2012年中考英语一轮复习7B Unit1讲解

七年级下册复习
第7课时－Unit 1 Dream homes, 7B
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. would like to live next to a restaurant (p6) → would like/want to do sth想做某事
【知识链接】注意疑问句及答句：—Would you like to do sth —Yes, I’d like/love to.
2. homes around the world世界各地的家园 (p8)
【知识链接】around/across/all over/throughout…遍及…，全… e.g. ⑴全世界：around/across/all over/throughout the world ⑵全国：around/across/all over/throughout the country
3. look out at the beach and the sea向外看海滩和大海
【知识链接】look out at…向外看…，look out of…向…外看→ look into…向…里看
4. see the sea and the beach from the bedroom windows →see…from…从某处看到某人或某物
5. rain a lot＝often rain经常下雨
【知识链接】rain vi.下雨&n.雨水→rainy有雨的 e.g. ①It rains a lot.＝There is a lot of rain. ②It was rainy last night. ③a heavy rain一场大雨 ④rain heavily下大雨
6. make dinner＝cook dinner做饭→ make常指手工制作，cook烹调 (p9)
7. on the fifth of June＝on 5th June＝on 5 June＝on June 5th＝on June 5 在6月5日
8. in the centre of…在…的中心，在…的中央→in the centre of the city在市中心
9. live with my family in a flat on a busy street和我的家人住在一条繁华街道的套房里
10. share a bedroom with my sister和我的姐姐合住一个卧室
【知识链接】share sth with sb和某人分享某物，和某人合用某物，e.g. share an umbrella with him
11. the best place to grow flowers种花的最好地方，动词不定式短语to grow flowers作后置定语 (p10)
12. more than=over多于，超过→less than少于，不到
13. on a shelf →on shelves在架子上，on the balcony在阳台上 (p13)
14. “到达”的三种表达方式：①arrive at＋小地方，arrive in＋大地方 ②get to… ③reach…
【知识链接】⑴到达这里/那里/家：①arrive here/there/home ②get here/there/home；此时不用reach ⑵到某人的家：arrive at sb’s home, get to sb’s home, reach sb’s home ⑶不说到达具体的地方，只能用arrive。e.g. I’ll call you when he arrives. ⑷arrive on Sunday不能用arrive at/in Sunday。
15. can’t wait to see you迫不及待见到你 → can’t wait to do sth迫不及待地做某事 (p17)
【知识链接】On Christmas morning children can’t wait to open the presents in the Christmas stockings.
16. take you to the Great Wall →take sb to…带某人去某地，不能用take sb to go to…
17. have your own bedroom 拥有你自己的卧室
【知识链接】own自己的，用于所有格之后表示强调。常用one’s own＋名词，of one’s own 自己独有的。e.g. ①a room of my own＝my own room ②She has her own car. =She has a car of her own.
18. at least至少→at most至多，两者都是后接数词＋名词。 (p22)
二．【百里挑一词汇】
1. 国家、首都名称：Japan →Tokyo, the USA →Washington D.C, France→Paris, Thailand→Bangkok, the UK/Great Britain→London, Russia→Moscow, Germany→Berlin(柏林), Australia→Canberra(堪培拉), Italy→Rome(罗马), Mexico →Mexico City(墨西哥城), India →New Delhi(新德里)
2. 与房屋相关的设施：balcony，kitchen，ladder，stairs，sitting/living room，dining room/hall，bedroom，furniture，armchair，bedside table，coffee table，cupboard，lamp，sofa，couch，bookcase/bookshelf，bath，bathroom，toilet，shower，sink，dinner table，fridge，air conditioner空调，DVD player DVD影碟机
3.【不同类型的旅行】journey指陆地上的长期旅行；travel/travelling指一般的旅行；tour指到各地的观光、考察的长途旅行；trip指短期间来回的商业或观光旅行。e.g. make a journey to…到某地旅行，如：He made a journey to Shenzhen on business.
三.【五星必背句型】
1. The capital of the USA is Washington DC.美国的首都是华盛顿。 (p7)
【知识链接】the capital of… …国家的首都，首都是惟一的，必须使用定冠词the修饰。
2. The house is over the river. (p8)
【知识链接】over在…的正上方，垂直向上，反义词是under在…正下方，垂直向下 e.g.
①There is a bridge over the river. ②It’s too hot. Let’s have a rest under the tree.
【用法拓展】above在…的下方，高于…，只说明物体间的上下关系，可能垂直，也可能不垂直。反义词是below在…的下方，低于…。above, below也可以表示“在几度以上或以下”。
e.g. ①The plane flew above the bridge. ②It’s cold. The temperature is below zero.
3. That sounds great/good.可以简写为Sounds great/good.听起来好极了。sound是连系动词。
4. 电话用语：
⑴请找某人接电话好吗？May/Can/Could I speak to… ⑵我就是。Speaking.
⑶你是谁？Who is that (speaking) 或Who’s calling ⑷你是…吗？Is that…
⑸我是…。This is…(speaking).
5. I would like all my friends to have a shower or a bath at the same time. → at the same time同时
【知识链接】would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事，have/take a shower/bath洗淋浴/洗澡
6. Wilson lives two floors above Wendy. Mary lives six floors below Wendy. 注意介词above/below的使用。
四.【中考无敌语法】方位介词、基数词、序数词
㈠方位介词
⒈常见的方位介词：above→below, behind→in front of, at/in the front of→at the back of, at, in, beside, beyond, before→after, by, between, among, inside→outside, next to, on, opposite, over→under, on the left/right, on the left/right of…
⑴在…的上面→ above, on和over：over在…的正上方；above在…的上方；on在…的上面，通常与物体的表面接触，注意“在树上”的区别：①on the tree (树上生长的) ②in the tree (非树上生长的)
⑵在→ at, in和on：at指较小的地方；in指较大的地方，意为“在…的内部”；on泛指在物体的表面。at与in的大与小往往是相对而言的，有时取决于说话者的态度。
⑶在…的前面→ before, in front of和in/at the front of：in front of主要指一物体在另一物体的前面，两者是分开的，而in/at the front of则指一物体中有一部分位于前部，即两者是包容的；before指时间和空间上的顺序，也可用于抽象事物之前，一般不用于建筑物之前。
①The girl sitting in front of me is Millie. ②The introduction is always in the front of the book.
③You must check your homework carefully before handing it in.
⑷beyond在…的那一边，outside在…的外面，over在…的上方。The house is beyond the bridge.
⑸在…的中间→ between用于两者之间；among用于两者以上之间。若两者以上的人或物中有and时，用between，而不用among。
①Audrey Hepburn is among the most famous actresses.
②Ecuador (厄瓜多尔) lies between Columbia, Peru and the Pacific Ocean.
⑹在…之后→ after和behind：after常与动态动词连用；behind常与静态动词连用。
①He had left his wallet on the table, so I went after him. ②His coat is hanging behind the door.
⑺在…的对面→ opposite：opposite也可作形容词，意为“相对的”。
①The window is opposite the door. ②He lives on the opposite side of the street.在这条街的对面
㈡基数词和序数词
数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。
数词有两种：表示数目多少的词叫做基数词；表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词。
⒈基数词的构成
⑴1－12的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
⑵13－19均由3－9加后缀-teen构成。注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法。
13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen
⑶20－90等十位数均由2－9加后缀-ty构成。注意twenty, thirty, forty, eighty的拼法。
20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety
⑷21－29由十位数20加个位数1－9构成，中间必须有连字符“-”；其他十位数依此类推。
21 twenty-one, 22 twenty-two, 23 twenty-three, 24 twenty-four, 25 twenty-five, 26 twenty-six,
27 twenty-seven, 28 twenty-eight, 29 twenty-nine, 64 sixty, 75 seventy-five, 86 eighty-six
⑸百位数由1－9加hundred构成，如果包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接；如果只包含个位数，即十位数为零时，必须用and连接。
100 a/one hundred, 200 two hundred, 300 three hundred, 706 seven hundred and six
⑹千位数由1－9加thousand构成，百位数前不加and，其后的十位、个位数构成方法同前。
1,000 one thousand, 5,800 five thousand, eight hundred , 2008 two thousand and eight
⑺英语中没有“万”这一单位，用thousand表示万。10,000 ten thousand，20,000 twenty thousand
⑻十万的说法。100,000 one hundred thousand，500,000 five hundred thousand
⑼百万的说法。1,000,000 one million，2,000,000 two million
⑽千万、亿、十亿的说法。1千万ten million, 1亿one hundred million, 10亿one billion
⒉基数词的用法
⑴基数词相当于名词，可以有复数形式，其构成方法及读音与名词相同。a man in his fifties
⑵hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several时，必须用单数形式。
three hundred, five thousand, several thousand, fifty million, eight billion
⑶hundred, thousand, million表示不确定数目时，必须用复数形式，后接of短语。
hundreds of, many hundreds of, thousands of, many thousands of, millions of, many millions of,
tens of hundreds of数千, hundreds of thousands of数十万
⑷表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数。
in the 1970s/1970’s中的1970s/1970’s读作nineteen seventies，in one’s sixties在某人60多岁时
⑸与基数词合成的复合定语，其中的名词用单数。
an eleven-year-old boy, a fifty-metre-wide river
⒊序数词的构成
⑴1－12的序数词：①1st first, 2nd second, 3rd third ②4th fourth, 6th sixth, 7th seventh, 10th tenth, 11th eleventh ③5th fifth, 12th twelfth ④8th eighth, 9th ninth
⑵13－19的序数词，直接在基数词后加th。13th thirteenth, 14th fourteenth, 15th fifteenth, 16th sixteenth, 17th seventeenth, 18th eighteenth, 19th nineteenth
⑶整位数的序数词的构成方法是：先将词尾-ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth。
20th twentieth, 30th thirtieth, 40th fortieth, 50th fiftieth, 60th sixtieth, 70th seventieth, 80th eightieth,
90th ninetieth
⑷两位数的序数词如果包含1－9的个位时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间必须有连字符“-”。
21st twenty-first, 32nd thirty-second, 43rd forty-third, 54th fifty-fourth, 98th ninety-eighth
⑸百、千、万等的序数词有hundred, thousand等加-th，前面加有关的基数词构成。
100th one hundredth, 1000th one thousandth
【记忆口诀】基变序有规律，词尾大多加th。一、二、三特殊记，词尾字母t, d, d。
th从four起，八减t，九去e，f来把ve替；
整十y变ie，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。