2012年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）

2012年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2012·山东）When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________.
A．whoever B．wherever C．whatever D．however
2．（2012·山东）—Sorry I'm late.I got stuck in traffic.
—______.You're here e in and sit down.
A．You are welcome B．That's right
C．I have no idea D．Never mind
3．（2012·山东）Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A．them B．that C．which D．what
4．（2012·山东）My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A．expression B．attention C．satisfaction D．impression
5．（2012·山东）It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A．how B．whether C．what D．why
6．（2012·山东）George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A．to be told B．telling C．being told D．told
7．（2012·山东）He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A．as B．if C．unless D．though
8．（2012·山东）After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A．had started B．has started C．started D．starts
9．（2012·山东）Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A．the; the B．a; a C．a; 不填 D．不填；a
10．（2012·山东）If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make C．didn't make D．hadn't made
11．（2012·山东）— I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can't stand all this rain.
A．I don't care B．It's hard to say
C．So am I D．I hope not
12．（2012·山东）A number of high buildings have arisen ________there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A．when B．where C．before D．until
13．（2012·山东）Be _______ — you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A．reasonable B．confident C．creative D．grateful
14．（2012·山东）The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A．will leave B．are leaving C．have left D．were leaving
15．（2012·山东）After completing and singing it. Please return the form to us in the envelope _____.
A．providing B．provided
C．having provided D．provide
二、完形填空
16．（2012·山东）完形填空
Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the （1） is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a （2） country like Germany
Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making （3） for the homeless of Berlin, Germany's capital. They first （4） one long hot summer when most Germans were （5） on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, （6） .
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren't （7） . “What these people also need is warmth and （8） ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn't （9） to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita （10） there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always （11） to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.
The couple were soon （12） all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to （13） donations. Today, over thirty companies （14） donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to （15） them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer （16） new shoes.
Kurt and Rita receive no （17） for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn't （18） money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets （19） She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a （20） .
（1）A．result B．truth C．reason D．idea
（2）A．traditional B．developing C．typical D．wealthy
（3）A．preparations B．houses C．meals D．suggestions
（4）A．began B．met C．called D．left
（5）A．asleep B．alone C．across D．away
（6）A．brought up B．set up C．put aside D．gave away
（7）A．enough B．necessary C．helpful D．expensive
（8）A．fame B．freedom C．courage D．caring
（9）A．hesitate B．agree C．pretend D．intend
（10）A．make sense B．found out C．make sure D．worked out
（11）A．open B．crowded C．noisy D．near
（12）A．costing B．wasting C．taking D．spending
（13）A．pay for B．ask for C．look into D．carry out
（14）A．completely B．calmly C．regularly D．roughly
（15）A．advertise B．sell C．deliver D．lend
（16）A．donates B．produces C．designs D．collects
（17）A．permission B．payment C．direction D．support
（18）A．borrow B．raise C．save D．expect
（19）A．surprised B．excited C．tired D．amused
（20）A．profit B．difference C．decision D．rule
三、阅读理解
17．（2012·山东）阅读理解
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
（1）What might be the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries
C．To show the importance of money
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
（2）What was Nauru like before the Europeans came
A．Rich and powerful B．Modern and open
C．Peaceful and attractive D．Greedy and aggressive
（3）The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A．soil pollution B．phosphate overmining
C．farming activity D．whale hunting
（4）Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem
A．Its leaders misused the money
B．It spent too much repairing the island
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
（5）What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph
A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
D．The phosphate mines were destroyed
18．（2012·山东）阅读理解
One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
（1）According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.
A．came out before minor died
B．was edited by an American volunteer
C．included the English words invented by Murray
D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
（2）How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary
A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C．He provided a great number of words and quotations
D．he went to England to work with Murray.
（3）Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford
A．He was shut in an asylum B．He lived far from Oxford
C．He was busy writing a book D．He disliked traveling
（4）Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because __________.
A．they both served in the Civil War.
B．They had a common interest in words
C．Minor recovered with the help of Murray
D．Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
（5）Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor
A．Brave and determined B．Cautious and friendly
C．Considerate and optimistic D．Unusual and scholarly
（6）What does the text mainly talk about
A．The history of the English language.
B．The friendship between Murray and Minor
C．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary
D．Broadmoor Asylum and is patients
19．（2012·山东）阅读理解
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction, They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带). It cost 1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
（1）The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________.
A．offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B．set up a local landmark
C．help improve traffic
D．protect squirrels
（2）What happened over the coffee break discussion
A．The committee got the Council's blessing.
B．The squirrel bridge idea was born
C．A councilwoman named the bridge
D．A squirrel was found dead.
（3）What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text
A．passing them a rope
B．Directing them to store food for winter
C．Teaching them a lesson
D．Showing them how to use the bridge.
（4）Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge
A．It was replaced by a longer one. B．It was built from wood and metal.
C．it was rebuilt after years of use. D．It was designed by Bill Hutch.
（5）What can we learn about Amos Peters
A．He is remembered for his love of animals.
B．He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C．He was a member of the City Council.
D．He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
20．（2012·山东）阅读理解
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners are at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it's not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
（1）What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES
A．The machine will be a big success.
B．their wives like doing the laundry.
C．The machine is unrelated to their life.
D．This kind of technology is familiar to them.
（2）What can we learn about the new laundry machines
A．They can tell you when your clothes need washing
B．They can be controlled with a smartphone
C．They are difficult to operate
D．They are sold at a low price
（3）We can conclude form Samsung's statements that ___________.
A．the app connection makes life easier
B．it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C．smartphone can shorten the drying time
D．we should refresh clothes back at home
（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The laundry should be frequently checked
B．Lazy people like using such machines
C．Good technologies also cause problems
D．Television may help do the laundry.
四、阅读表达
21．（2012·山东）任务型阅读
[1] Ashley Power's mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn't find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I'd make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn't even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you'd be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don't listen when ___.____, because I heard ‘no' a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes'!”
（1）For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）
　 　
（3）According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（4）How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company (no more than 5 words)
　 　
（5）Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
　 　
五、书面表达
22．（2012·山东）假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：
1). 参加英语角的益处；
2). 坚持写英语日记的作用；
3). 英文阅读网站（EnjoyReading）对你的帮助。
注意：1). 词数：120-150；
2). 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】A
【知识点】代词
【解析】【分析】句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。此处whoever是代词，”任何人，无论谁“，它作to的宾语。故选A。
【点评】考查代词辨析，区分whoever，wherever，whatever，however的含义和用法。
2．【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我来晚了，交通堵塞。——没关系。你现在来了就好，进来，请坐。A．You are welcome‘不用谢“；B．That's right”那是对的“；C．I have no idea”我不知道“；D．Never mind”没关系，不要紧“。故选D。
【点评】考查情景交际，区分You are welcome，That's right，I have no idea，Never mind的含义和使用环境。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：Maria已经写了两部小说，它们都被制作成了电视剧。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，them不能引导定语从句，that不用于非限制性定语从句和介词之后，what不用于定语从句，排除A、B、D；both of which相当于and both of them，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
4．【答案】D
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我对他的第一印象是他是个友善的考虑周到的年轻人。A. expression”表达“；B. attention”注意“；C. satisfaction ”满意“；D. impression”印象“。选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分expression， attention，satisfaction，impression的含义。
5．【答案】B
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…“是...…还是...…都行”。故选B。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及whether引导的主语从句。
6．【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式短语作结果状语。
7．【答案】A
【知识点】引导时间状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as“当…..的时候”。选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及as引导的条件状语从句。
8．【答案】C
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。故选C。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
9．【答案】B
【知识点】不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为：一杯饮料；第二空中的a comfort意为：一件令人安慰的事。故选B。
【点评】考查冠词解析，本题考查不定冠词的应用。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。故选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件中的应用，本题涉及对过去事实的假设。
11．【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。——我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can't stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的I'm sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。故选C。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分I don't care，It's hard to say，So am I，I hope not的含义和使用环境。
12．【答案】B
【知识点】引导地点状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：大量的建筑物在一年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方出现了。此题考查地点状语从句，用where。其他连词带入句子意义表达不对。故选B。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
13．【答案】A
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。A.reasonable”有道理的“；B.confident”信心“；C.creative”有创造力的”；D.grateful“感激的”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分reasonable,confident,creative,grateful的含义。
14．【答案】D
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里were leaving表示：过去要离开。故选D。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及过去进行时的应用。
15．【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：在填完这份表格并签了字之后，请用我们提供的信封把它寄回给我们。从句意可知envelope后是定语，而provide和envelope之间是被动关系，A选项现在分词表示主动；C、D选项不做定语，所以答案为B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作定语的应用。
16．【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）C；（4）A；（5）D；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）D；（13）B；（14）C；（15）C；（16）A；（17）B；（18）D；（19）C；（20）B
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，当我们谈到“无家可归”时，我们就想到了发展中国家，但是，就像德国这么发达的国家，在大街上也随处看到无家可归的人。一对有爱心的德国夫妇舍弃了外出度假的时光，为那些无家可归的人做饭，提供住宿。后来，花完了自己的积蓄，他们还向公司求助，让更多的人们关注那些无家可归的人。让这个世界多一份关爱，少一份痛苦。
（1）考查名词。A. result”结果“; B. truth”事实，真理“; C. reason”理由“；D. idea”主意“。每当我们听到无家可归这个词，我们大多数人就会想到发展中国家。但事实是无家可归的到处都有。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。A. traditional”传统的“；B. developing”发展中的“；C. typical”典型的“；D. wealthy”富裕的“。我们有多少人会希望看到一个像德国这么富有的国家也有人住在大街上。故选D。
（3）考查名词。A. preparations”筹备“；B. houses”房子“；C. meals”餐，饭“；D. suggestions”建议“。根据下文”Kurt Muller and his wife stayed at home， made sandwiches“可知，他们为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。故选C。
（4）考查动词。A. began”开始“；B. met”遇到“；C. called”打电话，叫“；D. left”离开“。他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始的。故选A。
（5）考查形容词。A. asleep”睡着的“；B. alone”单独的“；C. across”穿过“；D. away”离开，远去“。他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始，而此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。故选D。
（6）考查动词。A. brought up”提出，抚养“；B. set up”搭建，安装，布置，临时搭起“；C. put aside”放一边，储存“；D. gave away”无偿赠送，暴露“。Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他们在街上布置好桌子，给无家可归者提供食物。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。A. enough”足够的“；B. necessary”有必要的“；C. helpful”帮助的“；D. expensive”贵的“。根据下文中的”what people also need…“人们还需要的是，可知，此处应该表达的是“穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够”。故选A。
（8）考查名词。A. fame”名望，名声“；B. freedom”自由“；C. courage”勇气“；D. caring”关心，关怀“。他们还需要温暖和关怀。故选D。
（9）考查动词。A. hesitate”犹豫“；B. agree”同意“；C. pretend”假装“；D. intend”打算，想要“。穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上的人，并告诉他们随时给他打电话。故选A。
（10）考查动词短语。A. made sense”有道理“；B. found out”发现，查明“；C. made sure”确保“；D. worked out”算出；制定“。前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给街上的人，因此此处应是：Rita确保家里有人随时接电话。故选C。
（11）考查形容词。A. open”开放的“；B. crowded”拥挤的“；C. noisy”嘈杂的，吵闹的“；D. near”附近的“。她家对那些不能在街上再呆一夜的人是敞开着的。be open to“对某人是敞开的；对……开放”。故选A。
（12）考查动词。穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了。此处用动词过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。waste的"浪费"；cost“花费”，但主语不能是sb，常用句式是：（某物）花费（某人）钱数；take也可表示“花费”，但其主语一般是sth.或形式主语it，常用句式是：It takes sb sometime to do sth。;spend"花费"，主语是人，常用句式是：Sb spends sometime /money on sth/(in)doing sth.。故选D。
（13）考查动词 。A. pay for"付出"；B. ask for"要求"；C. look into"调查"D. carry out"执行"。因为穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了，所以Kurt去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠。故选B。
（14）考查副词。A. completely"完全地，完整地"；B. calmly"镇定地，平静地"；C. regularly"经常性地，定期"；D. roughly"大约，粗暴地"。现在，三十多家公司定期地为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品。故选C。
（15）考查动词。A. advertise"做广告"；B. sell"卖出"；C. deliver"发送、发表"；D. lend"借给"。志愿者们帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品物品。故选C。
（16）考查动词。A. donates"捐赠"；B. produces"生产"；C. designs"设计"；D. collects"收集"。公众也给衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商还捐赠新鞋。故选A。
（17）考查名词。A. permission"许可"；B. payment"报酬，付款"；C. direction"方向";D. support"支持"。穆勒夫妇没有因为他们的艰难工作而得到报酬。故选B。
（18）考查动词。A. borrow”借“；B. raise”提高“；C. save”保存“；D. expect”期望“。我们感觉就像父母一样，父母是不应该因为帮助自己的孩子而期望得到钱的。其他动词都不符合句意。故选D。
（19）考查形容词。A. surprised”惊讶“；B. excited”兴奋“；C. tired”累的“；D. amused”逗乐“。尽管Rita承认常常会感到累，但她说她会继续这工作，故选C。
（20）考查名词。A. profit”利润“；B. difference”差异“；C. decision”决定“；D. rule”规则“。make a profit“盈利”；make directions“作出说明”；make rules“制定规则”。 短语make a difference“有影响，有关系”。句意：她会继续工作下去，因为她喜欢能够在世界上发挥一定作用的感觉。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词、形容词、动词、副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。
（1）考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可知，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛attractive；根据第二段中的“ For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. ”以及第三段中的“ However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.”可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem－their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. ”可知，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选A。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）D
（6）C
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了牛津英语词典的编撰者之一的Dr. Minor的不一般的人生，他博学，但被关在精神病院。他对牛津英语词典贡献很大，并与Prof Murray因为共同的爱好成为好朋友。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language”可知答案选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray”可知答案选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“…he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum”可知，Minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。可知答案选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Murray and Minor became good friends, sharing their love of words”可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。可知答案选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段可以推断，Minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted, scholarship, unusual等描述他最贴切。故选D。
（6）考查主旨大意。本文讲述Mr. Minor的特别之处和他对Oxford Dictionary的贡献，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名胜Nutty Narrow Bridge的由来。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars”可知，修建Nutty Narrow Bridge的目的是保护松鼠安全地过马路。选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“…and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety…cooked up the squirrel bridge idea”可知，在某一天喝咖啡时间的讨论中，Peters和其他人萌生了给松鼠建座桥的想法。选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据前面的guiding their young，可以推断此处应该是松鼠教它们的孩子如何使用绳索，而不是给它们递绳子，也不是给它们一个教训。选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced.”可知，绳索用了20年后，Peters进行了修缮，并替换上了新的绳索。所以C正确。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.”可以推断，Peters因为爱动物，倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住。所以A正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
20．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以用智能手机控制的洗衣机。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“… my wife already does that” was a common response…”可以推断，大多人对于这种新型洗衣机不大感兴趣，因为大多都是妻子洗衣服。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…when your laundry is done via a smartphone app.”可知，这种洗衣机是由智能手机操控的，因此选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段Samsung的发言人的举的例子可以推断，这种生活能让我们的生活更简单。所以选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“…is what all good technologies do—enable laziness”可知，这种新型洗衣机和其他科技一样，也能让我们变懒，这是一个弊端。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
21．【答案】（1）To create a place for teenagers to meet and talk.
（2）Power's website became a success.
（3）He wrote a book.
（4）Happy, crazy and stressed.
（5）others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ashley Power建立网站的经过。
（1）考查写作意图。根据第一段，Asley Power经常上网，但是没有供青少年说话的网站，因此他想创办一个专门为青少年提供交朋友的网站。因此答案为：To create a place for teenagers to meet and talk.
（2）考查主旨大意。本段的核心词是his website和successful，由此总结出其大意。因此答案为：Power's website became a success.
（3）考查细节理解。第三段提到他的网站关闭后，有人请他写了一本书，后面就是对这本书的介绍。因此答案为：He wrote a book.
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段Power的自述中可知答案为：Happy, crazy and stressed.
（5）考查细节理解。根据后句中的because I heard “no” a lot可以推断，此处表达的应该是“不要听别人说”。因此答案为：others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you.
【点评】本题考点涉及写作意图、主旨大意以及细节理解三个题型的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理、概括和归纳，并按照题目要求，写出正确的答案。
22．【答案】As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject. In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefit me a lot.
In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. Besides, sometimes, some foreigners are glad to join us. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot. I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on doing it these years and it is helpful to my English. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only by practice will we make more progress. Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement. Through these websites, I can read some classic English passages, poems and stories. What's more, I can learn some learning skills and methodologies, which play an important part in my study process.
All in all, every road leads to Roma, but I believe hard work pays off.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类写作。涉及语言学习类话题，此话题是学生最熟悉的话题之一，语言学习是学生每天必不可缺少的事情，因此，本话题贴近学生生活，让学生有话可写。符合高考是命题思想。考生成文时应注意：1.采用三段成文的结构；2.内容要点：A参加英语角的益处；B坚持写英语日记的作用；C英文阅读网站（EnjoyReading）对你的帮助。3.时态：一般现在时；4. 人称：第一人称；4. 适当使用连词使文章流畅、通顺；5. 注意使用一些高级词汇和句型为文章增光添彩。
【点评】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多并列结构和高级表达方式，如定语从句In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefit me a lot.和 I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me.；方式状语从句的使用As a saying goes, practice makes perfect.；倒装句的使用：Only by practice will we make more progress. 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
1 / 12012年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2012·山东）When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________.
A．whoever B．wherever C．whatever D．however
【答案】A
【知识点】代词
【解析】【分析】句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。此处whoever是代词，”任何人，无论谁“，它作to的宾语。故选A。
【点评】考查代词辨析，区分whoever，wherever，whatever，however的含义和用法。
2．（2012·山东）—Sorry I'm late.I got stuck in traffic.
—______.You're here e in and sit down.
A．You are welcome B．That's right
C．I have no idea D．Never mind
【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我来晚了，交通堵塞。——没关系。你现在来了就好，进来，请坐。A．You are welcome‘不用谢“；B．That's right”那是对的“；C．I have no idea”我不知道“；D．Never mind”没关系，不要紧“。故选D。
【点评】考查情景交际，区分You are welcome，That's right，I have no idea，Never mind的含义和使用环境。
3．（2012·山东）Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A．them B．that C．which D．what
【答案】C
【知识点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：Maria已经写了两部小说，它们都被制作成了电视剧。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，them不能引导定语从句，that不用于非限制性定语从句和介词之后，what不用于定语从句，排除A、B、D；both of which相当于and both of them，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。
4．（2012·山东）My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A．expression B．attention C．satisfaction D．impression
【答案】D
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：我对他的第一印象是他是个友善的考虑周到的年轻人。A. expression”表达“；B. attention”注意“；C. satisfaction ”满意“；D. impression”印象“。选D。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分expression， attention，satisfaction，impression的含义。
5．（2012·山东）It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A．how B．whether C．what D．why
【答案】B
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…“是...…还是...…都行”。故选B。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及whether引导的主语从句。
6．（2012·山东）George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A．to be told B．telling C．being told D．told
【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式短语作结果状语。
7．（2012·山东）He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A．as B．if C．unless D．though
【答案】A
【知识点】引导时间状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as“当…..的时候”。选A。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及as引导的条件状语从句。
8．（2012·山东）After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A．had started B．has started C．started D．starts
【答案】C
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。故选C。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
9．（2012·山东）Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
A．the; the B．a; a C．a; 不填 D．不填；a
【答案】B
【知识点】不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：在那些艰难的岁月里，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为：一杯饮料；第二空中的a comfort意为：一件令人安慰的事。故选B。
【点评】考查冠词解析，本题考查不定冠词的应用。
10．（2012·山东）If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make C．didn't make D．hadn't made
【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。故选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件中的应用，本题涉及对过去事实的假设。
11．（2012·山东）— I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can't stand all this rain.
A．I don't care B．It's hard to say
C．So am I D．I hope not
【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。——我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I can't stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的I'm sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。故选C。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分I don't care，It's hard to say，So am I，I hope not的含义和使用环境。
12．（2012·山东）A number of high buildings have arisen ________there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A．when B．where C．before D．until
【答案】B
【知识点】引导地点状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：大量的建筑物在一年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方出现了。此题考查地点状语从句，用where。其他连词带入句子意义表达不对。故选B。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
13．（2012·山东）Be _______ — you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
A．reasonable B．confident C．creative D．grateful
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。A.reasonable”有道理的“；B.confident”信心“；C.creative”有创造力的”；D.grateful“感激的”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分reasonable,confident,creative,grateful的含义。
14．（2012·山东）The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A．will leave B．are leaving C．have left D．were leaving
【答案】D
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里were leaving表示：过去要离开。故选D。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及过去进行时的应用。
15．（2012·山东）After completing and singing it. Please return the form to us in the envelope _____.
A．providing B．provided
C．having provided D．provide
【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：在填完这份表格并签了字之后，请用我们提供的信封把它寄回给我们。从句意可知envelope后是定语，而provide和envelope之间是被动关系，A选项现在分词表示主动；C、D选项不做定语，所以答案为B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作定语的应用。
二、完形填空
16．（2012·山东）完形填空
Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the （1） is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a （2） country like Germany
Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making （3） for the homeless of Berlin, Germany's capital. They first （4） one long hot summer when most Germans were （5） on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, （6） .
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren't （7） . “What these people also need is warmth and （8） ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn't （9） to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita （10） there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always （11） to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.
The couple were soon （12） all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to （13） donations. Today, over thirty companies （14） donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to （15） them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer （16） new shoes.
Kurt and Rita receive no （17） for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn't （18） money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets （19） She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a （20） .
（1）A．result B．truth C．reason D．idea
（2）A．traditional B．developing C．typical D．wealthy
（3）A．preparations B．houses C．meals D．suggestions
（4）A．began B．met C．called D．left
（5）A．asleep B．alone C．across D．away
（6）A．brought up B．set up C．put aside D．gave away
（7）A．enough B．necessary C．helpful D．expensive
（8）A．fame B．freedom C．courage D．caring
（9）A．hesitate B．agree C．pretend D．intend
（10）A．make sense B．found out C．make sure D．worked out
（11）A．open B．crowded C．noisy D．near
（12）A．costing B．wasting C．taking D．spending
（13）A．pay for B．ask for C．look into D．carry out
（14）A．completely B．calmly C．regularly D．roughly
（15）A．advertise B．sell C．deliver D．lend
（16）A．donates B．produces C．designs D．collects
（17）A．permission B．payment C．direction D．support
（18）A．borrow B．raise C．save D．expect
（19）A．surprised B．excited C．tired D．amused
（20）A．profit B．difference C．decision D．rule
【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）C；（4）A；（5）D；（6）B；（7）A；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）D；（13）B；（14）C；（15）C；（16）A；（17）B；（18）D；（19）C；（20）B
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，当我们谈到“无家可归”时，我们就想到了发展中国家，但是，就像德国这么发达的国家，在大街上也随处看到无家可归的人。一对有爱心的德国夫妇舍弃了外出度假的时光，为那些无家可归的人做饭，提供住宿。后来，花完了自己的积蓄，他们还向公司求助，让更多的人们关注那些无家可归的人。让这个世界多一份关爱，少一份痛苦。
（1）考查名词。A. result”结果“; B. truth”事实，真理“; C. reason”理由“；D. idea”主意“。每当我们听到无家可归这个词，我们大多数人就会想到发展中国家。但事实是无家可归的到处都有。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。A. traditional”传统的“；B. developing”发展中的“；C. typical”典型的“；D. wealthy”富裕的“。我们有多少人会希望看到一个像德国这么富有的国家也有人住在大街上。故选D。
（3）考查名词。A. preparations”筹备“；B. houses”房子“；C. meals”餐，饭“；D. suggestions”建议“。根据下文”Kurt Muller and his wife stayed at home， made sandwiches“可知，他们为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。故选C。
（4）考查动词。A. began”开始“；B. met”遇到“；C. called”打电话，叫“；D. left”离开“。他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始的。故选A。
（5）考查形容词。A. asleep”睡着的“；B. alone”单独的“；C. across”穿过“；D. away”离开，远去“。他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始，而此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。故选D。
（6）考查动词。A. brought up”提出，抚养“；B. set up”搭建，安装，布置，临时搭起“；C. put aside”放一边，储存“；D. gave away”无偿赠送，暴露“。Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他们在街上布置好桌子，给无家可归者提供食物。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。A. enough”足够的“；B. necessary”有必要的“；C. helpful”帮助的“；D. expensive”贵的“。根据下文中的”what people also need…“人们还需要的是，可知，此处应该表达的是“穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够”。故选A。
（8）考查名词。A. fame”名望，名声“；B. freedom”自由“；C. courage”勇气“；D. caring”关心，关怀“。他们还需要温暖和关怀。故选D。
（9）考查动词。A. hesitate”犹豫“；B. agree”同意“；C. pretend”假装“；D. intend”打算，想要“。穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上的人，并告诉他们随时给他打电话。故选A。
（10）考查动词短语。A. made sense”有道理“；B. found out”发现，查明“；C. made sure”确保“；D. worked out”算出；制定“。前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给街上的人，因此此处应是：Rita确保家里有人随时接电话。故选C。
（11）考查形容词。A. open”开放的“；B. crowded”拥挤的“；C. noisy”嘈杂的，吵闹的“；D. near”附近的“。她家对那些不能在街上再呆一夜的人是敞开着的。be open to“对某人是敞开的；对……开放”。故选A。
（12）考查动词。穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了。此处用动词过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。waste的"浪费"；cost“花费”，但主语不能是sb，常用句式是：（某物）花费（某人）钱数；take也可表示“花费”，但其主语一般是sth.或形式主语it，常用句式是：It takes sb sometime to do sth。;spend"花费"，主语是人，常用句式是：Sb spends sometime /money on sth/(in)doing sth.。故选D。
（13）考查动词 。A. pay for"付出"；B. ask for"要求"；C. look into"调查"D. carry out"执行"。因为穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了，所以Kurt去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠。故选B。
（14）考查副词。A. completely"完全地，完整地"；B. calmly"镇定地，平静地"；C. regularly"经常性地，定期"；D. roughly"大约，粗暴地"。现在，三十多家公司定期地为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品。故选C。
（15）考查动词。A. advertise"做广告"；B. sell"卖出"；C. deliver"发送、发表"；D. lend"借给"。志愿者们帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品物品。故选C。
（16）考查动词。A. donates"捐赠"；B. produces"生产"；C. designs"设计"；D. collects"收集"。公众也给衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商还捐赠新鞋。故选A。
（17）考查名词。A. permission"许可"；B. payment"报酬，付款"；C. direction"方向";D. support"支持"。穆勒夫妇没有因为他们的艰难工作而得到报酬。故选B。
（18）考查动词。A. borrow”借“；B. raise”提高“；C. save”保存“；D. expect”期望“。我们感觉就像父母一样，父母是不应该因为帮助自己的孩子而期望得到钱的。其他动词都不符合句意。故选D。
（19）考查形容词。A. surprised”惊讶“；B. excited”兴奋“；C. tired”累的“；D. amused”逗乐“。尽管Rita承认常常会感到累，但她说她会继续这工作，故选C。
（20）考查名词。A. profit”利润“；B. difference”差异“；C. decision”决定“；D. rule”规则“。make a profit“盈利”；make directions“作出说明”；make rules“制定规则”。 短语make a difference“有影响，有关系”。句意：她会继续工作下去，因为她喜欢能够在世界上发挥一定作用的感觉。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词、形容词、动词、副词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．（2012·山东）阅读理解
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
（1）What might be the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries
C．To show the importance of money
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
（2）What was Nauru like before the Europeans came
A．Rich and powerful B．Modern and open
C．Peaceful and attractive D．Greedy and aggressive
（3）The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A．soil pollution B．phosphate overmining
C．farming activity D．whale hunting
（4）Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem
A．Its leaders misused the money
B．It spent too much repairing the island
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
（5）What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph
A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
D．The phosphate mines were destroyed
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。
（1）考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可知，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛attractive；根据第二段中的“ For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. ”以及第三段中的“ However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.”可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem－their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. ”可知，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选A。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
18．（2012·山东）阅读理解
One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task. So Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American Surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
（1）According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.
A．came out before minor died
B．was edited by an American volunteer
C．included the English words invented by Murray
D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
（2）How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary
A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C．He provided a great number of words and quotations
D．he went to England to work with Murray.
（3）Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford
A．He was shut in an asylum B．He lived far from Oxford
C．He was busy writing a book D．He disliked traveling
（4）Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because __________.
A．they both served in the Civil War.
B．They had a common interest in words
C．Minor recovered with the help of Murray
D．Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
（5）Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor
A．Brave and determined B．Cautious and friendly
C．Considerate and optimistic D．Unusual and scholarly
（6）What does the text mainly talk about
A．The history of the English language.
B．The friendship between Murray and Minor
C．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary
D．Broadmoor Asylum and is patients
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）D
（6）C
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了牛津英语词典的编撰者之一的Dr. Minor的不一般的人生，他博学，但被关在精神病院。他对牛津英语词典贡献很大，并与Prof Murray因为共同的爱好成为好朋友。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language”可知答案选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray”可知答案选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“…he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum”可知，Minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。可知答案选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Murray and Minor became good friends, sharing their love of words”可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。可知答案选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段可以推断，Minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted, scholarship, unusual等描述他最贴切。故选D。
（6）考查主旨大意。本文讲述Mr. Minor的特别之处和他对Oxford Dictionary的贡献，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．（2012·山东）阅读理解
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction, They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带). It cost 1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
（1）The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________.
A．offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B．set up a local landmark
C．help improve traffic
D．protect squirrels
（2）What happened over the coffee break discussion
A．The committee got the Council's blessing.
B．The squirrel bridge idea was born
C．A councilwoman named the bridge
D．A squirrel was found dead.
（3）What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text
A．passing them a rope
B．Directing them to store food for winter
C．Teaching them a lesson
D．Showing them how to use the bridge.
（4）Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge
A．It was replaced by a longer one. B．It was built from wood and metal.
C．it was rebuilt after years of use. D．It was designed by Bill Hutch.
（5）What can we learn about Amos Peters
A．He is remembered for his love of animals.
B．He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C．He was a member of the City Council.
D．He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了名胜Nutty Narrow Bridge的由来。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars”可知，修建Nutty Narrow Bridge的目的是保护松鼠安全地过马路。选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“…and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety…cooked up the squirrel bridge idea”可知，在某一天喝咖啡时间的讨论中，Peters和其他人萌生了给松鼠建座桥的想法。选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据前面的guiding their young，可以推断此处应该是松鼠教它们的孩子如何使用绳索，而不是给它们递绳子，也不是给它们一个教训。选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced.”可知，绳索用了20年后，Peters进行了修缮，并替换上了新的绳索。所以C正确。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.”可以推断，Peters因为爱动物，倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住。所以A正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
20．（2012·山东）阅读理解
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners are at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it's not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
（1）What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES
A．The machine will be a big success.
B．their wives like doing the laundry.
C．The machine is unrelated to their life.
D．This kind of technology is familiar to them.
（2）What can we learn about the new laundry machines
A．They can tell you when your clothes need washing
B．They can be controlled with a smartphone
C．They are difficult to operate
D．They are sold at a low price
（3）We can conclude form Samsung's statements that ___________.
A．the app connection makes life easier
B．it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C．smartphone can shorten the drying time
D．we should refresh clothes back at home
（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The laundry should be frequently checked
B．Lazy people like using such machines
C．Good technologies also cause problems
D．Television may help do the laundry.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以用智能手机控制的洗衣机。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“… my wife already does that” was a common response…”可以推断，大多人对于这种新型洗衣机不大感兴趣，因为大多都是妻子洗衣服。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…when your laundry is done via a smartphone app.”可知，这种洗衣机是由智能手机操控的，因此选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段Samsung的发言人的举的例子可以推断，这种生活能让我们的生活更简单。所以选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“…is what all good technologies do—enable laziness”可知，这种新型洗衣机和其他科技一样，也能让我们变懒，这是一个弊端。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨大意、细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、阅读表达
21．（2012·山东）任务型阅读
[1] Ashley Power's mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn't find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I'd make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn't even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you'd be stressed, too！“
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don't listen when ___.____, because I heard ‘no' a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes'!”
（1）For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words）
　 　
（3）According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（4）How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company (no more than 5 words)
　 　
（5）Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
　 　
【答案】（1）To create a place for teenagers to meet and talk.
（2）Power's website became a success.
（3）He wrote a book.
（4）Happy, crazy and stressed.
（5）others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ashley Power建立网站的经过。
（1）考查写作意图。根据第一段，Asley Power经常上网，但是没有供青少年说话的网站，因此他想创办一个专门为青少年提供交朋友的网站。因此答案为：To create a place for teenagers to meet and talk.
（2）考查主旨大意。本段的核心词是his website和successful，由此总结出其大意。因此答案为：Power's website became a success.
（3）考查细节理解。第三段提到他的网站关闭后，有人请他写了一本书，后面就是对这本书的介绍。因此答案为：He wrote a book.
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段Power的自述中可知答案为：Happy, crazy and stressed.
（5）考查细节理解。根据后句中的because I heard “no” a lot可以推断，此处表达的应该是“不要听别人说”。因此答案为：others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you.
【点评】本题考点涉及写作意图、主旨大意以及细节理解三个题型的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理、概括和归纳，并按照题目要求，写出正确的答案。
五、书面表达
22．（2012·山东）假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：
1). 参加英语角的益处；
2). 坚持写英语日记的作用；
3). 英文阅读网站（EnjoyReading）对你的帮助。
注意：1). 词数：120-150；
2). 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
【答案】As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject. In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefit me a lot.
In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. Besides, sometimes, some foreigners are glad to join us. By talking with them, my oral English improved a lot. I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on doing it these years and it is helpful to my English. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. Only by practice will we make more progress. Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement. Through these websites, I can read some classic English passages, poems and stories. What's more, I can learn some learning skills and methodologies, which play an important part in my study process.
All in all, every road leads to Roma, but I believe hard work pays off.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类写作。涉及语言学习类话题，此话题是学生最熟悉的话题之一，语言学习是学生每天必不可缺少的事情，因此，本话题贴近学生生活，让学生有话可写。符合高考是命题思想。考生成文时应注意：1.采用三段成文的结构；2.内容要点：A参加英语角的益处；B坚持写英语日记的作用；C英文阅读网站（EnjoyReading）对你的帮助。3.时态：一般现在时；4. 人称：第一人称；4. 适当使用连词使文章流畅、通顺；5. 注意使用一些高级词汇和句型为文章增光添彩。
【点评】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多并列结构和高级表达方式，如定语从句In order to learn it well, apart from English class, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefit me a lot.和 I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me.；方式状语从句的使用As a saying goes, practice makes perfect.；倒装句的使用：Only by practice will we make more progress. 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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