2013年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）

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2013年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2013·山东）I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ____ of them very much.
A．either B．any C．each D．another
【答案】A
【知识点】代词
【解析】【分析】句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。短语not…either=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分either，any，each，another的含义和用法。
2．（2013·山东）It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
A．不填；a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; 不填
【答案】B
【知识点】定冠词；不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮明亮地挂在夜空。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。故答案为B。
【点评】考查冠词，本题涉及不定冠词和定冠词的应用。
3．（2013·山东）—How far can you run without stopping
— ________. I've never tried.
A．Don't mention it B．That's all right
C．I have no idea D．Go ahead
【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——不停你能跑多远？——我不知道，我从未尝试过。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Don't mention it，That's all right，I have no idea，Go ahead的含义和使用环境。
4．（2013·山东）I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A．has been B．was C．had been D．would be
【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部电影，而实际上这是部相当好的电影。根据题干部分didn't可知，时态为一般过去时态；故选B。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
5．（2013·山东）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A．standing B．to stand C．stands D．stood
【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个房间时空的，除了几个暑假站在那里。现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行，选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作定语的应用。
6．（2017高一上·哈尔滨月考）Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A．unless B．until C．although D．since
【答案】D
【知识点】连词；引导原因状语从句的连词；原因状语从句
【解析】【分析】考查连词。句意：马克需要学习汉语因为他的公司要在北京开一个分支。根据题意，前后之间为因果关系，因为要开分公司，所以需要学习汉语。故答案为D。
【点评】考查原因状语从句。理解句意，弄清前后之间的关系即可判断答案。
7．（2013·山东）— Oh no! We're too late. The train _______.
— That's Ok. We'll catch the next train to London.
A．was leaving B．had left
C．has left D．has been leaving
【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：——哦，不！我们太晚了，火车已经开走了。——没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦。可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及现在完成时的应用，其结构：have/has done，表示对现在造成影响。
8．（2013·山东）_________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Whoever D．However
【答案】B
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选B(每当，无论什么时候)。
【点评】考查状语从句，区分Whatever，Whenever，Whoever，However的含义，本题涉及Whenever引导的让步状语从句。
9．（2013·山东）I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken
【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式做目的状语。
10．（2013·山东）It's good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
【答案】D
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：知道在我们离开之后，这些狗被很好的照顾，这很好。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that陈述一件实事，在从句中不作成分。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句的应用。
11．（2013·山东）There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
A．as B．that C．when D．where
【答案】A
【知识点】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
【解析】【分析】句意：没有简单的答案在科学上这是常有的事。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。
12．（2013·山东）— This is a really lively party. There's a great atmosphere, isn't there
— ________ The hosts know how to host a party.
A．Don't worry B．Yes, indeed
C．No, there's isn't D．It all depends
【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——这确实是一个热闹的聚会。气氛很好，对吧？——确实，主持人知道如何主持一个聚会。据此可知回答第一个人时应该肯定，故选B“是的，确实”。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Don't worry， Yes, indeed， No, there's isn't，It all depends的含义和使用环境。
13．（2013·山东）________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat C．Eat D．Eating
【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：以前在那个饭店吃过饭， Tina 不像在在哪吃了。分析句子结构可知，主句主语为Tina，前半句为从句，应该用非谓语动词作状语，故排除C。不定与主要表目的和将来，故排除B。主句主语和eat之间为主动关系，且eat这个动作发生在主句动作之前，故要用现在分词完成时表示。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成式，其结构：having done，表示动作发生在主句动作之前。
14．（2013·山东）The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.
A．from B．by C．at D．for
【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for….“因….而受到称赞”。选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析，区分from，by，at，for的含义和用法，掌握be praised for….短语。
15．（2013·山东）Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A．when B．where C．which D．whom
【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which.
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句。
二、完形填空
16．（2013·山东）完形填空
I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people （1） I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a （2） person.
I think my （3） started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my （4） and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever （5） to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really （6） .It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n) （7） .I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I （8） to help. That was really a big （9） for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of （10） are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new （11） ， however, came when I took a part time job at Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer's disease became my （12） .Every time I came into her room, she was so （13） because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never （14） her, so I took her place. She let me （15） that making others feel good made me feel good too. When she died, I was （16） ， but I was also very grateful to her.
I think I am a much （17） person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not （18） these experiences. They have （19） me to care about other people more than about myself. I （20） who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.
（1）A．since B．before C．or D．unless
（2）A．famous B．simple C．different D．skilled
（3）A．education B．career C．tour D．change
（4）A．balance B．homework C．degree D．interest
（5）A．talked B．wrote C．lied D．reported
（6）A．careful B．lonely C．curious D．guilty
（7）A．argument B．game C．experiment D．defence
（8）A．dared B．offered C．hesitated D．happened
（9）A．dream B．problem C．duty D．step
（10）A．us B．which C．them D．whom
（11）A．attitude B．hobby C．hope D．luck
（12）A．friend B．partner C．guide D．guest
（13）A．polite B．happy C．strange D．confident
（14）A．bothered B．answered C．visited D．trusted
（15）A．explain B．guess C．declare D．see
（16）A．homeless B．heartbroken C．bad-tempered D．hopeless
（17）A．quieter B．busier C．better D．richer
（18）A．forget B．face C．improve D．analyze
（19）A．forced B．preferred C．ordered D．taught
（20）A．miss B．like C．wonder D．expect
【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）B；（9）D；（10）C；（11）A；（12）A；（13）B；（14）C；（15）D；（16）B；（17）C；（18）A；（19）D；（20）B
【知识点】记叙文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从一个自私的人变成现在能为他人着想的人的感受和过程。上大学时一心只想着拿学位而拼搏，结果一个朋友都没有感到很孤单。后来作者在Vista 护理之家，结识了一位改变了她、把她当作女儿的重病缠身的老妇人。老人告诉她：只有别人感到高兴自己才快乐。
（1）考查连词。before"在......之前"；since"自从"；or"或者"；unless"除非"。根据上文，以前曾是一个以自我为中心的人，但过去两年已经开始改变。因此我已经开始为他人考虑了。为他人考虑就应该在考虑自己之前。故选A。
（2）考查形容词。famous"著名的"；simple"简单的"；different"不同的"；skilled"熟练的"。句意：我非常高兴，以为我正变成一个与以前那个以自我为中心的人不一样的人了。故选C。
（3）考查名词。education"教育"；career"事业"；change"改变'；tour“旅游”。句意：我认为我的变化是开始于就读Palomar大学的时候。故选C。
（4）考查名词。balance"平衡"；homewor"k家庭作业"；interest"兴趣"；degree"学位"。句意：起初，我只是想要得到我的学历，所以单独呆着。故选D。
（5）考查动词。talked"谈话"；wrote"写";lied"撒谎"；reported"报道"。句意：我以为我比其他人都聪明，所以我很少跟班上的人说话。故选A。
（6）考查形容词。careful"小心翼翼的"；lonely"孤单的"；curious"好奇的"；guilty"有罪的"。根据下文除了我每个人都交了朋友，都很快乐。因此，我确实很孤独。故选B。
（7）考查名词。argument“论证”；game“游戏”；experiment“实验”；defence “防御”。根据下文我开始询问周围的人怎么样，可知我开始尝试与人交流。此处experiment“实验”，表示我开始尝试一个实验。故选C。
（8）考查动词。offered“提供”；dared“敢于”；hesitated“犹豫”；happened“发生”。offer to help“主动提出帮助”，根据前后文语境，作者询问他人是否有他可以帮忙的麻烦。故选A。
（9）考查名词。dream“梦”；problem“问题”；duty“责任”；step“步子”。句意：对我来说，那确实是一个很大的进步。step“步伐，迈步”。此处意为我有了一次很大的迈步故选D。
（10）考查代词。句意：他们当中的两个现在还是我的好朋友。介词后面用宾格。故选C。
（11）考查名词。attitude“态度”；hobby“爱好”；hope“希望”；luck“幸运”。根据本段的叙述，我在Vista Nursing Home做兼职的时候所遇到的一件事是使我有了彻底转变以前态度的动机。故此处选attitude。故选A。
（12）考查名词。friend“朋友”；partner“伙伴”；guide“向导”；guest“客人”。句意：一个有阿尔茨海默氏病的老人成为了我的朋友。从后文可以看出她们的关系很好。故选A。
（13）考查形容词。polite“有礼貌的”；happy“高兴的”；strange“奇怪的”；confident“自信的”。句意：因为老人认为我是她女儿，所以每次我去她房间的时候，她很高兴。故选B。
（14）考查动词。bothered"烦扰"；answered"应答"；visited"拜访"；trusted"信任"。句意：她的女儿从来都没来看望她，因此我就取代了她女儿的位置。故选C。
（15）考查动词。explain“解释”；guess“猜”；declare“宣布”；see“明白”。句意：她让我明白，让他人心情愉快同时也会让自己心情很好。此处see的意思为明白的意思，而不是作看见讲。故选D。
（16）考查形容词。homeless“无家可归的”；hopeless“没有希望的”；bad-tempered“易怒的”；heartbroken“伤心的”。句意：当她去世的时候，我很伤心。经常相处的老人去世了，我应该很伤心。故选D。
（17）考查形容词。quieter“更安静的”；busier“更忙的”；better“更好的”；richer“更富有的”。句意：比起以前，我觉得我现在是一个更好的人。故选C。
（18）考查动词。forget“忘记”；face“面对”；improve“改善”；analyze“分析”。句意：因为这些经历对我来说意义非凡，所以我希望不会忘记。故选A。
（19）考查动词。forced“强迫”；preferred “宁愿”；ordered“命令”；taught“教”。句意：这些经历教会我更多地关注他人而不是自己。此处比较而言，只有taught更符合题意。故选D。
（20）考查动词。miss“想念”；like“喜欢”；wonder“惊奇”；expect“期望”。句意：我是喜欢现在的我，而在几年前我却不能这么说。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及连词、形容词、名词、动词、代词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．（2013·山东）阅读理解
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre(轮胎） of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed ” Jimmy's heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview ” he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
（1）Why did Jimmy apply for a new job
A．He was out of work B．He was bored with his job
C．He wanted a higher position D．He hoped to find a better boss
（2）What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview
A．A friend's car had a flat tyre B．a wild man was pushing a car
C．a terrible accident happened D．an old man's car broke down
（3）Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A．He was also to be interviewed B．He needed a traveling companion
C．He always helped people in need D．He was thankful to Jimmy
（4）How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question
A．He was sorry for the other applicants
B．There was no hope for him to get the job
C．He regretted helping the old man
D．The interviewer was very rude
（5）What can we learn from Jimmy's experience？
A．Where there is a will, there's a way
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed
C．Good is rewarded with good.
D．Two heads are better than one
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个名叫吉米的人帮助别人而不要报酬，最后找到了一份工作的事。吉米失业了，要去找工作。他在去面试的路上等公交车时，看见一个老人的车胎坏了，就帮助老人修好了，并没有要报酬。在面试的办公室面试他的老板竟然是他帮助修车的那个老人。老板欣赏他的乐于助人的品质而雇佣了他。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”可知，吉米失业了，因此要去找工作。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，吉米在去面试的路上等公交车时，看见一个老人的车胎坏了。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Then the old man said, ‘Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do.'”可知，老人载吉米去面试是因为老人想对他的帮助表示感谢。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”Jimmy's heart sank. ‘With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview ' he thought to himself. “可知，吉米觉得自己面试可能过不了，因此失去了希望。故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据文中吉米帮助别人而不要报酬，最后找到了一份工作的事例证明好人有好报。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和细节理解两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．（2013·山东）阅读理解
George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.
Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country.
In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.
In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works.
George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.
（1）Many of Gershwin's musical works were ________ .
A．written about New Yorkers B．Composed for Paul Whiteman
C．played mainly in the countryside D．performed in various ways
（2）What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman
A．It attracted more people to theatres
B．It proved jazz could be serious music
C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra
D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians
（3）What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris
A．He created one of his best works B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger
C．He argued with French critics D．He changed his music style
（4）What do we learn from the last paragraph
A．Many of Gershwin's works were lost
B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported
C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin
D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death.
（5）Which of the following best describes Gershwin
A．Talented and productive B．Serious and boring
C．popular and unhappy D．Friendly and honest
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了 作曲家George Gershwin及其作品。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country”可知，其作品以不同的方式来演绎。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular”可知此次音乐会是证明了爵士也可以是严肃音乐。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段可知，他在巴黎写了An American in Paris及后文“it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works”可知答案选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages”可知，全世界的报刊都在头版报道了他去世的消息。故答案为B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.” 可知他极具天赋；再根据“During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs”可知他是多产的作曲家。通读全文，我们也不难得出结论。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和细节理解两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．（2013·山东）阅读理解
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain- sensing umbrella.
The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp.” he said.
The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
（1）For what purpose did Belyaev create the lampbrella
A．To predict a heavy rain
B．To check the weather forecast
C．To protect people from the rain
D．To remind people to take an umbrella
（2）What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph2
A．His creation was inspired by an experience
B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg
C．Street lamps are protected by canopies
D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain
（3）Which of the following shows how the lampbrella works
A．motor → canopy → sensors B．sensors → motor → canopy
C．motor → sensors → canopy D．canopy → motor → sensors
（4）What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella
A．Its moving speed B．Its appearance
C．Its installation D．Its safety
（5）What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product
B．The lampbrella could be put into immediate production
C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical
D．The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种的新发明。这种发明可以让你即使在下雨天没带雨衣或者雨伞的时候也不必害怕被淋湿。这是一种安装在路边电线杆上类似雨伞的装置，由传感器、电机和伞蓬三部分构成。发明人坚信这种装置可以给人们带来很大方便。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”That's why he created lampbrella”及之前的叙述可知，设计lampbrella的目的是让忘记带伞的人不遭雨淋。故答案选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia”后文Belvacv所言是更为具体的描述，即本段中Belvacv的话语是点出了他设计lampbrella的灵感来源。故答案选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.”可知，先是发动机的运转，然后发动机打开伞，最后是传感器的运转。故选B。
（4）考查段落大意。根据第五段中的“…so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”“… to protect from possible lighting strike”“ Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面的作了充分考虑。故选D。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter”可知Belyacv对他设计的lampbrella的实用性充满自信。故答案选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断、细节理解和段落大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．（2013·山东）阅读理解
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额) .
These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
（1）Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO
A．The number of its customers was declining
B．Its customers found the food unhealthy
C．It was in need of financial support
D．Most of its restaurants were closed
（2）What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants
B．Sparrow restaurants
C．Customers of other fast-food chains
D．other fast-food chains
（3）For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign
A．To build a good relationship with the public
B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow
C．To lean about customers' spending power.
D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.
（4）The TV ads of Sparrow ________ .
A．changed people's views on pop stars
B．amused the public with original songs
C．focused on the superiority of its products
D．influenced the eating habits of the audience
（5）What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO
A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.
B．He made Sparrow much more competitive
C．He helped Sparrow take over a company
D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
（5）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Sparrow快餐店的CEO Carl Pearson在Sparrow经营不善的情况下，采用了一种新的广告宣传方式，与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系，吸引了潜在的顾客，使它最终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”.．.its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.“可知Sparrow需要财政支持，故选项C为正确答案。
（2）考查词义猜测。画线单词them前面提到Sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选D项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.“可知Pearson发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建立一种良好的关系。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”The TV ads of Sparrow focused on enterainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.“可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的，故选项B为答案。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后两段中的内容，Pearson又作出了其他决定，树立了Sparrow的新形象，他的努力获得了成功，Sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一，可知Pearson的成就是使Sparrow更有竞争力了，故答案为B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断、词义猜测和细节理解三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、任务型阅读
21．（2013·山东）阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题。
[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
[2]But money _________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty's children had very happy lives.
[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest's bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Getty's son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty's son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
[5] Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
　 　
（2）Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)
　 　
（3）Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3.
　 　
（4）What did the kidnappers do to Getty's family (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（5）What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
　 　
【答案】（1）Getty was a self-made millionaire./ Getty became rich through his own efforts.
（2）did not buy happiness for Getty
（3）Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money
（4）They took Getty's grandson and asked for money
（5）Getty made a great contribution to the art world.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述Getty的生平。
（1）考查主旨概括。第一段话主要介绍了他通过自己的努力成为百万富翁。根据“He became a millionaire…”“Getty made his millions alone”“ The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.””。
（2）考查信息补全。需补全的这个句子实质上是段落主题句。阅读本段信息：结婚离婚五次；很少与五个孩子一起；他的那些孩子也没幸福的生活。据此可知，空白处应该归纳本段大意，即：钱没有给Getty买来幸福。
（3）考查同义置换。需要注意短语in spite of的解释，可以将其转换为though或although等表让步的连词；great wealth即rich或wealthy之意；且根据后文的叙述可以推测miser为“舍不得花钱的人；守财奴”等之意。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return”可知答案。
（5）考查主旨概括。本段叙述了他开了博物馆，买了艺术作品；再根据末句“Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art”可知本段主要讲述了Getty将他的财富捐献给了艺术世界。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨概括、信息补全、同义置换以及细节理解等题型的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理分析，概括归纳，从而得出正确答案。
五、书面表达
22．（2013·山东）假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据双下要点给他回封邮件：
1)未及时回信的原因；
2)你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）
注意：1)词数：120-150；
2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Tom,
How is everything going I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of answering your letter in time. You know, I've been preparing for the final exams these days, so I forgot to write back. In your letter, you asked me for my plans on summer vacation. Now, I am writing to tell you some specific details.
Overall, three things will make my summer vacation meaningful. To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends. What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.
I sincerely apologize again for my mistake. By the way, what's your plan to spend your summer vacation I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给美国朋友Tom写一封电子邮件，写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1)未及时回信的原因；2)你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）。写作时考生应在宏观上把握书信体写作的要求，如格式、文体等，写作段落以三段式为宜，首段体现问候、写信背景等，尾段再次致歉、也可询问Tom暑假里的打算，体现书信体的交际性；而中间段具体交待未及时回信的原因、假期的打算；在微观层面上应具体把握写作的内容和语言，做到句子之间有效的连接，长短句结合，是文章行文连贯，顺畅自然。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如动名词短语作主语： doing a part-time job is my dream...；原因状语从句：I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. 定语从句：doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.等等。
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2013年高考英语真题试卷（山东卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2013·山东）I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ____ of them very much.
A．either B．any C．each D．another
2．（2013·山东）It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
A．不填；a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; 不填
3．（2013·山东）—How far can you run without stopping
— ________. I've never tried.
A．Don't mention it B．That's all right
C．I have no idea D．Go ahead
4．（2013·山东）I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A．has been B．was C．had been D．would be
5．（2013·山东）The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A．standing B．to stand C．stands D．stood
6．（2017高一上·哈尔滨月考）Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A．unless B．until C．although D．since
7．（2013·山东）— Oh no! We're too late. The train _______.
— That's Ok. We'll catch the next train to London.
A．was leaving B．had left
C．has left D．has been leaving
8．（2013·山东）_________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Whoever D．However
9．（2013·山东）I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken
10．（2013·山东）It's good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
11．（2013·山东）There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
A．as B．that C．when D．where
12．（2013·山东）— This is a really lively party. There's a great atmosphere, isn't there
— ________ The hosts know how to host a party.
A．Don't worry B．Yes, indeed
C．No, there's isn't D．It all depends
13．（2013·山东）________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat C．Eat D．Eating
14．（2013·山东）The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.
A．from B．by C．at D．for
15．（2013·山东）Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A．when B．where C．which D．whom
二、完形填空
16．（2013·山东）完形填空
I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people （1） I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a （2） person.
I think my （3） started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my （4） and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever （5） to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really （6） .It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n) （7） .I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I （8） to help. That was really a big （9） for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of （10） are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new （11） ， however, came when I took a part time job at Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer's disease became my （12） .Every time I came into her room, she was so （13） because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never （14） her, so I took her place. She let me （15） that making others feel good made me feel good too. When she died, I was （16） ， but I was also very grateful to her.
I think I am a much （17） person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not （18） these experiences. They have （19） me to care about other people more than about myself. I （20） who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.
（1）A．since B．before C．or D．unless
（2）A．famous B．simple C．different D．skilled
（3）A．education B．career C．tour D．change
（4）A．balance B．homework C．degree D．interest
（5）A．talked B．wrote C．lied D．reported
（6）A．careful B．lonely C．curious D．guilty
（7）A．argument B．game C．experiment D．defence
（8）A．dared B．offered C．hesitated D．happened
（9）A．dream B．problem C．duty D．step
（10）A．us B．which C．them D．whom
（11）A．attitude B．hobby C．hope D．luck
（12）A．friend B．partner C．guide D．guest
（13）A．polite B．happy C．strange D．confident
（14）A．bothered B．answered C．visited D．trusted
（15）A．explain B．guess C．declare D．see
（16）A．homeless B．heartbroken C．bad-tempered D．hopeless
（17）A．quieter B．busier C．better D．richer
（18）A．forget B．face C．improve D．analyze
（19）A．forced B．preferred C．ordered D．taught
（20）A．miss B．like C．wonder D．expect
三、阅读理解
17．（2013·山东）阅读理解
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre(轮胎） of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed ” Jimmy's heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview ” he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
（1）Why did Jimmy apply for a new job
A．He was out of work B．He was bored with his job
C．He wanted a higher position D．He hoped to find a better boss
（2）What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview
A．A friend's car had a flat tyre B．a wild man was pushing a car
C．a terrible accident happened D．an old man's car broke down
（3）Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A．He was also to be interviewed B．He needed a traveling companion
C．He always helped people in need D．He was thankful to Jimmy
（4）How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question
A．He was sorry for the other applicants
B．There was no hope for him to get the job
C．He regretted helping the old man
D．The interviewer was very rude
（5）What can we learn from Jimmy's experience？
A．Where there is a will, there's a way
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed
C．Good is rewarded with good.
D．Two heads are better than one
18．（2013·山东）阅读理解
George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.
Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country.
In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.
In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works.
George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.
（1）Many of Gershwin's musical works were ________ .
A．written about New Yorkers B．Composed for Paul Whiteman
C．played mainly in the countryside D．performed in various ways
（2）What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman
A．It attracted more people to theatres
B．It proved jazz could be serious music
C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra
D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians
（3）What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris
A．He created one of his best works B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger
C．He argued with French critics D．He changed his music style
（4）What do we learn from the last paragraph
A．Many of Gershwin's works were lost
B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported
C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin
D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death.
（5）Which of the following best describes Gershwin
A．Talented and productive B．Serious and boring
C．popular and unhappy D．Friendly and honest
19．（2013·山东）阅读理解
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain- sensing umbrella.
The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy (伞蓬) built into a street lamp.” he said.
The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors (传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed (安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
（1）For what purpose did Belyaev create the lampbrella
A．To predict a heavy rain
B．To check the weather forecast
C．To protect people from the rain
D．To remind people to take an umbrella
（2）What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph2
A．His creation was inspired by an experience
B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg
C．Street lamps are protected by canopies
D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain
（3）Which of the following shows how the lampbrella works
A．motor → canopy → sensors B．sensors → motor → canopy
C．motor → sensors → canopy D．canopy → motor → sensors
（4）What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella
A．Its moving speed B．Its appearance
C．Its installation D．Its safety
（5）What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The designer will open a company to promote his product
B．The lampbrella could be put into immediate production
C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical
D．The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow
20．（2013·山东）阅读理解
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额) .
These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
（1）Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO
A．The number of its customers was declining
B．Its customers found the food unhealthy
C．It was in need of financial support
D．Most of its restaurants were closed
（2）What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants
B．Sparrow restaurants
C．Customers of other fast-food chains
D．other fast-food chains
（3）For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign
A．To build a good relationship with the public
B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow
C．To lean about customers' spending power.
D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.
（4）The TV ads of Sparrow ________ .
A．changed people's views on pop stars
B．amused the public with original songs
C．focused on the superiority of its products
D．influenced the eating habits of the audience
（5）What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO
A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.
B．He made Sparrow much more competitive
C．He helped Sparrow take over a company
D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees
四、任务型阅读
21．（2013·山东）阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题。
[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
[2]But money _________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty's children had very happy lives.
[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest's bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Getty's son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty's son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
[5] Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
　 　
（2）Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)
　 　
（3）Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3.
　 　
（4）What did the kidnappers do to Getty's family (no more than 10 words)
　 　
（5）What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
　 　
五、书面表达
22．（2013·山东）假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据双下要点给他回封邮件：
1)未及时回信的原因；
2)你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）
注意：1)词数：120-150；
2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】A
【知识点】代词
【解析】【分析】句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。短语not…either=neither（两者都不），故答案选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分either，any，each，another的含义和用法。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】定冠词；不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮明亮地挂在夜空。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。故答案为B。
【点评】考查冠词，本题涉及不定冠词和定冠词的应用。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——不停你能跑多远？——我不知道，我从未尝试过。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Don't mention it，That's all right，I have no idea，Go ahead的含义和使用环境。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部电影，而实际上这是部相当好的电影。根据题干部分didn't可知，时态为一般过去时态；故选B。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个房间时空的，除了几个暑假站在那里。现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行，选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作定语的应用。
6．【答案】D
【知识点】连词；引导原因状语从句的连词；原因状语从句
【解析】【分析】考查连词。句意：马克需要学习汉语因为他的公司要在北京开一个分支。根据题意，前后之间为因果关系，因为要开分公司，所以需要学习汉语。故答案为D。
【点评】考查原因状语从句。理解句意，弄清前后之间的关系即可判断答案。
7．【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：——哦，不！我们太晚了，火车已经开走了。——没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦。可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及现在完成时的应用，其结构：have/has done，表示对现在造成影响。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选B(每当，无论什么时候)。
【点评】考查状语从句，区分Whatever，Whenever，Whoever，However的含义，本题涉及Whenever引导的让步状语从句。
9．【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式做目的状语。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：知道在我们离开之后，这些狗被很好的照顾，这很好。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that陈述一件实事，在从句中不作成分。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句的应用。
11．【答案】A
【知识点】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
【解析】【分析】句意：没有简单的答案在科学上这是常有的事。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。
12．【答案】B
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——这确实是一个热闹的聚会。气氛很好，对吧？——确实，主持人知道如何主持一个聚会。据此可知回答第一个人时应该肯定，故选B“是的，确实”。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Don't worry， Yes, indeed， No, there's isn't，It all depends的含义和使用环境。
13．【答案】A
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：以前在那个饭店吃过饭， Tina 不像在在哪吃了。分析句子结构可知，主句主语为Tina，前半句为从句，应该用非谓语动词作状语，故排除C。不定与主要表目的和将来，故排除B。主句主语和eat之间为主动关系，且eat这个动作发生在主句动作之前，故要用现在分词完成时表示。故选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成式，其结构：having done，表示动作发生在主句动作之前。
14．【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for….“因….而受到称赞”。选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析，区分from，by，at，for的含义和用法，掌握be praised for….短语。
15．【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which.
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句。
16．【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）B；（9）D；（10）C；（11）A；（12）A；（13）B；（14）C；（15）D；（16）B；（17）C；（18）A；（19）D；（20）B
【知识点】记叙文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从一个自私的人变成现在能为他人着想的人的感受和过程。上大学时一心只想着拿学位而拼搏，结果一个朋友都没有感到很孤单。后来作者在Vista 护理之家，结识了一位改变了她、把她当作女儿的重病缠身的老妇人。老人告诉她：只有别人感到高兴自己才快乐。
（1）考查连词。before"在......之前"；since"自从"；or"或者"；unless"除非"。根据上文，以前曾是一个以自我为中心的人，但过去两年已经开始改变。因此我已经开始为他人考虑了。为他人考虑就应该在考虑自己之前。故选A。
（2）考查形容词。famous"著名的"；simple"简单的"；different"不同的"；skilled"熟练的"。句意：我非常高兴，以为我正变成一个与以前那个以自我为中心的人不一样的人了。故选C。
（3）考查名词。education"教育"；career"事业"；change"改变'；tour“旅游”。句意：我认为我的变化是开始于就读Palomar大学的时候。故选C。
（4）考查名词。balance"平衡"；homewor"k家庭作业"；interest"兴趣"；degree"学位"。句意：起初，我只是想要得到我的学历，所以单独呆着。故选D。
（5）考查动词。talked"谈话"；wrote"写";lied"撒谎"；reported"报道"。句意：我以为我比其他人都聪明，所以我很少跟班上的人说话。故选A。
（6）考查形容词。careful"小心翼翼的"；lonely"孤单的"；curious"好奇的"；guilty"有罪的"。根据下文除了我每个人都交了朋友，都很快乐。因此，我确实很孤独。故选B。
（7）考查名词。argument“论证”；game“游戏”；experiment“实验”；defence “防御”。根据下文我开始询问周围的人怎么样，可知我开始尝试与人交流。此处experiment“实验”，表示我开始尝试一个实验。故选C。
（8）考查动词。offered“提供”；dared“敢于”；hesitated“犹豫”；happened“发生”。offer to help“主动提出帮助”，根据前后文语境，作者询问他人是否有他可以帮忙的麻烦。故选A。
（9）考查名词。dream“梦”；problem“问题”；duty“责任”；step“步子”。句意：对我来说，那确实是一个很大的进步。step“步伐，迈步”。此处意为我有了一次很大的迈步故选D。
（10）考查代词。句意：他们当中的两个现在还是我的好朋友。介词后面用宾格。故选C。
（11）考查名词。attitude“态度”；hobby“爱好”；hope“希望”；luck“幸运”。根据本段的叙述，我在Vista Nursing Home做兼职的时候所遇到的一件事是使我有了彻底转变以前态度的动机。故此处选attitude。故选A。
（12）考查名词。friend“朋友”；partner“伙伴”；guide“向导”；guest“客人”。句意：一个有阿尔茨海默氏病的老人成为了我的朋友。从后文可以看出她们的关系很好。故选A。
（13）考查形容词。polite“有礼貌的”；happy“高兴的”；strange“奇怪的”；confident“自信的”。句意：因为老人认为我是她女儿，所以每次我去她房间的时候，她很高兴。故选B。
（14）考查动词。bothered"烦扰"；answered"应答"；visited"拜访"；trusted"信任"。句意：她的女儿从来都没来看望她，因此我就取代了她女儿的位置。故选C。
（15）考查动词。explain“解释”；guess“猜”；declare“宣布”；see“明白”。句意：她让我明白，让他人心情愉快同时也会让自己心情很好。此处see的意思为明白的意思，而不是作看见讲。故选D。
（16）考查形容词。homeless“无家可归的”；hopeless“没有希望的”；bad-tempered“易怒的”；heartbroken“伤心的”。句意：当她去世的时候，我很伤心。经常相处的老人去世了，我应该很伤心。故选D。
（17）考查形容词。quieter“更安静的”；busier“更忙的”；better“更好的”；richer“更富有的”。句意：比起以前，我觉得我现在是一个更好的人。故选C。
（18）考查动词。forget“忘记”；face“面对”；improve“改善”；analyze“分析”。句意：因为这些经历对我来说意义非凡，所以我希望不会忘记。故选A。
（19）考查动词。forced“强迫”；preferred “宁愿”；ordered“命令”；taught“教”。句意：这些经历教会我更多地关注他人而不是自己。此处比较而言，只有taught更符合题意。故选D。
（20）考查动词。miss“想念”；like“喜欢”；wonder“惊奇”；expect“期望”。句意：我是喜欢现在的我，而在几年前我却不能这么说。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及连词、形容词、名词、动词、代词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个名叫吉米的人帮助别人而不要报酬，最后找到了一份工作的事。吉米失业了，要去找工作。他在去面试的路上等公交车时，看见一个老人的车胎坏了，就帮助老人修好了，并没有要报酬。在面试的办公室面试他的老板竟然是他帮助修车的那个老人。老板欣赏他的乐于助人的品质而雇佣了他。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”可知，吉米失业了，因此要去找工作。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，吉米在去面试的路上等公交车时，看见一个老人的车胎坏了。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Then the old man said, ‘Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least I could do.'”可知，老人载吉米去面试是因为老人想对他的帮助表示感谢。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”Jimmy's heart sank. ‘With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview ' he thought to himself. “可知，吉米觉得自己面试可能过不了，因此失去了希望。故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据文中吉米帮助别人而不要报酬，最后找到了一份工作的事例证明好人有好报。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和细节理解两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
（5）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了 作曲家George Gershwin及其作品。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country”可知，其作品以不同的方式来演绎。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular”可知此次音乐会是证明了爵士也可以是严肃音乐。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段可知，他在巴黎写了An American in Paris及后文“it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works”可知答案选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages”可知，全世界的报刊都在头版报道了他去世的消息。故答案为B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“George Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.” 可知他极具天赋；再根据“During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs”可知他是多产的作曲家。通读全文，我们也不难得出结论。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和细节理解两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种的新发明。这种发明可以让你即使在下雨天没带雨衣或者雨伞的时候也不必害怕被淋湿。这是一种安装在路边电线杆上类似雨伞的装置，由传感器、电机和伞蓬三部分构成。发明人坚信这种装置可以给人们带来很大方便。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”That's why he created lampbrella”及之前的叙述可知，设计lampbrella的目的是让忘记带伞的人不遭雨淋。故答案选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia”后文Belvacv所言是更为具体的描述，即本段中Belvacv的话语是点出了他设计lampbrella的灵感来源。故答案选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.”可知，先是发动机的运转，然后发动机打开伞，最后是传感器的运转。故选B。
（4）考查段落大意。根据第五段中的“…so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”“… to protect from possible lighting strike”“ Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可以得知，这是lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面的作了充分考虑。故选D。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter”可知Belyacv对他设计的lampbrella的实用性充满自信。故答案选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断、细节理解和段落大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
（5）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Sparrow快餐店的CEO Carl Pearson在Sparrow经营不善的情况下，采用了一种新的广告宣传方式，与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系，吸引了潜在的顾客，使它最终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”.．.its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.“可知Sparrow需要财政支持，故选项C为正确答案。
（2）考查词义猜测。画线单词them前面提到Sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选D项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.“可知Pearson发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建立一种良好的关系。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”The TV ads of Sparrow focused on enterainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.“可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的，故选项B为答案。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后两段中的内容，Pearson又作出了其他决定，树立了Sparrow的新形象，他的努力获得了成功，Sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一，可知Pearson的成就是使Sparrow更有竞争力了，故答案为B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断、词义猜测和细节理解三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
21．【答案】（1）Getty was a self-made millionaire./ Getty became rich through his own efforts.
（2）did not buy happiness for Getty
（3）Although he was very rich, Getty hated to spend money
（4）They took Getty's grandson and asked for money
（5）Getty made a great contribution to the art world.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述Getty的生平。
（1）考查主旨概括。第一段话主要介绍了他通过自己的努力成为百万富翁。根据“He became a millionaire…”“Getty made his millions alone”“ The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.””。
（2）考查信息补全。需补全的这个句子实质上是段落主题句。阅读本段信息：结婚离婚五次；很少与五个孩子一起；他的那些孩子也没幸福的生活。据此可知，空白处应该归纳本段大意，即：钱没有给Getty买来幸福。
（3）考查同义置换。需要注意短语in spite of的解释，可以将其转换为though或although等表让步的连词；great wealth即rich或wealthy之意；且根据后文的叙述可以推测miser为“舍不得花钱的人；守财奴”等之意。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return”可知答案。
（5）考查主旨概括。本段叙述了他开了博物馆，买了艺术作品；再根据末句“Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art”可知本段主要讲述了Getty将他的财富捐献给了艺术世界。
【点评】本题考点涉及主旨概括、信息补全、同义置换以及细节理解等题型的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理分析，概括归纳，从而得出正确答案。
22．【答案】Dear Tom,
How is everything going I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of answering your letter in time. You know, I've been preparing for the final exams these days, so I forgot to write back. In your letter, you asked me for my plans on summer vacation. Now, I am writing to tell you some specific details.
Overall, three things will make my summer vacation meaningful. To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends. What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.
I sincerely apologize again for my mistake. By the way, what's your plan to spend your summer vacation I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给美国朋友Tom写一封电子邮件，写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1)未及时回信的原因；2)你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）。写作时考生应在宏观上把握书信体写作的要求，如格式、文体等，写作段落以三段式为宜，首段体现问候、写信背景等，尾段再次致歉、也可询问Tom暑假里的打算，体现书信体的交际性；而中间段具体交待未及时回信的原因、假期的打算；在微观层面上应具体把握写作的内容和语言，做到句子之间有效的连接，长短句结合，是文章行文连贯，顺畅自然。
【点评】本文层次分明，结构紧凑，语言连贯。同时使用了多种句式和结构。比如动名词短语作主语： doing a part-time job is my dream...；原因状语从句：I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. 定语从句：doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.等等。
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