2012年高考英语真题试卷（湖南卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2012·湖南）We've had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do
【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们已经有了一个良好的开端，但是接下来，需要做更多的工作才能获得最后的成功。根据题干，更多的工作应该需要被做，很容易判断出非谓作need宾语。而need后接宾语只能用上to do, 因此排除A, B. 依题意，“工作”和“做”之间是被动关系，所以排除D，最终答案选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及need to be done句型的应用。
2．（2012·湖南）Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ______later in life.
A．will be repaid B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：不要担心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语later in life意为在以后的生活中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的now混淆，that you do now在句中充当the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。故选A。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及将来时的被动语态，其结构：will/shall be done.
3．（2012·湖南）Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A．to use B．used C．using D．use
【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use与主语time之间为被动，因此直接得出答案B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语的应用。
4．（2012·湖南）Bicycling is good exercise; _______, it does not pollute the air.
A．nevertheless B．besides C．otherwise D．therefore
【答案】B
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：骑自行车是一种很好的运动，而且，还不污染空气。连词的选择主要从上下文的逻辑关系出发来考虑。此处，is good exercise和doesn't pollute the air之间应为顺承关系，所以选besides。而nevertheless“然而”表转折关系，otherwise“否则”表选择关系，therefore“因此”表因果关系，故都排除。故答案选B。
【点评】考查副词辨析，区分nevertheless，besides，otherwise，therefore的含义和用法。
5．（2012·湖南）Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you.
A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．are seeing
【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：关闭身后的恐惧之门，在你的面前便会开启另一扇信心之门。本句为“祈使句+and+完整的陈述句”结构，and前的祈使句相对于if引导的条件从句，and后的句子通常为一般将来时或含有情态动词。故答案选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，以及“祈使句+and+完整的陈述句”结构。
6．（2012·湖南）Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A．why B．how C．whether D．When
【答案】C
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：村子里的每个人都很友好。你在那里住的时间长短都无所谓。A. why“为什么”；B. how “怎样”；C. whether“是否”；D. When“当…..时候”。it是形式主语，whether引导的是真正的主语从句，所以选C。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及whether引导的状语从句的应用。
7．（2012·湖南）"The moment _____soon," he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
A．came B．has tome C．was coming D．is coming
【答案】D
【知识点】现在进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：“这一时刻马上就要来了，”他想，他等的都有点紧张了。先时后态，判断出时间为将来(soon)，就说明这一时刻还没到来但即将到来。选D。
【点评】本题考查时态，本题涉及现在进行时态表将来。
8．（2012·湖南）______ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A．While B．Once C．If D．Until
【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管我总觉得能考及格，但我从未想过能得A。在确定状语从句的引导词时，要从上下文的逻辑关系入手，根据语境，“我总觉得能考及格”和“我从未想过能得A”存在转折关系，所以应用“尽管；虽然”来引导，while在此就表此意。 故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及while引导的让步状语从句。
9．（2012·湖南）Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had B．had had C．have D．had
【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：对不起，我很忙。要是我有空的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游。既然I am too busy，说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设，所以此处为虚拟语气。含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在，所以答案应选had。故答案选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件句中的应用，本题涉及对过去事实的假设。
10．（2012·湖南）It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who B．that C．where D．before
【答案】B
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意： 直到我来这，我才意识到这个地方不仅以它的美而闻名，它的天气也很出名。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个强调句，其结构为“it is/was...that...”，被强调的部分是“not until I came here”，如果将该强调句还原成正常语序应该是：I didn't realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.故答案选B。
【点评】考查强调句型，其结构“it is/was...that...”。
11．（2012·湖南）The lecture,_____at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started
【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：会议在昨天晚上七点开始，会后有进行了用天文望远镜观测月亮的活动。start一词在此既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，因此此处不必分析主被动逻辑关系；不定式含有的将来含义不符合语境，先可排除C、D；start又为短暂动词不可用过于“进行”含义，而being started“正在被开始”强调进行含义，不妥，排除B；A项starting虽为现在分词形式，在此并无进行含义，可视为which started…从句省略而来。选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作定语的应用。
12．（2012·湖南）________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever
【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(＝no matter how)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故答案选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，区分However，Whatever，Whichever，Whenever的含义，以及引导的各种从句。
13．（2012·湖南）—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me
—Sorry，I ________the piano for years.
A．don't play B．wasn't playing C．haven't played D．hadn't played
【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：我记得你在大学时是个很有天赋的钢琴家。你能给我弹钢琴吗？——抱歉，我好几年不弹了。for years是解题的关键，for＋一段时间与现在完成时连用表示动作对现在造成了影响，符合本题句意，故选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及现在完成时的应用。
14．（2012·湖南）Care of the soul is a gradual process _____even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what C．which D．in which
【答案】D
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】 句意：关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应虑及。这是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process。根据定语从句选项选择，很容易排除选项A和B(定从中一定不会用到what作关系词)。再判断从句是否完整(是否缺主宾)，可以判断出从句完整，排除选项C，最后选到D。同时还可以将答案带回原句进行验证。Even the small details of life should be considered in the process.
【点评】本题考查定语从句，涉及介词与关系代词一起引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
15．（2012·湖南）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming______ damaging our health.
A．show; are B．shows; are C．show; is D．shows; is
【答案】D
【知识点】一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中化学药品的不断增长的使用正损害着我们的健康。第一个空中，因为evidence，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数第三人称，该句是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的主语是 use of chemicals ”药品的使用“，是抽象意义的名词，谓语动词要用单数。故选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和主谓一致，本题涉及的是一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
二、完形填空
16．（2012·湖南）完形填空
"What's it like to have a gap between your teeth " a girl asked me one day.
Nobody had ever （1） before. My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. But, as she looked at me, sincerely waiting for （2） , 1 realized she was not trying to be rude. "I never think about it," I truthfully replied. She nodded and turned away. I was left wondering if people （3） me and saw only gappy teeth.
Later that day at home, I began to （4） my teeth again. I felt upset. I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!
Of course, Mom （5） everything . She has lived her entire life with gappy teeth, and tried to convince me that there was nothing to （6） . When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. "Let's be （7） , though," she said. "If everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be exactly the same. There is beauty in differences."
Her （8） made me consider my teeth seriously. The thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it. I realized how important it was to me. It is part of my （9） .
Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of "perfection." The （10） is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for （11） .
So if that girl ever asked about my teeth （12） , I would truthfully answer. "You know It's really cute."
（1）A．faced B．guessed C．asked D．imagined
（2）A．an offer B．an answer C．a suggestion D．a result
（3）A．heard of B．thought of C．talked about D．looked at
（4）A．consider B．brush C．cover D．appreciate
（5）A．admitted B．noticed C．controlled D．changed
（6）A．worry about B．put off C．give up D．wipe out
（7）A．friendly B．lovely C．honest D．helpful
（8）A．words B．jokes C．dreams D．acts
（9）A．ability B．decision C．goal D．identity
（10）A．possibility B．purpose C．truth D．choice
（11）A．courage B．wisdom C．kindness D．beauty
（12）A．once B．again C．too D．instead
【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）A；（7）C；（8）A；（9）D；（10）B；（11）D；（12）B
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了和妈妈对于自己牙齿缝隙不同看法的故事。
（1）考查动词。从前没有人这么“问过”。指上文的问题。故选C。
（2）考查名词。小女孩问完之后，看着我，正真诚地等我“回答”。B合语境。
（3）考查动词短语。句意：只剩下我一个人在那里想，是否有人看我时只注意到我的豁牙子呢？故选D。
（4）考查动词。因后有again提示，对应wondering，答案consider为最佳，选A.
（5）考查动词。妈妈“注意到”了这一切。这里指妈妈发现了我的变化。B合语境。
（6）考查动词短语。她想让我相信长个豁牙子没有什么可担忧的。选A。
（7）考查形容词。让我们诚实点。这里指不必刻意地追求美，有个豁牙子没什么，不必掩饰，要诚实点。C合语境。
（8）考查名词。这里指上一段妈妈说的话。选A。
（9）考查名词。它是我独特性的一部分。长个豁牙子正显示了我的独特。选D。
（10）考查名词。事实上没有人是完美的。“事实真相”相当于their dream of “perfection”而言。B合语境。
（11）考查名词。句意：一旦失去了丑的可能，美的可能也会失去。此处beauty和ugliness是对立的概念。选D。
（12）考查副词。asked about之前出现过，因而答案为again；文章开头提到小女孩问问题，所以这里说如果这个小女孩“再次”问的话，我会如实回答。选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、动词短语、形容词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、补全短文
17．（2012·湖南）语法填空
Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that have to write or call our friends every day. It does mean, however, that we care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.
People have different habits about keeping in touch with others. Some like to call their friends, sometimes many times day. Others prefer to e-mail their friends. Still prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles the envelopes along with their letters. Some even write postcards while they are on vacation send them to friends.
Every kind of communication is important. It is important what kind of call we make or letter we send. is important is that we let others know we care about them.
【答案】we；Should；a；Others；In；and；not；What
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，表达了作者对于朋友之间联系方式的看法。
（1）考查动词。that引导的宾语从句中缺主语。
（2）考查情态动词。此处需一情态动词，should“应该”，语气合适；如填must，语气太强；may / can语气太弱。
（3）考查冠词。a相当于each或per。
（4）考查代词。由still，判断答案对应前文others；此处构成some…others…and still others…关联结构，意为“一些……另一些……还有一些……”。（5）考查介词。include photos or interesting articles in the envelopes把照片或有趣的文章装进信封。
（6）考查连词。and连接write和send两个动词。
（7）考查副词。根据两句话间的逻辑关系确定，此处应为否定。
（8）考查连词。what在主语从句中作主语。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、情态动词、冠词、代词、介词、连词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步进行分析推理，写出正确的单词。
四、阅读理解
18．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
What makes a gift special Is it the price you see on the gift receipt Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value What gift is worth the most
This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming. and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.
I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.
Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.
（1）The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was______.
A．doing shopping B．having a debate
C．reading a message D．leaving for Wyoming
（2）The author's inspiration for the gift came from_____.
A．a photo of a flower B．a story about a kid
C．a call from the mother D．a text about Christmas
（3）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by_____.
A．the father B．the author
C．William Blake D．Edgar Allan Poe
（4）The author made the gift by_____.
A．searching for the poems online
B．drawing the background by hand
C．painting the letters in three colors
D．matching the words with pictures
（5）What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To show how to design images for gifts.
B．To suggest making gifts from one's heart.
C．To explain how computers help create gifts.
D．To describe the gifts the author has received
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
（5）B
【知识点】主旨大意；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了为其父亲制作圣诞礼物的一件小事，通过这件小事告诉读者，真正有价值的礼物不在于价格，而在于是否在用心准备、是否能让接受礼物的人真心感激。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.”，可知选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming. and underneath a poem by William Blake.”，可知选A。
（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe”，可知it指代Edgar Allan Poe的诗，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…searched online for a background to the words of it”可知选D。
（5）考查写作意图。本文主要讲述了为父亲制作生日礼物的故事。根据内容可知她做这个生日礼物给父亲是用心去体会爸爸的感情，用是自己的真心来制作这份礼物的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、代词指代和写作意图三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend tees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to 'learn from the masters' or get more creative with paint —- free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.
The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.
The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called 'Hissing Sid' is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.
Byron's Pool
Many stories surround Lord Byron's time as a student of Cambridge University, Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I'm not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roans. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron's Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don't trust me, then perhaps you'll take it from Virginia Woolf一—over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.
（1）As mentioned in the passage, there is a small charge for_____.
A．attending the masters' class B．working with local artists
C．learning life drawing D．seeing an exhibition
（2）"Torch Aloe" and "Venus Flytrap" are_____.
A．common insects B．impressive plants
C．rarely-seen snakes D．wildlife-enthusiasts
（3）We can infer from the passage that Byron seemed_____.
A．to fear pet bears B．to like walking
C．to be a heavy drinker D．to finish university in 1805
（4）In the passage Byron's Pool is described as a lake_____.
A．surrounded by fields B．owned by Lord Byron
C．located in Grantchester D．discovered by Virginia Woolf
（5）What is the passage mainly about
A．Some places for weekend break
B．A way to become creative in art.
C．The colourful life in the countryside.
D．Unknown stories of Cambridge University.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告，介绍了几处周末度假去处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据King's Art Centre部分中的“ The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.”，可知选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据The Botanic Garden部分中的“ The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. ”，可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Byron's Pool部分中的“He spent a great deal of time walking in the village”可知选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“…the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the field”可知选A。
（5）考查主旨大意。本篇介绍的是几处周末度假去处，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ('虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They're also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They're even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
（1）Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk's_____.
A．remarkable design B．interesting name
C．major features D．basic elements
（2）What has become a concern about plastic
A．Using it properly.
B．Producing it cheaply.
C．Developing its properties quickly.
D．Evaluating its contributions fairly.
（3）According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.
A．it can help plastic degrade
B．it can be found in living things
C．its mass production has been realized
D．its raw materials are abundant in mature
（4）What are the inventors doing in the lab
A．Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.
B．Testing ahrilk's use in wet conditions.
C．Making shrilk out of used household goods.
D．Improving shrilk's flexibility for medical purposes.
（5）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Harm of One-time Products
D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
（5）D
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；新闻报道类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道，说明文，讲述的主题是"shrilk."，哈佛大学的研究人员仿照昆虫外壳研制出了一种既坚硬又廉价的物质。这种物质由虾壳和蚕丝提取物制作而成，可降解，非常环保。
（1）考查段落大意。第一段中的“ Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells.”介绍了shrilk的主要特征即tough, low-cost, biodegradable，而本句是本段的主题句。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Decades later, however, plastic's very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.”可知选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. ”可知选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so they are exploring ways to use it in wet environment”可知选B。
（5）考查主旨大意题。本文是新闻报道，主要介绍的是一种新环保材料shrilk。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
五、阅读表达
21．（2012·湖南）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation (航行), and to prevent flooding.
River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers.
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.
⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽
【答案】River Control；Reasons；supply；agriculture；flooding；deepening；stabilizing；shortening；dam construction；the environment
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述人类对河流资源的利用，从利用原因和利用方式上分别介绍，结构清晰。
⑴全文标题，根据首段（people have controlled river, rivers are controlled）和各段首(river control is, people control rivers…)得出全文都在讨论利用河流资源，答案注意要改成名词形式River Control。
⑵根据本空后面的方框提到的信息定位到第一段中的“Today, rivers are controlled by many reasons, … ”答案为概括这些细节的名词，即Reasons（注意复数形式）。
⑶根据第二段中的“for daily, agricultural and…”答案为前一行的supply（注意改为原形-空格前有不定式to）。
⑷根据⑶题定位得出答案agriculture（注意改为名词-与daily life和industry 并列）。
⑸根据第一段中的“and to prevent flooding”得出答案flooding（prevent与stop… from同义替换）。
⑹根据第二段，空格前后的widening和straightening确定答案为deepening。
⑺根据⑷题定位，确定答案为stabilizing（注意形式也要与上一条并列被stabilization改为动名词）。
⑻根据400 km定位到第三段最后一句，得出答案shortening。
⑼根据 第四段第二句，本题的答案应该是方框后面两条具体信息的概括表达，所以找到本句前半部分的“the past 50 years or so has been an increase in dam construction worldwide,'下面即是具体描述，所以答案为dam construction.
⑽根据最后一段中的”cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful“得出答案为the environment(注意把environmental给为名词，同时注意添加冠词the)
【点评】本题涉及多个知识点的考查，要求考生在掌握所给材料的信息基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合语境进行概括和归纳，写出正确答案。
22．（2012·湖南）Section BDirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift (.轮班)， I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: "Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one." I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
（1）Why did the author apply everywhere that summer (No more than 12 words)
（2）What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do (No more than 14 words)
（3）Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations (No more than 13 words)
（4）What did the author learn from his first job (No more than 11 words)
【答案】（1）Because he wanted to save up money and buy his own car.
（2）The manger particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.
（3）He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
（4）He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在餐厅打工的经历，选材贴近学生日常生活，难度适中。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”so I applied everywhere I could that summer“，的so得出答案在本句的前半部分I wanted to save up money and buy my own car. 答题时注意人称的变化改成He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.“答案要写完整的句子The manger particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.注意：这一题问manager 期待worker 做什么，而文中出现的是名词短语fast service，所以要根据常识补充餐厅服务员是给客人提供服务(offer service).
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Over three years later I still work at the restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.“后面一句即是解释原因I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.答案把人称修改He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.'答案受字数限制需要合并句子，修改为He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并按照题目要求，进行归纳整理，写出正确的答案。
23．（2012·湖南）Section CDirections: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
生活中,你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，其间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨……请就此写一篇英语短文。
主要内容包括, 1)丢失的物品: 2)物品失而复得的经过; 3) 你的感想。
注意：1.词数不少于120个;2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称.
【答案】One possible version:
Three years ago, just before my departure with my good friend Tommy, he got me a wonderful watch as my birthday gift, which I had ever since been treasuring all the time before unfortunately I got it lost.
I used to go everywhere with company of my watch pet but the other day I could go nowhere for its sign. I was so upset and depressed that I lost any desire for doing things and I could not even recall where and how I lost it. What happened next on this morning, however, almost sent my spirits flying higher than sky. Guess what It found its way back to my dormitory, lying on my bed with a note beside it saying: I'm sure it's yours, so I brought it back from the library assistant. Jack.
Ah, my dorm mate Jack found it in the library. Can you imagine how excited I was at that moment I must offer my thankfulness to Jack for his kindness. And I also need to reflect on my carelessness.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是提纲类作文的写作。要求根据所提供的信息写一篇短文，写作要点已经给出，内容包括：1)丢失的物品: 2)物品失而复得的经过; 3) 你的感想。可见文章的中心和重点要放在"经过"的描写之中，但是也要描写自己的感受，写出作者自己的烦恼、惊喜、感慨，尤其要包含失而复得的复杂过程，是一篇夹叙夹议的作文。写作时要注意使用合适的连接词连接起全文，使文章更有条理，更连贯。同时注意时态的正确运用，可以做适当的发挥，在保证语法准确的基础上，使用一些高级词汇，短语，句型来提高文章档次。
【点评】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句：he got me a wonderful watch as my birthday gift, which I had ever since been treasuring all the time before unfortunately I got it lost.；主语从句：What happened next on this morning, however, almost sent my spirits flying higher than sky. 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
1 / 12012年高考英语真题试卷（湖南卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2012·湖南）We've had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A．being done B．do C．to be done D．to do
2．（2012·湖南）Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ______later in life.
A．will be repaid B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
3．（2012·湖南）Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A．to use B．used C．using D．use
4．（2012·湖南）Bicycling is good exercise; _______, it does not pollute the air.
A．nevertheless B．besides C．otherwise D．therefore
5．（2012·湖南）Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you.
A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．are seeing
6．（2012·湖南）Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A．why B．how C．whether D．When
7．（2012·湖南）"The moment _____soon," he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
A．came B．has tome C．was coming D．is coming
8．（2012·湖南）______ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A．While B．Once C．If D．Until
9．（2012·湖南）Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had B．had had C．have D．had
10．（2012·湖南）It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who B．that C．where D．before
11．（2012·湖南）The lecture,_____at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started
12．（2012·湖南）________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever
13．（2012·湖南）—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me
—Sorry，I ________the piano for years.
A．don't play B．wasn't playing C．haven't played D．hadn't played
14．（2012·湖南）Care of the soul is a gradual process _____even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what C．which D．in which
15．（2012·湖南）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming______ damaging our health.
A．show; are B．shows; are C．show; is D．shows; is
二、完形填空
16．（2012·湖南）完形填空
"What's it like to have a gap between your teeth " a girl asked me one day.
Nobody had ever （1） before. My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. But, as she looked at me, sincerely waiting for （2） , 1 realized she was not trying to be rude. "I never think about it," I truthfully replied. She nodded and turned away. I was left wondering if people （3） me and saw only gappy teeth.
Later that day at home, I began to （4） my teeth again. I felt upset. I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!
Of course, Mom （5） everything . She has lived her entire life with gappy teeth, and tried to convince me that there was nothing to （6） . When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. "Let's be （7） , though," she said. "If everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be exactly the same. There is beauty in differences."
Her （8） made me consider my teeth seriously. The thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it. I realized how important it was to me. It is part of my （9） .
Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of "perfection." The （10） is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for （11） .
So if that girl ever asked about my teeth （12） , I would truthfully answer. "You know It's really cute."
（1）A．faced B．guessed C．asked D．imagined
（2）A．an offer B．an answer C．a suggestion D．a result
（3）A．heard of B．thought of C．talked about D．looked at
（4）A．consider B．brush C．cover D．appreciate
（5）A．admitted B．noticed C．controlled D．changed
（6）A．worry about B．put off C．give up D．wipe out
（7）A．friendly B．lovely C．honest D．helpful
（8）A．words B．jokes C．dreams D．acts
（9）A．ability B．decision C．goal D．identity
（10）A．possibility B．purpose C．truth D．choice
（11）A．courage B．wisdom C．kindness D．beauty
（12）A．once B．again C．too D．instead
三、补全短文
17．（2012·湖南）语法填空
Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that have to write or call our friends every day. It does mean, however, that we care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.
People have different habits about keeping in touch with others. Some like to call their friends, sometimes many times day. Others prefer to e-mail their friends. Still prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles the envelopes along with their letters. Some even write postcards while they are on vacation send them to friends.
Every kind of communication is important. It is important what kind of call we make or letter we send. is important is that we let others know we care about them.
四、阅读理解
18．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
What makes a gift special Is it the price you see on the gift receipt Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value What gift is worth the most
This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming. and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.
I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.
Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.
（1）The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was______.
A．doing shopping B．having a debate
C．reading a message D．leaving for Wyoming
（2）The author's inspiration for the gift came from_____.
A．a photo of a flower B．a story about a kid
C．a call from the mother D．a text about Christmas
（3）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by_____.
A．the father B．the author
C．William Blake D．Edgar Allan Poe
（4）The author made the gift by_____.
A．searching for the poems online
B．drawing the background by hand
C．painting the letters in three colors
D．matching the words with pictures
（5）What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To show how to design images for gifts.
B．To suggest making gifts from one's heart.
C．To explain how computers help create gifts.
D．To describe the gifts the author has received
19．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend tees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to 'learn from the masters' or get more creative with paint —- free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.
The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.
The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called 'Hissing Sid' is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.
Byron's Pool
Many stories surround Lord Byron's time as a student of Cambridge University, Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I'm not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roans. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron's Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don't trust me, then perhaps you'll take it from Virginia Woolf一—over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.
（1）As mentioned in the passage, there is a small charge for_____.
A．attending the masters' class B．working with local artists
C．learning life drawing D．seeing an exhibition
（2）"Torch Aloe" and "Venus Flytrap" are_____.
A．common insects B．impressive plants
C．rarely-seen snakes D．wildlife-enthusiasts
（3）We can infer from the passage that Byron seemed_____.
A．to fear pet bears B．to like walking
C．to be a heavy drinker D．to finish university in 1805
（4）In the passage Byron's Pool is described as a lake_____.
A．surrounded by fields B．owned by Lord Byron
C．located in Grantchester D．discovered by Virginia Woolf
（5）What is the passage mainly about
A．Some places for weekend break
B．A way to become creative in art.
C．The colourful life in the countryside.
D．Unknown stories of Cambridge University.
20．（2012·湖南）阅读理解
Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The material, made from shrimp ('虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called "shrilk." It is thin, clear, flexible and strong.
A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastic's toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and '60s. Decades later, however, plastic's very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years
Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料), and so will enrich the soil.
Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.
Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they're exploring ways to use it in wet environments. They're also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for non-medical products, like for computer cases and other products inside the home. They're even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties.
（1）Paragraph I of the passage is mainly about shritk's_____.
A．remarkable design B．interesting name
C．major features D．basic elements
（2）What has become a concern about plastic
A．Using it properly.
B．Producing it cheaply.
C．Developing its properties quickly.
D．Evaluating its contributions fairly.
（3）According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_____.
A．it can help plastic degrade
B．it can be found in living things
C．its mass production has been realized
D．its raw materials are abundant in mature
（4）What are the inventors doing in the lab
A．Replacing carbon fibers with shrilk.
B．Testing ahrilk's use in wet conditions.
C．Making shrilk out of used household goods.
D．Improving shrilk's flexibility for medical purposes.
（5）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Recent Progress in Environmental Protection
B．Benefits of Insects in Scientific Research
C．The Harm of One-time Products
D．A Possible Alternative to Plastic
五、阅读表达
21．（2012·湖南）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation (航行), and to prevent flooding.
River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers.
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.
⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽
22．（2012·湖南）Section BDirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift (.轮班)， I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: "Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one." I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
（1）Why did the author apply everywhere that summer (No more than 12 words)
（2）What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do (No more than 14 words)
（3）Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations (No more than 13 words)
（4）What did the author learn from his first job (No more than 11 words)
23．（2012·湖南）Section CDirections: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
生活中,你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，其间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨……请就此写一篇英语短文。
主要内容包括, 1)丢失的物品: 2)物品失而复得的经过; 3) 你的感想。
注意：1.词数不少于120个;2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我们已经有了一个良好的开端，但是接下来，需要做更多的工作才能获得最后的成功。根据题干，更多的工作应该需要被做，很容易判断出非谓作need宾语。而need后接宾语只能用上to do, 因此排除A, B. 依题意，“工作”和“做”之间是被动关系，所以排除D，最终答案选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及need to be done句型的应用。
2．【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：不要担心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语later in life意为在以后的生活中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的now混淆，that you do now在句中充当the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。故选A。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及将来时的被动语态，其结构：will/shall be done.
3．【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use与主语time之间为被动，因此直接得出答案B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语的应用。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：骑自行车是一种很好的运动，而且，还不污染空气。连词的选择主要从上下文的逻辑关系出发来考虑。此处，is good exercise和doesn't pollute the air之间应为顺承关系，所以选besides。而nevertheless“然而”表转折关系，otherwise“否则”表选择关系，therefore“因此”表因果关系，故都排除。故答案选B。
【点评】考查副词辨析，区分nevertheless，besides，otherwise，therefore的含义和用法。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：关闭身后的恐惧之门，在你的面前便会开启另一扇信心之门。本句为“祈使句+and+完整的陈述句”结构，and前的祈使句相对于if引导的条件从句，and后的句子通常为一般将来时或含有情态动词。故答案选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，以及“祈使句+and+完整的陈述句”结构。
6．【答案】C
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：村子里的每个人都很友好。你在那里住的时间长短都无所谓。A. why“为什么”；B. how “怎样”；C. whether“是否”；D. When“当…..时候”。it是形式主语，whether引导的是真正的主语从句，所以选C。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及whether引导的状语从句的应用。
7．【答案】D
【知识点】现在进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：“这一时刻马上就要来了，”他想，他等的都有点紧张了。先时后态，判断出时间为将来(soon)，就说明这一时刻还没到来但即将到来。选D。
【点评】本题考查时态，本题涉及现在进行时态表将来。
8．【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管我总觉得能考及格，但我从未想过能得A。在确定状语从句的引导词时，要从上下文的逻辑关系入手，根据语境，“我总觉得能考及格”和“我从未想过能得A”存在转折关系，所以应用“尽管；虽然”来引导，while在此就表此意。 故选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及while引导的让步状语从句。
9．【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：对不起，我很忙。要是我有空的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游。既然I am too busy，说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设，所以此处为虚拟语气。含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在，所以答案应选had。故答案选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件句中的应用，本题涉及对过去事实的假设。
10．【答案】B
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意： 直到我来这，我才意识到这个地方不仅以它的美而闻名，它的天气也很出名。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个强调句，其结构为“it is/was...that...”，被强调的部分是“not until I came here”，如果将该强调句还原成正常语序应该是：I didn't realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.故答案选B。
【点评】考查强调句型，其结构“it is/was...that...”。
11．【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：会议在昨天晚上七点开始，会后有进行了用天文望远镜观测月亮的活动。start一词在此既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，因此此处不必分析主被动逻辑关系；不定式含有的将来含义不符合语境，先可排除C、D；start又为短暂动词不可用过于“进行”含义，而being started“正在被开始”强调进行含义，不妥，排除B；A项starting虽为现在分词形式，在此并无进行含义，可视为which started…从句省略而来。选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作定语的应用。
12．【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(＝no matter how)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故答案选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，区分However，Whatever，Whichever，Whenever的含义，以及引导的各种从句。
13．【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：我记得你在大学时是个很有天赋的钢琴家。你能给我弹钢琴吗？——抱歉，我好几年不弹了。for years是解题的关键，for＋一段时间与现在完成时连用表示动作对现在造成了影响，符合本题句意，故选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及现在完成时的应用。
14．【答案】D
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】 句意：关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应虑及。这是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process。根据定语从句选项选择，很容易排除选项A和B(定从中一定不会用到what作关系词)。再判断从句是否完整(是否缺主宾)，可以判断出从句完整，排除选项C，最后选到D。同时还可以将答案带回原句进行验证。Even the small details of life should be considered in the process.
【点评】本题考查定语从句，涉及介词与关系代词一起引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
15．【答案】D
【知识点】一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中化学药品的不断增长的使用正损害着我们的健康。第一个空中，因为evidence，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数第三人称，该句是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的主语是 use of chemicals ”药品的使用“，是抽象意义的名词，谓语动词要用单数。故选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和主谓一致，本题涉及的是一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
16．【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）A；（7）C；（8）A；（9）D；（10）B；（11）D；（12）B
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了和妈妈对于自己牙齿缝隙不同看法的故事。
（1）考查动词。从前没有人这么“问过”。指上文的问题。故选C。
（2）考查名词。小女孩问完之后，看着我，正真诚地等我“回答”。B合语境。
（3）考查动词短语。句意：只剩下我一个人在那里想，是否有人看我时只注意到我的豁牙子呢？故选D。
（4）考查动词。因后有again提示，对应wondering，答案consider为最佳，选A.
（5）考查动词。妈妈“注意到”了这一切。这里指妈妈发现了我的变化。B合语境。
（6）考查动词短语。她想让我相信长个豁牙子没有什么可担忧的。选A。
（7）考查形容词。让我们诚实点。这里指不必刻意地追求美，有个豁牙子没什么，不必掩饰，要诚实点。C合语境。
（8）考查名词。这里指上一段妈妈说的话。选A。
（9）考查名词。它是我独特性的一部分。长个豁牙子正显示了我的独特。选D。
（10）考查名词。事实上没有人是完美的。“事实真相”相当于their dream of “perfection”而言。B合语境。
（11）考查名词。句意：一旦失去了丑的可能，美的可能也会失去。此处beauty和ugliness是对立的概念。选D。
（12）考查副词。asked about之前出现过，因而答案为again；文章开头提到小女孩问问题，所以这里说如果这个小女孩“再次”问的话，我会如实回答。选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、动词短语、形容词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
17．【答案】we；Should；a；Others；In；and；not；What
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，表达了作者对于朋友之间联系方式的看法。
（1）考查动词。that引导的宾语从句中缺主语。
（2）考查情态动词。此处需一情态动词，should“应该”，语气合适；如填must，语气太强；may / can语气太弱。
（3）考查冠词。a相当于each或per。
（4）考查代词。由still，判断答案对应前文others；此处构成some…others…and still others…关联结构，意为“一些……另一些……还有一些……”。（5）考查介词。include photos or interesting articles in the envelopes把照片或有趣的文章装进信封。
（6）考查连词。and连接write和send两个动词。
（7）考查副词。根据两句话间的逻辑关系确定，此处应为否定。
（8）考查连词。what在主语从句中作主语。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、情态动词、冠词、代词、介词、连词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步进行分析推理，写出正确的单词。
18．【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
（5）B
【知识点】主旨大意；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了为其父亲制作圣诞礼物的一件小事，通过这件小事告诉读者，真正有价值的礼物不在于价格，而在于是否在用心准备、是否能让接受礼物的人真心感激。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything.”，可知选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming. and underneath a poem by William Blake.”，可知选A。
（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe”，可知it指代Edgar Allan Poe的诗，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…searched online for a background to the words of it”可知选D。
（5）考查写作意图。本文主要讲述了为父亲制作生日礼物的故事。根据内容可知她做这个生日礼物给父亲是用心去体会爸爸的感情，用是自己的真心来制作这份礼物的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、代词指代和写作意图三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告，介绍了几处周末度假去处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据King's Art Centre部分中的“ The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.”，可知选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据The Botanic Garden部分中的“ The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. ”，可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Byron's Pool部分中的“He spent a great deal of time walking in the village”可知选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“…the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the field”可知选A。
（5）考查主旨大意。本篇介绍的是几处周末度假去处，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
（5）D
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；新闻报道类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道，说明文，讲述的主题是"shrilk."，哈佛大学的研究人员仿照昆虫外壳研制出了一种既坚硬又廉价的物质。这种物质由虾壳和蚕丝提取物制作而成，可降解，非常环保。
（1）考查段落大意。第一段中的“ Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost, biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells.”介绍了shrilk的主要特征即tough, low-cost, biodegradable，而本句是本段的主题句。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Decades later, however, plastic's very durability is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags, or short-lived consumer goods, used in home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.”可知选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. ”可知选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so they are exploring ways to use it in wet environment”可知选B。
（5）考查主旨大意题。本文是新闻报道，主要介绍的是一种新环保材料shrilk。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
21．【答案】River Control；Reasons；supply；agriculture；flooding；deepening；stabilizing；shortening；dam construction；the environment
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述人类对河流资源的利用，从利用原因和利用方式上分别介绍，结构清晰。
⑴全文标题，根据首段（people have controlled river, rivers are controlled）和各段首(river control is, people control rivers…)得出全文都在讨论利用河流资源，答案注意要改成名词形式River Control。
⑵根据本空后面的方框提到的信息定位到第一段中的“Today, rivers are controlled by many reasons, … ”答案为概括这些细节的名词，即Reasons（注意复数形式）。
⑶根据第二段中的“for daily, agricultural and…”答案为前一行的supply（注意改为原形-空格前有不定式to）。
⑷根据⑶题定位得出答案agriculture（注意改为名词-与daily life和industry 并列）。
⑸根据第一段中的“and to prevent flooding”得出答案flooding（prevent与stop… from同义替换）。
⑹根据第二段，空格前后的widening和straightening确定答案为deepening。
⑺根据⑷题定位，确定答案为stabilizing（注意形式也要与上一条并列被stabilization改为动名词）。
⑻根据400 km定位到第三段最后一句，得出答案shortening。
⑼根据 第四段第二句，本题的答案应该是方框后面两条具体信息的概括表达，所以找到本句前半部分的“the past 50 years or so has been an increase in dam construction worldwide,'下面即是具体描述，所以答案为dam construction.
⑽根据最后一段中的”cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful“得出答案为the environment(注意把environmental给为名词，同时注意添加冠词the)
【点评】本题涉及多个知识点的考查，要求考生在掌握所给材料的信息基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合语境进行概括和归纳，写出正确答案。
22．【答案】（1）Because he wanted to save up money and buy his own car.
（2）The manger particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.
（3）He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
（4）He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在餐厅打工的经历，选材贴近学生日常生活，难度适中。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”so I applied everywhere I could that summer“，的so得出答案在本句的前半部分I wanted to save up money and buy my own car. 答题时注意人称的变化改成He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.“答案要写完整的句子The manger particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile.注意：这一题问manager 期待worker 做什么，而文中出现的是名词短语fast service，所以要根据常识补充餐厅服务员是给客人提供服务(offer service).
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Over three years later I still work at the restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.“后面一句即是解释原因I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.答案把人称修改He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.'答案受字数限制需要合并句子，修改为He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situations.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并按照题目要求，进行归纳整理，写出正确的答案。
23．【答案】One possible version:
Three years ago, just before my departure with my good friend Tommy, he got me a wonderful watch as my birthday gift, which I had ever since been treasuring all the time before unfortunately I got it lost.
I used to go everywhere with company of my watch pet but the other day I could go nowhere for its sign. I was so upset and depressed that I lost any desire for doing things and I could not even recall where and how I lost it. What happened next on this morning, however, almost sent my spirits flying higher than sky. Guess what It found its way back to my dormitory, lying on my bed with a note beside it saying: I'm sure it's yours, so I brought it back from the library assistant. Jack.
Ah, my dorm mate Jack found it in the library. Can you imagine how excited I was at that moment I must offer my thankfulness to Jack for his kindness. And I also need to reflect on my carelessness.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是提纲类作文的写作。要求根据所提供的信息写一篇短文，写作要点已经给出，内容包括：1)丢失的物品: 2)物品失而复得的经过; 3) 你的感想。可见文章的中心和重点要放在"经过"的描写之中，但是也要描写自己的感受，写出作者自己的烦恼、惊喜、感慨，尤其要包含失而复得的复杂过程，是一篇夹叙夹议的作文。写作时要注意使用合适的连接词连接起全文，使文章更有条理，更连贯。同时注意时态的正确运用，可以做适当的发挥，在保证语法准确的基础上，使用一些高级词汇，短语，句型来提高文章档次。
【点评】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句：he got me a wonderful watch as my birthday gift, which I had ever since been treasuring all the time before unfortunately I got it lost.；主语从句：What happened next on this morning, however, almost sent my spirits flying higher than sky. 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
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