2014年高考英语真题试卷（湖南卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2014·湖南）Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．accompanied
2．（2014·湖南）If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A．were B．had been C．should be D．was
3．（2014·湖南）____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A．Understanding B．To be understood
C．Being understood D．Having understood
4．（2014·湖南）As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A．which B．that C．what D．where
5．（2014·湖南）— I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us
A．can't B．mustn't C．shan't D．needn't
6．（2014·湖南）You will never gain success________ you are fully devoted to your work.
A．when B．because C．after D．unless
7．（2014·湖南）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.
A．to stare B．staring C．stared D．having stared
8．（2014·湖南）Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A．try B．have been trying
C．are trying D．will try
9．（2014·湖南）Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.
A．will you keep B．you will keep C．you kept D．did you keep
10．（2014·湖南）______ what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life
for it
A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made
11．（2014·湖南）I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A．as B．why C．when D．where
12．（2014·湖南）All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A．are B．was C．is D．were
13．（2014·湖南）It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
14．（2014·湖南）Whenever you a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy
15．（2014·湖南） ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
A．Having freed B．Freed C．To free D．Freeing
二、完形填空
16．（2014·湖南）完形填空
The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (烫衣板)and said, “Pay attention: I'm going to teach you to iron.”
Mom clearly explained her （1） for this lesson. I was going to be （2） and needed to learn this vital skill. Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good （3） .
“Learn to iron a shirt,” Mom said, “and you can iron anything.”
But ironing shirts was not （4） work. It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball，and it wasn't a （5） operation like ice-skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop sign every 10 feet, Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of （6） .If you touched the wrong part of it, you'd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you （7） ,you might bum down the house.
As for technique, Mom （8） me to begin with the flat spaces outward, always pushing the iron forward into wrinkled (有褶皱的）parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your face, where everyone would （9） them.
Over the years, I've learned to iron shirts skillfully, which gives me a sense of （10） Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. （11） ,through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. “ （12） wrinkles one at a time,” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”
（1）A．reasons B．rules C．emotions D．methods
（2）A．helpful B．confident C．powerful D．independent
（3）A．conclusion B．suggestion C．impression D．observation
（4）A．useful B．easy C．special D．suitable
（5）A．direct B．single C．smooth D．strange
（6）A．doubt B．pressure C．surprise D．danger
（7）A．went away B．fell down C．jumped off D．looked up
（8）A．taught B．chose C．forced D．sent
（9）A．touch B．design C．see D．admire
（10）A．honesty B．freedom C．justice D．pride
（11）A．Instead B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However
（12）A．Make up B．Deal with C．Ask for D．Rely on
三、阅读理解
17．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
Want to improve your writing skills New Writing South is directing the way!
Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17
Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014.
The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.
Application & Selection
If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title‘LUNCH,'with your name, age, address and e-mail address to: debo@.
Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September，4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people.
You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what's to come.
Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014
For further information go to: /towner or towner.org.uk or
Any questions 一 feel free to send your e-mail to Towner Writer Squad Associate: whame@towner.gov.uk
﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡
Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13
Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.
Start time: 6 September, 2014
Meet every other Saturday，2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre.
Study and write at your own pace 一 you do not have to rush 一 as you have a year to go through the project. Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!
No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can't you
Fee: 179
For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk
（1）Towner Writer Squad will be started _______.
A．to train comedy and TV writers
B．to explore the fantastic gallery space
C．to introduce a contemporary art museum
D．to promote the development of young writers
（2）To join the Writer Squad，each applicant should first _______.
A．provide a piece of their writing B．meet the Writer Squad Leader
C．offer their family information D．complete an application form
（3）Applications for the Writer Squad should be e-mailed no later than _______.
A．6 September, 2014 B．8 September, 2014
C．17 September, 2014 D．12 October, 2014
（4）What is most important for the beginners
A．Practising as much as possible.
B．Gaining confidence and having fun.
C．Studying and writing at their own pace.
D．Learning skills from writers and teachers.
（5）More information about Beginner Writing Project can be found at _______.
A．/towner B．
C．newtowner.org.uk D．towner.org.uk
18．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that ________________________ One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment
In Mrs. Totten's eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.
Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class，I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn't function.
When Mrs. Totten reached my desk，she asked what answer I'd got for problem No. 14. “I…I didn't get anything,” I answered，and my face felt warm.
“Correct,” she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third，I would never make it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.
（1）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate
A．It is wise to value one's time.
B．It is important to make an effort
C．It is right to stick to one's belief.
D．It is enough to do the necessary.
（2）Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to _______.
A．recite their homework together
B．grade their homework themselves
C．answer their homework questions orally
D．check the answers to their homework questions
（3）The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always _______.
A．asked questions in a regular way
B．walked up and down when asking questions
C．chose two or three questions for the students
D．requested her students to finish their usual questions
（4）The author failed to get the questions he had expected because _______.
A．the class didn't begin as usual
B．several students didn't come to school
C．he didn't try hard to make his estimate
D．Mrs. Totten didn't start from the back of the class
（5）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．An Unforgettable Teacher B．A Future Mathematician
C．An Effective Approach D．A Valuable Lesson
19．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，whichinstead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,'explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. 'In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈） facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals'behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一 whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
（1）As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
A．zero-carbon homes B．the behaviour of building users
C．sustainable building design D．the reduction of carbon emissions
（2）The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”
A．the ways B．their homes
C．developments D．existing efforts
（3）What are Katy Janda's words mainly about
A．The importance of changing building users, habits.
B．The necessity of making a careful building design.
C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
（4）The information gap in energy use _______.
A．can be bridged by feedback facilities
B．affects the study on energy monitors
C．brings about problems for smart meters
D．will be caused by building users' old habits
（5）What does the dimension added by social science research suggest
A．The social science research is to be furthered.
B．The education programme is under discussion.
C．The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D．The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
四、选词填空
20．（2014·湖南）短文填空。
We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with well as possible.
An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for . People should not do things will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量） loud pop music should not be played very late at night. By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy friendly relationship with them.
An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live peace.
五、任务型阅读
21．（2014·湖南）任务型阅读
Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分) Perhaps you're planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.
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22．（2014·湖南）任务型阅读
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会)，the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly. But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later，the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land，and are still there today.
（1）What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter
（2）How did the boy win the citizens' support
（3）What did the boy tell the town officials
（4）What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later
六、书面表达
23．（2014·湖南）学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic……”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。
内容：1.说明设计理由； 2.介绍新功能。
注意：1.词数不少于120个字； 2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】D
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：当有父母陪伴的时候，孩子们是允许进入体育馆的。句中的逻辑主语为children，与accompany之间为被动意义上的关系，故用过去分词作状语。故D正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。故B正确。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件句中的应用，本题涉及与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
3．【答案】A
【知识点】动名词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：理解你自身的需要及交际风格，和学会表达你的感情和情绪是一样重要。不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。故A正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词短语作主语。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】引导名词性从句的连词；表语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系代词what引导的表语从句。
5．【答案】D
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——我已经准备好野餐的各种食物了。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？A. can't“不能够”；B. mustn't“ 不许，不可以”；C. shan't“将不”；D. needn't“不必”。故D正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分can't，mustn't，shan't、needn't的含义和用法。
6．【答案】D
【知识点】引导条件状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：你将永远不会获得成功，除非你完全投入到你的工作。A. when“当…..时候”；B. because“因为”；C. after“在……之后”；D. unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。根据句意，选D。
【点评】考查连词辨析，区分when、because、after、unless的含义以及引导的不同的状语从句，本题涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。
7．【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故B正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作伴随状语。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】现在完成进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：自从人类开始园艺，我们一直尽力使我们的环境更美丽。since 作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是持续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。故B正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及现在完成进行时的用法，其结构：have /has been,doing，表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，而且继续进行。
9．【答案】A
【知识点】倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候，你才会与其他人保持好的关系。“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时,句子的主句要用部分倒装。结构为：only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语。根据从句的can可以排除D项。故A正确。
【点评】考查倒装句，掌握“only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语”的倒装结构。
10．【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：让你今天所做的变得重要，因为你在经营你生命中的一天。根据句中的连词because，可以排除前一句用非谓语动词。故A正确。
【点评】考查动词用法，本题涉及祈使句的用法，用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。
11．【答案】C
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the day，后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语，同时引导起这个定语从句。故C正确。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。
12．【答案】C
【知识点】一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。
【点评】考查主谓一致及动词时态，涉及对定语从句的判断以及一般现在时。
13．【答案】A
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意：不是我们喜欢做的事情，而是我们不得不做的事情使我们的生活快乐。此处是强调句型，强调句子的主语部分，故选A。
【点评】考查强调句型，其结构“It is /was +被强调部分+句子的其它部分”。
14．【答案】D
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候你要买一件礼物，你应当考虑来自接受者的观点。本题考查whenever引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。故D正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，以及条件状语从句“主将从现”时态的用法，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
15．【答案】C
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了解除我们自己生理和心理的紧张，我们每个人都需要深刻的思考和内心的宁静。不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。故C正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词用法，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
16．【答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）C；（4）B；（5）C；（6）D；（7）A；（8）A；（9）C；（10）B；（11）B；（12）A
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己在上大学前的暑假，母亲教会作者自己熨衣服的技巧。
（1）考查名词。A. reasons”原因“；B. rules”规则“；C. emotions”情感“；D. methods”方法“。reason for，固定短语” ……的原因“。妈妈清楚地解释了这一课（指学会烫衣服）的原因。故选A。
（2）考查形容词。A. helpful”有帮助的“；B. confident”自信的“；C. powerful”强有力的“；D. independent”独立的“。这里指作者母亲认为作者将要独立并且需要学会这个至关重要的技能。故选D。
（3）考查名词。A. conclusion”结论“；B. suggestion ”建议“；C. impression”印象“；D. observation”观察“。make a good impression固定短语”留下好印象“。这里指正确的烫好的衣服将会帮助作者留下好的印象。故选C。
（4）考查形容词。A. useful”有用的“；B. easy”容易的“；C. special”特别的“；D. suitable”合适的“。根据后文的种种描述可以得知：烫衬衫不是一件很容易的工作。故选B。
（5）考查形容词。A. direct”直接的“；B. single”单身的“；C. smooth”光滑的，流畅的“；D. strange”奇怪的“。就像溜冰那样，它（指烫衬衫）并非顺畅的操作。故选C。
（6）考查动词。A. doubt”怀疑“；B. pressure”压力“；C. surprise”惊讶“；D. danger”危险“。而且，熨斗产生蒸汽并带来危险。故选D。
（7）考查动词短语。A. went away”离开“；B. fell down”跌倒“；C. jumped off”跳下来“；D. looked up”查询“。如果当你离开的时候你忘记把它关掉，你也许会把房子烧光。故选A。
（8）考查动词。A. taught”教会“；B. chose”选择“；C. forced”强迫“；D. sent”送“。关于技术，妈妈教我开始平面空间向外，一直将熨斗向前推到有褶皱的部分。故选A。
（9）考查动词。A. touch”接触“；B. design”设计“；C. see”看到“；D. admire”羡慕“。从语境可知，妈妈说它们靠近你的脸，那里每个人都能看到它们。故选C。
（10）考查名词。A. honesty”诚实“；B. freedom”自由“；C. justice”公正“；D. pride”自豪“。a sense of pride”自豪感“。多年来，我已经熟练的学会了熨衬衫，这给我一种自豪感。故选D。
（11）考查副词。A. Instead”反而“；B. Besides”除……之外“；C. Otherwise”否则“；D. However”然而“。除此之外，通过熨衣服，我已经学会了解决最棘手问题的方法。故选B。
（12）考查动词短语。A. Make up”组成、编造“；B. Deal with”处理。对付“；C Ask for”询问“；D. Rely on”依靠“。 “一次处理皱的部分”，正如妈妈曾经说过，“不久之后一切都会解决”。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词、形容词、动词、动词短语、以及副词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，覆盖面广，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
（5）C
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告，为不同年龄阶段孩子为提高写作水平设置的写作培训班。广告说明了招收学员的年龄、申请的条件、开课时间、报名截止日期及费用等信息。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17部分中的“to support the development of young writers.”支持年轻作家的发展。故D正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Application & Selection部分中的“If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words)”可知想要申请加入Towner Writer Squad,需要提交一篇大约500字的写作。故A正确。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014部分，可知申请的最后截止日期为2014年9月8日。故B正确。
（4）考查细节理解。根据Start time: 6 September, 2014部分中的“Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!”可知初学者最重要的是建立自信和体验写作过程的快乐。故B正确。
（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk”可知初学者的更多信息可以通过这两个网址查询。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据题干要求，选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己青春期早期，非常的自负。然而，在一堂数学课上所发生的一件尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训，也让作者明白了许多道理。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的“I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. ”及下文作者的讲述可知做任何必要的都是白费力气。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.”可知作者的数学老师要求学生口头回答家庭作业的问题。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer.”可知作者坐中间，很容易推算出他要回答的问题。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate.”可知由于几位同学缺席，导致了不能够知道他回答哪个问题。故选B。
（5）考查主旨大意。作者回忆了自己青春期早期，在一堂数学课上所发生的尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了来自UKERC的最新研究：房屋使用者对能源使用起着重要影响及介绍研究的内容。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The behavior of a building's users…important…when it comes to energy use.”当提及能源使用，房屋使用者的行为至少和房屋的设计一样重要。由此可知选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。此句是个非限制性定语从句，由which引导的定语从句意思“which反而关注建筑和科技的进步”可知which指代前句中的“existing efforts”故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Technology is going to assist but is not going to do everything，”科技打算帮助可它并不能做每件事，以及“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”房屋使用者的消费形式可以打败最细心的设计。可知选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Feedback facilities could help bridge this information gap ”可知A选项正确。bridge information gap意为“填平信息鸿沟”。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“suggesting that individuals' behavior in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted”可知个人在家的行为不可预知。可知D选项正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
20．【答案】them；others；which/that；and；a；but；If/When；in
【知识点】短文填词
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，谈论了我们可以选择朋友，但我们不可以选择邻居。那么怎么才能和邻居很好的相处呢？文章作者给予我们一些建议。（1）考查代词。这里代词them代指前一句中的neighbors。然而，为了获得快乐的家庭生活，我们必须尽可能与他们相处好。
（2）考查代词。这里others指“他人”。这里指邻居的一个重要的品质是为他人考虑。
（3）考查定语从句关系词用法。句中先行词为things，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which或that。这里人们不应当做那些不必要打扰他们邻居的事情。
（4）考查连词。这里前后句之间为并列关系，故用连词and。比如，电视机不必开到最大音量，并且大声的流行音乐不应当在晚上放得很晚。
（5）考查冠词。名词relationship是可数名词，故用不定冠词a。通过避免做让你邻居失望的可能的事情，你也许会享受和他们友好的关系。
（6）考查连词。这里前后句为转折关系，故用连词but。邻居应当做他们所能做的去避免打扰他人，但是，有些时间一些层次的打扰是可以避免的。（7）考查连词。这里用If/When引导条件状语从句或时间状语从句。如果/当邻居想要彼此相处好（的时候），他们就必须容忍。
（8）考查介词。这里考查短语in peace“平静地，和平地”。以这样的方法，每个人都将和平相处。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词、定语从句、连词、冠词以及介词等知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识，写出正确的单词。
21．【答案】Vacations；performance；quality of sleep；attempt；worry；good flight deal；adding；rules；choice；shopping wisely
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了度假虽然对我们有很多的好处。与此同时，我们在度假方面也有许许多多的误区。因此，文章作者对我们如何度过快乐的假期给予我们几条实用的建议。
（1）考查名词。文章多次出现vacation及vacations，填写的时候注意首字母大写以及复数形式。
（2）考查名词。根据第一段中的最后一句Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.可以归纳出答案，注意动词perform变为名词。
（3）考查短语。根据第一段中的“Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.”可以归纳出答案。
（4）考查名词。根据第二段中的“A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).”可以归纳出答案，原句的动词转换为名词。
（5）考查名词。根据第二段中的“Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues”可以归纳出答案。
（6）考查短语。根据第二段中的“such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey.”可以得出答案。
（7）考查动名词。根据第二段中的“such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey.”由add转换为adding。
（8）考查名词 。根据第三段中的“Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules.”可以归纳出答案。
（9）考查名词。根据第三段中的“First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions”.中有动词choose转换为词组make a choice。
（10）考查短语。根据最后三段中的“Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.由shop wisely转换为shopping wisely。”
【点评】本题考点涉及词性转换以及信息归纳，要求考生在准确理解所给材料细节的基础上，结合词性转换和近义词的相关知识，通过信息寻找和信息概括，写出正确的答案。
22．【答案】（1）They liked to go skating.
（2）He went door to door and gathered their signatures.
（3）He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children.
（4）Environment protection laws and knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位男孩在小的时候以及上大学的时候为保护湿地和孩子们的游乐空间，采用不同的方法所做出的努力。
（1）考查细节归纳。根据第一段中的“When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating.”可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
（2）考查细节归纳。根据第二段中的“So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development”可以归纳出答案。
（3）考查细节归纳。根据第三段中的“He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.”故可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
（4）考查细节归纳。根据第四段中的“This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development”.可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节归纳题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，运用概括归纳能力，按要求写出正确答案。
23．【答案】My Magic Pen Pens are necessities for every student, so we are all familiar with them. I designed my pen. On the one hand, it's easy to carry. On the other hand, it's used not only for writing but also for other important aspects. Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it for a flasher. I won't be afraid of darkness any more.Secondly, I fix a tiny clockin the pen, I can know the time and I don't have to wear my watch. At last, I put a sharp knife on the top of the pen. I can either use it for cutting things or even protecting myself when I come across danger. Such is the pen which I designed. Isn't it usefuland attractive
【知识点】文字式说明文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇说明文。所给出的题材十分贴近学生生活，学生能够从日常生活中的熟悉的物品适当发挥想象。本书面表达的要求写一篇说明文，所给的要点也很清楚：说明学生所选物品设计理由；介绍此物品新功能。写作的时候注意以下几点：1、切合题意。仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。2、简明扼要。此题材学生都有话可说，但要注意说明清楚：为什么要设计此物品？此物品有哪些新功能？要点要全面。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。
【点评】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。时间状语从句从句的使用：when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it for a flasher.定语从句：Such is the pen which I designed.同时使用了 On the one hand，On the other hand，Firstly，Secondly ，At last等过渡词，使文章行文更加连贯。
1 / 12014年高考英语真题试卷（湖南卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2014·湖南）Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．accompanied
【答案】D
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：当有父母陪伴的时候，孩子们是允许进入体育馆的。句中的逻辑主语为children，与accompany之间为被动意义上的关系，故用过去分词作状语。故D正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
2．（2014·湖南）If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A．were B．had been C．should be D．was
【答案】B
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。故B正确。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在条件句中的应用，本题涉及与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
3．（2014·湖南）____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
A．Understanding B．To be understood
C．Being understood D．Having understood
【答案】A
【知识点】动名词；非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：理解你自身的需要及交际风格，和学会表达你的感情和情绪是一样重要。不定式（短语）或动名词（短语）均可作主语，区别在于不定式常表示将来，是特指；而动名词表示一般情况，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍现象，属泛指，故用动名词较好。故A正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词短语作主语。
4．（2014·湖南）As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A．which B．that C．what D．where
【答案】C
【知识点】引导名词性从句的连词；表语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系代词what引导的表语从句。
5．（2014·湖南）— I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us
A．can't B．mustn't C．shan't D．needn't
【答案】D
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——我已经准备好野餐的各种食物了。——你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？A. can't“不能够”；B. mustn't“ 不许，不可以”；C. shan't“将不”；D. needn't“不必”。故D正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分can't，mustn't，shan't、needn't的含义和用法。
6．（2014·湖南）You will never gain success________ you are fully devoted to your work.
A．when B．because C．after D．unless
【答案】D
【知识点】引导条件状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：你将永远不会获得成功，除非你完全投入到你的工作。A. when“当…..时候”；B. because“因为”；C. after“在……之后”；D. unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。根据句意，选D。
【点评】考查连词辨析，区分when、because、after、unless的含义以及引导的不同的状语从句，本题涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。
7．（2014·湖南）There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____at the night sky.
A．to stare B．staring C．stared D．having stared
【答案】B
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。故B正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作伴随状语。
8．（2014·湖南）Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A．try B．have been trying
C．are trying D．will try
【答案】B
【知识点】现在完成进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：自从人类开始园艺，我们一直尽力使我们的环境更美丽。since 作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是持续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。故B正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及现在完成进行时的用法，其结构：have /has been,doing，表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，而且继续进行。
9．（2014·湖南）Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.
A．will you keep B．you will keep C．you kept D．did you keep
【答案】A
【知识点】倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候，你才会与其他人保持好的关系。“only+状语(从句)”位于句首时,句子的主句要用部分倒装。结构为：only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语。根据从句的can可以排除D项。故A正确。
【点评】考查倒装句，掌握“only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语”的倒装结构。
10．（2014·湖南）______ what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life
for it
A．Make B．To make C．Making D．Made
【答案】A
【知识点】祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：让你今天所做的变得重要，因为你在经营你生命中的一天。根据句中的连词because，可以排除前一句用非谓语动词。故A正确。
【点评】考查动词用法，本题涉及祈使句的用法，用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。
11．（2014·湖南）I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A．as B．why C．when D．where
【答案】C
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情的那一天。本题是一个定语从句，先行词是the day，后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中做时间状语，同时引导起这个定语从句。故C正确。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。
12．（2014·湖南）All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A．are B．was C．is D．were
【答案】C
【知识点】一般现在时；主谓一致
【解析】【分析】句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。
【点评】考查主谓一致及动词时态，涉及对定语从句的判断以及一般现在时。
13．（2014·湖南）It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.
A．that B．which C．what D．who
【答案】A
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意：不是我们喜欢做的事情，而是我们不得不做的事情使我们的生活快乐。此处是强调句型，强调句子的主语部分，故选A。
【点评】考查强调句型，其结构“It is /was +被强调部分+句子的其它部分”。
14．（2014·湖南）Whenever you a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy
【答案】D
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候你要买一件礼物，你应当考虑来自接受者的观点。本题考查whenever引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。故D正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，以及条件状语从句“主将从现”时态的用法，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
15．（2014·湖南） ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
A．Having freed B．Freed C．To free D．Freeing
【答案】C
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：为了解除我们自己生理和心理的紧张，我们每个人都需要深刻的思考和内心的宁静。不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。故C正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词用法，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
二、完形填空
16．（2014·湖南）完形填空
The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (烫衣板)and said, “Pay attention: I'm going to teach you to iron.”
Mom clearly explained her （1） for this lesson. I was going to be （2） and needed to learn this vital skill. Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good （3） .
“Learn to iron a shirt,” Mom said, “and you can iron anything.”
But ironing shirts was not （4） work. It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball，and it wasn't a （5） operation like ice-skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop sign every 10 feet, Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of （6） .If you touched the wrong part of it, you'd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you （7） ,you might bum down the house.
As for technique, Mom （8） me to begin with the flat spaces outward, always pushing the iron forward into wrinkled (有褶皱的）parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your face, where everyone would （9） them.
Over the years, I've learned to iron shirts skillfully, which gives me a sense of （10） Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. （11） ,through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. “ （12） wrinkles one at a time,” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”
（1）A．reasons B．rules C．emotions D．methods
（2）A．helpful B．confident C．powerful D．independent
（3）A．conclusion B．suggestion C．impression D．observation
（4）A．useful B．easy C．special D．suitable
（5）A．direct B．single C．smooth D．strange
（6）A．doubt B．pressure C．surprise D．danger
（7）A．went away B．fell down C．jumped off D．looked up
（8）A．taught B．chose C．forced D．sent
（9）A．touch B．design C．see D．admire
（10）A．honesty B．freedom C．justice D．pride
（11）A．Instead B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However
（12）A．Make up B．Deal with C．Ask for D．Rely on
【答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）C；（4）B；（5）C；（6）D；（7）A；（8）A；（9）C；（10）B；（11）B；（12）A
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己在上大学前的暑假，母亲教会作者自己熨衣服的技巧。
（1）考查名词。A. reasons”原因“；B. rules”规则“；C. emotions”情感“；D. methods”方法“。reason for，固定短语” ……的原因“。妈妈清楚地解释了这一课（指学会烫衣服）的原因。故选A。
（2）考查形容词。A. helpful”有帮助的“；B. confident”自信的“；C. powerful”强有力的“；D. independent”独立的“。这里指作者母亲认为作者将要独立并且需要学会这个至关重要的技能。故选D。
（3）考查名词。A. conclusion”结论“；B. suggestion ”建议“；C. impression”印象“；D. observation”观察“。make a good impression固定短语”留下好印象“。这里指正确的烫好的衣服将会帮助作者留下好的印象。故选C。
（4）考查形容词。A. useful”有用的“；B. easy”容易的“；C. special”特别的“；D. suitable”合适的“。根据后文的种种描述可以得知：烫衬衫不是一件很容易的工作。故选B。
（5）考查形容词。A. direct”直接的“；B. single”单身的“；C. smooth”光滑的，流畅的“；D. strange”奇怪的“。就像溜冰那样，它（指烫衬衫）并非顺畅的操作。故选C。
（6）考查动词。A. doubt”怀疑“；B. pressure”压力“；C. surprise”惊讶“；D. danger”危险“。而且，熨斗产生蒸汽并带来危险。故选D。
（7）考查动词短语。A. went away”离开“；B. fell down”跌倒“；C. jumped off”跳下来“；D. looked up”查询“。如果当你离开的时候你忘记把它关掉，你也许会把房子烧光。故选A。
（8）考查动词。A. taught”教会“；B. chose”选择“；C. forced”强迫“；D. sent”送“。关于技术，妈妈教我开始平面空间向外，一直将熨斗向前推到有褶皱的部分。故选A。
（9）考查动词。A. touch”接触“；B. design”设计“；C. see”看到“；D. admire”羡慕“。从语境可知，妈妈说它们靠近你的脸，那里每个人都能看到它们。故选C。
（10）考查名词。A. honesty”诚实“；B. freedom”自由“；C. justice”公正“；D. pride”自豪“。a sense of pride”自豪感“。多年来，我已经熟练的学会了熨衬衫，这给我一种自豪感。故选D。
（11）考查副词。A. Instead”反而“；B. Besides”除……之外“；C. Otherwise”否则“；D. However”然而“。除此之外，通过熨衣服，我已经学会了解决最棘手问题的方法。故选B。
（12）考查动词短语。A. Make up”组成、编造“；B. Deal with”处理。对付“；C Ask for”询问“；D. Rely on”依靠“。 “一次处理皱的部分”，正如妈妈曾经说过，“不久之后一切都会解决”。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词、形容词、动词、动词短语、以及副词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，覆盖面广，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
Want to improve your writing skills New Writing South is directing the way!
Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17
Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014.
The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.
Application & Selection
If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title‘LUNCH,'with your name, age, address and e-mail address to: debo@.
Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September，4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people.
You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what's to come.
Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014
For further information go to: /towner or towner.org.uk or
Any questions 一 feel free to send your e-mail to Towner Writer Squad Associate: whame@towner.gov.uk
﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡
Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13
Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.
Start time: 6 September, 2014
Meet every other Saturday，2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre.
Study and write at your own pace 一 you do not have to rush 一 as you have a year to go through the project. Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!
No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can't you
Fee: 179
For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk
（1）Towner Writer Squad will be started _______.
A．to train comedy and TV writers
B．to explore the fantastic gallery space
C．to introduce a contemporary art museum
D．to promote the development of young writers
（2）To join the Writer Squad，each applicant should first _______.
A．provide a piece of their writing B．meet the Writer Squad Leader
C．offer their family information D．complete an application form
（3）Applications for the Writer Squad should be e-mailed no later than _______.
A．6 September, 2014 B．8 September, 2014
C．17 September, 2014 D．12 October, 2014
（4）What is most important for the beginners
A．Practising as much as possible.
B．Gaining confidence and having fun.
C．Studying and writing at their own pace.
D．Learning skills from writers and teachers.
（5）More information about Beginner Writing Project can be found at _______.
A．/towner B．
C．newtowner.org.uk D．towner.org.uk
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
（5）C
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告，为不同年龄阶段孩子为提高写作水平设置的写作培训班。广告说明了招收学员的年龄、申请的条件、开课时间、报名截止日期及费用等信息。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17部分中的“to support the development of young writers.”支持年轻作家的发展。故D正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Application & Selection部分中的“If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words)”可知想要申请加入Towner Writer Squad,需要提交一篇大约500字的写作。故A正确。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014部分，可知申请的最后截止日期为2014年9月8日。故B正确。
（4）考查细节理解。根据Start time: 6 September, 2014部分中的“Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!”可知初学者最重要的是建立自信和体验写作过程的快乐。故B正确。
（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk”可知初学者的更多信息可以通过这两个网址查询。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据题干要求，选出正确答案。
18．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that ________________________ One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment
In Mrs. Totten's eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.
Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class，I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn't function.
When Mrs. Totten reached my desk，she asked what answer I'd got for problem No. 14. “I…I didn't get anything,” I answered，and my face felt warm.
“Correct,” she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third，I would never make it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.
（1）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate
A．It is wise to value one's time.
B．It is important to make an effort
C．It is right to stick to one's belief.
D．It is enough to do the necessary.
（2）Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to _______.
A．recite their homework together
B．grade their homework themselves
C．answer their homework questions orally
D．check the answers to their homework questions
（3）The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always _______.
A．asked questions in a regular way
B．walked up and down when asking questions
C．chose two or three questions for the students
D．requested her students to finish their usual questions
（4）The author failed to get the questions he had expected because _______.
A．the class didn't begin as usual
B．several students didn't come to school
C．he didn't try hard to make his estimate
D．Mrs. Totten didn't start from the back of the class
（5）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．An Unforgettable Teacher B．A Future Mathematician
C．An Effective Approach D．A Valuable Lesson
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己青春期早期，非常的自负。然而，在一堂数学课上所发生的一件尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训，也让作者明白了许多道理。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的“I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. ”及下文作者的讲述可知做任何必要的都是白费力气。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.”可知作者的数学老师要求学生口头回答家庭作业的问题。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer.”可知作者坐中间，很容易推算出他要回答的问题。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate.”可知由于几位同学缺席，导致了不能够知道他回答哪个问题。故选B。
（5）考查主旨大意。作者回忆了自己青春期早期，在一堂数学课上所发生的尴尬的事情，给作者一次有价值的教训。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
19．（2014·湖南）阅读理解
The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，whichinstead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,'explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. 'In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈） facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals'behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一 whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example. Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
（1）As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
A．zero-carbon homes B．the behaviour of building users
C．sustainable building design D．the reduction of carbon emissions
（2）The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”
A．the ways B．their homes
C．developments D．existing efforts
（3）What are Katy Janda's words mainly about
A．The importance of changing building users, habits.
B．The necessity of making a careful building design.
C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
（4）The information gap in energy use _______.
A．can be bridged by feedback facilities
B．affects the study on energy monitors
C．brings about problems for smart meters
D．will be caused by building users' old habits
（5）What does the dimension added by social science research suggest
A．The social science research is to be furthered.
B．The education programme is under discussion.
C．The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D．The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
（5）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了来自UKERC的最新研究：房屋使用者对能源使用起着重要影响及介绍研究的内容。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The behavior of a building's users…important…when it comes to energy use.”当提及能源使用，房屋使用者的行为至少和房屋的设计一样重要。由此可知选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。此句是个非限制性定语从句，由which引导的定语从句意思“which反而关注建筑和科技的进步”可知which指代前句中的“existing efforts”故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Technology is going to assist but is not going to do everything，”科技打算帮助可它并不能做每件事，以及“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”房屋使用者的消费形式可以打败最细心的设计。可知选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Feedback facilities could help bridge this information gap ”可知A选项正确。bridge information gap意为“填平信息鸿沟”。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“suggesting that individuals' behavior in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted”可知个人在家的行为不可预知。可知D选项正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
四、选词填空
20．（2014·湖南）短文填空。
We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with well as possible.
An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for . People should not do things will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量） loud pop music should not be played very late at night. By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors, you can enjoy friendly relationship with them.
An equally important quality is tolerance. Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance. In this way, everyone will live peace.
【答案】them；others；which/that；and；a；but；If/When；in
【知识点】短文填词
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，谈论了我们可以选择朋友，但我们不可以选择邻居。那么怎么才能和邻居很好的相处呢？文章作者给予我们一些建议。（1）考查代词。这里代词them代指前一句中的neighbors。然而，为了获得快乐的家庭生活，我们必须尽可能与他们相处好。
（2）考查代词。这里others指“他人”。这里指邻居的一个重要的品质是为他人考虑。
（3）考查定语从句关系词用法。句中先行词为things，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which或that。这里人们不应当做那些不必要打扰他们邻居的事情。
（4）考查连词。这里前后句之间为并列关系，故用连词and。比如，电视机不必开到最大音量，并且大声的流行音乐不应当在晚上放得很晚。
（5）考查冠词。名词relationship是可数名词，故用不定冠词a。通过避免做让你邻居失望的可能的事情，你也许会享受和他们友好的关系。
（6）考查连词。这里前后句为转折关系，故用连词but。邻居应当做他们所能做的去避免打扰他人，但是，有些时间一些层次的打扰是可以避免的。（7）考查连词。这里用If/When引导条件状语从句或时间状语从句。如果/当邻居想要彼此相处好（的时候），他们就必须容忍。
（8）考查介词。这里考查短语in peace“平静地，和平地”。以这样的方法，每个人都将和平相处。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词、定语从句、连词、冠词以及介词等知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识，写出正确的单词。
五、任务型阅读
21．（2014·湖南）任务型阅读
Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分) Perhaps you're planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨
⑩
【答案】Vacations；performance；quality of sleep；attempt；worry；good flight deal；adding；rules；choice；shopping wisely
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了度假虽然对我们有很多的好处。与此同时，我们在度假方面也有许许多多的误区。因此，文章作者对我们如何度过快乐的假期给予我们几条实用的建议。
（1）考查名词。文章多次出现vacation及vacations，填写的时候注意首字母大写以及复数形式。
（2）考查名词。根据第一段中的最后一句Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.可以归纳出答案，注意动词perform变为名词。
（3）考查短语。根据第一段中的“Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.”可以归纳出答案。
（4）考查名词。根据第二段中的“A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).”可以归纳出答案，原句的动词转换为名词。
（5）考查名词。根据第二段中的“Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues”可以归纳出答案。
（6）考查短语。根据第二段中的“such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey.”可以得出答案。
（7）考查动名词。根据第二段中的“such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey.”由add转换为adding。
（8）考查名词 。根据第三段中的“Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules.”可以归纳出答案。
（9）考查名词。根据第三段中的“First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions”.中有动词choose转换为词组make a choice。
（10）考查短语。根据最后三段中的“Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.由shop wisely转换为shopping wisely。”
【点评】本题考点涉及词性转换以及信息归纳，要求考生在准确理解所给材料细节的基础上，结合词性转换和近义词的相关知识，通过信息寻找和信息概括，写出正确的答案。
22．（2014·湖南）任务型阅读
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会)，the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly. But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later，the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land，and are still there today.
（1）What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter
（2）How did the boy win the citizens' support
（3）What did the boy tell the town officials
（4）What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later
【答案】（1）They liked to go skating.
（2）He went door to door and gathered their signatures.
（3）He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children.
（4）Environment protection laws and knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位男孩在小的时候以及上大学的时候为保护湿地和孩子们的游乐空间，采用不同的方法所做出的努力。
（1）考查细节归纳。根据第一段中的“When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating.”可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
（2）考查细节归纳。根据第二段中的“So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development”可以归纳出答案。
（3）考查细节归纳。根据第三段中的“He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.”故可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
（4）考查细节归纳。根据第四段中的“This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development”.可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节归纳题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，运用概括归纳能力，按要求写出正确答案。
六、书面表达
23．（2014·湖南）学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My Magic……”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。
内容：1.说明设计理由； 2.介绍新功能。
注意：1.词数不少于120个字； 2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
【答案】My Magic Pen Pens are necessities for every student, so we are all familiar with them. I designed my pen. On the one hand, it's easy to carry. On the other hand, it's used not only for writing but also for other important aspects. Firstly, I put some batteries in the pen and fix a light bulb, so when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it for a flasher. I won't be afraid of darkness any more.Secondly, I fix a tiny clockin the pen, I can know the time and I don't have to wear my watch. At last, I put a sharp knife on the top of the pen. I can either use it for cutting things or even protecting myself when I come across danger. Such is the pen which I designed. Isn't it usefuland attractive
【知识点】文字式说明文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇说明文。所给出的题材十分贴近学生生活，学生能够从日常生活中的熟悉的物品适当发挥想象。本书面表达的要求写一篇说明文，所给的要点也很清楚：说明学生所选物品设计理由；介绍此物品新功能。写作的时候注意以下几点：1、切合题意。仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点。2、简明扼要。此题材学生都有话可说，但要注意说明清楚：为什么要设计此物品？此物品有哪些新功能？要点要全面。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。
【点评】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。时间状语从句从句的使用：when it is dark on my way home or to school, I can use it for a flasher.定语从句：Such is the pen which I designed.同时使用了 On the one hand，On the other hand，Firstly，Secondly ，At last等过渡词，使文章行文更加连贯。
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