2012年高考英语真题试卷（天津卷）

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2012年高考英语真题试卷（天津卷）
一、单项选择
1．—Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson
—__________. I can manage without you.
A．Forget it B．I'm afraid not
C．It depends D．Of course
【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：—— Mr. Johnson，明天我能请天假吗？——当然，没你也行。have a day off，“请一天假、休假一天”。根据“I can manage without you.（缺你也行）”可知同意对方请假。故选D。
【点评】考查交际用语，区分Forget it，I'm afraid not，It depends，Of course的用法和使用环境。
2．The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until 3 days later.
A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put
【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，所以选择A选项。
【点评】考查动词的时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态，结构：was/were done。
3．You were working too hard. You'd better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary
【答案】C
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你工作得太辛苦啦。你最好保持工作和休息的平衡点。A.promise"承诺，希望"；B.lead"领导，榜样"；C.balance"平衡"；D.diary"日记"。根据句意可知选择C项。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分promise，lead，balance，diary的含义。
4．The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A．Besides. B．However C．Therefore D．Instead
【答案】B
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：狗也许是老年人的好陪伴，然而需要带着狗去散步时也许有不便。前一句话有good，后面一句话有disadvantage，前后两句话有转折关系，所以选择however。
【点评】考查副词，区分Besides.，However，Therefore，Instead的含义和用法。
5．—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don't.
— _______. Confidence is really important.
A．It's not my cup of tea B．That's not the point
C．I don't think so D．I couldn't agree more
【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——你得相信自己。如果你不相信自己，没有人会相信你。——我非常赞成，信心真的很重要。依据答语第二句可知答话人非常同意对方的观点。I can't/couldn't agree more意为“我太同意你(的观点)了”。选D。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分It's not my cup of tea，That's not the point，I don't think so，I couldn't agree more的含义和使用环境。
6．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时；倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：仅仅在Mary第二次读完作文之后，她才注意到拼写错误。only放句首，后面跟状语，主句部分要用到部分倒装。根据语境理解，此句子应该用到过去时态，将助动词did倒装放前面。句故选A。
【点评】考查倒装句和动词时态，本题涉及“only+状语”位于句首的部分倒装句以及一般过去时。
7．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
【答案】B
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法；非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“……的”。考生容易误选C项，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help。若选C项的话，可去掉题干中的help。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。
8．It's quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．wouldn't
【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要打开暖气。A. couldn't"不能"；B.mustn't"禁止"；C.needn't"不必"；D.wouldn't"不会"。根据上文“这里相当暖和”可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气。故选C。
【点评】考查情态动词,区分 couldn't，mustn't，needn't，wouldn't的含义和用法。
9．It doesn't matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.
A．whether B．how C．if D．when
【答案】A
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。这是一个主语从句，it做形式主语。因为从句的部分是选择性的一般疑问句，所以选择whether，选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，以及whether引导的主语从句。
10．The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare C．public D．convenient
【答案】D
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：秘书为申请人参加面试安排了方便的时间和地点。A.important"重要的"；B.spare"多余的"； C.public"公众的"；D.convenient"方便的"。故选D。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分important，spare，public，convenient的含义。
11．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left
【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作结果状语。
12．The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer.
A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel
【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我们中的三个人去年夏天环欧洲旅行了大约一个月。根据时间状语“last summer”可知本句描述的是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。选A。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时的用法，描述的是过去发生的动作。
13．Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open B．narrow C．widen D．leave
【答案】B
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：家长和孩子应该多多交流，来缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能够更好的彼此理解。根据下文“so that they can understand each other better.”可知选“narrow”因此选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分open，narrow，widen，leave的含义和用法。
14．Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A．while B．when C．where D．though
【答案】C
【知识点】引导地点状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：毕业典礼所需要的东西都被放在了他想放的地方了。这是一个地点状语从句，故选C。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
15．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.
A．didn't offer B．wouldn't offer C．hasn't offered D．hadn't offered
【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：昨天如果哈罗德不主动开车送我们回家的话，我们就要打的了。would have done 表明是对过去的虚拟，所以条件句需要用had done。故选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气的条件句，本题涉及与过去的情况相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语动词用would/could/might have done ,从句的谓语动词用had done。
二、完形填空
16．完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a （1） rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew （2） I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion (钟爱) ever since— （3） the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my （4） .
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of （5） , like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It's （6） me why visitors started respecting the place （7） and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.
I tried （8） trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would （9） an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so （10） it that I decided something had to change.
As a rock-climbing guide, I knew （11） about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a （12） . On that day, more than 300 people （13） . Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to （14） . I couldn't believe the （15） we made —the park looked clean!
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and （16） 132 miles of roadway.
I often hear people （17） about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by （18） rather than complaining. We need to teach by （19） . You can't blame others （20） you start with yourself.
（1）A．distant B．huge C．narrow D．loose
（2）A．immediately B．finally C．gradually D．recently
（3）A．imagining B．painting C．describing D．climbing
（4）A．garden B．home C．lab D．palace
（5）A．material B．resources C．waste D．goods
（6）A．beyond B．against C．over D．within
（7）A．more B．most C．less D．least
（8）A．throwing away B．picking up C．breaking down D．digging out
（9）A．kill B．save C．wait D．spend
（10）A．satisfied with B．delighted in C．tired of D．used to
（11）A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
（12）A．cleanup B．party C．picnic D．concert
（13）A．dropped out B．showed up C．looked around D．called back
（14）A．demand B．receive C．accomplish D．overcome
（15）A．plan B．visit C．contact D．difference
（16）A．crossed B．measured C．covered D．designed
（17）A．talk B．complain C．argue D．quarrel
（18）A．doing B．thinking C．questioning D．watching
（19）A．method B．explanation C．example D．research
（20）A．although B．if C．when D．useless
【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）C；（8）B；（9）D；（10）C；（11）D；（12）A；（13）B；（14）C；（15）D；（16）C；（17）B；（18）A；（19）C；（20）D
【知识点】夹叙夹议；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者把Yosemite National Park当成自己的家，当看见里面有大量的垃圾的时候，开始是自己，后来是组织他人一起来清理，由此可见，改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。
（1）考查形容词。根据3300 feet 和 giant得知巨大的rock，所以选择huge。
（2）考查副词。根据句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我要攀登上去”选A项。
（3）考查动词。根据上文的climb，可知答案为D。
（4）考查名词。根据下文中的“treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.”中的home。可知答案为D。
（5）考查名词。根据”like toilet paper，beer cans，empty boxes“，知道是垃圾（废弃物），选择waste，A合语境。
（6）考查介词。句意：我不能理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方……。超越了我的理解，只有beyond可以表示这个含义。故选C。
（7）考查副词。根据上文得知，人们很少关心环境。故选C。
（8）考查动词短语。根据上文对游客丢垃圾的不解，于是自己尽力去捡垃圾。pick up”捡起“；throw away”扔掉“；break down”损坏“；dig out”挖掘“，故选A。
（9）考查动词。捡垃圾的工作量很大，作者往往要花费一两个小时去做。D合语境。
（10）考查固定短语。根据上文“only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.结果发现几个星期后这个地区又是满地垃圾”和下文“I decided something had to change.”我决定改变一些方法，推断作者对自己一个人捡垃圾已经感到力不从心即疲惫了。tired of“对……厌烦”；satisfied with“对……感到满意”；delighted in“以……为快乐”；used to“过去常常”。C合语境。
（11）考查不定代词。后文but说明前后是转折关系，后面说作者举办的活动很成功，那么前面应选择“nothing”说明作者不知道如何组织大型活动。B合语境。
（12）考查名词。根据下文“Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.”中的“cleanup”可以知道是“清扫”工作。故选C。（13）考查动词短语。根据下一句“Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.“三天时间我们清理了6,000磅的垃圾，可知“那天有300多人参加（出席）了这次活动”。 show up”出席“；drop out”离开”；look around“四下观望”；call back“回电话”。B合语境。
（14）考查动词。句意：“我们”能做完这么多工作真是令人惊讶。C合语境。
（15）考查动词。根据破折号后面的“the park looked clean!”可知，我们把公园里的垃圾捡完了，公园干净了，变得跟以前不一样了，作者难以置信。make difference“造成差别”。D合语境。
（16）考查动词。句意：就2007年一年，2,945 人捡起了42,330磅的垃圾，覆盖了132英里的路程。cover表示覆盖了132英里的路程。故选A。
（17）考查动词。根据18空后的“complaining”可知答案。句意：我常常听到人们抱怨他们周围的环境。故选B。
（18）考查动词。句意：改变事情的唯一方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。A合语境。
（19）考查名词。句意：我们需要榜样，榜样的力量是无穷的。by example“通过榜样”，C合语境。
（20）考查连词。句意：你不要责备别人，除非你以身作则，选择unless，D合语境。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词、副词、动词、名词、介词、动词短语、不定代词和连词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，难度较大，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．阅读理解
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
No bicycle registration—————————————————$25
Bicycle parking banned————————————————--$30
Blocking path with bicycle ———————————————$40
Violation of bicycle equipment requirement ————————-$35
（1）Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.
A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number
C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers
（2）According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders
A．Brakes. B．A helmet. C．A headlight. D．A taillight.
（3）When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ___________.
A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks
B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph
C．put the walkers' right of way first
D．call the police before leaving in a case of accident
（4）If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.
A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40
（5）What is the passage mainly about
A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus.
B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus.
C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus.
D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述在校园内骑自行车应该注意的一些事项。
（1）考查细节理解。根据“Bicycle Safety”部分中的“Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.”可知答案选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Equipment部分中” Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.“前车灯是一定要有的，至少能看见车前500英尺。装尾灯是个好主意而已，说明尾灯可有可无，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Rules of the Road部分中的“Always give the right of ways to walkers.”可知答案选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据If Things Go Wrong部分中的“Bicycle parking banned——————--$30”可知答案为B。
（5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述“在校园内骑自行车应该注意的一些事项”给以骑车人在校园内安全骑车的指南。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
18．阅读理解
Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.
Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.
Then Ms. Yates started to speak:
“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. Tee clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
（1）What activity was organized for the school reunion
A．Sightseeing in the park.
B．A picnic on the school playground.
C．Telling stories about past events.
D．Graduates' reports in the old building.
（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.
B．Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.
C．Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D．Most people had little interest in the reunion.
（3）We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she _____________.
A．kept track of her students' progress
B．gave her students advice on their careers
C．attended her students' college graduations
D．went to her students' wedding ceremonies
（4）What was Ms.Yates' belief in teaching teenagers
A．Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.
B．Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C．Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.
D．Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.
（5）Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates
A．Reliable and devoted. B．Tough and generous.
C．Proud but patient. D．Strict but caring.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
（5）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Barditch High School 组织教师学生重聚会，在聚会上Ms. Yates的一席发言打动了所有在场的人。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可以答案选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder“，说明这个老师对学生很严格，以及第二段前面所说学生看手表，找理由走开等等说明她并不是非常受学生的欢迎。故B正确。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.“可知这位老师记录自己学生取得的那些成就，故A正确。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me.”可知答案选C。
（5）考查推理判断。这位老师对学生非常严格，但是同时对学生取得进步也非常的高兴，说明D正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理，选出正确答案。
19．阅读理解
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind's eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Berninger's study published in 2009 ___________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences.
D．discussed the importance of writing speed.
（3）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（4）What does “mind's eye” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Window. B．Soul C．Picture. D．Imagination.
（5）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视。但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.“随着像电脑和智能手机的使用，书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西，可知答案为B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand.”Berninger和她的同事做了个研究，想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种写的任务的情况，可知答案为A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write.“在更近的一次研究中，Berninge想看看拼写在学生写作技巧中所发挥的什么作用，结果发现字写得好的孩子文章也写得好，可知答案为B。
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第五段可知：拼写帮助学生把想法转化为他们思想中的文字，再把思想中的文字转换到纸上，得知答案是imagination，不仅帮助孩子们把想法转化为文字，而且能发现拼写错误并改正它们。故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。首段说明随着新技术的到来，手写已经成为过去，之后文章中部提到手写的好处，最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
20．阅读理解
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
（1）What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．People and things around you. B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices. D．Victims and their sufferings.
（2）According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A．seem willing to experience failures in life
B．possess the ability to predict future life
C．handle ups and downs of life wisely
D．have potential to create something new
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C．Victims can influence more people than creators.
D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
（4）The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D．one's experiences determine his attitude toward life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To define victims and creators.
B．To evaluate victims against creators.
C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
（5）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
（1）考查推理判断。从下文叙述可知造成痛苦的是“yourself”或者是“they”，所以they与yourself相对，指除了自己以外的其他人或事。故A选项正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. ”可知他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. ”可推知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。
（4）考查推理判断。第四段中的“In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.”为主题句，此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。
（5）考查推理判断。本文讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点“you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. ”所以D选项正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理，选出正确答案。
四、阅读表达
21．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn't stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.
For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.
Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.
When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things—travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.
（1）What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games (No more than 5 words)
　 　
（2）What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean (1 word)
　 　
（3）What achievement did Nyad make in 1970 (No more than 10 words.)
　 　
（4）Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore (No more than 10 words)
　 　
（5）Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)
　 　
【答案】（1）A serious illness (did).
（2）Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
（3）She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women's record.Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women's record.Or: She set the women's record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
（4）Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
（5）I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文文，通过Diana Nyad的故事告诉我们一旦设定了目标，就应该努力去实现它。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. 可知答案是“A serious illness (did).”。
（2）考查词义猜测。：根据第一段中的“distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.”可知这是困难，挑战的意思，故填 Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. ”可知答案：She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women's record. Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women's record. Or: She set the women's record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. ”可知答案是Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task). Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
（5）考查概括归纳。从文章我们知道Nyad 是非常有决心和毅力的：I am encouraged by her determination and strong will. Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it. Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure. Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测和概括归纳三个题型的考查，要求考生在准确捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析，概括和归纳，从而写出正确的答案。
五、书面表达
22．假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
*提出邀请并简述原因；
*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）
*请求对方回复
注意：
1).请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；
2).可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3).开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers
天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you.
Yours,
Li Jin
【答案】Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th. It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it. As we all know, Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young person's moving love story. After watching it, shall we visit some places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lots of rich art will appeal to you enormously I would be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李津的身份给美国朋友Chris发一封电子邀请函，写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：
*提出邀请并简述原因；*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）*请求对方回复。写作时考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，使上下文更为紧凑、自然。
【点评】本文格式准确，包含所有要点，语言地道流畅，时态和人称运用准确无误。全文章中使用的高级句式较多，如定语从句A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th.；强调句型和原因状语从句结合使用： It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it.等等。
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2012年高考英语真题试卷（天津卷）
一、单项选择
1．—Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson
—__________. I can manage without you.
A．Forget it B．I'm afraid not
C．It depends D．Of course
2．The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until 3 days later.
A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put
3．You were working too hard. You'd better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary
4．The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A．Besides. B．However C．Therefore D．Instead
5．—You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don't.
— _______. Confidence is really important.
A．It's not my cup of tea B．That's not the point
C．I don't think so D．I couldn't agree more
6．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
7．I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
8．It's quite warm here; we __________turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．wouldn't
9．It doesn't matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.
A．whether B．how C．if D．when
10．The secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare C．public D．convenient
11．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.
A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left
12．The three of us __________around Europe for about a month last summer.
A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel
13．Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open B．narrow C．widen D．leave
14．Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A．while B．when C．where D．though
15．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.
A．didn't offer B．wouldn't offer C．hasn't offered D．hadn't offered
二、完形填空
16．完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a （1） rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew （2） I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion (钟爱) ever since— （3） the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my （4） .
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of （5） , like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It's （6） me why visitors started respecting the place （7） and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.
I tried （8） trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would （9） an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so （10） it that I decided something had to change.
As a rock-climbing guide, I knew （11） about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a （12） . On that day, more than 300 people （13） . Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to （14） . I couldn't believe the （15） we made —the park looked clean!
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and （16） 132 miles of roadway.
I often hear people （17） about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by （18） rather than complaining. We need to teach by （19） . You can't blame others （20） you start with yourself.
（1）A．distant B．huge C．narrow D．loose
（2）A．immediately B．finally C．gradually D．recently
（3）A．imagining B．painting C．describing D．climbing
（4）A．garden B．home C．lab D．palace
（5）A．material B．resources C．waste D．goods
（6）A．beyond B．against C．over D．within
（7）A．more B．most C．less D．least
（8）A．throwing away B．picking up C．breaking down D．digging out
（9）A．kill B．save C．wait D．spend
（10）A．satisfied with B．delighted in C．tired of D．used to
（11）A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
（12）A．cleanup B．party C．picnic D．concert
（13）A．dropped out B．showed up C．looked around D．called back
（14）A．demand B．receive C．accomplish D．overcome
（15）A．plan B．visit C．contact D．difference
（16）A．crossed B．measured C．covered D．designed
（17）A．talk B．complain C．argue D．quarrel
（18）A．doing B．thinking C．questioning D．watching
（19）A．method B．explanation C．example D．research
（20）A．although B．if C．when D．useless
三、阅读理解
17．阅读理解
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
No bicycle registration—————————————————$25
Bicycle parking banned————————————————--$30
Blocking path with bicycle ———————————————$40
Violation of bicycle equipment requirement ————————-$35
（1）Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.
A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number
C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers
（2）According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders
A．Brakes. B．A helmet. C．A headlight. D．A taillight.
（3）When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ___________.
A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks
B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph
C．put the walkers' right of way first
D．call the police before leaving in a case of accident
（4）If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.
A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40
（5）What is the passage mainly about
A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus.
B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus.
C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus.
D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.
18．阅读理解
Barditch High School decided to an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.
Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声)when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.
Then Ms. Yates started to speak:
“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in you chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. Tee clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
（1）What activity was organized for the school reunion
A．Sightseeing in the park.
B．A picnic on the school playground.
C．Telling stories about past events.
D．Graduates' reports in the old building.
（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.
B．Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.
C．Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D．Most people had little interest in the reunion.
（3）We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she _____________.
A．kept track of her students' progress
B．gave her students advice on their careers
C．attended her students' college graduations
D．went to her students' wedding ceremonies
（4）What was Ms.Yates' belief in teaching teenagers
A．Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.
B．Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C．Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.
D．Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.
（5）Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates
A．Reliable and devoted. B．Tough and generous.
C．Proud but patient. D．Strict but caring.
19．阅读理解
The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind's eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
（1）What makes writing by hand a thing of the past
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
（2）Berninger's study published in 2009 ___________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences.
D．discussed the importance of writing speed.
（3）Which of the following best shows the role of spelling
A．Spelling improves one's memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
（4）What does “mind's eye” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Window. B．Soul C．Picture. D．Imagination.
（5）What conclusion could be drawn from the passage
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.
20．阅读理解
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
（1）What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．People and things around you. B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices. D．Victims and their sufferings.
（2）According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A．seem willing to experience failures in life
B．possess the ability to predict future life
C．handle ups and downs of life wisely
D．have potential to create something new
（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C．Victims can influence more people than creators.
D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
（4）The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D．one's experiences determine his attitude toward life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To define victims and creators.
B．To evaluate victims against creators.
C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
四、阅读表达
21．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn't stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.
For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.
Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.
When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things—travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.
（1）What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games (No more than 5 words)
　 　
（2）What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean (1 word)
　 　
（3）What achievement did Nyad make in 1970 (No more than 10 words.)
　 　
（4）Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore (No more than 10 words)
　 　
（5）Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)
　 　
五、书面表达
22．假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
*提出邀请并简述原因；
*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）
*请求对方回复
注意：
1).请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；
2).可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3).开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
越剧：Shaoxing Opera 《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers
天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater
Dear Chris,
I have good news to tell you.
Yours,
Li Jin
答案解析部分
1．【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：—— Mr. Johnson，明天我能请天假吗？——当然，没你也行。have a day off，“请一天假、休假一天”。根据“I can manage without you.（缺你也行）”可知同意对方请假。故选D。
【点评】考查交际用语，区分Forget it，I'm afraid not，It depends，Of course的用法和使用环境。
2．【答案】A
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，所以选择A选项。
【点评】考查动词的时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态，结构：was/were done。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你工作得太辛苦啦。你最好保持工作和休息的平衡点。A.promise"承诺，希望"；B.lead"领导，榜样"；C.balance"平衡"；D.diary"日记"。根据句意可知选择C项。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分promise，lead，balance，diary的含义。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】副词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：狗也许是老年人的好陪伴，然而需要带着狗去散步时也许有不便。前一句话有good，后面一句话有disadvantage，前后两句话有转折关系，所以选择however。
【点评】考查副词，区分Besides.，However，Therefore，Instead的含义和用法。
5．【答案】D
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：——你得相信自己。如果你不相信自己，没有人会相信你。——我非常赞成，信心真的很重要。依据答语第二句可知答话人非常同意对方的观点。I can't/couldn't agree more意为“我太同意你(的观点)了”。选D。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分It's not my cup of tea，That's not the point，I don't think so，I couldn't agree more的含义和使用环境。
6．【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时；倒装句
【解析】【分析】句意：仅仅在Mary第二次读完作文之后，她才注意到拼写错误。only放句首，后面跟状语，主句部分要用到部分倒装。根据语境理解，此句子应该用到过去时态，将助动词did倒装放前面。句故选A。
【点评】考查倒装句和动词时态，本题涉及“only+状语”位于句首的部分倒装句以及一般过去时。
7．【答案】B
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法；非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。whose是关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“……的”。考生容易误选C项，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help。若选C项的话，可去掉题干中的help。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。
8．【答案】C
【知识点】情态动词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要打开暖气。A. couldn't"不能"；B.mustn't"禁止"；C.needn't"不必"；D.wouldn't"不会"。根据上文“这里相当暖和”可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气。故选C。
【点评】考查情态动词,区分 couldn't，mustn't，needn't，wouldn't的含义和用法。
9．【答案】A
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。这是一个主语从句，it做形式主语。因为从句的部分是选择性的一般疑问句，所以选择whether，选A。
【点评】考查名词性从句，以及whether引导的主语从句。
10．【答案】D
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：秘书为申请人参加面试安排了方便的时间和地点。A.important"重要的"；B.spare"多余的"； C.public"公众的"；D.convenient"方便的"。故选D。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分important，spare，public，convenient的含义。
11．【答案】C
【知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】【分析】句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作结果状语。
12．【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：我们中的三个人去年夏天环欧洲旅行了大约一个月。根据时间状语“last summer”可知本句描述的是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。选A。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时的用法，描述的是过去发生的动作。
13．【答案】B
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：家长和孩子应该多多交流，来缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能够更好的彼此理解。根据下文“so that they can understand each other better.”可知选“narrow”因此选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分open，narrow，widen，leave的含义和用法。
14．【答案】C
【知识点】引导地点状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意：毕业典礼所需要的东西都被放在了他想放的地方了。这是一个地点状语从句，故选C。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。
15．【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意：昨天如果哈罗德不主动开车送我们回家的话，我们就要打的了。would have done 表明是对过去的虚拟，所以条件句需要用had done。故选D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气的条件句，本题涉及与过去的情况相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语动词用would/could/might have done ,从句的谓语动词用had done。
16．【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）C；（8）B；（9）D；（10）C；（11）D；（12）A；（13）B；（14）C；（15）D；（16）C；（17）B；（18）A；（19）C；（20）D
【知识点】夹叙夹议；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者把Yosemite National Park当成自己的家，当看见里面有大量的垃圾的时候，开始是自己，后来是组织他人一起来清理，由此可见，改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。
（1）考查形容词。根据3300 feet 和 giant得知巨大的rock，所以选择huge。
（2）考查副词。根据句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我要攀登上去”选A项。
（3）考查动词。根据上文的climb，可知答案为D。
（4）考查名词。根据下文中的“treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.”中的home。可知答案为D。
（5）考查名词。根据”like toilet paper，beer cans，empty boxes“，知道是垃圾（废弃物），选择waste，A合语境。
（6）考查介词。句意：我不能理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方……。超越了我的理解，只有beyond可以表示这个含义。故选C。
（7）考查副词。根据上文得知，人们很少关心环境。故选C。
（8）考查动词短语。根据上文对游客丢垃圾的不解，于是自己尽力去捡垃圾。pick up”捡起“；throw away”扔掉“；break down”损坏“；dig out”挖掘“，故选A。
（9）考查动词。捡垃圾的工作量很大，作者往往要花费一两个小时去做。D合语境。
（10）考查固定短语。根据上文“only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.结果发现几个星期后这个地区又是满地垃圾”和下文“I decided something had to change.”我决定改变一些方法，推断作者对自己一个人捡垃圾已经感到力不从心即疲惫了。tired of“对……厌烦”；satisfied with“对……感到满意”；delighted in“以……为快乐”；used to“过去常常”。C合语境。
（11）考查不定代词。后文but说明前后是转折关系，后面说作者举办的活动很成功，那么前面应选择“nothing”说明作者不知道如何组织大型活动。B合语境。
（12）考查名词。根据下文“Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.”中的“cleanup”可以知道是“清扫”工作。故选C。（13）考查动词短语。根据下一句“Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.“三天时间我们清理了6,000磅的垃圾，可知“那天有300多人参加（出席）了这次活动”。 show up”出席“；drop out”离开”；look around“四下观望”；call back“回电话”。B合语境。
（14）考查动词。句意：“我们”能做完这么多工作真是令人惊讶。C合语境。
（15）考查动词。根据破折号后面的“the park looked clean!”可知，我们把公园里的垃圾捡完了，公园干净了，变得跟以前不一样了，作者难以置信。make difference“造成差别”。D合语境。
（16）考查动词。句意：就2007年一年，2,945 人捡起了42,330磅的垃圾，覆盖了132英里的路程。cover表示覆盖了132英里的路程。故选A。
（17）考查动词。根据18空后的“complaining”可知答案。句意：我常常听到人们抱怨他们周围的环境。故选B。
（18）考查动词。句意：改变事情的唯一方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。A合语境。
（19）考查名词。句意：我们需要榜样，榜样的力量是无穷的。by example“通过榜样”，C合语境。
（20）考查连词。句意：你不要责备别人，除非你以身作则，选择unless，D合语境。
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词、副词、动词、名词、介词、动词短语、不定代词和连词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，难度较大，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述在校园内骑自行车应该注意的一些事项。
（1）考查细节理解。根据“Bicycle Safety”部分中的“Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.”可知答案选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Equipment部分中” Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.“前车灯是一定要有的，至少能看见车前500英尺。装尾灯是个好主意而已，说明尾灯可有可无，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Rules of the Road部分中的“Always give the right of ways to walkers.”可知答案选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据If Things Go Wrong部分中的“Bicycle parking banned——————--$30”可知答案为B。
（5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述“在校园内骑自行车应该注意的一些事项”给以骑车人在校园内安全骑车的指南。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
（5）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Barditch High School 组织教师学生重聚会，在聚会上Ms. Yates的一席发言打动了所有在场的人。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可以答案选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder“，说明这个老师对学生很严格，以及第二段前面所说学生看手表，找理由走开等等说明她并不是非常受学生的欢迎。故B正确。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.“可知这位老师记录自己学生取得的那些成就，故A正确。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me.”可知答案选C。
（5）考查推理判断。这位老师对学生非常严格，但是同时对学生取得进步也非常的高兴，说明D正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理，选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视。但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.“随着像电脑和智能手机的使用，书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西，可知答案为B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks—both on a computer and by hand.”Berninger和她的同事做了个研究，想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种写的任务的情况，可知答案为A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write.“在更近的一次研究中，Berninge想看看拼写在学生写作技巧中所发挥的什么作用，结果发现字写得好的孩子文章也写得好，可知答案为B。
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第五段可知：拼写帮助学生把想法转化为他们思想中的文字，再把思想中的文字转换到纸上，得知答案是imagination，不仅帮助孩子们把想法转化为文字，而且能发现拼写错误并改正它们。故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。首段说明随着新技术的到来，手写已经成为过去，之后文章中部提到手写的好处，最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
20．【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
（5）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。
（1）考查推理判断。从下文叙述可知造成痛苦的是“yourself”或者是“they”，所以they与yourself相对，指除了自己以外的其他人或事。故A选项正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. ”可知他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. ”可推知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。
（4）考查推理判断。第四段中的“In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.”为主题句，此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。
（5）考查推理判断。本文讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点“you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. ”所以D选项正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，通过上下文的逻辑关系，进一步分析、推理，选出正确答案。
21．【答案】（1）A serious illness (did).
（2）Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
（3）She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women's record.Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women's record.Or: She set the women's record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
（4）Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
（5）I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文文，通过Diana Nyad的故事告诉我们一旦设定了目标，就应该努力去实现它。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. 可知答案是“A serious illness (did).”。
（2）考查词义猜测。：根据第一段中的“distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.”可知这是困难，挑战的意思，故填 Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. ”可知答案：She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women's record. Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women's record. Or: She set the women's record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. ”可知答案是Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task). Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.
（5）考查概括归纳。从文章我们知道Nyad 是非常有决心和毅力的：I am encouraged by her determination and strong will. Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it. Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure. Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测和概括归纳三个题型的考查，要求考生在准确捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进一步进行分析，概括和归纳，从而写出正确的答案。
22．【答案】Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th. It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it. As we all know, Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young person's moving love story. After watching it, shall we visit some places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lots of rich art will appeal to you enormously I would be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李津的身份给美国朋友Chris发一封电子邀请函，写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：
*提出邀请并简述原因；*提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）*请求对方回复。写作时考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，使上下文更为紧凑、自然。
【点评】本文格式准确，包含所有要点，语言地道流畅，时态和人称运用准确无误。全文章中使用的高级句式较多，如定语从句A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th.；强调句型和原因状语从句结合使用： It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it.等等。
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