 13 健康 14 天气 15 文娱与体育 16 旅游和交通 17 语言学习 18 热点话题等。
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