2012年中考英语一轮复习7B Unit5讲解
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第11课时－Unit 5 Abilities, 7B
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. be careful＝take care＝look out当心；小心 (p76)
2. clean up the park打扫公园，give a seat to someone on the bus在公交车上给人让座，collect things for Project Hope为希望工程筹集物资，visit a home for the elderly参观老年之家
3. help his neighbour out of a fire帮助他的邻居从火灾中出来→help sb out of…帮助某人脱离...
4. be at home alone独自在家，see a lot of smoke from next door看到隔壁冒浓烟 (p78)
5. the 79-year-old Mrs Sun 79岁的孙太太，注意此处不能用a/an代替定冠词the。
【知识链接】基数词－名词单数－形容词，作定语修饰名词，如：an eleven-year-old boy
6. pour water over his jacket向他的茄克上倒水→pour…over…向…上倒…；把…倒在…上
【知识链接】pour ⑴vt.倾倒Don’t pour waste water into the river. ⑵vt.倒 pour sb sth＝pour sth for sb 给某人倒…e.g. I’ve poured you a cup of tea.＝I’ve poured a cup of tea for you.我给你倒了一杯茶。⑶vi.下大雨It’s pouring outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。
7. be in hospital for two months住院两个月→be/stay in hospital住院, be in the hospital在医院里
8. keep long hair away from fire让长发远离火→keep…away from…让…远离… (p80)
【知识链接】Something must be done to keep children away from Internet bars.
9. recommend Daniel for the Most Helpful Student Award推荐丹尼尔为最助人为乐学生奖得主
【知识链接】⑴recommend sb for sth推荐某人获得… e.g. She was recommended for the award by the audience. ⑵recommend sb as…推荐某人为… e.g. We recommended David as the new chairperson of the Students’ Union. ⑶recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推荐某人或某物 e.g. He recommended the new book to his friends.
10. always think of others first总是先想到别人→ think of…想到，想起 (p81)
【知识链接】He always thinks more of others than of himself.他总是为别人着想。
11. do a lot of computer work for the club为俱乐部做许多计算机方面的工作，play water sports进行水上运动，fall down摔倒，run up跑上前，have/get the award获奖
12. be grateful for sth对某事感激 (注意grateful常被误写为greatful)
【知识链接】grateful＝thankful感激的，可作定语或表语。The thankful mother thanked him.
13. row a boat＝go rowing划船→go＋v-ing去做某事 (p82)
14. forget to bring a football →forget to do sth忘记要做某事, forget doing sth忘记做过某事(p84)
【知识链接】don’t forget/remember to do sth记住要做某事, remember doing sth记得做过某事。请做题：
①I’ll never forget (hear) this piece of music for the first time.
②I wanted to call her, but I forgot (ask) her for her phone number.
③—Why didn’t you go to Amy’s birthday party —Oh, sorry, I (forget).
【用法拓展】⑴forgetful adj.健忘的 ⑵forgettable adj.易被忘记的→unforgettable adj.难忘的
15. have a good memory记性好→have a bad memory记性差，be good at writing写作好；擅长写作→be good at…→be weak at…，this term这学期→last term上学期，read English and use English more often多读、多用英语，know a lot about Chinese history对中国历史了解许多，do/try one’s best (to do sth)尽力(做某事)，have good grades in…在某方面取得好成绩，get better results in…在某方面取得更好的成绩，jump high跳得高，get into the school team进入校队，That’s OK.没关系；不用谢。Never mind.不要紧；没关系。No problem.没问题。(p86－p87)
16. parents’ meeting家长会→have a parents’ meeting开家长会，注意parents’使用复数的所有格。
17. do more exercises多做习题，listen and speak more多听、多说，repeat after the teacher跟老师读，need more practice需要多练习，work out some outlines first先列出一些提纲 (p88)
18. tell their differences说出它们的区别→different不同的→difference不同；差异→differences
【知识链接】Please find out the differences between the two pictures.请找出这两幅画的差异。
【用法拓展】tell vt.区分→tell A from B，“区分A和B”，e.g. I can’t tell the sheep from the goat.
19. get/have an award获奖，yours faithfully你忠实的＝yours sincerely你真诚的(用于书信结尾)
20. look forward to hearing from you soon →look forward to sth/doing sth期待某事/做某事
【知识链接】hear from sb＝receive/get a letter from sb＝receive sb’s letter收到某人的信
二．【百里挑一词汇】
1. able →ability →abilities →have the ability to do sth有做某事的能力 e.g. People have different abilities.
2. alone＝by oneself＝on one’s own单独；独自
3. host男主持→hostess女主持人→airhostess空姐，类似的有waiter →waitress，actor →actress
4. 写出下列形容词的反义词：①helpful ②brave ③kind
④careful ⑤polite ⑥grateful ⑦quick ⑧happy
5. likely adj.可能的，表示有发生的可能性，常用于：①Sb be likely to do sth.某人可能做某事②It is likely that sb will do sth.可能某人将做某事。 e.g. ①She is likely to succeed. ＝It is likely that she will succeed. 她可能会成功。②It is likely to rain.似乎要下雨了。
三.【五星必背句型】
1. Then he rushed into Mrs Sun’s kitchen to save her. There was a lot of smoke and the fire was very hot.
他冲进孙太太的厨房去救她。动词不定式短语to save her表目的。 (p78)
2. He put out the fire with a blanket and helped Mrs Sun out. 注意该句中put和helped的时态。
【知识链接】put out the fire灭火，put …out扑灭，属于“动词＋副词”，以下也是动词＋副词结构。
【用法拓展】⑴put up ①张贴→put up a poster贴海报②举起put up your hands举手⑵put away，e.g. put it/them away ⑶put off推迟；拖延 ⑷put on穿上 ⑸put down放下 ⑹put in…插入, put in the CD ⑺put…into…把…放入/投入…中，e.g. ①Do not put anything hot into the rubbish bin. ②Hepburn had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry.
3. Many people visited him and brought him flowers and presents. →bring带来，bring sb sth＝bring sth to sb
4. It’s important to be careful with fire.小心用火十分重要。
【知识链接】⑴be careful with/of/about…小心；注意；谨慎 e.g.
①Be careful with the traffic. 小心车辆。②Be careful with matches.小心使用火柴。
⑵be careful (not) to do sth必须注意(不)做某事，e.g. Be careful not to be late.
⑶careful→careless, careful→carefully, careless→carelessly, careless→carelessness n.粗心
⑷careful/carefully→more careful/carefully, careless/carelessly→more careless/carelessly
5. Thank you for joining us this evening, Zhanghua.谢谢你今晚参加我们的节目。 (p79)
6. Did you do anything to keep yourself safe 你采取措施保护自己安全了吗？
【知识链接】⑴do something to do sth采取措施做某事→sth must be done to do sth必须采取措施做某事
⑵keep＋宾语＋形容词，形容词作宾补。e.g. keep the classroom clean保持教室清洁
7. First, he heard his neighbour, Mrs Sun, calling for help.首先他听到他的邻居孙太太呼救。(p80)
【知识链接】⑴hear sb doing sth听到某人在做某事 e.g. She heard someone singing in the next room at seven last night.注意：at seven last night限定了该句必须使用singing。⑵听到某人做了某事或经常听到某人做某事，e.g. I often hear her sing in the next room.注意此处的often限定sing。
8. Is he getting better now 他现在好些了吗？→相似的有：Are you feeling better now (p80)
9. —I’m very happy that he is well now. —Me too. →Me too.我也如此。注意：此处不能用I代替Me。
【知识链接】well健康的→反义词sick, ill e.g. ①—How are you —Quite well, thank you. ②You look well.你气色很好。③He will get well soon.他很快就会康复的。
【用法拓展】well作副词时，意思是“好”，常见的含well的合成词：well-known著名的，well-dressed穿着入时的，well-read博学的，well-behaved行为端正的，well-to-do富裕的
10. I would like to recommend Daniel for this year’s Youth Award. (p89)
11. Daniel is thoughtful and thinks carefully when he works. He plans everything well and works well in a team. He looks after our children’s group on Sundays and all the children like him.
12. Last week, a 5-year-old boy lost his way and cried in the street. Daniel was on his way to the club. He took him to the police station. He stayed with the boy and played with him for two hours before the boy’s parents came.
【知识链接】⑴lost one’s way＝get lost＝be lost迷路 ⑵该句中的before＝until。
四.【中考无敌语法】can/could谈论能力或可能、What/How感叹句
㈠can/could谈论能力或可能
⒈can的过去式是could，表示能力时，意思是“能；会”，相当于be able to。can仅有一般现在时和一般过去时could；另外can只表明具备某种能力，但不一定做了，而be able to不仅表明具备了某种能力，而且还实际实施了。①She can speak English fluently as she is in practice. ②He could swim at the age of seven. ③After a few days the patient was able to sit up.
⒉can和could在表示猜测时，没有时间上的差别，could的可能性比can小。如：①Fire can be dangerous if you are not careful. ②Write down your answers and send text messages to 2008. You could win two free concert tickets.(该句中的could＝might)
㈡What/How引导的感叹句
⒈感叹句用来表达说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。
⑴What修饰可数名词单数：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词单数(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
⑵What修饰可数名词复数：What＋形容词＋名词复数(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
⑶What修饰不可数名词： What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
【记忆诀窍】形容词后紧跟名词，一定是What感叹句。这是判断What感叹句的一个重要依据。上述“人称代词主格＋动词”中的人称代词须与名词保持一致，并且可以同时省略。
⑴How修饰形容词或副词：How＋形容词/副词＋主谓! 请记住：没有How a/an这种感叹句！
⑵How修饰动词：How＋主谓！
注意：What感叹句可以与How感叹句进行互换，其意思不变。
①What a lovely girl (she is)!＝How lovely the girl is!
②What an exciting match (it is)! ＝How exciting the match is!
③What exciting matches (they are)!＝How exciting the matches are!
④What bad weather it is＝How bad the weather is!
⑤How happy he feels!
⑥How heavily it is raining!
⑦How time flies!时间过得真快啊！(光阴似箭!)
用What, What a/an, How填空
① good time they had at the party! ② heavy rain it is!
③ exciting the news sounds! ④ amazing photography!
⑤ hard he works! ⑥ nice music!
⒉特殊形式的感叹句：
⑴疑问形式的感叹句：以否定词开头，句尾用感叹号，在口语中用降调。
①Isn’t he a clever boy! 多么聪明的男孩啊！ ②Wasn’t it terrible! 多么可怕啊！
⑵以May开头，句尾用感叹号，表示愿望或祝愿。
①May you have a Happy New Year！祝你新年快乐！②May you succeed!祝你成功！
⑶以there, here引导的感叹句，使用倒装句。注意这种感叹句中名词和代词的语序不同。
①Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！ ②There she is!她在那儿！
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. be careful＝take care＝look out当心；小心 (p76)
2. clean up the park打扫公园，give a seat to someone on the bus在公交车上给人让座，collect things for Project Hope为希望工程筹集物资，visit a home for the elderly参观老年之家
3. help his neighbour out of a fire帮助他的邻居从火灾中出来→help sb out of…帮助某人脱离...
4. be at home alone独自在家，see a lot of smoke from next door看到隔壁冒浓烟 (p78)
5. the 79-year-old Mrs Sun 79岁的孙太太，注意此处不能用a/an代替定冠词the。
【知识链接】基数词－名词单数－形容词，作定语修饰名词，如：an eleven-year-old boy
6. pour water over his jacket向他的茄克上倒水→pour…over…向…上倒…；把…倒在…上
【知识链接】pour ⑴vt.倾倒Don’t pour waste water into the river. ⑵vt.倒 pour sb sth＝pour sth for sb 给某人倒…e.g. I’ve poured you a cup of tea.＝I’ve poured a cup of tea for you.我给你倒了一杯茶。⑶vi.下大雨It’s pouring outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。
7. be in hospital for two months住院两个月→be/stay in hospital住院, be in the hospital在医院里
8. keep long hair away from fire让长发远离火→keep…away from…让…远离… (p80)
【知识链接】Something must be done to keep children away from Internet bars.
9. recommend Daniel for the Most Helpful Student Award推荐丹尼尔为最助人为乐学生奖得主
【知识链接】⑴recommend sb for sth推荐某人获得… e.g. She was recommended for the award by the audience. ⑵recommend sb as…推荐某人为… e.g. We recommended David as the new chairperson of the Students’ Union. ⑶recommend sb/sth to sb向某人推荐某人或某物 e.g. He recommended the new book to his friends.
10. always think of others first总是先想到别人→ think of…想到，想起 (p81)
【知识链接】He always thinks more of others than of himself.他总是为别人着想。
11. do a lot of computer work for the club为俱乐部做许多计算机方面的工作，play water sports进行水上运动，fall down摔倒，run up跑上前，have/get the award获奖
12. be grateful for sth对某事感激 (注意grateful常被误写为greatful)
【知识链接】grateful＝thankful感激的，可作定语或表语。The thankful mother thanked him.
13. row a boat＝go rowing划船→go＋v-ing去做某事 (p82)
14. forget to bring a football →forget to do sth忘记要做某事, forget doing sth忘记做过某事(p84)
【知识链接】don’t forget/remember to do sth记住要做某事, remember doing sth记得做过某事。请做题：
①I’ll never forget (hear) this piece of music for the first time.
②I wanted to call her, but I forgot (ask) her for her phone number.
③—Why didn’t you go to Amy’s birthday party —Oh, sorry, I (forget).
【用法拓展】⑴forgetful adj.健忘的 ⑵forgettable adj.易被忘记的→unforgettable adj.难忘的
15. have a good memory记性好→have a bad memory记性差，be good at writing写作好；擅长写作→be good at…→be weak at…，this term这学期→last term上学期，read English and use English more often多读、多用英语，know a lot about Chinese history对中国历史了解许多，do/try one’s best (to do sth)尽力(做某事)，have good grades in…在某方面取得好成绩，get better results in…在某方面取得更好的成绩，jump high跳得高，get into the school team进入校队，That’s OK.没关系；不用谢。Never mind.不要紧；没关系。No problem.没问题。(p86－p87)
16. parents’ meeting家长会→have a parents’ meeting开家长会，注意parents’使用复数的所有格。
17. do more exercises多做习题，listen and speak more多听、多说，repeat after the teacher跟老师读，need more practice需要多练习，work out some outlines first先列出一些提纲 (p88)
18. tell their differences说出它们的区别→different不同的→difference不同；差异→differences
【知识链接】Please find out the differences between the two pictures.请找出这两幅画的差异。
【用法拓展】tell vt.区分→tell A from B，“区分A和B”，e.g. I can’t tell the sheep from the goat.
19. get/have an award获奖，yours faithfully你忠实的＝yours sincerely你真诚的(用于书信结尾)
20. look forward to hearing from you soon →look forward to sth/doing sth期待某事/做某事
【知识链接】hear from sb＝receive/get a letter from sb＝receive sb’s letter收到某人的信
二．【百里挑一词汇】
1. able →ability →abilities →have the ability to do sth有做某事的能力 e.g. People have different abilities.
2. alone＝by oneself＝on one’s own单独；独自
3. host男主持→hostess女主持人→airhostess空姐，类似的有waiter →waitress，actor →actress
4. 写出下列形容词的反义词：①helpful ②brave ③kind
④careful ⑤polite ⑥grateful ⑦quick ⑧happy
5. likely adj.可能的，表示有发生的可能性，常用于：①Sb be likely to do sth.某人可能做某事②It is likely that sb will do sth.可能某人将做某事。 e.g. ①She is likely to succeed. ＝It is likely that she will succeed. 她可能会成功。②It is likely to rain.似乎要下雨了。
三.【五星必背句型】
1. Then he rushed into Mrs Sun’s kitchen to save her. There was a lot of smoke and the fire was very hot.
他冲进孙太太的厨房去救她。动词不定式短语to save her表目的。 (p78)
2. He put out the fire with a blanket and helped Mrs Sun out. 注意该句中put和helped的时态。
【知识链接】put out the fire灭火，put …out扑灭，属于“动词＋副词”，以下也是动词＋副词结构。
【用法拓展】⑴put up ①张贴→put up a poster贴海报②举起put up your hands举手⑵put away，e.g. put it/them away ⑶put off推迟；拖延 ⑷put on穿上 ⑸put down放下 ⑹put in…插入, put in the CD ⑺put…into…把…放入/投入…中，e.g. ①Do not put anything hot into the rubbish bin. ②Hepburn had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry.
3. Many people visited him and brought him flowers and presents. →bring带来，bring sb sth＝bring sth to sb
4. It’s important to be careful with fire.小心用火十分重要。
【知识链接】⑴be careful with/of/about…小心；注意；谨慎 e.g.
①Be careful with the traffic. 小心车辆。②Be careful with matches.小心使用火柴。
⑵be careful (not) to do sth必须注意(不)做某事，e.g. Be careful not to be late.
⑶careful→careless, careful→carefully, careless→carelessly, careless→carelessness n.粗心
⑷careful/carefully→more careful/carefully, careless/carelessly→more careless/carelessly
5. Thank you for joining us this evening, Zhanghua.谢谢你今晚参加我们的节目。 (p79)
6. Did you do anything to keep yourself safe 你采取措施保护自己安全了吗？
【知识链接】⑴do something to do sth采取措施做某事→sth must be done to do sth必须采取措施做某事
⑵keep＋宾语＋形容词，形容词作宾补。e.g. keep the classroom clean保持教室清洁
7. First, he heard his neighbour, Mrs Sun, calling for help.首先他听到他的邻居孙太太呼救。(p80)
【知识链接】⑴hear sb doing sth听到某人在做某事 e.g. She heard someone singing in the next room at seven last night.注意：at seven last night限定了该句必须使用singing。⑵听到某人做了某事或经常听到某人做某事，e.g. I often hear her sing in the next room.注意此处的often限定sing。
8. Is he getting better now 他现在好些了吗？→相似的有：Are you feeling better now (p80)
9. —I’m very happy that he is well now. —Me too. →Me too.我也如此。注意：此处不能用I代替Me。
【知识链接】well健康的→反义词sick, ill e.g. ①—How are you —Quite well, thank you. ②You look well.你气色很好。③He will get well soon.他很快就会康复的。
【用法拓展】well作副词时，意思是“好”，常见的含well的合成词：well-known著名的，well-dressed穿着入时的，well-read博学的，well-behaved行为端正的，well-to-do富裕的
10. I would like to recommend Daniel for this year’s Youth Award. (p89)
11. Daniel is thoughtful and thinks carefully when he works. He plans everything well and works well in a team. He looks after our children’s group on Sundays and all the children like him.
12. Last week, a 5-year-old boy lost his way and cried in the street. Daniel was on his way to the club. He took him to the police station. He stayed with the boy and played with him for two hours before the boy’s parents came.
【知识链接】⑴lost one’s way＝get lost＝be lost迷路 ⑵该句中的before＝until。
四.【中考无敌语法】can/could谈论能力或可能、What/How感叹句
㈠can/could谈论能力或可能
⒈can的过去式是could，表示能力时，意思是“能；会”，相当于be able to。can仅有一般现在时和一般过去时could；另外can只表明具备某种能力，但不一定做了，而be able to不仅表明具备了某种能力，而且还实际实施了。①She can speak English fluently as she is in practice. ②He could swim at the age of seven. ③After a few days the patient was able to sit up.
⒉can和could在表示猜测时，没有时间上的差别，could的可能性比can小。如：①Fire can be dangerous if you are not careful. ②Write down your answers and send text messages to 2008. You could win two free concert tickets.(该句中的could＝might)
㈡What/How引导的感叹句
⒈感叹句用来表达说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。感叹句常由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。
⑴What修饰可数名词单数：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词单数(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
⑵What修饰可数名词复数：What＋形容词＋名词复数(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
⑶What修饰不可数名词： What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋人称代词主格＋动词)!
【记忆诀窍】形容词后紧跟名词，一定是What感叹句。这是判断What感叹句的一个重要依据。上述“人称代词主格＋动词”中的人称代词须与名词保持一致，并且可以同时省略。
⑴How修饰形容词或副词：How＋形容词/副词＋主谓! 请记住：没有How a/an这种感叹句！
⑵How修饰动词：How＋主谓！
注意：What感叹句可以与How感叹句进行互换，其意思不变。
①What a lovely girl (she is)!＝How lovely the girl is!
②What an exciting match (it is)! ＝How exciting the match is!
③What exciting matches (they are)!＝How exciting the matches are!
④What bad weather it is＝How bad the weather is!
⑤How happy he feels!
⑥How heavily it is raining!
⑦How time flies!时间过得真快啊！(光阴似箭!)
用What, What a/an, How填空
① good time they had at the party! ② heavy rain it is!
③ exciting the news sounds! ④ amazing photography!
⑤ hard he works! ⑥ nice music!
⒉特殊形式的感叹句：
⑴疑问形式的感叹句：以否定词开头，句尾用感叹号，在口语中用降调。
①Isn’t he a clever boy! 多么聪明的男孩啊！ ②Wasn’t it terrible! 多么可怕啊！
⑵以May开头，句尾用感叹号，表示愿望或祝愿。
①May you have a Happy New Year！祝你新年快乐！②May you succeed!祝你成功！
⑶以there, here引导的感叹句，使用倒装句。注意这种感叹句中名词和代词的语序不同。
①Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！ ②There she is!她在那儿！