2012年中考英语一轮复习7B Unit4讲解

第10课时－Unit 4 Amazing things, 7B
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. a UFO一个不明飞行物, UFO全写为Unidentified Flying Object, UFO的复数为UFOs (p60)
2. sleep with their eyes open睁眼睡觉→介词短语with eyes open作伴随状态 (p61)
【知识链接】with sth＋介词短语或形容词，作伴随状态。e.g. ①He sleeps with windows closed. ②Miss Yang came in with a big smile on her face.
3. sneeze and keep your eyes open at the same time打喷嚏时睁着眼睛
【知识链接】keep sth＋形容词，形容词作宾语补足语，e.g. keep the room clean and tidy
【用法拓展】形容词作宾补有：make＋宾语＋形容词，find＋宾语＋形容词，think＋宾语＋形容词。e.g. ①What makes you happy ②We find English useful. ③We think it important to do the job.
4. walk on tiptoe用脚尖走路→on tiptoe用脚尖，on foot步行。注意此处这两个名词不能用复数。
5. one Sunday morning一个星期天的早晨，one…在时间状语中，前面不能加介词。 (p62)
6. as usual像往常一样→than usual比往常更…(这两个短语不能用usually)
【知识链接】usual→usually，usual→反义词unusual，usually→反义词unusually e.g. ①This morning she got up early as usual. ②This morning he got up earlier than usual.
7. hear a whisper from the bushes behind the tree听到树后灌木丛传来低语声
【知识链接】⑴whisper ⑴vi.低语 e.g. She whispered in his ears. ⑵n.低语＝a soft noise (常用复数whispers) e.g. They were talking in whispers. ⑵from the bushes 从灌木丛→in the bushes在灌木丛中
8. search carefully仔细搜索
【知识链接】search ⑴vt.搜查；搜身，e.g. search sp搜查某地，search sb搜某人的身。注意：search for sb寻找某人。e.g. ①The police searched his house.警察搜查他的房子。②search …for…搜查某地或某人的身来寻找… e.g. They searched the house for the thief. ⑵vi. 搜寻；寻找，search for…＝look for…，e.g. She searched for her lost key.
9. make a sound like a whisper＝sound like a whisper听起来像低语声
10. later that day那天晚些时候→ later稍后，later on以后，latest最新的，lately最近；近来
【知识链接】⑴See you later.回头见；回见 ⑵I’ll explain it to you later on.待会儿我将向你说明。⑶最近；近来：①lately用于否定句、疑问句中 ②recently用于肯定句中。lately和recently都常用于现在完成时中，e.g. I haven’t heard from him lately. I've only recently started learning French.
11. take care of＝look after照顾、照料某人；保管某物
【知识链接】take good care of＝look after…well好好照顾某人，保管好某物
【用法拓展】被动语态be taken good care of，be looked after well，记住：不能丢掉介词of, after
12. the following day＝the next day第二天 →the following…＝the next…接着的…，第二…
13. be/feel frightened of＝be/feel afraid of＝be scared of害怕…，后接名词、代词或动名词。
【知识链接】⑴a little afraid有点害怕 ⑵frighten vt.吓唬，Don’t frighten her. She is just a child.
14. kick a stone or a can踢石头或罐头 (p65)
15. very few+名词复数，很少→very little+不可数名词，很少，She hates bananas. She eats very few of them.
【知识链接】→just a few只有/只要几个，just a little只有/只要一点, 没有very a few, very a little
16. take photos拍照 →take a photo拍照→take a photo of sb给某人拍照 (p67)
17. live up to 150 years old活到150岁→live up to…活到…岁 (p70)
18. smell things as well as dogs can嗅觉和狗一样灵敏 → as well as sb can和…一样好
【知识链接】as＋形容词或副词原级＋as sb can/could＝as＋形容词或副词原级＋as possible, 尽某人所能…；尽可能…，e.g. ①Please speak English as much as you can. ②The flowers should be watered as often as possible.
19. write a thank-you letter to…给某人写感谢信→write a congratulation letter to...写祝贺信给…
20. remember your words about tortoises → remember sb’s words about…记得某人说的…的话
21. decide to do sth＝make a decision to do sth＝make up one’s mind(s) to do sth决定做某事 (p72)
【知识链接】We decided to go there again next time.＝We made up our minds to go there again next time.
22. eat it as dinner把它当饭吃，as当作；作为→Don’t treat him as a child.别把他当作小孩儿。
23. name the food after the man以这个人的名字给该食品命名 (p73)
【知识链接】name…after…以…给…命名，e.g. People named the school after the hero.
【用法拓展】a boy called/named Tom一个叫汤姆的男孩
24. dresses made of silk and cotton丝绸和棉布做的衣服，过去分词短语作后置定语。(p75)
25. enjoy the visit to the museum →visit vt.访问；参观，(灾害、疾病)侵袭 n.访问；参观
【知识链接】⑴作动词时直接加宾语，e.g. ①I visited him the other day. ②The typhoon visited Taiwan.
⑵作名词时，其后加to。 ①the visit to…到…的参观 ②be on a visit to…参观…；游览…③pay a visit to sb＝pay sb a visit拜访某人 ⑶visiting card名片 ⑷visitor n.来访者；观光者；游客→复数visitors
二．【百里挑一词汇】
1. strange＝unusual不寻常的→stranger陌生人
2. “喜欢”的不同表达：①be crazy about＋名词/代词/动名词，对…着迷/痴迷 ②love to do, love doing喜爱做某事 ③be fond of＋名词/代词/动名词，爱好… ④like to do, like doing, 喜欢做某事 ⑤dislike to do, dislike doing不喜欢做某事 ⑥hate to do, hate doing讨厌做某事
3. hard-working勤勉的，勤奋的→反义词：lazy懒惰的
4. poison n.毒；毒素→poisonous adj.有毒的，e.g. ①Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison. ②poisonous gas有毒气体，名词变为形容词的类似结构：danger →dangerous, humour →humorous, fame →famous
5. colour TV set彩电，black-and-white TV set黑白电视机
6. invent vt.发明；创造→invention n.发明物；创造物(复数inventions) →inventor n.发明家
7. during ⑴prep.在…期间，只能接短语，不能接句子；e.g. ①I visited London Tower during my stay in Britain. ②during the 1990s ③during the winter ④during one’s lifetime在某人的一生中
⑵during表示发生的时间，for则回答how long的问题。e.g. She stayed in New York for a week.不作She stayed in New York during a week.
三.【五星必背句型】
1. It’s just a plane. It’s only the light on the plane. (p60)
【知识链接】only＝just仅仅，e.g. just/only a little只有一点，only/just a few只有几个
2. The world is full of amazing things. 世界充满了奇妙的事物。
【知识链接】⑴amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊讶→amazing＝surprising令人惊讶的→amazed＝surprised感到惊讶的→be amazed at sth对某事感到惊讶→in amazement惊奇地e.g. The amazing news amazed us.＝We were amazed at the amazing news.
⑵be full of…＝be filled with…充满…，e.g. a basket full of flowers满满一篮子花 (注意：fill…with…)
【用法拓展】⑴fill vt.充满，装满fill…with…把…装满…，e.g. fill the bottle with water
⑵full吃饱的→反义词hungry，e.g. I’m full. I’m not hungry.
3. It takes about three days to travel from Earth to the moon by spaceship. (p61)
【知识链接】It takes/took/will take sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间做某事。Earth＝the earth地球，类似的天体有the sun, the moon, the universe。
4. There is no plant life without lightning.没有闪电就没有植物。
【知识链接】without prep.无；没有；不 ⑴without引导的介词短语在句中作状语，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。e.g. ①We can’t live without air or water. =We can’t live if there is no air or water. ②without anything＝with nothing ⑵有…, 带有, 和…在一起，with短语在句中作伴随状语，强调在谓语动作发生的同时，伴随发生的另一种行为。e.g. ①With these words, he left the room.说着这些话，他离开了房间。②He left without saying anything.
5. —Isn’t that interesting —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. → 注意否定疑问句的肯定、否定回答与汉语的不同。
6. They turned around but could not see anything usual. (p62)
【知识链接】⑴turn around ①＝turn about向后转 ②环绕 e.g. The earth turns around the sun.
⑵not anything＝nothing，形容词usual修饰不定代词时后置，即：不定代词＋形容词。
7. They listened very carefully and heard the strange noise again. 注意连词and的使用。
【知识链接】listen表示“听”的动作，hear表示“听”的结果。He listened but could hear nothing.
【用法拓展】look for表示“找”的动作，寻找；find表示“找”的结果，找到。
8. What happened →What will happen →What is happening →What has happened
【知识链接】⑴happen to sb发生在某人身上，What happened to sb 某人怎么了？某人出了什么事？注意：不能说成What did sb happen e.g. ①There was a loud noise in your room last night. What happened to you ②Anything could happen to her at that moment.
⑵happen to do sth碰巧做某事e.g. I happened to be out when you rang.
9. He practises it even when it rains. →⑴even甚至 ⑵even＋比较级，even harder更努力 (p65)
10. Eddie hates waking up early. He barks at anyone who wakes him up before 11 o’clock.
【知识链接】⑴wake up醒来，不接宾语，e.g. My mother usually wakes up early. ⑵wake…up叫醒…，属于“动词＋副词”结构 e.g. ①wake him up (不能说wake up him) ②wake up the boy＝wake the boy up
11. When we got to the museum, the guide gave us an introduction. We found it very interesting.
【知识链接】⑴introduce →introduce A to B把A介绍给B，introduce oneself to sb向某人做自我介绍e.g. ①Can I introduce myself to you ②May I introduce my first guest on the show tonight. ⑵introduction n.介绍，引见；序言，前言，e.g. ①a letter of introduction介绍信 ②The book has an excellent introduction and notes.该书有精彩前言和注释。
12. Were you tired after the visit No, I wasn’t. I was very excited to see so many amazing things.
13. However, scientists believe they were not the first animals on Earth. (p69)
【知识链接】⑴however adv.然而，其后加“逗号”，可置于句首或句中，如：We thought the results were correct. However, we have now discovered some mistakes. 『比较』but连词，但是，连接并列句，如：He is very young, but he knows a lot about history. ⑵believe＝think认为，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。⑶the first第一个人或物，e.g. Sam was the first to arrive.
14. Some dinosaurs ate plants and others ate meat, but they didn’t eat grass. (p69)
【知识链接】⑴Some…other/others…一些…其他的…⑵Some…, some…, others….一些…一些…其他的…
15. They all lived on land. →on land在陆地上，e.g. What is the biggest animal on land
【知识链接】⑴all作副词时，通常放在动词be之后，行为动词之前。⑵all作代词时，常用作all of＋名词复数/us/you/them。⑶all表示两者以上都，both表示两者都。
16. Thank you for your help.＝Thanks for your help.＝Thank you for helping me. (p71)
【知识链接】⑴Thank sb for sth.因某事而感谢某人。⑵Thank sb for doing sth.感谢某人做某事。
17. It says that goldfish can only remember things for three seconds. It says that we eat about 27,000 kilos of food during our lives. That’s the weight of about six elephants.
【知识链接】⑴It says that＋陈述句.＝It is said that＋陈述句. 据说…。
⑵during one’s life/lives在某人的一生中→during one’s lifetime，e.g. During her lifetime, Hepburn earned four more Oscar nominations.
⑶weigh vi.重→weight n.重量，e.g.
①—How much do you weigh —I weigh 120 pounds.
②How much do you weigh ＝What is your weight 你多重？
18. Is there anything about animals in the book →in the book在书上，指书里的内容，不能用on。
19. The tallest man weighed 222.71 kg when he was 21.→ the tallest man in history史上最高的人
【知识链接】when sb was…(years old)＝at the age of…在…岁时， 请做题：每空填写一词
He could swim when he was 8.＝He could swim of 8.
20. Once there was a man called Sandwich. →once从前；曾经，用于一般过去时。 (p74)
【知识链接】once或once upon a time意思是“从前”，故事的开头语。e.g. Once there was a giant.
【用法拓展】⑴once一次/一倍，twice两次/两倍，three times三次/三倍，four times四次/四倍，many times许多次/许多倍 ⑵once more＝once again再一次，e.g. ①Write it once again. ②Yesterday once more.昨日重现；昔日重来 ⑶①at once＝right away＝immediately立刻；马上 ②all at once＝suddenly突然
四.【中考无敌语法】一般过去时
㈠一般过去时的构成
⒈含行为动词的一般过去时的构成
肯定式 主语＋过去式 否定式 主语＋did not＋动词原形
疑问式 Did＋主语＋动词原形 否定疑问式 Didn’t＋主语＋动词原形
⒉含动词be的一般过去时的构成
肯定式 主语＋was/were 否定式 主语＋was/were not
疑问式 Was/Were＋主语 否定疑问式 Wasn’t/Weren’t＋主语
⒊过去式的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式：
⑴规则变化分为四种：注意词尾-ed的发音有三种。
规 则 例 词
直接加-ed walk →walked, play →played
以e结尾的加-d live →lived, use →used, die →died, complete →completed
辅音字母＋y结尾的－y＋ied cry →cried, carry →carried, study →studied, worry →worried
重读闭音节,双写尾字母加-ed plan →planned, stop →stopped, prefer →preferred, chat →chatted
⑵不规则变化：See 7B教材附录：不规则动词的过去式
㈡一般过去时的用法
⒈表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
yesterday, last night, this morning, in 2000。
⒉表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。这经常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。e.g.
She always wanted to be an actress.
⒊在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。e.g.
①They planned to go outing if it was fine the next day.
②Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came back.
⒋在由before, after, as soon as等连词引导的从句中，当从句的动作与主句的动作前后紧接时，可用一般过去时取代过去完成时，即两动作都用一般过去时。e.g.
After I finished my work, I sat down to read the newspaper.干完活后我就坐下来看报纸。
⒌当谈及过去一系列平行动作时，可都用一般过去时同时表示“同时”或“先后”。e.g.
①She ran to the bed, picked up her baby in her arms.
②He ran out and shut the door.
⒍在谈论去世的人物时，用一般过去时侧重当时的情况；用一般现在时侧重对现在的影响。
①Lu Xun was a great writer.
②Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians in Germany.