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2014年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2014·江苏）Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A．though B．as C．since D．unless
2．（2014·江苏）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A．which B．when C．as D．where
3．（2014·江苏）—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered
4．（2014·江苏）Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.
A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion
5．（2014·江苏）Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A．chased B．registered C．offered D．compensated
6．（2014·江苏）—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A．how B．what C．that D．who
7．（2014·江苏）She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue
8．（2014·江苏）The idea “happiness, ” ________, will not sit still for easy definition.
A．to be rigid B．to be sure C．to be perfect D．to be fair
9．（2014·江苏）The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
10．（2014·江苏）—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I'll go right away and ________.
A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off
11．（2014·江苏）It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A．might B．would C．should D．could
12．（2014·江苏）I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be ________ occupied.
A．also B．just C．nevertheless D．otherwise
13．（2014·江苏）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A．remember B．remind C．recover D．recall
14．（2014·江苏）Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
15．（2014·江苏）—________ ! Somebody has left the lab door open.
—Don't look at me.
A．Dear me B．Hi, there C．Thank goodness D．Come on
二、完形填空
16．（2014·江苏）完形填空
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first （1） back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an （2） , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the （3） at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done （4） his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities （5） he didn't have the time or the （6） . He had only one good suit. He tried （7） the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too （8） . During this period Dale was slowly （9） an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could （10） him from achieving his real potential. She （11） that Dale join the debating team, believing that （12） in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts （13） made it. This proved to be a （14） point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the （15） he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in （16） . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, （17） , were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to （18） his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to （19） an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, （20） it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.
（1）A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized
（2）A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction
（3）A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment
（4）A．between B．during C．over D．through
（5）A．while B．when C．because D．though
（6）A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes
（7）A．on B．for C．in D．with
（8）A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing
（9）A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining
（10）A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free
（11）A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted
（12）A．presence B．practice C．patience D．potential
（13）A．hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally
（14）A．key B．breaking C．basic D．turning
（15）A．progress B．experience C．competence D．confidence
（16）A．horse-riding B．football C．speech D．farming
（17）A．in return B．in brief C．in turn D．in fact
（18）A．convey B．overcome C．understand D．build
（19）A．express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat
（20）A．besides B．beyond C．like D．with
三、阅读理解
17．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
（1）Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs
A．It helped display their money status.
B．It was created by famous architects.
C．It was named after a famous institute.
D．It represented the 19th century urban culture.
（2）What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts
A．Its designs are anti-conventional.
B．Its designs come from famous structures.
C．Its customers can enjoy their own composition.
D．Its customers can choose from various new styles.
18．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
（1）According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
A．making more money
B．taking more opportunities
C．reducing missed opportunities
D．weighing the choice of opportunities
（2）The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
A．spared for watching the match at home
B．taken to have dinner with friends
C．spent on the way to and from the match
D．saved from not going to watch the match
（3）What are forgone opportunities
A．Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D．Opportunities you make up for.
19．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
（1）The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A．usually has a biological basis
B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．influences one's thinking and evaluation
（2）What changes can be found in an angry brain
A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.
D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.
（3）Which of the following is typical of offensive anger
A．Approaching the source of anger.
B．Trying to control what is disliked.
C．Moving away from what is disliked.
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
（4）What is the key message of the last paragraph
A．How anger differs from other emotions.
B．How anger relates to other emotions.
C．Behavioural responses to anger.
D．Behavioural patterns of anger.
20．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
（1）Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy
A．Her dream of being a mother came true.
B．She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C．She wrote the letter to her daughter.
D．Her female line was well linked.
（2）How does Mommy feel about her being given away
A．It is bitter and disappointing. B．It is painful but understandable.
C．She feels sorry but sympathetic. D．She feels hurt and angry.
（3）What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．I walked clumsily out of pains.
B．I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C．I was impatient out of fear.
D．I looked different from others.
（4）What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life
A．She used to experience an identity crisis.
B．She fought against her American identity.
C．She forgot the pains of her early years.
D．She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
（5）Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming ”
A．To match her own birth-name.
B．To brighten the lives of the family.
C．To identify her with Chinese origin.
D．To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
（6）By “Your past is more complete than mine,” Mommy means ________.
A．her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming's
B．Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C．her mother didn't comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D．her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US
四、任务型阅读
21．（2014·江苏）请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The expression, “everybody's doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you ” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩
五、书面表达
22．（2014·江苏）请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.
The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.
[写作内容]
1）用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2）用约120个单词发表你的观点,
内容包括: (1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇; (2)用2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1）可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2）阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4）不必写标题。
[评分标准] 内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：虽然历史不可改变，但是吸取教训来面向未来。A. though“虽然，尽管”；B. as“正如”；C.since“自从”；D. unless“除非” 。根据句意判断可以知道前后句之间为转折关系，故用连词though连接。故A正确。
【点评】考查连词辨析，区分though，as，since，unless的含义以及引导的不同种类的状语从句，本题涉及though引导让步状语从句。
2．【答案】D
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。句中的先行词为work，在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故D正确。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：——关于将在南京举办的青奥会你了解多少？——嗯，媒体已经用各种形式进行了报道。根据句意可以判定出，本题用现在完成时态，强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。故C正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及现在完成时的用法，其结构：have/has done,强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意：汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持良好身体。A. in place“在适当的位置”；B. in order“按顺序”；C. in shape“处于良好状态，健康”；D. in fashion“流行，时兴”。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析，区分in place，in order，in shape，in fashion的含义。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：来自大学的优秀毕业生被大公司所猎取。A. chase“追赶，追求”；B. register“登机，注册”；C. offer“提供”；D. compensate“补偿”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分chase，register，offer和 compensate的含义。
6．【答案】B
【知识点】引导名词性从句的连词；表语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——怎么这么乱啊！你总是这么懒！——我不应该受到责备，妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。本题考查的是表语从句，注意动词make后接双宾语，即make sb. sth.故用关系词what来引导。故B正确。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系代词what引导的表语从句。
7．【答案】A
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。A. symbol“象征，标志”；B. portrait“肖像”；C. identity“身份，特征”；D. statue“塑像，雕像”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分symbol，portrait，identity以及statue的含义。
8．【答案】B
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析；形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：“幸福”的观念，可以肯定的说，并非一成不变的。A. rigid“严格的，刻板的”；B. sure“肯定的”；C. perfect“完美的”；D. fair“公正的，公平的”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分to be rigid，to be sure，to be perfect，to be fair的含义和用法。
9．【答案】D
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。having been given则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。故D正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成被动式，结构:having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与逻辑主语是动宾关系。
10．【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——爸爸，我认为奥利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。——我明白，我马上付清工资后解雇他。A. pay back“偿还，回报”；B. pay sb. off “付清工资后解雇(某)人”；C. put away“收拾，储存”；D. put off“推迟”.根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分pay back，pay sb. off ，put away，put off的含义。
11．【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：他们，自己如此的贫困，竟然带食物给我，让我很难过。A. might“也许”；B. would“将”；C. should“竟然，居然”（用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气中）；D. could“能够”。根据句意，C正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分might，would，should，could的含义和用法。
12．【答案】D
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：在星期天我不能与你见面，否则我会很忙。A. also“也”；B. just“刚刚”；C. nevertheless“尽管如此”；D. otherwise“否则，在不同方面”。根据句意，选D。
【点评】考查副词辨析，区分also，just，nevertheless，otherwise的含义和用法。
13．【答案】D
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。A. remember“记得”，指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。；B. remind“使想起，提醒”；C. recover“使恢复”；D. recall“回忆”，多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。故D正确。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解，要求准确区分四个动词的含义和用法。
14．【答案】C
【知识点】不定代词
【解析】【分析】句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。A. something“某事物”；B. anything“任何事物”；C. everything“一切”；D. nothing“没有什么”。故C正确。
【点评】考查代词用法，准确区分something、anything、everything和nothing的含义和使用环境。
15．【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——哎呀！有人离开实验室门还开着。——不要看着我。故A正确。A. dear me"哎呀（表示惊讶）"；B. Hi, there"嗨"；C. Thank goodness"谢天谢地"；D. come on"加油"。根据句意，可知选A。
【点评】考查交际用语。此题涉及表示“惊讶”的表达。
16．【答案】（1）D；（2）B；（3）B；（4）A；（5）C；（6）D；（7）B；（8）A；（9）C；（10）A；（11）A；（12）B；（13）C；（14）D；（15）D；（16）C；（17）C；（18）B；（19）A；（20）D
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了戴尔·卡耐基从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉的经历。他从年轻时候的不自信，在他母亲的帮助下不断奋斗，最终成为最成功的演说家。
（1）考查动词。A. admitted“承认”；B. filled“装满”；C. supplied“提供”；D. recognized“认出，识别”。在1906年，当年轻的戴尔是沃伦斯堡州立师范学院三年级学生，他首次发现这种需要。故选D。
（2）考查名词。A. assignment“分配，任务”；B. education“教育”；C. advantage“优势‘；D. instruction”教学，说明“。这里指卡耐基要受到教育，他与许多困难作斗争。故选B。
（3）考查名词。A. training”训练'；B. board这里指“校车”；C. teaching"教学"；D. equipment"设备"。他的爸爸付不起上大学的校车费用，因此戴尔不得不骑马跑12英里去上课。故选B.
（4）考查介词。学习不得不在日常农活之间完成。故选A。
（5）考查连词。A. while“然而”；B. when“当……时候”；C. because“因为”；D. though“尽管”。他从许多学校活动撤走，因为他没有时间和衣服。故选C。
（6）考查名词。A. permits“允许”；B. interest“兴趣”；C. talent“才能”；D. clothes“衣服”。根据下文“He had only one good suit.”可以推测出这里用名词clothes。故选D。
（7）考查动词短语。try for“谋求，争取”；try on“试穿”；try in“试戴”。他想争取加入足球队，但教练拒绝了他。故选B。
（8）考查形容词。A. light“轻的”；B. flexible“灵活的”；C. optimistic“乐观的”；D. outgoing“外向的”。教练拒绝他的原因只可能是因为他体重太轻。故选A。
（9）考查动词。A. gaining“获得”；B. achieving“取得”；C. developing“形成”；D. obtaining“获得”。从语境可知，在这个时期，戴尔慢慢形成一种自卑感。故选C。
（10）考查动词。A. prevent“阻止”；B. protect“保护”；C. save“拯救”；D. free“释放”。prevent sb. from doing sth.固定短语“阻止某人做某事”。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选A。
（11）考查动词。A. suggested“建议”；B. demanded“要求”；C. required“要求”；D. insisted“坚持”。她建议戴尔加入辩论队。故选A。
（12）考查名词。A. presence“出现”；B. practice“练习”；C patience“耐心”；D. potential“潜能”。 她相信发言练习能够给他自信。故选B。
（13）考查副词。A. hopefully“有希望地”；B. certainly“当然，一定”；C. finally“最终”；D. naturally“自然地”。戴尔听从了他母亲的建议，不顾一切的尝试，几次尝试之后，最终成功了。故选C。
（14）考查形容词。A. key“关键的”；B. breaking“破裂的”；C. basic“基本的”；D. turning“转折”。从语境可知，这证明是他生命中的一个转折点。故选D。
（15）考查名词。A. progress“进步”；B. experience“经历”；C. competence“能力”；D. confidence“自信”。在人群面前演讲的确帮助他获得他需要的自信。故选D。
（16）考查名词。A. horse-riding“骑马”；B. football“足球”；C. speech“演讲”；D. farming“农业”。到戴尔是大四学生的时候，他赢得了演讲的每一个最高荣誉。故选C。
（17）考查固定短语。A. in return“作为回报”；B. in brief“简言之”；C in turn“轮流”；D. in fact“事实上”。 现在，其他学生都来向他寻求指导。而他们也依次赢得了竞赛。故选C。
（18）考查动词。A. convey“传达”；B. overcome“克服”；C. understand“理解”；D. build“建立”。出于这早期的努力使他克服了自卑感。故选B。
（19）考查动词。A. express“表达”；B. stress“强调”；C. contribute“贡献”；D. repeat“重复”。戴尔开始理解他向听众表达观念的能力建立了一个人的自信。故选A。
（20）考查介词短语。A. besides“除……之外”；B. beyond“超出'；C like”像“；D. with”随着“。 并且，拥有此，戴尔知道他能够做任何他想要做的事情——其他人也可以。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、介词、连词、形容词、副词、介词短语等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，覆盖面广，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）A
（2）C
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告，介绍了厨房设计的风格、设计的由来以及顾客可以加入自己的创新。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.“可以判断一代成功的美国企业家梦想新的风格的建造能够表达他们个人财富，即展示他们的金钱地位。故A正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen.“可知顾客也可以加入自己新的创新，从而可以分享到自己的成果。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据题干要求，选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了不管我们多么的富有，在一天里我们不可能找到足够的时间做我们想要做的一切。因此，我们要放弃一些事情选择做更好的事情。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost“可知“机会成本”这个概念应用于衡量机会的选择方面。故D正确。
（2）考查词义推测。根据第三段中的”Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.“可知leftover … time所指的是“花在观看比赛（路上）来去的时间”。故C正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.“可以推测出forgone opportunities是指“所放弃用于更好的机会”。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和词义猜测两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了生气在人大脑的额叶前部区域出现不平衡的图案以及不同的生气形式。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.“可以判断“决斗”的例子证明了生气的表情是社会和文化形成的。故C正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren't balances …“可以判断在生气的时候，大脑的额叶前部区域发现不平衡的图案。故B正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.“可知典型的攻击性的生气是主动接近令自己生气的人或处境。故A正确。
（4）考查段落大意。最后一段主要说明了offensive anger和defensive anger两种不同的生气形式，故其关键信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
20．【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
（6）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是妈妈写给女儿的一封信，作者回忆了自己小时候的经历，以及给女儿取名字的由来。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of other woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.“可知对作者来说，1990年6月6日这一天是一个特别的日子，是因为她的母系得到了很好的传承。故D正确。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二、三段作者的叙述可知作者母亲迫于无奈，不得不把她送到孤儿院。从作者描写的语气可以判断出对于她的被送走，她是痛苦的但又理解的。故B正确。
（3）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的”In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though.和Whether from jealousy or someone who looked so different“都可以判断出作者在那些孩子中看起来与其他人不同。故D正确。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.“可以判断作者过去经历了一次身份危机。故A正确。
（5）考查推理判断。根据文章第五、六、七段可知，作者自身经历了身份危机。因此，妈妈给女儿取名“少明”是为了让她女儿避免她小时候的困扰。故C正确。
（6）考查句义猜测。此句的字面含义为“你的过去比我更完整”。根据下文”and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.“可以判断妈妈意味着她将给予更多的慈母般的爱和归属感。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和句义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
21．【答案】feeling；influences；practical；unconsciously；individuals；moral；spirit；habits；independent；no
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，说明了我们在生活中都受到同辈压力的影响。然而同辈压力的影响有积极的，也有消极的。
（1）考查名词。根据第一段对“同辈压力”这一概念的解释可以归纳出the strong feeling强力的感觉。
（2）考查名词。根据第一段中的“It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.”注意用第三人称单数。
（3）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.”可以归纳出答案。
（4）考查副词。根据第二段中讲述人生来是具有社会性动物，周围的人将无意识的影响一个人的生活。
（5）考查名词。根据第三段中的“For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction”可以归纳出答案。
（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses”可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯罪和过度消费。
（7）考查名词。根据第四段中的“Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.”可以归纳出“团队精神”。
（8）考查名词。根据第四段中的“This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.”可以得出答案，注意用复数形式。
（9）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.”可以归纳出“孩子应当学会独立”。
（10）考查同义词。根据最后一段They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.中短语的“decline to”转换为短语“say no to”。
【点评】本题要求在准确理解所给阅读材料的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行信息查找和信息概括，结合相关的词性变化以及近义词辨析，从而写出正确答案。
22．【答案】支持: Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not. Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation “xinxi jishu.” In our global village, we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese. So, it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.反对: With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.” I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.” In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇议论文写作，要求考生首先用30个单词概括所给的文字，然后再给出自己的评判。不管考生是赞成还是反对哪一观点，都要提供足够的理由或者论据。首先，概括部分考查了学生的概括能力，学生再概括的时候要注意语言的精炼性，要点要齐全。其次，阐述的理由或论据要简洁明了，层次分明。最后， 对自己的观点要作出总结。
【点评】本篇条理清楚，要点全面，结构连贯。其句式上的变化既使得文章生动而流畅，也体现了作者驾驭句式的能力。例如：”支持“文章运用了宾语从句：we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. 定语从句：it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.等等。”反对“文章运用了”疑问词+不定式“结构， rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! 让步状语从句：while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.”等等。
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2014年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2014·江苏）Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A．though B．as C．since D．unless
【答案】A
【知识点】引导让步状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：虽然历史不可改变，但是吸取教训来面向未来。A. though“虽然，尽管”；B. as“正如”；C.since“自从”；D. unless“除非” 。根据句意判断可以知道前后句之间为转折关系，故用连词though连接。故A正确。
【点评】考查连词辨析，区分though，as，since，unless的含义以及引导的不同种类的状语从句，本题涉及though引导让步状语从句。
2．（2014·江苏）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A．which B．when C．as D．where
【答案】D
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。句中的先行词为work，在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故D正确。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
3．（2014·江苏）—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered
【答案】C
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意：——关于将在南京举办的青奥会你了解多少？——嗯，媒体已经用各种形式进行了报道。根据句意可以判定出，本题用现在完成时态，强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。故C正确。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及现在完成时的用法，其结构：have/has done,强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。
4．（2014·江苏）Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.
A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion
【答案】C
【知识点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意：汤姆早上总是慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持良好身体。A. in place“在适当的位置”；B. in order“按顺序”；C. in shape“处于良好状态，健康”；D. in fashion“流行，时兴”。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析，区分in place，in order，in shape，in fashion的含义。
5．（2014·江苏）Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A．chased B．registered C．offered D．compensated
【答案】A
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：来自大学的优秀毕业生被大公司所猎取。A. chase“追赶，追求”；B. register“登机，注册”；C. offer“提供”；D. compensate“补偿”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分chase，register，offer和 compensate的含义。
6．（2014·江苏）—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A．how B．what C．that D．who
【答案】B
【知识点】引导名词性从句的连词；表语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：——怎么这么乱啊！你总是这么懒！——我不应该受到责备，妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。本题考查的是表语从句，注意动词make后接双宾语，即make sb. sth.故用关系词what来引导。故B正确。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系代词what引导的表语从句。
7．（2014·江苏）She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statue
【答案】A
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。A. symbol“象征，标志”；B. portrait“肖像”；C. identity“身份，特征”；D. statue“塑像，雕像”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分symbol，portrait，identity以及statue的含义。
8．（2014·江苏）The idea “happiness, ” ________, will not sit still for easy definition.
A．to be rigid B．to be sure C．to be perfect D．to be fair
【答案】B
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析；形容词原级
【解析】【分析】句意：“幸福”的观念，可以肯定的说，并非一成不变的。A. rigid“严格的，刻板的”；B. sure“肯定的”；C. perfect“完美的”；D. fair“公正的，公平的”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分to be rigid，to be sure，to be perfect，to be fair的含义和用法。
9．（2014·江苏）The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
【答案】D
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。having been given则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。故D正确。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词的完成被动式，结构:having been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，且与逻辑主语是动宾关系。
10．（2014·江苏）—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I'll go right away and ________.
A．pay him back B．pay him off C．put him away D．put him off
【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：——爸爸，我认为奥利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。——我明白，我马上付清工资后解雇他。A. pay back“偿还，回报”；B. pay sb. off “付清工资后解雇(某)人”；C. put away“收拾，储存”；D. put off“推迟”.根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分pay back，pay sb. off ，put away，put off的含义。
11．（2014·江苏）It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A．might B．would C．should D．could
【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：他们，自己如此的贫困，竟然带食物给我，让我很难过。A. might“也许”；B. would“将”；C. should“竟然，居然”（用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等语气中）；D. could“能够”。根据句意，C正确。
【点评】考查情态动词辨析，区分might，would，should，could的含义和用法。
12．（2014·江苏）I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be ________ occupied.
A．also B．just C．nevertheless D．otherwise
【答案】D
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：在星期天我不能与你见面，否则我会很忙。A. also“也”；B. just“刚刚”；C. nevertheless“尽管如此”；D. otherwise“否则，在不同方面”。根据句意，选D。
【点评】考查副词辨析，区分also，just，nevertheless，otherwise的含义和用法。
13．（2014·江苏）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A．remember B．remind C．recover D．recall
【答案】D
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。A. remember“记得”，指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。；B. remind“使想起，提醒”；C. recover“使恢复”；D. recall“回忆”，多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。故D正确。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解，要求准确区分四个动词的含义和用法。
14．（2014·江苏）Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
【答案】C
【知识点】不定代词
【解析】【分析】句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。A. something“某事物”；B. anything“任何事物”；C. everything“一切”；D. nothing“没有什么”。故C正确。
【点评】考查代词用法，准确区分something、anything、everything和nothing的含义和使用环境。
15．（2014·江苏）—________ ! Somebody has left the lab door open.
—Don't look at me.
A．Dear me B．Hi, there C．Thank goodness D．Come on
【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——哎呀！有人离开实验室门还开着。——不要看着我。故A正确。A. dear me"哎呀（表示惊讶）"；B. Hi, there"嗨"；C. Thank goodness"谢天谢地"；D. come on"加油"。根据句意，可知选A。
【点评】考查交际用语。此题涉及表示“惊讶”的表达。
二、完形填空
16．（2014·江苏）完形填空
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first （1） back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an （2） , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the （3） at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done （4） his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities （5） he didn't have the time or the （6） . He had only one good suit. He tried （7） the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too （8） . During this period Dale was slowly （9） an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could （10） him from achieving his real potential. She （11） that Dale join the debating team, believing that （12） in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts （13） made it. This proved to be a （14） point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the （15） he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in （16） . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, （17） , were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to （18） his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to （19） an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, （20） it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.
（1）A．admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized
（2）A．assignment B．education C．advantage D．instruction
（3）A．training B．board C．teaching D．equipment
（4）A．between B．during C．over D．through
（5）A．while B．when C．because D．though
（6）A．permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes
（7）A．on B．for C．in D．with
（8）A．light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing
（9）A．gaining B．achieving C．developing D．obtaining
（10）A．prevent B．protect C．save D．free
（11）A．suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted
（12）A．presence B．practice C．patience D．potential
（13）A．hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally
（14）A．key B．breaking C．basic D．turning
（15）A．progress B．experience C．competence D．confidence
（16）A．horse-riding B．football C．speech D．farming
（17）A．in return B．in brief C．in turn D．in fact
（18）A．convey B．overcome C．understand D．build
（19）A．express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat
（20）A．besides B．beyond C．like D．with
【答案】（1）D；（2）B；（3）B；（4）A；（5）C；（6）D；（7）B；（8）A；（9）C；（10）A；（11）A；（12）B；（13）C；（14）D；（15）D；（16）C；（17）C；（18）B；（19）A；（20）D
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了戴尔·卡耐基从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉的经历。他从年轻时候的不自信，在他母亲的帮助下不断奋斗，最终成为最成功的演说家。
（1）考查动词。A. admitted“承认”；B. filled“装满”；C. supplied“提供”；D. recognized“认出，识别”。在1906年，当年轻的戴尔是沃伦斯堡州立师范学院三年级学生，他首次发现这种需要。故选D。
（2）考查名词。A. assignment“分配，任务”；B. education“教育”；C. advantage“优势‘；D. instruction”教学，说明“。这里指卡耐基要受到教育，他与许多困难作斗争。故选B。
（3）考查名词。A. training”训练'；B. board这里指“校车”；C. teaching"教学"；D. equipment"设备"。他的爸爸付不起上大学的校车费用，因此戴尔不得不骑马跑12英里去上课。故选B.
（4）考查介词。学习不得不在日常农活之间完成。故选A。
（5）考查连词。A. while“然而”；B. when“当……时候”；C. because“因为”；D. though“尽管”。他从许多学校活动撤走，因为他没有时间和衣服。故选C。
（6）考查名词。A. permits“允许”；B. interest“兴趣”；C. talent“才能”；D. clothes“衣服”。根据下文“He had only one good suit.”可以推测出这里用名词clothes。故选D。
（7）考查动词短语。try for“谋求，争取”；try on“试穿”；try in“试戴”。他想争取加入足球队，但教练拒绝了他。故选B。
（8）考查形容词。A. light“轻的”；B. flexible“灵活的”；C. optimistic“乐观的”；D. outgoing“外向的”。教练拒绝他的原因只可能是因为他体重太轻。故选A。
（9）考查动词。A. gaining“获得”；B. achieving“取得”；C. developing“形成”；D. obtaining“获得”。从语境可知，在这个时期，戴尔慢慢形成一种自卑感。故选C。
（10）考查动词。A. prevent“阻止”；B. protect“保护”；C. save“拯救”；D. free“释放”。prevent sb. from doing sth.固定短语“阻止某人做某事”。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选A。
（11）考查动词。A. suggested“建议”；B. demanded“要求”；C. required“要求”；D. insisted“坚持”。她建议戴尔加入辩论队。故选A。
（12）考查名词。A. presence“出现”；B. practice“练习”；C patience“耐心”；D. potential“潜能”。 她相信发言练习能够给他自信。故选B。
（13）考查副词。A. hopefully“有希望地”；B. certainly“当然，一定”；C. finally“最终”；D. naturally“自然地”。戴尔听从了他母亲的建议，不顾一切的尝试，几次尝试之后，最终成功了。故选C。
（14）考查形容词。A. key“关键的”；B. breaking“破裂的”；C. basic“基本的”；D. turning“转折”。从语境可知，这证明是他生命中的一个转折点。故选D。
（15）考查名词。A. progress“进步”；B. experience“经历”；C. competence“能力”；D. confidence“自信”。在人群面前演讲的确帮助他获得他需要的自信。故选D。
（16）考查名词。A. horse-riding“骑马”；B. football“足球”；C. speech“演讲”；D. farming“农业”。到戴尔是大四学生的时候，他赢得了演讲的每一个最高荣誉。故选C。
（17）考查固定短语。A. in return“作为回报”；B. in brief“简言之”；C in turn“轮流”；D. in fact“事实上”。 现在，其他学生都来向他寻求指导。而他们也依次赢得了竞赛。故选C。
（18）考查动词。A. convey“传达”；B. overcome“克服”；C. understand“理解”；D. build“建立”。出于这早期的努力使他克服了自卑感。故选B。
（19）考查动词。A. express“表达”；B. stress“强调”；C. contribute“贡献”；D. repeat“重复”。戴尔开始理解他向听众表达观念的能力建立了一个人的自信。故选A。
（20）考查介词短语。A. besides“除……之外”；B. beyond“超出'；C like”像“；D. with”随着“。 并且，拥有此，戴尔知道他能够做任何他想要做的事情——其他人也可以。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、介词、连词、形容词、副词、介词短语等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，覆盖面广，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
（1）Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs
A．It helped display their money status.
B．It was created by famous architects.
C．It was named after a famous institute.
D．It represented the 19th century urban culture.
（2）What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts
A．Its designs are anti-conventional.
B．Its designs come from famous structures.
C．Its customers can enjoy their own composition.
D．Its customers can choose from various new styles.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告，介绍了厨房设计的风格、设计的由来以及顾客可以加入自己的创新。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.“可以判断一代成功的美国企业家梦想新的风格的建造能够表达他们个人财富，即展示他们的金钱地位。故A正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen.“可知顾客也可以加入自己新的创新，从而可以分享到自己的成果。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据题干要求，选出正确答案。
18．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
（1）According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________.
A．making more money
B．taking more opportunities
C．reducing missed opportunities
D．weighing the choice of opportunities
（2）The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________.
A．spared for watching the match at home
B．taken to have dinner with friends
C．spent on the way to and from the match
D．saved from not going to watch the match
（3）What are forgone opportunities
A．Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D．Opportunities you make up for.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了不管我们多么的富有，在一天里我们不可能找到足够的时间做我们想要做的一切。因此，我们要放弃一些事情选择做更好的事情。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost“可知“机会成本”这个概念应用于衡量机会的选择方面。故D正确。
（2）考查词义推测。根据第三段中的”Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.“可知leftover … time所指的是“花在观看比赛（路上）来去的时间”。故C正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.“可以推测出forgone opportunities是指“所放弃用于更好的机会”。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和词义猜测两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
19．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
（1）The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A．usually has a biological basis
B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．influences one's thinking and evaluation
（2）What changes can be found in an angry brain
A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.
D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.
（3）Which of the following is typical of offensive anger
A．Approaching the source of anger.
B．Trying to control what is disliked.
C．Moving away from what is disliked.
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
（4）What is the key message of the last paragraph
A．How anger differs from other emotions.
B．How anger relates to other emotions.
C．Behavioural responses to anger.
D．Behavioural patterns of anger.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了生气在人大脑的额叶前部区域出现不平衡的图案以及不同的生气形式。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.“可以判断“决斗”的例子证明了生气的表情是社会和文化形成的。故C正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren't balances …“可以判断在生气的时候，大脑的额叶前部区域发现不平衡的图案。故B正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.“可知典型的攻击性的生气是主动接近令自己生气的人或处境。故A正确。
（4）考查段落大意。最后一段主要说明了offensive anger和defensive anger两种不同的生气形式，故其关键信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
20．（2014·江苏）阅读理解
（1）Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy
A．Her dream of being a mother came true.
B．She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C．She wrote the letter to her daughter.
D．Her female line was well linked.
（2）How does Mommy feel about her being given away
A．It is bitter and disappointing. B．It is painful but understandable.
C．She feels sorry but sympathetic. D．She feels hurt and angry.
（3）What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．I walked clumsily out of pains.
B．I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C．I was impatient out of fear.
D．I looked different from others.
（4）What can be inferred from Mommy's Anglo family life
A．She used to experience an identity crisis.
B．She fought against her American identity.
C．She forgot the pains of her early years.
D．She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
（5）Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming ”
A．To match her own birth-name.
B．To brighten the lives of the family.
C．To identify her with Chinese origin.
D．To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
（6）By “Your past is more complete than mine,” Mommy means ________.
A．her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming's
B．Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C．her mother didn't comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D．her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
（6）B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类
【解析】【分析】本文是妈妈写给女儿的一封信，作者回忆了自己小时候的经历，以及给女儿取名字的由来。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of other woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.“可知对作者来说，1990年6月6日这一天是一个特别的日子，是因为她的母系得到了很好的传承。故D正确。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二、三段作者的叙述可知作者母亲迫于无奈，不得不把她送到孤儿院。从作者描写的语气可以判断出对于她的被送走，她是痛苦的但又理解的。故B正确。
（3）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的”In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though.和Whether from jealousy or someone who looked so different“都可以判断出作者在那些孩子中看起来与其他人不同。故D正确。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.“可以判断作者过去经历了一次身份危机。故A正确。
（5）考查推理判断。根据文章第五、六、七段可知，作者自身经历了身份危机。因此，妈妈给女儿取名“少明”是为了让她女儿避免她小时候的困扰。故C正确。
（6）考查句义猜测。此句的字面含义为“你的过去比我更完整”。根据下文”and each day I cradle you in your babyhood, generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.“可以判断妈妈意味着她将给予更多的慈母般的爱和归属感。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和句义猜测三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理、概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
四、任务型阅读
21．（2014·江苏）请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
The expression, “everybody's doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you ” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩
【答案】feeling；influences；practical；unconsciously；individuals；moral；spirit；habits；independent；no
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，说明了我们在生活中都受到同辈压力的影响。然而同辈压力的影响有积极的，也有消极的。
（1）考查名词。根据第一段对“同辈压力”这一概念的解释可以归纳出the strong feeling强力的感觉。
（2）考查名词。根据第一段中的“It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.”注意用第三人称单数。
（3）考查形容词。根据第二段中的“There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.”可以归纳出答案。
（4）考查副词。根据第二段中讲述人生来是具有社会性动物，周围的人将无意识的影响一个人的生活。
（5）考查名词。根据第三段中的“For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction”可以归纳出答案。
（6）考查形容词。根据第三段中的“Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses”可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯罪和过度消费。
（7）考查名词。根据第四段中的“Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.”可以归纳出“团队精神”。
（8）考查名词。根据第四段中的“This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.”可以得出答案，注意用复数形式。
（9）考查形容词。根据最后一段中的“They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.”可以归纳出“孩子应当学会独立”。
（10）考查同义词。根据最后一段They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.中短语的“decline to”转换为短语“say no to”。
【点评】本题要求在准确理解所给阅读材料的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进行信息查找和信息概括，结合相关的词性变化以及近义词辨析，从而写出正确答案。
五、书面表达
22．（2014·江苏）请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.
The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.
[写作内容]
1）用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2）用约120个单词发表你的观点,
内容包括: (1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇; (2)用2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1）可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2）阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4）不必写标题。
[评分标准] 内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
【答案】支持: Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not. Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation “xinxi jishu.” In our global village, we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese. So, it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.反对: With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.” I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English. Just for one illustration, while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.” In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本书面表达是一篇议论文写作，要求考生首先用30个单词概括所给的文字，然后再给出自己的评判。不管考生是赞成还是反对哪一观点，都要提供足够的理由或者论据。首先，概括部分考查了学生的概括能力，学生再概括的时候要注意语言的精炼性，要点要齐全。其次，阐述的理由或论据要简洁明了，层次分明。最后， 对自己的观点要作出总结。
【点评】本篇条理清楚，要点全面，结构连贯。其句式上的变化既使得文章生动而流畅，也体现了作者驾驭句式的能力。例如：”支持“文章运用了宾语从句：we can see that it's not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. 定语从句：it's safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.等等。”反对“文章运用了”疑问词+不定式“结构， rules don't tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! 让步状语从句：while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.”等等。
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