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助您教考全无忧
2012年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、单项选择
1.-Look
at
those
clouds!
-Don't
worry.
______
it
rains,
we'll
still
have
a
great
time.
A.?Even
if????????????????????B.?As
though????????????????????C.?In
case????????????????????D.?If
only
2.By
the
time
you
have
finished
this
book,
your
meal
______
cold.
A.?gets?????????????????????B.?has
got?????????????????????C.?will
get?????????????????????D.?is
getting
3.One
learns
a
knowledge
by
making
mistakes
and
______
them.
A.?corrects?????????????????B.?correct?????????????????C.?to
correct?????????????????D.?correcting
4.Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
______
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.
A.?why?????????????????????????B.?how?????????????????????????C.?that?????????????????????????D.?whether
5.George
said
that
he
would
come
to
school
to
see
me
the
next
day,
but
he
______.
A.?wouldn't??????????????????????B.?didn't??????????????????????C.?hasn't??????????????????????D.?hadn't
6.When
deeply
absorbed
in
work,
______
he
often
was,
he
would
forget
all
about
eating
or
sleeping.
A.?that?????????????????????????B.?which?????????????????????????C.?where?????????????????????????D.?when
7.Many
people
have
donated
that
type
of
blood;
however,
the
blood
bank
needs
_____.
A.?some??????????????????????????B.?less??????????????????????????C.?much??????????????????????????D.?more
8.—Have
you
heard
about
that
fire
in
the
market?
—Yes,
fortunately
no
one
______.
A.?hurt?????????????????B.?was
hurt?????????????????C.?has
hurt?????????????????D.?had
been
hurt
9.Our
friendship
______
quickly
over
the
weeks
that
followed.
A.?had
developed??????B.?was
developing??????C.?would
develop??????D.?developed
10.______
at
the
door
before
you
enter
my
room,
please.
A.?Knock??????????????????B.?Knocking??????????????????C.?Knocked??????????????????D.?To
knock
11.Birds'
singing
is
sometimes
a
warning
to
other
birds
______
away.
A.?to
stay???????????????????????B.?staying???????????????????????C.?stayed???????????????????????D.?stay
12.We
_______
the
difficulty
together,
but
why
didn't
you
tell
me?
A.?should
face??????B.?might
face??????C.?could
have
faced??????D.?must
have
faced
13.Do
you
think
the
T-shirt
is
too
tight
_____the
shoulder?
A.?at??????????????????????????????B.?on??????????????????????????????C.?to??????????????????????????????D.?across
14.Don't
handle
the
vase
as
if
it
______
made
of
steel.
A.?is???????????????????????B.?were???????????????????????C.?has
been???????????????????????D.?had
been
二、完形填空
15.完形填空
?
???“Mama，when
I
grow
up，I'm
going
to
be
one
of
those！”
I
said
this
after
seeing
the
Capital
Dancing
Company
perform
when
I
was
three.It
was
the
first
time
that
my
1
took
on
a
vivid
form
and
acted
as
something
important
to
start
my
training.As
I
grew
older
and
was
2
to
more，my
interests
in
the
world
of
dance
3
varied
but
that
little
girl's
dream
of
someday
becoming
a
4
in
the
company
never
left
me.In
the
summer
of
2005
when
I
was
18，I
received
the
phone
call
which
made
that
dream
a
5
；
I
became
a
member
of
the
company
6
back
to
1925.
?
??As
I
look
back
on
that
day
now，it
surely
7
any
sense
of
reality.I
believe
I
stayed
in
a
state
of
pleasant
disbelief
8
I
was
halfway
through
rehearsals(排练)
on
my
first
day.I
never
actually
9
to
get
the
job.After
being
offered
the
position，I
was
completely
10
.I
remember
shaking
with
excitement.
?
??Though
I
was
absolutely
thrilled
with
the
change，it
did
not
come
without
its
fair
share
of
11
.Through
the
strict
rehearsal
period
of
dancing
six
days
a
week，I
found
it
vital
to
12
up
the
material
fast
with
every
last
bit
of
concentration.It
is
that
extreme
13
to
detail(细节)
and
stress
on
practice
that
set
us
14
.To
then
follow
those
high?energy
rehearsals
15
a
busy
show
schedule
of
up
to
five
performances
a
day，I
discovered
a
new
16
of
the
words
“hard
work”.What
I
thought
were
my
physical
17
were
pushed
much
further
than
I
thought
18
.I
learned
to
make
each
performance
better
than
the
last.
?
??Today，when
I
look
at
the
unbelievable
company
that
I
have
the
great
19
of
being
a
part
of，not
only
as
a
member，but
as
a
dance
captain，I
see
a
20
that
has
inspired
not
only
generations
of
little
girls
but
a
splendid
company
that
continues
to
develop
and
grow—and
inspires
people
every
day
to
follow
their
dreams.
1.
A.
hobby
B.
plan
C.
dream
D.
word
2.
A.
connected
B.
expanded
C.
exposed
D.
extended
3.
A.
rarely
B.
certainly
C.
probably
D.
consistently
4.
A.
director
B.
trainer
C.
leader
D.
dancer
5.
A.
symbol
B.
memory
C.
truth
D.
reality
6.
A.
bouncing
B.
dating
C.
turning
D.
tracking
7.
A.
lacks
B.
adds
C.
makes
D.
brings
8.
A.
while
B.
since
C.
until
D.
when
9.
A.
cared
B.
expected
C.
asked
D.
decided
10.
A.
motivated
B.
relaxed
C.
convinced
D.
astonished
11.
A.
challenges
B.
profits
C.
advantages
D.
adventures
12.
A.
put
B.
mix
C.
build
D.
pick
13.
A.
attention
B.
association
C.
attraction
D.
adaptation
14.
A.
apart
B.
aside
C.
off
D.
back
15.
A.
over
B.
by
C.
with
D.
beyond
16.
A.
function
B.
meaning
C.
expression
D.
usage
17.
A.
boundaries
B.
problems
C.
barriers
D.
efforts
18.
A.
necessary
B.
perfect
C.
proper
D.
possible
19.
A.
talent
B.
honor
C.
potential
D.
responsibility
20.
A.
victory
B.
trend
C.
tradition
D.
desire
三、阅读理解
16.阅读理解
The
Basics
of
Math—Made
Clear
?
??Basic
Math
introduces
students
to
the
basic
concepts
of
mathematics,
as
well
as
the
fundamentals
of
more
tricky
areas.
These
30
fantastic
lectures
are
designed
to
provide
students
with
an
understanding
of
arithmetic
and
to
prepare
them
for
Algebra(代数)
and
beyond.
?
??The
lessons
in
Basic
Math
cover
every
basic
aspect
of
arithmetic.
They
also
look
into
exponents(指数),
the
order
of
operations,
and
square
roots.
In
addition
to
learning
how
to
perform
various
mathematical
operations,
students
discover
why
these
operations
work,
how
a
particular
mathematical
topic
relates
to
other
branches
of
mathematics,
and
how
these
operations
can
be
used
practically.
?
??Basic
Math
starts
from
the
relatively
easier
concepts
and
gradually
moves
on
to
the
more
troublesome
ones,
so
as
to
allow
for
steady
and
sure
understanding
of
the
material
by
students.
The
lectures
offer
students
the
chance
to
“make
sense”
of
mathematical
knowledge
that
may
have
seemed
so
frightening.
They
also
help
students
prepare
for
college
mathematics
and
overcome
their
anxiety
about
this
amazing—and
completely
understandable—field
of
study.
?
??By
the
conclusion
of
the
course,
students
will
have
improved
their
understanding
of
basic
math.
They
will
be
able
to
clear
away
the
mystery(神秘性)
of
mathematics
and
face
their
studies
with
more
confidence
than
they
ever
imagined.
In
addition,
they
will
strengthen
their
ability
to
accept
new
and
exciting
mathematical
challenges.
?
??Professor
H.
Siegel,
honored
by
Kentucky
Educational
Television
as
“the
best
math
teacher
in
America,”
is
a
devoted
teacher
and
has
a
gift
for
explaining
mathematical
concepts
in
ways
that
make
them
seem
clear
and
obvious.
From
the
basic
concrete
ideas
to
the
more
abstract
problems,
he
is
master
in
making
math
lectures
learner-friendlier
and
less
scary.
?
??With
a
PhD
in
Mathematics
Education
from
Georgia
State
University,
Dr.
Siegel
teaches
mathematics
at
Central
Arizona
College.
His
courses
include
various
make-up
classes
and
a
number
of
lectures
for
future
primary
school
teachers.
?
??If
the
course
fails
to
provide
complete
satisfaction
to
you,
you
can
easily
exchange
it
for
any
other
course
that
we
offer.
Or
you
can
get
your
money
back.
（1）What
does
the
course
Basic
Math
mainly
cover?
A.Algebra.
B.College
Mathematics.
C.Arithmetic.
D.Mathematics
Education.
（2）What
benefits
can
students
expect
from
Basic
Math?
A.Stronger
imaginative
ability.
B.Additional
presentation
skills.
C.More
mathematical
confidence.
D.Greater
chances
of
becoming
teachers.
（3）What
can
we
learn
about
Professor
H.
Siegel?
A.He
is
a
guest
lecturer
at
Kentucky
Educational
Television.
B.He
is
to
deliver
30
lectures
in
Basic
Math.
C.He
works
in
Georgia
State
University.
D.He
specializes
in
training
teachers.
（4）Where
is
the
passage
most
likely
to
have
been
taken
from?
A.A
news
report.
B.A
book
review
C.A
lesson
plan.
D.An
advertisement
17.阅读理解
?
??Proudly
reading
my
words,
I
glanced
around
the
room,
only
to
find
my
classmates
bearing
big
smiles
on
their
faces
and
tears
in
their
eyes.
Confused,
I
glanced
toward
my
stone-faced
teacher.
Having
no
choice,
I
slowly
raised
the
report
I
had
slaved
over,
hoping
to
hide
myself.
“What
could
be
causing
everyone
to
act
this
way?”
?
??Quickly,
I
flashed
back
to
the
day
Miss
Lancelot
gave
me
the
task.
This
was
the
first
real
talk
I
received
in
my
new
school.
It
seemed
simple:
go
on
the
Internet
and
find
information
about
a
man
named
George
Washington.
Since
my
idea
of
history
came
from
an
ancient
teacher
in
my
home
country,
I
had
never
heard
of
that
name
before.
As
I
searched
the
name
of
this
fellow,
it
became
evident
that
there
were
two
people
bearing
the
same
name
who
looked
completely
different!
One
invented
hundreds
of
uses
for
peanuts,
while
the
other
led
some
sort
of
army
across
America.
I
stared
at
the
screen,
wondering
which
one
my
teacher
meant.
I
called
my
grandfather
for
a
golden
piece
of
advice;
flip
(掷)
a
coin.
Heads—the
commander,
and
tails—the
peanuts
guy.
Ah!
Tails,
my
report
would
be
about
the
great
man
who
invented
peanut
butter,
George
Washington
Carver.
?
??Weeks
later,
standing
before
this
unfriendly
mass,
I
was
totally
lost.
Oh
well,
I
lowered
the
paper
and
sat
down
at
my
desk,burningto
find
out
what
I
had
done
wrong.
As
a
classmate
began
his
report,
it
all
became
clear,
“My
report
is
on
George
Washington,
the
man
who
started
the
American
Revolution.”
The
whole
world
became
quite!
How
could
I
know
that
she
meant
that
George
Washington?
?
??Obviously,
my
grade
was
awful.
Heartbroken
but
fearless,
I
decided
to
turn
this
around.
I
talked
to
Miss
Lancelot,
but
she
insisted:
No
re-dos;
no
new
grade.
I
felt
that
the
punishment
was
not
justified,
and
I
believed
I
deserved
a
second
chance.
Consequently,
I
threw
myself
heartily
into
my
work
for
the
rest
of
the
school
year.
Ten
months
later,
that
chance
unfolded
as
I
found
myself
sitting
in
the
headmaster's
office
with
my
grandfather,
now
having
an
entirely
different
conversation.
I
smiled
and
flashed
back
to
the
embarrassing
moment
at
the
beginning
of
the
year
as
the
headmaster
informed
me
of
my
option
to
skip
the
sixth
grade.
Justice
is
sweet!
（1）What
did
the
author's
classmates
think
about
his
report?
A.Controversial.
B.Ridiculous.
C.Boring.
D.Puzzling.
（2）Why
was
the
author
confused
about
the
task?
A.He
was
unfamiliar
with
American
history.
B.He
followed
the
advice
and
flipped
a
coin.
C.He
forgot
his
teacher's
instruction.
D.He
was
new
at
the
school.
（3）The
underlined
word
“burning”
in
Para.
3
probably
means
_______.
A.annoyed
B.ashamed
C.ready
D.eager
（4）In
the
end,
the
author
turned
things
around
_______.
A.by
redoing
his
task
B.through
his
own
efforts
C.with
the
help
of
his
grandfather
D.under
the
guidance
of
his
headmaster
18.阅读理解
Decision-making
under
Stress
?
??A
new
review
based
on
a
research
shows
that
acute
stress
affects
the
way
the
brain
considers
the
advantages
and
disadvantages,
causing
it
to
focus
on
pleasure
and
ignore
the
possible
negative
(负面的)
consequences
of
a
decision.
????
The
research
suggests
that
stress
may
change
the
way
people
make
choices
in
predictable
ways.
?
??“Stress
affects
how
people
learn,”
says
Professor
Mara
Mather.
“People
learn
better
about
positive
than
negative
outcomes
under
stress.”
?
??For
example,
two
recent
studies
looked
at
how
people
learned
to
connect
images(影像)
with
either
rewards
or
punishments.
In
one
experiment,
some
of
the
participants
were
first
stressed
by
having
to
give
a
speech
and
do
difficult
math
problems
in
front
of
an
audience;
in
the
other,
some
were
stressed
by
having
to
keep
their
hands
in
ice
water.
In
both
cases,
the
stressed
participants
remembered
the
rewarded
material
more
accurately
and
the
punished
material
less
accurately
than
those
who
hadn't
gone
through
the
stress.
?
??This
phenomenon
is
likely
not
surprising
to
anyone
who
has
tried
to
resist
eating
cookies
or
smoking
a
cigarette
while
under
stress
–at
those
moments,
only
the
pleasure
associated
with
such
activities
comes
to
mind.
But
the
findings
further
suggest
that
stress
may
bring
about
a
double
effect.
Not
only
are
rewarding
experiences
remembered
better,
but
negative
consequences
are
also
easily
recalled.
?
??The
research
also
found
that
stress
appears
to
affect
decision-making
differently
in
men
and
women.
While
both
men
and
women
tend
to
focus
on
rewards
and
less
on
consequences
under
stress,
their
responses
to
risk
turn
out
to
be
different.
?
??Men
who
had
been
stressed
by
the
cold-water
task
tended
to
take
more
risks
in
the
experiment
while
women
responded
in
the
opposite
way.
In
stressful
situations
in
which
risk-taking
can
pay
off
big,
men
may
tend
to
do
better,
when
caution
weighs
more,
however,
women
will
win.
?
??This
tendency
to
slow
down
and
become
more
cautious
when
decisions
are
risky
might
also
help
explain
why
women
are
less
likely
to
become
addicted
than
men:
they
may
more
often
avoid
making
the
risky
choices
that
eventually
harden
into
addiction.
（1）We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
people
under
pressure
tend
to
______.
A.keep
rewards
better
in
their
memory
B.recall
consequences
more
effortlessly
C.make
risky
decisions
more
frequently
D.learn
a
subject
more
effectively
（2）According
to
the
research,
stress
affects
people
most
probably
in
their
______.
A.ways
of
making
choices
B.preference
for
pleasure
C.tolerance
of
punishments
D.responses
to
suggestions
（3）The
research
has
proved
that
in
a
stressful
situation,
______.
A.women
find
it
easier
to
fall
into
certain
habits
B.men
have
a
greater
tendency
to
slow
down
C.women
focus
more
on
outcomes
D.men
are
more
likely
to
take
risks
19.阅读理解
Wilderness
?
??“In
wilderness(荒野)
is
the
preservation
of
the
world.”
This
is
a
famous
saying
from
a
writer
regarded
as
one
of
the
fathers
of
environmentalism.
The
frequency
with
which
it
is
borrowed
mirrors
a
heated
debate
on
environmental
protection:
whether
to
place
wilderness
at
the
heart
of
what
is
to
be
preserved.??
????
As
John
Sauven
of
Greenpeace
UK
points
out,
there
is
a
strong
appeal
in
images
of
the
wild,
the
untouched;
more
than
anything
else,
they
speak
of
the
nature
that
many
people
value
most
dearly.
The
urge
to
leave
the
subject
of
such
images
untouched
is
strong,
and
the
danger
exploitation(开发)
brings
to
such
landscapes(景观)
is
real.
Some
of
these
wildernesses
also
perform
functions
that
humans
need—the
rainforests,
for
example,
store
carbon
in
vast
quantities.
To
Mr.Sauven,
these
”ecosystem
services”
far
outweigh
the
gains
from
exploitation.
?
??Lee
Lane,
a
visiting
fellow
at
the
Hudson
Institute,
takes
the
opposing
view.
He
acknowledges
that
wildernesses
do
provide
useful
services,
such
as
water
conservation.
But
that
is
not,
he
argues,
a
reason
to
avoid
all
human
presence,
or
indeed
commercial
and
industrial
exploitation.
There
are
ever
more
people
on
the
Earth,
and
they
reasonably
and
rightfully
want
to
have
better
lives,
rather
than
merely
struggle
for
survival.
While
the
ways
of
using
resources
have
improved,
there
is
still
a
growing
need
for
raw
materials,
and
some
wildernesses
contain
them
in
abundance.
If
they
can
be
tapped
without
reducing
the
services
those
wildernesses
provide,
the
argument
goes,
there
is
no
further
reason
not
to
do
so.
Being
untouched
is
not,
in
itself,
a
characteristic
worth
valuing
above
all
others.
?
??I
look
forwards
to
seeing
these
views
taken
further,
and
to
their
being
challenged
by
the
other
participants.
One
challenge
that
suggests
itself
to
me
is
that
both
cases
need
to
take
on
the
question
of
spiritual
value
a
little
more
directly.
And
there
is
a
practical
question
as
to
whether
wildernesses
can
be
exploited
without
harm.
?
??This
is
a
topic
that
calls
for
not
only
free
expression
of
feelings,
but
also
the
guidance
of
reason.
What
position
wilderness
should
enjoy
in
the
preservation
of
the
world
obviously
deserves
much
more
serious
thinking.
（1）John
Sauven
holds
that_____.
A.many
people
value
nature
too
much
B.exploitation
of
wildernesses
is
harmful
C.wildernesses
provide
humans
with
necessities
D.the
urge
to
develop
the
ecosystem
services
is
strong
（2）What
is
the
main
idea
of
Para.
3?
A.The
exploitation
is
necessary
for
the
poor
people.
B.Wildernesses
cannot
guarantee
better
use
of
raw
materials.
C.Useful
services
of
wildernesses
are
not
the
reason
for
no
exploitation.
D.All
the
characteristics
concerning
the
exploitation
should
be
treated
equally.
（3）What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
this
debate?
A.Objective.
B.Disapproving.
C.Sceptical.
D.Optimistic.
（4）Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?（CP:
Central
Point??
P:
Point??
Sp:
Sub-point(次要点)?
C:
Conclusion）
A.
B.
C.
D.
四、七选五
20.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
???
Last
year,
researchers
from
the
University
of
Michigan
reported
that
empathy,
the
ability
to
understand
other
people,
among
college
students
had
dropped
sharply
over
the
past
10
years.________Today,
people
spend
more
time
alone
and
are
less
likely
to
join
groups
and
clubs.
Jennifer
Freed,
a
co-director
of
a
teen
program,
has
another
explanation.
Turn
on
the
TV,
and
you're
showered
with
news
and
reality
shows
full
of
people
fighting,
competing,
and
generally
treating
one
another
with
no
respect.________There
are
good
reasons
not
to
follow
those
bad
examples.
Humans
are
socially
related
by
nature.________Researchers
have
also
found
that
empathetic
teenagers
are
more
likely
to
have
high
self-respect.
Besides,
empathy
can
be
a
cure
for
loneliness,
sadness,
anxiety,
and
fear.Empathy
is
also
an
indication
of
a
good
leader.
In
fact,
Freed
says,
many
top
companies
report
that
empathy
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
they
look
for
in
new
managers.________?“Academics
are
important.
But
if
you
don't
have
emotional
(情感的)
intelligence,
you
won't
be
as
successful
in
work
or
in
your
love
life,”
she
says.What's
the
best
way
to
up
your
EQ
(情商）?
For
starters,
let
down
your
guard
and
really
listen
to
others.________To
really
develop
empathy,
you'd
better
volunteer
at
a
nursing
home
or
a
hospital,
join
a
club
or
a
team
that
has
a
diverse
membership,
have
a
“sharing
circle”
with
your
family,
or
spend
time
caring
for
pets
at
an
animal
shelter.
A.
Everyone
is
different,
and
levels
of
empathy
differ
from
person
to
person.
B.
That
could
be
because
so
many
people
have
replaced
face
time
with
screen
time,
the
researchers
said.
C.
“One
doesn't
develop
empathy
by
having
a
lot
of
opinions
and
doing
a
lot
of
talking,”
Freed
says.
D.
Humans
learn
by
example—and
most
of
the
examples
on
it
are
anything
but
empathetic.
E.
Empathy
is
a
matter
of
learning
how
to
understand
someone
else—both
what
they
think
and
how
they
feel.
F.
Good
social
skills—including
empathy—are
a
kind
of
“emotional
intelligence”
that
will
help
you
succeed
in
many
areas
of
life.
G.
Having
relationships
with
other
people
is
an
important
part
of
being
human—and
having
empathy
is
decisive
to
those
relationships.
五、书面表达
21.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：（1）日记的开头已为你写好。（2）词数不少于60。
Saturday，June2???????????????????????????????????????
????Fine
?
??This
morning
22.请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
?
??You
are
discussing
the
following
picture
with
your
English
friend
Jim.
Now
you
are
telling
him
how
you
understand
the
picture
and
what
makes
you
think
so.
答案解析部分
一、>单项选择
1.【答案】
A
【考点】让步状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——看那些云！——别担心。就算下雨，我们也能玩儿的开心。A.
Even
if“
即使”；B.
As
though“仿佛”；C.
In
case“万一”；D.
If
only“要是……多好”。根据句意，这是一个让步状语从句，选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及even
if引导的让步状语从句。
2.【答案】
C
【考点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：等你读完这本书，饭就该凉了。本题旨在考查时间状语从句中的主将从现，选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般将来时的应用。
3.【答案】
D
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：人通过犯错和改错学习知识。在and周围出现的动词形式分别对应A、D两个选项。选择A项应为主语发出的连续动作，但是them所指与a
knowledge相悖无法还原，应为指代mistakes，故其前动词形式应与mistakes前得动词形式一直，即doing。选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作介词宾语的应用。
4.【答案】
C
【考点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：Jerry并不后悔做出这样的评论，但是感觉他本可以换种方式表达。这是一个宾语从句，从句内容完整，用that连接，选C。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句。
5.【答案】
B
【考点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：George说他第二天本想来学校看我的，但是他很忙。本题已知部分发生在过去，那么转折内容也应与过去相关，选择范围B、D。有了想法才可以去做相应的动作，忙发生在说之后，而非之前，因此排除D。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
6.【答案】
B
【考点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。本题主句部分完整，且选项包含that,
which因此在考查定语从句。应先分析空格之后的句子成分，本题缺少was的表语，且空格前有逗号，应选which。B为正确答案。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7.【答案】
D
【考点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：很多人已经捐了很多那种血，然而血库需要更多。need
more“需要更多”，more后面省略了blood,故D正确。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分some，less，much，more的含义和用法。
8.【答案】
B
【考点】动词的语态，一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你听说市场着火了么？——是啊，好在没人受伤。人和伤害之间是被动关系，排除A、C两个选项。根据题意，首先，对话当中现在完成多在问句中，而一般过去时多出现在答句，表示对过去事实的陈述；其次，D选项若成立，受伤就应发生在着火之前，显然不合逻辑，应排除。选B。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时本被动语态。
9.【答案】
D
【考点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的友谊在接下来的几个星期里发展迅速。根据时间状语the
weeks
that
followed的表达约等于the
last
few
weeks，这一时间状语已经把时间定格在过去，应选用一般过去时。故答案选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
10.【答案】
A
【考点】祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：麻烦您进我屋之前先敲门。考生若能识别before是状语从句连接词，便可想到空格位置应该是主句部分的谓语，只有A项符合条件。选A。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及祈使句，以及句型“祈使句+and/or+简单句”。
11.【答案】
A
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：鸟叫有时是为了警告其他的鸟远离他们。空格置于句中，主谓与to
do之间无逗号间隔，译为“为了”选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式做目的状语的情况。
12.【答案】
C
【考点】情态动词have
done的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你没有告诉我。根据句意说明是对过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用“情态动词+have
done”；could
have
done“本可以做某事，实际上却未做”；must
have
done“一定做了某事”。故C正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分could
have
done和must
have
done。
13.【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意：你认为那件T恤衫肩膀的地方紧吗？A.at
"在"；B.on"物体的表面"；C.to"到"；D.across"穿越，表示一个宽度".，根据句意，可知答案D符合语境。
【点评】考查介词辨析，区分at，on，to，across的含义和用法。
14.【答案】
B
【考点】虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：别把这花瓶拿得跟它好像是用钢做的似的。as
if“仿佛，好像”其后内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B。
【点评】考查虚拟语气，本题涉及对现在情况的假设。
二、>完形填空
15.【答案】（1）C；（2）C；（3）C；（4）D；（5）D；（6）B；（7）A；（8）C；（9）C；（10）D；（11）A；（12）D；（13）A；（14）A；（15）C；（16）B；（17）A；（18）D；（19）B；（20）C；
【考点】夹叙夹议，单项选择型，人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过亲身经历告诉我们原本认为不可能的事通过努力也会成为可能，我们要挑战自己的极限，时刻鼓舞自己去实现梦想。
（1）考查名词。A.
hobby”爱好“；B.
plan”计划“；C.
dream
”梦想“；D.
word”话语“。此处指我想当舞蹈家的梦想第一次具体化的表现出来，根据句意选C。
（2）考查动词。
A
connected
”连接“；B.
expanded
”扩大“；C.
exposed”显露，暴露“；D.
extended”延伸“。expose
to“处于……影响”，此处指随着不断长大我受更多东西的影响。故选C。
（3）考查副词。A.
rarely”很少地“；B.
certainly”当然“；C.
probably”或许“；D.
consistently”一致地“。此处指我对舞蹈的兴趣当然改变了，有了不同的理解。故选B。
（4）考查名词。
A.
director”导演“；B.
trainer”训练员“；C.
leader”领导“；D.
dancer”舞蹈家“。此处指一个小女孩想成为舞蹈家的梦想一直没离开过我。与上文内容呼应故选D。
（5）考查名词。
A.
symbol”象征，符号“；B.
memory”记忆“；C.
truth”真理“；D.
reality”现实“。我接到了一个使我梦想变为现实的电话，根据下文可知进入了舞蹈团参加了舞蹈排练，故选D。
（6）考查动词。
A.
bouncing”弹跳“；B.
dating
”约会，定日期“；C.
turning”旋转“；D.
tracking”跟踪“。date
back“追溯到，回溯到”，此处指首都舞蹈公司开始于1925年，故选B。
（7）考查动词。
A.
lacks”缺少“；B.
adds”增加“；C.
makes”制作“；D.
brings”带来“。我现在回想那时，确实缺失现实感。指总觉得不是真的，故选A。
（8）考查连词。A.
while”当……时“；B.
since”因为，既然“；C.
until”直到“；D.
when”当……时“。我一直处于一种兴奋的怀疑状态直到第一天排练了一半才感觉是真的。根据句意选C。
（9）考查动词。
A.
Cared”关心“；B.
Expected”预期“；C.
Asked”问“；D.
Decided”决定“。此处指事实上我并没有过多期望得到那份工作，根据句意选B。
（10）考查动词。A.
motivated”激发“；B.
relaxed”放松“；C.
convinced”使确信“；D.
astonished”吃惊“。因为没想到所以给了我这个机会后我完全震惊了，我兴奋地颤抖。根据情境选D。
（11）考查名词。A.
challenges”挑战“；B.
profits
”收益“；C.
advantages”优势“；D.
adventures”冒险“。虽然我很兴奋，但它也给我带来了公平分配的挑战。此处指我也有压力，故选A。
（12）考查动词。A.
put”放“；B.
mix”混合“；C.
build
”建造“；D.
pick”
挑选“。此处指快速挑选材料很重要。故选D。
13）考查名词。A.
attention”注意“；B.
association”协会，联盟“；C.
attraction
”吸引“；D.
adaptation”适应“。句意：是对细节的特别注意和排练的压力使我们有了差距。要注重细节，故选A。
（14）考查副词。A.
set
apart”使分离，区别“；B.
set
aside
”留出，不顾“；C.
set
off
”出发“；D.
set
back”推迟“。细节的特别注意和排练的压力使我们有了差距，是这重要的两点拉开了我们的距离，故选A。
（15）考查介词。A.
over”在……上“；B.
by”通过“；C.
with”和“；D.
beyond”
超过“。此处指高能的排练和一天五次紧张的表演，两者是并列关系，故选C。
（16）考查名词。A.
function”功能“；B.
meaning”意义“；C.
expression”表达“；D.
usage”使用“。通过紧张繁忙的排练我发现了hard
work的意义，指有了更深的理解。故选B。
（17）考查名词。A.
boundaries”界限，极限“；B.
problems”问题“；C.
barriers”屏障“；D.
efforts”努力“。此处指我身体的极限比我原认为的可能被更深地推进，根据句意选A。
（18）考查形容词。A.
necessary”必要的“；B.
perfect”完美的“；C.
proper”适当的“；D.
possible”可能的“。我身体的极限比我原认为的可能被更深地推进，指原来认为不可能的事现在变成了现实，故选D。
（19）考查名词。A.
talent
”天资“；B.
honor”荣誉“；C.
potential”潜能“；D.
responsibility”责任“。此处指我作为舞蹈团队一员拥有的巨大荣誉，故选B。
（20）考查名词。A.
victory”胜利“；B.
trend
”趋势“；C.
tradition
”传统“；D.
desire"渴望"。句意：我看到了鼓舞了不仅小女孩一代而且还有继续发展和成长的公司的那种传统，这种传统每天还鼓舞着有梦想的人们去追梦。根据句意选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词
、动词、连词、副词、介词、形容词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、>阅读理解
16.【答案】
（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一门基础数学的课程，对课程的内容，上课的目的，师资进行了阐述。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The
lessons
in
Basic
Math
cover
every
basic
aspect
of
arithmetic”基础数学涵盖算数的所有基础方面。故正确答案为C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"face
their
studies
with
more
confidence
than
they
ever
imagined"比想象中的更加自信的去面对他们的学习。故正确答案为C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五，六段可推知H.
Siegel
是上课老师，故推出此人上30节课,故选B。
（4）考查写作目的。根据大意：如果未能给您提供满意的课程可以换课或者拿回学费。可知D为正确答案。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和写作目的三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
17.【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了主人公“我”在完成老师交待的任务时，对美国历史不是很熟悉，介绍的华盛顿这个人物不是历史上领导美国革命的华盛顿，而是另外一个人。在课堂上，读自己写的有关人物的报告时，引起了同学的嘲笑，分数也很低，接下来的时间，主人公“我”努力学习，并最终取得了好的成绩。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Proudly
reading
my
words,
I
glanced
around
the
room,
only
to
find
my
classmates
bearing
big
smiles
on
their
faces
and
tears
in
their
eyes.
Confused,
I
glanced
toward
my
stone-faced
teacher.”我自豪地读着我写的文章，我环视着教室的周围，同学们的脸上都强忍着大大的微笑，在他们的眼里都憋出了泪花，更加疑惑的是，我还看见了老师那“石头般'的绷着的脸，故答案为B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I
had
never
heard
of
that
name
before.
As
I
searched
the
name
of
this
fellow,
it
became
evident
that
there
were
two
people
bearing
the
same
name
who
looked
completely
different!
One
invented
hundreds
of
uses
for
peanuts,
while
the
other
led
some
sort
of
army
across
America.
I
stared
at
the
screen,
wondering
which
one
my
teacher
meant.”以前，我从未听说过这个名字，但查找之后发现有两个人的名字一样，而又是完全不同的两个人，一个是发现了花生的数百种用法的人，一个是领导了美国的革命，我也不知道，老师指的是哪一个。由此可知，“我”对美国的历史是不了解的。故答案为A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I
lowered
the
paper
and
sat
down
at
my
desk,burningto
find
out
what
I
had
done
wrong.”可知，答案为C.“我放下我的文章坐在桌子旁边，急切的找到我犯的错误。”故答案选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I
felt
that
the
punishment
was
not
justified,
and
I
believed
I
deserved
a
second
chance.
Consequently,
I
threw
myself
heartily
into
my
work
for
the
rest
of
the
school
year.”我感觉，我受到的惩罚是不公平的，我还应该有第二次机会，剩余时间我把自己全身心的投入到我的学习中。由此可知改变事情的结果是通过“我”的努力。故答案选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
18.【答案】
（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了在压力之下人们作出决定时的考虑是不一样的，并通过实验说明人们在有压力的时候通常想到的是积极的一面比较多，同时也介绍了男人和女人在面对不同的压力时反映也是不同的。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“People
learn
better
about
positive
than
negative
outcomes
under
stress.”人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极方面而不是消极后果，以及第四段中的“In
both
cases,
the
stressed
participants
remembered
the
rewarded
material
more
accurately
and
the
punished
material
less
accurately
than
those
who
hadn't
gone
through
the
stress.”在以上两个案例中，受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说记得更多更清楚的是奖励的物资而不是惩罚。由此可知答案应为A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据文章的标题及第一自然段的总结可知压力影响的是人们做出决定的方式，即如何作出选择。第一自然段为文章的中心，
一项新的研究表明压力影响了人们对有利条件和不利条件的考虑方式，导致了人们更多的去思考好的一面而忽视了消极的一面，故选A项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二自然段中的“Men
who
had
been
stressed
by
the
cold-water
task
tended
to
take
more
risks
in
the
experiment
while
women
responded
in
the
opposite
way.”实验中，在受到冰冷的水的压力之下男士趋向于冒更大的险，而女士的反映则相反，故答案应为D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
19.【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【考点】主旨大意题，推理判断题，文章结构题，科普环保类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者就荒野保护的问题客观中立地阐述了对立双方的观点，并没有任何的个人倾向性。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“??
As
John
Sauven
of
Greenpeace
UK
points
out,
there
is
a
strong
appeal
in
images
of
the
wild,
the
untouched;
more
than
anything
else,
they
speak
of
the
nature
that
many
people
value
most
dearly.
”可知JS是反对开发荒野的，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“?Lee
Lane,
a
visiting
fellow
at
the
Hudson
Institute,
takes
the
opposing
view.
”，可知?Lee
Lane认为荒野应该被开发，故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“This
is
a
topic
that
calls
for
not
only
free
expression
of
feelings,
but
also
the
guidance
of
reason.
”我们不仅需要情感的自由表达，还需要理性的指导，即可得出A选项“客观的”（objective）。
（4）考查文章结构。根据第三自然段首句说的是LL和上一自然段的JS持相反的观点，可以判断二三两个自然段必然是平行的两段，而第四五两个自然的叙述主体都是“我”，可以得出答案为D选项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断、文章结构和主旨大意四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、>七选五
20.【答案】
B；D；G；F；C
【考点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是empathy（同理心）。文章指出现在人们的同理心在急剧下降，分析了下降的原因并讲述了同理心的重要性和如何培养同理心。
（1）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文中的”the
ability
to
understand
other
people,
among
college
students
had
dropped
sharply
over
the
past
10
years.“：在过去的十年里在大学生中理解他人的能力在急剧下降；以及下文”“Today,
people
spend
more
time
alone
and
are
less
likely
to
join
groups
and
clubs.
”今天人们花更多的时间单独相处而很少参加社团。所以这里选B.That
could
be
because
so
many
people
have
replaced
face
time
with
screen
time,
the
researchers
said.“研究者说，那可能是因为许多人用视频代替了面聊。”与上下文一致。
（2）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“Turn
on
the
TV,
and
you're
showered
with
news
and
reality
shows
full
of
people
fighting,
competing,
and
generally
treating
one
another
with
no
respect.”打开电视机你看到的都是一些人互相竞争，互相争斗，没有互相尊重；所以这里选D.Humans
learn
by
example—and
most
of
the
examples
on
it
are
anything
but
empathetic.“人们通过这些例子学习——大多数这些例子什么都有就是没有同理心”，与上下文一致。
（3）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“Humans
are
socially
related
by
nature.”人类是和自然密切相关的。以及下文“Researchers
have
also
found
that
empathetic
teenagers
are
more
likely
to
have
high
self-respect.
”研究者发现有同理心的青少年会有更高的自我尊重。所以这里选G.Having
relationships
with
other
people
is
an
important
part
of
being
human—and
having
empathy
is
decisive
to
those
relationships.“和其他人保持关系是成为人的很重要的一部分，拥有同理心对那些关系很重要。”与上下文一致。
（4）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“In
fact,
Freed
says,
many
top
companies
report
that
empathy
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
they
look
for
in
new
managers.”：实际上，Freed说许多顶级公司报告说同理心也是他们寻找经理的一个重要的部分。所以这里选F.Good
social
skills—including
empathy—are
a
kind
of
“emotional
intelligence”
that
will
help
you
succeed
in
many
areas
of
life.”好的社会技能包括同理心，这种情感智力能使你在生活的许多方面都取得很大的成功。“与上下文一致。
（5）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文”
For
starters,
let
down
your
guard
and
really
listen
to
others.“对于初学者来说，放下防护，倾听他人。所以这里选C.“One
doesn't
develop
empathy
by
having
a
lot
of
opinions
and
doing
a
lot
of
talking,”
Freed
says.”有很多想法，说很多话不能发展同理心。“与上下文一致。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节的基础上，着重考查考查对上下文语境的理解和推理判断能力。
五、>书面表达
21.【答案】Saturday
，June2?????
??????????????????????????????Fine
???
This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,looking
puzzled.
It
seemed
they
were
lost.I
went
up
to
them
and
asked
how
I
could
help.They
told
me
they
were
looking
for
the
Temple
of
Heaven.
I
led
them
to
the
nearby
bus
stop
and
advised
them
to
take
Bus
No.20,which
could
take
them
there
directy.They
appreciated
my
help
greatly.Before
long,the
bus
came.We
waved
good-bye
to
each
other.Seeing
them
on
the
bus,I
felt
a
kind
of
satisfaction.
【考点】看图写话，开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇看图写作，一共四幅图。做题时：（1）认真读图，可知四幅图体现了你所做的一件好事，（2）初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。（3）连词成句，然后再连句成文。尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。（4）反复审核，修改错误。（5）注意所给的汉语提示。一般说来，看图写话中的汉语提示往往给定了有关的时间、地点、人物等相关的信息，还有参考词汇都是有用信息。在把握了文章的中心后，应在内心构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。这是体现自身能力的重要一环。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如时间状语从句：when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,looking
puzzled.；宾语从句：They
told
me
they
were
looking
for
the
Temple
of
Heaven.定语从句：
I
led
them
to
the
nearby
bus
stop
and
advised
them
to
take
Bus
No.20,which
could
take
them
there
directy.等等。
22.【答案】One
possible
version:
???
I
think
the
white
pencil,looking
proud
and
delighted,
is
laughing
at
the
black
pencil
by
saying
"You're
nearing
the
end!"The
black
pencil,
on
the
other
hand,
remains
calm.
???
The
white
pencil's
words
let
him
fall
into
deep
thoughts.
He
clearly
remembers
he
has
been
used
in
writing
and
drawing.
It's
true
that
he's
approaching
the
end
but
he
has
been
living
a
memorable
life
and
there
has
rarely
been
a
dull
moment.
???
In
reality,
we
should
learn
from
the
black
pencil:
not
to
mind
what
others
say
so
long
as
we
are
confident
in
what
we
have
done.
【考点】看图写话，开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文考查图作文。看图作文对考生的要求较高，首先考生要看懂图的中心思想。要求考生筛选出要点或者中心思想，不能出现审题方面的偏差。然后再把要点用连接词串联成文。本文告诉我们的道理是，人的一生中要做些有意义的事情，老了才不至于后悔。写作时要使用高级的词汇或者句型让文章更有文采。要使用连接词把两方面的情况表达清楚。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如现在分词作伴随状语：
I
think
the
white
pencil,looking
proud
and
delighted,
is
laughing
at
the
black
pencil
by
saying
"You're
nearing
the
end!"；主语从句：It's
true
that
he's
approaching
the
end
but
he
has
been
living
a
memorable
life
and
there
has
rarely
been
a
dull
moment.宾语从句：
He
clearly
remembers
he
has
been
used
in
writing
and
drawing.
等
1
/
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)
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)
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助您教考全无忧
2012年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、单项选择
1.-Look
at
those
clouds!
-Don't
worry.
______
it
rains,
we'll
still
have
a
great
time.
A.?Even
if????????????????????B.?As
though????????????????????C.?In
case????????????????????D.?If
only
【答案】
A
【考点】让步状语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——看那些云！——别担心。就算下雨，我们也能玩儿的开心。A.
Even
if“
即使”；B.
As
though“仿佛”；C.
In
case“万一”；D.
If
only“要是……多好”。根据句意，这是一个让步状语从句，选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及even
if引导的让步状语从句。
2.By
the
time
you
have
finished
this
book,
your
meal
______
cold.
A.?gets?????????????????????B.?has
got?????????????????????C.?will
get?????????????????????D.?is
getting
【答案】
C
【考点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：等你读完这本书，饭就该凉了。本题旨在考查时间状语从句中的主将从现，选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般将来时的应用。
3.One
learns
a
knowledge
by
making
mistakes
and
______
them.
A.?corrects?????????????????B.?correct?????????????????C.?to
correct?????????????????D.?correcting
【答案】
D
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：人通过犯错和改错学习知识。在and周围出现的动词形式分别对应A、D两个选项。选择A项应为主语发出的连续动作，但是them所指与a
knowledge相悖无法还原，应为指代mistakes，故其前动词形式应与mistakes前得动词形式一直，即doing。选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作介词宾语的应用。
4.Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
______
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.
A.?why?????????????????????????B.?how?????????????????????????C.?that?????????????????????????D.?whether
【答案】
C
【考点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：Jerry并不后悔做出这样的评论，但是感觉他本可以换种方式表达。这是一个宾语从句，从句内容完整，用that连接，选C。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句。
5.George
said
that
he
would
come
to
school
to
see
me
the
next
day,
but
he
______.
A.?wouldn't??????????????????????B.?didn't??????????????????????C.?hasn't??????????????????????D.?hadn't
【答案】
B
【考点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：George说他第二天本想来学校看我的，但是他很忙。本题已知部分发生在过去，那么转折内容也应与过去相关，选择范围B、D。有了想法才可以去做相应的动作，忙发生在说之后，而非之前，因此排除D。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
6.When
deeply
absorbed
in
work,
______
he
often
was,
he
would
forget
all
about
eating
or
sleeping.
A.?that?????????????????????????B.?which?????????????????????????C.?where?????????????????????????D.?when
【答案】
B
【考点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。本题主句部分完整，且选项包含that,
which因此在考查定语从句。应先分析空格之后的句子成分，本题缺少was的表语，且空格前有逗号，应选which。B为正确答案。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7.Many
people
have
donated
that
type
of
blood;
however,
the
blood
bank
needs
_____.
A.?some??????????????????????????B.?less??????????????????????????C.?much??????????????????????????D.?more
【答案】
D
【考点】形容词比较级
【解析】【分析】句意：很多人已经捐了很多那种血，然而血库需要更多。need
more“需要更多”，more后面省略了blood,故D正确。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分some，less，much，more的含义和用法。
8.—Have
you
heard
about
that
fire
in
the
market?
—Yes,
fortunately
no
one
______.
A.?hurt?????????????????B.?was
hurt?????????????????C.?has
hurt?????????????????D.?had
been
hurt
【答案】
B
【考点】动词的语态，一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：——你听说市场着火了么？——是啊，好在没人受伤。人和伤害之间是被动关系，排除A、C两个选项。根据题意，首先，对话当中现在完成多在问句中，而一般过去时多出现在答句，表示对过去事实的陈述；其次，D选项若成立，受伤就应发生在着火之前，显然不合逻辑，应排除。选B。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时本被动语态。
9.Our
friendship
______
quickly
over
the
weeks
that
followed.
A.?had
developed??????B.?was
developing??????C.?would
develop??????D.?developed
【答案】
D
【考点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我们的友谊在接下来的几个星期里发展迅速。根据时间状语the
weeks
that
followed的表达约等于the
last
few
weeks，这一时间状语已经把时间定格在过去，应选用一般过去时。故答案选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
10.______
at
the
door
before
you
enter
my
room,
please.
A.?Knock??????????????????B.?Knocking??????????????????C.?Knocked??????????????????D.?To
knock
【答案】
A
【考点】祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：麻烦您进我屋之前先敲门。考生若能识别before是状语从句连接词，便可想到空格位置应该是主句部分的谓语，只有A项符合条件。选A。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及祈使句，以及句型“祈使句+and/or+简单句”。
11.Birds'
singing
is
sometimes
a
warning
to
other
birds
______
away.
A.?to
stay???????????????????????B.?staying???????????????????????C.?stayed???????????????????????D.?stay
【答案】
A
【考点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：鸟叫有时是为了警告其他的鸟远离他们。空格置于句中，主谓与to
do之间无逗号间隔，译为“为了”选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式做目的状语的情况。
12.We
_______
the
difficulty
together,
but
why
didn't
you
tell
me?
A.?should
face??????B.?might
face??????C.?could
have
faced??????D.?must
have
faced
【答案】
C
【考点】情态动词have
done的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你没有告诉我。根据句意说明是对过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用“情态动词+have
done”；could
have
done“本可以做某事，实际上却未做”；must
have
done“一定做了某事”。故C正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分could
have
done和must
have
done。
13.Do
you
think
the
T-shirt
is
too
tight
_____the
shoulder?
A.?at??????????????????????????????B.?on??????????????????????????????C.?to??????????????????????????????D.?across
【答案】
D
【解析】【分析】句意：你认为那件T恤衫肩膀的地方紧吗？A.at
"在"；B.on"物体的表面"；C.to"到"；D.across"穿越，表示一个宽度".，根据句意，可知答案D符合语境。
【点评】考查介词辨析，区分at，on，to，across的含义和用法。
14.Don't
handle
the
vase
as
if
it
______
made
of
steel.
A.?is???????????????????????B.?were???????????????????????C.?has
been???????????????????????D.?had
been
【答案】
B
【考点】虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：别把这花瓶拿得跟它好像是用钢做的似的。as
if“仿佛，好像”其后内容若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B。
【点评】考查虚拟语气，本题涉及对现在情况的假设。
二、完形填空
15.完形填空
?
???“Mama，when
I
grow
up，I'm
going
to
be
one
of
those！”
I
said
this
after
seeing
the
Capital
Dancing
Company
perform
when
I
was
three.It
was
the
first
time
that
my
1
took
on
a
vivid
form
and
acted
as
something
important
to
start
my
training.As
I
grew
older
and
was
2
to
more，my
interests
in
the
world
of
dance
3
varied
but
that
little
girl's
dream
of
someday
becoming
a
4
in
the
company
never
left
me.In
the
summer
of
2005
when
I
was
18，I
received
the
phone
call
which
made
that
dream
a
5
；
I
became
a
member
of
the
company
6
back
to
1925.
?
??As
I
look
back
on
that
day
now，it
surely
7
any
sense
of
reality.I
believe
I
stayed
in
a
state
of
pleasant
disbelief
8
I
was
halfway
through
rehearsals(排练)
on
my
first
day.I
never
actually
9
to
get
the
job.After
being
offered
the
position，I
was
completely
10
.I
remember
shaking
with
excitement.
?
??Though
I
was
absolutely
thrilled
with
the
change，it
did
not
come
without
its
fair
share
of
11
.Through
the
strict
rehearsal
period
of
dancing
six
days
a
week，I
found
it
vital
to
12
up
the
material
fast
with
every
last
bit
of
concentration.It
is
that
extreme
13
to
detail(细节)
and
stress
on
practice
that
set
us
14
.To
then
follow
those
high?energy
rehearsals
15
a
busy
show
schedule
of
up
to
five
performances
a
day，I
discovered
a
new
16
of
the
words
“hard
work”.What
I
thought
were
my
physical
17
were
pushed
much
further
than
I
thought
18
.I
learned
to
make
each
performance
better
than
the
last.
?
??Today，when
I
look
at
the
unbelievable
company
that
I
have
the
great
19
of
being
a
part
of，not
only
as
a
member，but
as
a
dance
captain，I
see
a
20
that
has
inspired
not
only
generations
of
little
girls
but
a
splendid
company
that
continues
to
develop
and
grow—and
inspires
people
every
day
to
follow
their
dreams.
1.
A.
hobby
B.
plan
C.
dream
D.
word
2.
A.
connected
B.
expanded
C.
exposed
D.
extended
3.
A.
rarely
B.
certainly
C.
probably
D.
consistently
4.
A.
director
B.
trainer
C.
leader
D.
dancer
5.
A.
symbol
B.
memory
C.
truth
D.
reality
6.
A.
bouncing
B.
dating
C.
turning
D.
tracking
7.
A.
lacks
B.
adds
C.
makes
D.
brings
8.
A.
while
B.
since
C.
until
D.
when
9.
A.
cared
B.
expected
C.
asked
D.
decided
10.
A.
motivated
B.
relaxed
C.
convinced
D.
astonished
11.
A.
challenges
B.
profits
C.
advantages
D.
adventures
12.
A.
put
B.
mix
C.
build
D.
pick
13.
A.
attention
B.
association
C.
attraction
D.
adaptation
14.
A.
apart
B.
aside
C.
off
D.
back
15.
A.
over
B.
by
C.
with
D.
beyond
16.
A.
function
B.
meaning
C.
expression
D.
usage
17.
A.
boundaries
B.
problems
C.
barriers
D.
efforts
18.
A.
necessary
B.
perfect
C.
proper
D.
possible
19.
A.
talent
B.
honor
C.
potential
D.
responsibility
20.
A.
victory
B.
trend
C.
tradition
D.
desire
【答案】（1）C；（2）C；（3）C；（4）D；（5）D；（6）B；（7）A；（8）C；（9）C；（10）D；（11）A；（12）D；（13）A；（14）A；（15）C；（16）B；（17）A；（18）D；（19）B；（20）C；
【考点】夹叙夹议，单项选择型，人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过亲身经历告诉我们原本认为不可能的事通过努力也会成为可能，我们要挑战自己的极限，时刻鼓舞自己去实现梦想。
（1）考查名词。A.
hobby”爱好“；B.
plan”计划“；C.
dream
”梦想“；D.
word”话语“。此处指我想当舞蹈家的梦想第一次具体化的表现出来，根据句意选C。
（2）考查动词。
A
connected
”连接“；B.
expanded
”扩大“；C.
exposed”显露，暴露“；D.
extended”延伸“。expose
to“处于……影响”，此处指随着不断长大我受更多东西的影响。故选C。
（3）考查副词。A.
rarely”很少地“；B.
certainly”当然“；C.
probably”或许“；D.
consistently”一致地“。此处指我对舞蹈的兴趣当然改变了，有了不同的理解。故选B。
（4）考查名词。
A.
director”导演“；B.
trainer”训练员“；C.
leader”领导“；D.
dancer”舞蹈家“。此处指一个小女孩想成为舞蹈家的梦想一直没离开过我。与上文内容呼应故选D。
（5）考查名词。
A.
symbol”象征，符号“；B.
memory”记忆“；C.
truth”真理“；D.
reality”现实“。我接到了一个使我梦想变为现实的电话，根据下文可知进入了舞蹈团参加了舞蹈排练，故选D。
（6）考查动词。
A.
bouncing”弹跳“；B.
dating
”约会，定日期“；C.
turning”旋转“；D.
tracking”跟踪“。date
back“追溯到，回溯到”，此处指首都舞蹈公司开始于1925年，故选B。
（7）考查动词。
A.
lacks”缺少“；B.
adds”增加“；C.
makes”制作“；D.
brings”带来“。我现在回想那时，确实缺失现实感。指总觉得不是真的，故选A。
（8）考查连词。A.
while”当……时“；B.
since”因为，既然“；C.
until”直到“；D.
when”当……时“。我一直处于一种兴奋的怀疑状态直到第一天排练了一半才感觉是真的。根据句意选C。
（9）考查动词。
A.
Cared”关心“；B.
Expected”预期“；C.
Asked”问“；D.
Decided”决定“。此处指事实上我并没有过多期望得到那份工作，根据句意选B。
（10）考查动词。A.
motivated”激发“；B.
relaxed”放松“；C.
convinced”使确信“；D.
astonished”吃惊“。因为没想到所以给了我这个机会后我完全震惊了，我兴奋地颤抖。根据情境选D。
（11）考查名词。A.
challenges”挑战“；B.
profits
”收益“；C.
advantages”优势“；D.
adventures”冒险“。虽然我很兴奋，但它也给我带来了公平分配的挑战。此处指我也有压力，故选A。
（12）考查动词。A.
put”放“；B.
mix”混合“；C.
build
”建造“；D.
pick”
挑选“。此处指快速挑选材料很重要。故选D。
13）考查名词。A.
attention”注意“；B.
association”协会，联盟“；C.
attraction
”吸引“；D.
adaptation”适应“。句意：是对细节的特别注意和排练的压力使我们有了差距。要注重细节，故选A。
（14）考查副词。A.
set
apart”使分离，区别“；B.
set
aside
”留出，不顾“；C.
set
off
”出发“；D.
set
back”推迟“。细节的特别注意和排练的压力使我们有了差距，是这重要的两点拉开了我们的距离，故选A。
（15）考查介词。A.
over”在……上“；B.
by”通过“；C.
with”和“；D.
beyond”
超过“。此处指高能的排练和一天五次紧张的表演，两者是并列关系，故选C。
（16）考查名词。A.
function”功能“；B.
meaning”意义“；C.
expression”表达“；D.
usage”使用“。通过紧张繁忙的排练我发现了hard
work的意义，指有了更深的理解。故选B。
（17）考查名词。A.
boundaries”界限，极限“；B.
problems”问题“；C.
barriers”屏障“；D.
efforts”努力“。此处指我身体的极限比我原认为的可能被更深地推进，根据句意选A。
（18）考查形容词。A.
necessary”必要的“；B.
perfect”完美的“；C.
proper”适当的“；D.
possible”可能的“。我身体的极限比我原认为的可能被更深地推进，指原来认为不可能的事现在变成了现实，故选D。
（19）考查名词。A.
talent
”天资“；B.
honor”荣誉“；C.
potential”潜能“；D.
responsibility”责任“。此处指我作为舞蹈团队一员拥有的巨大荣誉，故选B。
（20）考查名词。A.
victory”胜利“；B.
trend
”趋势“；C.
tradition
”传统“；D.
desire"渴望"。句意：我看到了鼓舞了不仅小女孩一代而且还有继续发展和成长的公司的那种传统，这种传统每天还鼓舞着有梦想的人们去追梦。根据句意选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词
、动词、连词、副词、介词、形容词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
16.阅读理解
The
Basics
of
Math—Made
Clear
?
??Basic
Math
introduces
students
to
the
basic
concepts
of
mathematics,
as
well
as
the
fundamentals
of
more
tricky
areas.
These
30
fantastic
lectures
are
designed
to
provide
students
with
an
understanding
of
arithmetic
and
to
prepare
them
for
Algebra(代数)
and
beyond.
?
??The
lessons
in
Basic
Math
cover
every
basic
aspect
of
arithmetic.
They
also
look
into
exponents(指数),
the
order
of
operations,
and
square
roots.
In
addition
to
learning
how
to
perform
various
mathematical
operations,
students
discover
why
these
operations
work,
how
a
particular
mathematical
topic
relates
to
other
branches
of
mathematics,
and
how
these
operations
can
be
used
practically.
?
??Basic
Math
starts
from
the
relatively
easier
concepts
and
gradually
moves
on
to
the
more
troublesome
ones,
so
as
to
allow
for
steady
and
sure
understanding
of
the
material
by
students.
The
lectures
offer
students
the
chance
to
“make
sense”
of
mathematical
knowledge
that
may
have
seemed
so
frightening.
They
also
help
students
prepare
for
college
mathematics
and
overcome
their
anxiety
about
this
amazing—and
completely
understandable—field
of
study.
?
??By
the
conclusion
of
the
course,
students
will
have
improved
their
understanding
of
basic
math.
They
will
be
able
to
clear
away
the
mystery(神秘性)
of
mathematics
and
face
their
studies
with
more
confidence
than
they
ever
imagined.
In
addition,
they
will
strengthen
their
ability
to
accept
new
and
exciting
mathematical
challenges.
?
??Professor
H.
Siegel,
honored
by
Kentucky
Educational
Television
as
“the
best
math
teacher
in
America,”
is
a
devoted
teacher
and
has
a
gift
for
explaining
mathematical
concepts
in
ways
that
make
them
seem
clear
and
obvious.
From
the
basic
concrete
ideas
to
the
more
abstract
problems,
he
is
master
in
making
math
lectures
learner-friendlier
and
less
scary.
?
??With
a
PhD
in
Mathematics
Education
from
Georgia
State
University,
Dr.
Siegel
teaches
mathematics
at
Central
Arizona
College.
His
courses
include
various
make-up
classes
and
a
number
of
lectures
for
future
primary
school
teachers.
?
??If
the
course
fails
to
provide
complete
satisfaction
to
you,
you
can
easily
exchange
it
for
any
other
course
that
we
offer.
Or
you
can
get
your
money
back.
（1）What
does
the
course
Basic
Math
mainly
cover?
A.Algebra.
B.College
Mathematics.
C.Arithmetic.
D.Mathematics
Education.
（2）What
benefits
can
students
expect
from
Basic
Math?
A.Stronger
imaginative
ability.
B.Additional
presentation
skills.
C.More
mathematical
confidence.
D.Greater
chances
of
becoming
teachers.
（3）What
can
we
learn
about
Professor
H.
Siegel?
A.He
is
a
guest
lecturer
at
Kentucky
Educational
Television.
B.He
is
to
deliver
30
lectures
in
Basic
Math.
C.He
works
in
Georgia
State
University.
D.He
specializes
in
training
teachers.
（4）Where
is
the
passage
most
likely
to
have
been
taken
from?
A.A
news
report.
B.A
book
review
C.A
lesson
plan.
D.An
advertisement
【答案】
（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一门基础数学的课程，对课程的内容，上课的目的，师资进行了阐述。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The
lessons
in
Basic
Math
cover
every
basic
aspect
of
arithmetic”基础数学涵盖算数的所有基础方面。故正确答案为C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"face
their
studies
with
more
confidence
than
they
ever
imagined"比想象中的更加自信的去面对他们的学习。故正确答案为C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五，六段可推知H.
Siegel
是上课老师，故推出此人上30节课,故选B。
（4）考查写作目的。根据大意：如果未能给您提供满意的课程可以换课或者拿回学费。可知D为正确答案。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和写作目的三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
17.阅读理解
?
??Proudly
reading
my
words,
I
glanced
around
the
room,
only
to
find
my
classmates
bearing
big
smiles
on
their
faces
and
tears
in
their
eyes.
Confused,
I
glanced
toward
my
stone-faced
teacher.
Having
no
choice,
I
slowly
raised
the
report
I
had
slaved
over,
hoping
to
hide
myself.
“What
could
be
causing
everyone
to
act
this
way?”
?
??Quickly,
I
flashed
back
to
the
day
Miss
Lancelot
gave
me
the
task.
This
was
the
first
real
talk
I
received
in
my
new
school.
It
seemed
simple:
go
on
the
Internet
and
find
information
about
a
man
named
George
Washington.
Since
my
idea
of
history
came
from
an
ancient
teacher
in
my
home
country,
I
had
never
heard
of
that
name
before.
As
I
searched
the
name
of
this
fellow,
it
became
evident
that
there
were
two
people
bearing
the
same
name
who
looked
completely
different!
One
invented
hundreds
of
uses
for
peanuts,
while
the
other
led
some
sort
of
army
across
America.
I
stared
at
the
screen,
wondering
which
one
my
teacher
meant.
I
called
my
grandfather
for
a
golden
piece
of
advice;
flip
(掷)
a
coin.
Heads—the
commander,
and
tails—the
peanuts
guy.
Ah!
Tails,
my
report
would
be
about
the
great
man
who
invented
peanut
butter,
George
Washington
Carver.
?
??Weeks
later,
standing
before
this
unfriendly
mass,
I
was
totally
lost.
Oh
well,
I
lowered
the
paper
and
sat
down
at
my
desk,burningto
find
out
what
I
had
done
wrong.
As
a
classmate
began
his
report,
it
all
became
clear,
“My
report
is
on
George
Washington,
the
man
who
started
the
American
Revolution.”
The
whole
world
became
quite!
How
could
I
know
that
she
meant
that
George
Washington?
?
??Obviously,
my
grade
was
awful.
Heartbroken
but
fearless,
I
decided
to
turn
this
around.
I
talked
to
Miss
Lancelot,
but
she
insisted:
No
re-dos;
no
new
grade.
I
felt
that
the
punishment
was
not
justified,
and
I
believed
I
deserved
a
second
chance.
Consequently,
I
threw
myself
heartily
into
my
work
for
the
rest
of
the
school
year.
Ten
months
later,
that
chance
unfolded
as
I
found
myself
sitting
in
the
headmaster's
office
with
my
grandfather,
now
having
an
entirely
different
conversation.
I
smiled
and
flashed
back
to
the
embarrassing
moment
at
the
beginning
of
the
year
as
the
headmaster
informed
me
of
my
option
to
skip
the
sixth
grade.
Justice
is
sweet!
（1）What
did
the
author's
classmates
think
about
his
report?
A.Controversial.
B.Ridiculous.
C.Boring.
D.Puzzling.
（2）Why
was
the
author
confused
about
the
task?
A.He
was
unfamiliar
with
American
history.
B.He
followed
the
advice
and
flipped
a
coin.
C.He
forgot
his
teacher's
instruction.
D.He
was
new
at
the
school.
（3）The
underlined
word
“burning”
in
Para.
3
probably
means
_______.
A.annoyed
B.ashamed
C.ready
D.eager
（4）In
the
end,
the
author
turned
things
around
_______.
A.by
redoing
his
task
B.through
his
own
efforts
C.with
the
help
of
his
grandfather
D.under
the
guidance
of
his
headmaster
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了主人公“我”在完成老师交待的任务时，对美国历史不是很熟悉，介绍的华盛顿这个人物不是历史上领导美国革命的华盛顿，而是另外一个人。在课堂上，读自己写的有关人物的报告时，引起了同学的嘲笑，分数也很低，接下来的时间，主人公“我”努力学习，并最终取得了好的成绩。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Proudly
reading
my
words,
I
glanced
around
the
room,
only
to
find
my
classmates
bearing
big
smiles
on
their
faces
and
tears
in
their
eyes.
Confused,
I
glanced
toward
my
stone-faced
teacher.”我自豪地读着我写的文章，我环视着教室的周围，同学们的脸上都强忍着大大的微笑，在他们的眼里都憋出了泪花，更加疑惑的是，我还看见了老师那“石头般'的绷着的脸，故答案为B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I
had
never
heard
of
that
name
before.
As
I
searched
the
name
of
this
fellow,
it
became
evident
that
there
were
two
people
bearing
the
same
name
who
looked
completely
different!
One
invented
hundreds
of
uses
for
peanuts,
while
the
other
led
some
sort
of
army
across
America.
I
stared
at
the
screen,
wondering
which
one
my
teacher
meant.”以前，我从未听说过这个名字，但查找之后发现有两个人的名字一样，而又是完全不同的两个人，一个是发现了花生的数百种用法的人，一个是领导了美国的革命，我也不知道，老师指的是哪一个。由此可知，“我”对美国的历史是不了解的。故答案为A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I
lowered
the
paper
and
sat
down
at
my
desk,burningto
find
out
what
I
had
done
wrong.”可知，答案为C.“我放下我的文章坐在桌子旁边，急切的找到我犯的错误。”故答案选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I
felt
that
the
punishment
was
not
justified,
and
I
believed
I
deserved
a
second
chance.
Consequently,
I
threw
myself
heartily
into
my
work
for
the
rest
of
the
school
year.”我感觉，我受到的惩罚是不公平的，我还应该有第二次机会，剩余时间我把自己全身心的投入到我的学习中。由此可知改变事情的结果是通过“我”的努力。故答案选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
18.阅读理解
Decision-making
under
Stress
?
??A
new
review
based
on
a
research
shows
that
acute
stress
affects
the
way
the
brain
considers
the
advantages
and
disadvantages,
causing
it
to
focus
on
pleasure
and
ignore
the
possible
negative
(负面的)
consequences
of
a
decision.
????
The
research
suggests
that
stress
may
change
the
way
people
make
choices
in
predictable
ways.
?
??“Stress
affects
how
people
learn,”
says
Professor
Mara
Mather.
“People
learn
better
about
positive
than
negative
outcomes
under
stress.”
?
??For
example,
two
recent
studies
looked
at
how
people
learned
to
connect
images(影像)
with
either
rewards
or
punishments.
In
one
experiment,
some
of
the
participants
were
first
stressed
by
having
to
give
a
speech
and
do
difficult
math
problems
in
front
of
an
audience;
in
the
other,
some
were
stressed
by
having
to
keep
their
hands
in
ice
water.
In
both
cases,
the
stressed
participants
remembered
the
rewarded
material
more
accurately
and
the
punished
material
less
accurately
than
those
who
hadn't
gone
through
the
stress.
?
??This
phenomenon
is
likely
not
surprising
to
anyone
who
has
tried
to
resist
eating
cookies
or
smoking
a
cigarette
while
under
stress
–at
those
moments,
only
the
pleasure
associated
with
such
activities
comes
to
mind.
But
the
findings
further
suggest
that
stress
may
bring
about
a
double
effect.
Not
only
are
rewarding
experiences
remembered
better,
but
negative
consequences
are
also
easily
recalled.
?
??The
research
also
found
that
stress
appears
to
affect
decision-making
differently
in
men
and
women.
While
both
men
and
women
tend
to
focus
on
rewards
and
less
on
consequences
under
stress,
their
responses
to
risk
turn
out
to
be
different.
?
??Men
who
had
been
stressed
by
the
cold-water
task
tended
to
take
more
risks
in
the
experiment
while
women
responded
in
the
opposite
way.
In
stressful
situations
in
which
risk-taking
can
pay
off
big,
men
may
tend
to
do
better,
when
caution
weighs
more,
however,
women
will
win.
?
??This
tendency
to
slow
down
and
become
more
cautious
when
decisions
are
risky
might
also
help
explain
why
women
are
less
likely
to
become
addicted
than
men:
they
may
more
often
avoid
making
the
risky
choices
that
eventually
harden
into
addiction.
（1）We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
people
under
pressure
tend
to
______.
A.keep
rewards
better
in
their
memory
B.recall
consequences
more
effortlessly
C.make
risky
decisions
more
frequently
D.learn
a
subject
more
effectively
（2）According
to
the
research,
stress
affects
people
most
probably
in
their
______.
A.ways
of
making
choices
B.preference
for
pleasure
C.tolerance
of
punishments
D.responses
to
suggestions
（3）The
research
has
proved
that
in
a
stressful
situation,
______.
A.women
find
it
easier
to
fall
into
certain
habits
B.men
have
a
greater
tendency
to
slow
down
C.women
focus
more
on
outcomes
D.men
are
more
likely
to
take
risks
【答案】
（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，社会现象类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了在压力之下人们作出决定时的考虑是不一样的，并通过实验说明人们在有压力的时候通常想到的是积极的一面比较多，同时也介绍了男人和女人在面对不同的压力时反映也是不同的。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“People
learn
better
about
positive
than
negative
outcomes
under
stress.”人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极方面而不是消极后果，以及第四段中的“In
both
cases,
the
stressed
participants
remembered
the
rewarded
material
more
accurately
and
the
punished
material
less
accurately
than
those
who
hadn't
gone
through
the
stress.”在以上两个案例中，受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说记得更多更清楚的是奖励的物资而不是惩罚。由此可知答案应为A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据文章的标题及第一自然段的总结可知压力影响的是人们做出决定的方式，即如何作出选择。第一自然段为文章的中心，
一项新的研究表明压力影响了人们对有利条件和不利条件的考虑方式，导致了人们更多的去思考好的一面而忽视了消极的一面，故选A项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二自然段中的“Men
who
had
been
stressed
by
the
cold-water
task
tended
to
take
more
risks
in
the
experiment
while
women
responded
in
the
opposite
way.”实验中，在受到冰冷的水的压力之下男士趋向于冒更大的险，而女士的反映则相反，故答案应为D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
19.阅读理解
Wilderness
?
??“In
wilderness(荒野)
is
the
preservation
of
the
world.”
This
is
a
famous
saying
from
a
writer
regarded
as
one
of
the
fathers
of
environmentalism.
The
frequency
with
which
it
is
borrowed
mirrors
a
heated
debate
on
environmental
protection:
whether
to
place
wilderness
at
the
heart
of
what
is
to
be
preserved.??
????
As
John
Sauven
of
Greenpeace
UK
points
out,
there
is
a
strong
appeal
in
images
of
the
wild,
the
untouched;
more
than
anything
else,
they
speak
of
the
nature
that
many
people
value
most
dearly.
The
urge
to
leave
the
subject
of
such
images
untouched
is
strong,
and
the
danger
exploitation(开发)
brings
to
such
landscapes(景观)
is
real.
Some
of
these
wildernesses
also
perform
functions
that
humans
need—the
rainforests,
for
example,
store
carbon
in
vast
quantities.
To
Mr.Sauven,
these
”ecosystem
services”
far
outweigh
the
gains
from
exploitation.
?
??Lee
Lane,
a
visiting
fellow
at
the
Hudson
Institute,
takes
the
opposing
view.
He
acknowledges
that
wildernesses
do
provide
useful
services,
such
as
water
conservation.
But
that
is
not,
he
argues,
a
reason
to
avoid
all
human
presence,
or
indeed
commercial
and
industrial
exploitation.
There
are
ever
more
people
on
the
Earth,
and
they
reasonably
and
rightfully
want
to
have
better
lives,
rather
than
merely
struggle
for
survival.
While
the
ways
of
using
resources
have
improved,
there
is
still
a
growing
need
for
raw
materials,
and
some
wildernesses
contain
them
in
abundance.
If
they
can
be
tapped
without
reducing
the
services
those
wildernesses
provide,
the
argument
goes,
there
is
no
further
reason
not
to
do
so.
Being
untouched
is
not,
in
itself,
a
characteristic
worth
valuing
above
all
others.
?
??I
look
forwards
to
seeing
these
views
taken
further,
and
to
their
being
challenged
by
the
other
participants.
One
challenge
that
suggests
itself
to
me
is
that
both
cases
need
to
take
on
the
question
of
spiritual
value
a
little
more
directly.
And
there
is
a
practical
question
as
to
whether
wildernesses
can
be
exploited
without
harm.
?
??This
is
a
topic
that
calls
for
not
only
free
expression
of
feelings,
but
also
the
guidance
of
reason.
What
position
wilderness
should
enjoy
in
the
preservation
of
the
world
obviously
deserves
much
more
serious
thinking.
（1）John
Sauven
holds
that_____.
A.many
people
value
nature
too
much
B.exploitation
of
wildernesses
is
harmful
C.wildernesses
provide
humans
with
necessities
D.the
urge
to
develop
the
ecosystem
services
is
strong
（2）What
is
the
main
idea
of
Para.
3?
A.The
exploitation
is
necessary
for
the
poor
people.
B.Wildernesses
cannot
guarantee
better
use
of
raw
materials.
C.Useful
services
of
wildernesses
are
not
the
reason
for
no
exploitation.
D.All
the
characteristics
concerning
the
exploitation
should
be
treated
equally.
（3）What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
this
debate?
A.Objective.
B.Disapproving.
C.Sceptical.
D.Optimistic.
（4）Which
of
the
following
shows
the
structure
of
the
passage?（CP:
Central
Point??
P:
Point??
Sp:
Sub-point(次要点)?
C:
Conclusion）
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【考点】主旨大意题，推理判断题，文章结构题，科普环保类，议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者就荒野保护的问题客观中立地阐述了对立双方的观点，并没有任何的个人倾向性。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“??
As
John
Sauven
of
Greenpeace
UK
points
out,
there
is
a
strong
appeal
in
images
of
the
wild,
the
untouched;
more
than
anything
else,
they
speak
of
the
nature
that
many
people
value
most
dearly.
”可知JS是反对开发荒野的，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“?Lee
Lane,
a
visiting
fellow
at
the
Hudson
Institute,
takes
the
opposing
view.
”，可知?Lee
Lane认为荒野应该被开发，故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“This
is
a
topic
that
calls
for
not
only
free
expression
of
feelings,
but
also
the
guidance
of
reason.
”我们不仅需要情感的自由表达，还需要理性的指导，即可得出A选项“客观的”（objective）。
（4）考查文章结构。根据第三自然段首句说的是LL和上一自然段的JS持相反的观点，可以判断二三两个自然段必然是平行的两段，而第四五两个自然的叙述主体都是“我”，可以得出答案为D选项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断、文章结构和主旨大意四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、七选五
20.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
???
Last
year,
researchers
from
the
University
of
Michigan
reported
that
empathy,
the
ability
to
understand
other
people,
among
college
students
had
dropped
sharply
over
the
past
10
years.________Today,
people
spend
more
time
alone
and
are
less
likely
to
join
groups
and
clubs.
Jennifer
Freed,
a
co-director
of
a
teen
program,
has
another
explanation.
Turn
on
the
TV,
and
you're
showered
with
news
and
reality
shows
full
of
people
fighting,
competing,
and
generally
treating
one
another
with
no
respect.________There
are
good
reasons
not
to
follow
those
bad
examples.
Humans
are
socially
related
by
nature.________Researchers
have
also
found
that
empathetic
teenagers
are
more
likely
to
have
high
self-respect.
Besides,
empathy
can
be
a
cure
for
loneliness,
sadness,
anxiety,
and
fear.Empathy
is
also
an
indication
of
a
good
leader.
In
fact,
Freed
says,
many
top
companies
report
that
empathy
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
they
look
for
in
new
managers.________?“Academics
are
important.
But
if
you
don't
have
emotional
(情感的)
intelligence,
you
won't
be
as
successful
in
work
or
in
your
love
life,”
she
says.What's
the
best
way
to
up
your
EQ
(情商）?
For
starters,
let
down
your
guard
and
really
listen
to
others.________To
really
develop
empathy,
you'd
better
volunteer
at
a
nursing
home
or
a
hospital,
join
a
club
or
a
team
that
has
a
diverse
membership,
have
a
“sharing
circle”
with
your
family,
or
spend
time
caring
for
pets
at
an
animal
shelter.
A.
Everyone
is
different,
and
levels
of
empathy
differ
from
person
to
person.
B.
That
could
be
because
so
many
people
have
replaced
face
time
with
screen
time,
the
researchers
said.
C.
“One
doesn't
develop
empathy
by
having
a
lot
of
opinions
and
doing
a
lot
of
talking,”
Freed
says.
D.
Humans
learn
by
example—and
most
of
the
examples
on
it
are
anything
but
empathetic.
E.
Empathy
is
a
matter
of
learning
how
to
understand
someone
else—both
what
they
think
and
how
they
feel.
F.
Good
social
skills—including
empathy—are
a
kind
of
“emotional
intelligence”
that
will
help
you
succeed
in
many
areas
of
life.
G.
Having
relationships
with
other
people
is
an
important
part
of
being
human—and
having
empathy
is
decisive
to
those
relationships.
【答案】
B；D；G；F；C
【考点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是empathy（同理心）。文章指出现在人们的同理心在急剧下降，分析了下降的原因并讲述了同理心的重要性和如何培养同理心。
（1）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文中的”the
ability
to
understand
other
people,
among
college
students
had
dropped
sharply
over
the
past
10
years.“：在过去的十年里在大学生中理解他人的能力在急剧下降；以及下文”“Today,
people
spend
more
time
alone
and
are
less
likely
to
join
groups
and
clubs.
”今天人们花更多的时间单独相处而很少参加社团。所以这里选B.That
could
be
because
so
many
people
have
replaced
face
time
with
screen
time,
the
researchers
said.“研究者说，那可能是因为许多人用视频代替了面聊。”与上下文一致。
（2）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“Turn
on
the
TV,
and
you're
showered
with
news
and
reality
shows
full
of
people
fighting,
competing,
and
generally
treating
one
another
with
no
respect.”打开电视机你看到的都是一些人互相竞争，互相争斗，没有互相尊重；所以这里选D.Humans
learn
by
example—and
most
of
the
examples
on
it
are
anything
but
empathetic.“人们通过这些例子学习——大多数这些例子什么都有就是没有同理心”，与上下文一致。
（3）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“Humans
are
socially
related
by
nature.”人类是和自然密切相关的。以及下文“Researchers
have
also
found
that
empathetic
teenagers
are
more
likely
to
have
high
self-respect.
”研究者发现有同理心的青少年会有更高的自我尊重。所以这里选G.Having
relationships
with
other
people
is
an
important
part
of
being
human—and
having
empathy
is
decisive
to
those
relationships.“和其他人保持关系是成为人的很重要的一部分，拥有同理心对那些关系很重要。”与上下文一致。
（4）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文“In
fact,
Freed
says,
many
top
companies
report
that
empathy
is
one
of
the
most
important
things
they
look
for
in
new
managers.”：实际上，Freed说许多顶级公司报告说同理心也是他们寻找经理的一个重要的部分。所以这里选F.Good
social
skills—including
empathy—are
a
kind
of
“emotional
intelligence”
that
will
help
you
succeed
in
many
areas
of
life.”好的社会技能包括同理心，这种情感智力能使你在生活的许多方面都取得很大的成功。“与上下文一致。
（5）考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文”
For
starters,
let
down
your
guard
and
really
listen
to
others.“对于初学者来说，放下防护，倾听他人。所以这里选C.“One
doesn't
develop
empathy
by
having
a
lot
of
opinions
and
doing
a
lot
of
talking,”
Freed
says.”有很多想法，说很多话不能发展同理心。“与上下文一致。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节的基础上，着重考查考查对上下文语境的理解和推理判断能力。
五、书面表达
21.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：（1）日记的开头已为你写好。（2）词数不少于60。
Saturday，June2???????????????????????????????????????
????Fine
?
??This
morning
【答案】Saturday
，June2?????
??????????????????????????????Fine
???
This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,looking
puzzled.
It
seemed
they
were
lost.I
went
up
to
them
and
asked
how
I
could
help.They
told
me
they
were
looking
for
the
Temple
of
Heaven.
I
led
them
to
the
nearby
bus
stop
and
advised
them
to
take
Bus
No.20,which
could
take
them
there
directy.They
appreciated
my
help
greatly.Before
long,the
bus
came.We
waved
good-bye
to
each
other.Seeing
them
on
the
bus,I
felt
a
kind
of
satisfaction.
【考点】看图写话，开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇看图写作，一共四幅图。做题时：（1）认真读图，可知四幅图体现了你所做的一件好事，（2）初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。（3）连词成句，然后再连句成文。尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。（4）反复审核，修改错误。（5）注意所给的汉语提示。一般说来，看图写话中的汉语提示往往给定了有关的时间、地点、人物等相关的信息，还有参考词汇都是有用信息。在把握了文章的中心后，应在内心构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。这是体现自身能力的重要一环。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如时间状语从句：when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,looking
puzzled.；宾语从句：They
told
me
they
were
looking
for
the
Temple
of
Heaven.定语从句：
I
led
them
to
the
nearby
bus
stop
and
advised
them
to
take
Bus
No.20,which
could
take
them
there
directy.等等。
22.请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
?
??You
are
discussing
the
following
picture
with
your
English
friend
Jim.
Now
you
are
telling
him
how
you
understand
the
picture
and
what
makes
you
think
so.
【答案】One
possible
version:
???
I
think
the
white
pencil,looking
proud
and
delighted,
is
laughing
at
the
black
pencil
by
saying
"You're
nearing
the
end!"The
black
pencil,
on
the
other
hand,
remains
calm.
???
The
white
pencil's
words
let
him
fall
into
deep
thoughts.
He
clearly
remembers
he
has
been
used
in
writing
and
drawing.
It's
true
that
he's
approaching
the
end
but
he
has
been
living
a
memorable
life
and
there
has
rarely
been
a
dull
moment.
???
In
reality,
we
should
learn
from
the
black
pencil:
not
to
mind
what
others
say
so
long
as
we
are
confident
in
what
we
have
done.
【考点】看图写话，开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文考查图作文。看图作文对考生的要求较高，首先考生要看懂图的中心思想。要求考生筛选出要点或者中心思想，不能出现审题方面的偏差。然后再把要点用连接词串联成文。本文告诉我们的道理是，人的一生中要做些有意义的事情，老了才不至于后悔。写作时要使用高级的词汇或者句型让文章更有文采。要使用连接词把两方面的情况表达清楚。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如现在分词作伴随状语：
I
think
the
white
pencil,looking
proud
and
delighted,
is
laughing
at
the
black
pencil
by
saying
"You're
nearing
the
end!"；主语从句：It's
true
that
he's
approaching
the
end
but
he
has
been
living
a
memorable
life
and
there
has
rarely
been
a
dull
moment.宾语从句：
He
clearly
remembers
he
has
been
used
in
writing
and
drawing.
等
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