2014年高考英语真题试卷（辽宁卷）

2014年高考英语真题试卷（辽宁卷）
一、阅读理解
1．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)．
Students are increasingly using laptops for note taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
（1）More and more students favour laptops for note taking because they can ________.
A．write more notes B．digest concepts better
C．get higher scores D．understand lectures better
（2）While taking notes，laptop users tend to be ________.
A．skilful B．mindless C．thoughtful D．tireless
（3）The author of the passage aims to ________.
A．examine the importance of long term memory
B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C．explain the process of taking notes
D．promote the use of laptops
（4）The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a newspaper advertisement B．a computer textbook
C．a science magazine D．a finance report
2．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
(Q = Question; A = Answer)
Situation I
Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move
A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.
Situation II
Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something
A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.
Situation III
Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down
A: No. Try other means.1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation IV
Q: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."
Situation V
Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it
A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve "Yes," you can say if ever asked, "I saw it." No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.
（1）You will get annoyed in a theater when .
A．a person is too active B．a person is too rude to you
C．a person talks too loudly D．a person sits too close to you
（2）How will you quiet someone down in a public place
A．By making fun of him continuously. B．By looking purposefully at him.
C．By talking to him directly. D．By pointing angrily at him.
（3）The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means .
A．predicted B．returned C．cancelled D．delayed
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．Modern ways to mind your manners.
B．Different ways to change others' manners.
C．Proper manners to offer help to others.
D．Good manners to talk to people.
3．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest
“We didn't take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
（1）The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.
A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealth
C．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees
（2）“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.
A．look the largest in size in the forest
B．pass on nutrition to young trees
C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D．know more about the complex “tree societies”
（3）The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．how “tree societies” work B．how trees grow old
C．how forestry industry develops D．how young trees survive
（4）What would be the best title for the passage
A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B．Young Trees are In Need Of Protection
C．Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think
D．Trees Contribute To Our Society
4．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员)and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. "Your working uniform is your shelter," he told her. "Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be."
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions (情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit; willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. "Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic," Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. "Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it."
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
（1）We loam from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .
A．learn to give lectures B．attend education programs
C．design a working uniform D．develop a common hobby
（2）Willpower will become a habit when employees can .
A．focus on the profits B．benefit from the job
C．protect themselves well D．control their feeling well
（3）What can we infer from the passage
A．G&G has grown into a large company.
B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C．G&G may become more successful in the future.
D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
二、完形填空
5．（2014·辽宁）完形填空
It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had （1） to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my （2） ，I had a good excuse: A business meeting had （3） and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
When I arrived at the （4） ，1 apologized and told Eleanor I didn't mean to be late. She screamed, "You never mean to." Well, I （5） tell she was angry. "I'm sorry but it was not （6） ," I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. （7） , my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive （8） mad as well.
Several weeks later, when I （9） the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, "You （10） a classic mistake. You're stuck （11） your own way of thinking. You didn't （12） to be late. But that's not the point. What is （13） in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor." He pointed out that I focused on the intention （14） Eleanor focused on the result. Thus, （15） of us felt misunderstood and crazy.
Thinking more about Ken's words, I （16） recognized the root cause of such disagreement. It's the result of the action that really （17） .I should have started the conversation by expressing （18） my actions affected Eleanor and （19） the discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.
Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really （20） her experience of the results of my lateness, I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
（1）A．Started B．Agreed C．Continued D．Managed
（2）A．Relief B．Surprise C．Regret D．Sorrow
（3）A．broken out B．closed down C．faded away D．run over
（4）A．House B．Room C．Restaurant D．Supermarket
（5）A．Could B．Must C．Will D．might
（6）A．Movable B．Comfortable C．Acceptable D．Avoidable
（7）A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise
（8）A．Her B．Him C．me D．them
（9）A．spread B．wrote C．translated D．described
（10）A．knew B．made C．found D．took
（11）A．In B．beyond C．For D．against
（12）A．Need B．Prove C．Pretend D．Intend
（13）A．Funny B．Important C．Possible D．Simple
（14）A．While B．After C．Until D．unless
（15）A．All B．None C．Both D．Neither
（16）A．Usually B．Merely C．Hardly D．gradually
（17）A．Inspires B．Matters C．Improves D．challenges
（18）A．How B．Why C．When D．what
（19）A．Compared B．Reported C．Finished D．saved
（20）A．Showing B．Satisfying C．understanding D．destroying
三、七选五
6．（2014·辽宁）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams.　 　 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.　 　
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.　 　Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.　 　As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.　 　Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
四、语法填空
7．（2014·辽宁）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don't laugh 　 　me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 　 　(soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become　 　(pain)
Jonny: Keep　 　(hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 　 　stay in the air for seconds.
Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi　 　(call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well　 　 strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The　 　 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh...,　 　you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep　 　.
五、短文改错
8．（2014·辽宁）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(试题内容如下)
Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely,
Jack and Rose
六、书面表达
9．（2014·辽宁）假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。
注意： 1）词数100左右;
2）可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯;
3）开头及结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。
参考词汇: 校园campus 创意作品innovation 颁奖prize-giving
答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍通过实验发现手写记笔记比用笔记本记笔记好处更多，学生更容易记住要记的材料。这样可以督促学生多用手记笔记。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).”可知越来越多的学生喜欢用笔记本记笔记，因为这样他们可以记更多的笔记。所以选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes ‘mindlessly'by taking down word for word what the professors said”可知使用笔记本记笔记的学生往往是无意识的。所以选B。
（3）考查写作意图。通过实验发现手写记笔记比用笔记本记笔记好处更多，学生更容易记住记的材料，所以作者是想强调用手记笔记的重要性。所以选B。
（4）考查文章出处。作者介绍手写记笔记和用笔记本记笔记好处相比，学生更容易记住记的材料。这个结果是通过两个实验得出的，所以应该是出现在科学杂志上，所以选C.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、写作意图和文章出处三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，日常生活中常出现的礼貌问题进行提问，然后通过问答的方式一一做了解答。
（1）考查细节理解。根据situation I部分中的“Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance.”可知在戏院如果一个人坐的离你太近，你会生气的。选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据situation III部分中的“1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.”在公共场所可以故意地看着一个人这样让他安静下来，所以选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据situation IV部分中的“If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened ”可知这里讲的是如果朋友生日过去了才想起，再说生日快乐，说明这个生日是被耽误了，belated的意思是delayed“延误的”，所以选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知文章通过问答的方式就一些现代生活中常见的礼貌的方式做了解答，所以选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了森立的树木会通过“tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一发现的具体内容。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true” 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得生存。但是Simard的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来的。故C正确。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Simard talks about ‘mother trees', usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.”可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。A、C、D三项都是片面的理解。故B正确。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“When humans cut down ‘mother trees' with no awareness of these highly complex ‘tree societies' or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.”以及最后一段中的“We didn't take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的“tree societies”情况下砍倒了mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正确。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation ”可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍G&G公司的成功秘诀是让职员参加一个教育课程，从而获得自控力，使意志力成为习惯。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation.”可知G&G公司的雇员从第一天就要开始上这个教育课程，而且是贯穿整个的工作，所以他们必须参加教育课程，所以选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic,"有自控的人不要很努力就可以获得意志力，因为它们已经是自动的了，可知当职员能够控制他们的感情的时候，意志力就成为了习惯，所以选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.”可知G&G公司花了很多精力来训练职员的自控力，并一直发展很快，所以可以推断出以后会更加成功的，所以选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）D；（7）A；（8）C；（9）D；（10）B；（11）A；（12）D；（13）B；（14）A；（15）C；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者和妻子约定一起吃饭，但是作者因为开会晚了，作者向妻子解释为什么迟到，妻子反而更生气，作者也感到要发疯了，后来作者和朋友谈到这件事，朋友的一番话让作者意识到重要的是作者应该体会迟到对妻子的影响，而不应该强调自己的意图，通过和妻子的沟通，作者更好的理解了妻子，以后尽量能够做到准时。
（1）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.开始，B.同意，C.继续，D.设法，管理，根据上文”It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor.“可知作者和妻子约定一起吃饭，所以他们是达成一致意见7点在饭店见面，agree to do一致同意做…，所以选B。
（2）考查名词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.缓解，宽慰，B.惊讶，C.后悔，遗憾，D.悲伤，根据下文”I had a good excuse“，可知作者感到有点宽慰的是他有个很好的借口，所以选A。
（3）考查动词短语。四个选项的含义分别是：A.爆发，B.关闭，C.逐渐消退，D.遇上，超过，根据上文but to my 2 ，I had a good excuse:可知作者有个好借口，因为一个商业会议超时了，而作者没有浪费时间，所以选D。
（4）考查名词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.房子，B.房间，C.饭店，D.超市，根据上文的内容，We had 1 to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock.可知作者和妻子约定在饭店一起吃饭，所以作者是到达饭店，选C。
（5）考查情态动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.能够，B.必须，C.将会，愿意，D.可能，根据下文"I'm sorry but it was not 6 ,"作者对妻子抱歉，所以他能够感觉出妻子是生气了，所以选A。
（6）考查形容词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.可移动的，B.舒服的，C.可接受的，D.可以避免的，根据下文”Then I told her about the business meeting.“作者告诉妻子关于这个商业会议的事情，认为迟到是不可避免的，所以选D。
（7）考查副词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.然而，B.因此，C.还有，D.否则，根据下文”my explanation seemed to make things worse,“作者的解释让事情更糟，所以和前面的句子是转折关系，所以选A。
（8）考查代词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.她（宾格），她的（形容词性物主代词），B.他（宾格）C.我（宾格），D.他们（宾格），根据上文，可知作者的迟到让妻子很生气，而且他的解释让事情更糟，这也使作者快要发疯了，因为用了as well，所以不是作者的妻子，而是需要代词指代作者本人，用me，所以选C。
（9）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.传播，蔓延，B.写，C.翻译，D.描述，根据句意：几个星期后，我将这件事描述给朋友Ken Hardy，所以选D。
（10）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.知道，B.制作，使得，C.发现，D.拿走，带，这里使用了动词搭配，make a mistake，根据下文”You're stuck 11 your own way of thinking.“可知作者犯了一个经典的错误，所以选B。
（11）考查介词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.在…里面，B.超过，C.为了，D.反对，这里使用了固定搭配：be stuck in”卡住，陷入“，这里表示作者被自己的思维方式困住了，所以选A。
（12）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.需要，B.证明，C.假装，D.打算，根据第二段的句子，"You never mean to."可知作者认为自己不是故意这么做的，所以用intend和mean意思相近，所以选D。
（13）考查形容词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.滑稽的，有趣的，B.重要的，C.可能的，D.简单的，根据上文”But that's not the point.“那并不是重点，你们的谈话中重要的是你的迟到是怎么影响Eleanor的，所以选B。
（14）考查连词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.当…时候，然而，虽然，B.在…之后，C.直到，D.除非，他指出作者的重点是意图，而Eleanor的重点是结果，这两句话是表示转折关系，所以选A。
（15）考查代词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.（三者以上）都，B. （三者以上）都不，C. （两者）都，D. （两者）都不，根据上文”He pointed out that I focused on the intention 14 Eleanor focused on the result.可知作者和妻子两个人理解的重点不一样，所以两个人都感觉被误解要抓狂，所以选C。
（16）考查副词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.通常，B.仅仅，C.几乎不，D.逐渐地，句意：多思考Ken的话，我逐渐意识到这样分歧的根源，所以选D。（17）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.激励，B.重要，C.提高，改善，D.挑战，根据上文可知文章一再强调的两个人的重点，所以这里说的是行动的结果是真正重要的，matter和be important意思相同，所以选B。
（18）考查疑问词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.怎样，B.为什么，C.何时，D.什么，根据上文可知是行动的结果更重要，所以作者本应该开始对话，表达自己的行为对妻子有怎样的影响，选A。
（19）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.比较，B.报告，C.完成，D.拯救，省去，根据上文“I should have started the conversation by expressing 18 my actions affected Eleanor可知作者本应该表达自己的行为对妻子有怎样的影响，所以应该省去解释自己迟到的目的或以后再说，或者永远不要说，所以选D。
（20）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.展示，B.使…满意，C.理解，D.破坏，根据上文提到了misunderstood，可知作者通过和妻子的交谈真的理解了她对于我迟到的结果的体验，所以选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、动词短语、情态动词、形容词和代词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．【答案】B；C；G；A；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文这篇文章介绍了五个建议可以让我们终身享有健康的视力。
（1）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空后“Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.”医生建议父母到6到12个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查，可知：保护视力应该很早就开始，所以答案是B。
（2）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.”不管什么季节，戴太阳镜都是非常重要的，可知：它们可以适当的保护你的眼睛，所以答案是C。
（3）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.”三分之二的美国人每天花7个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是G。
（4）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空后“As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.”作为健康饮食，每天要多吃蔬菜和水果，可知：多吃绿色的食品，所以答案是A。
（5）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.”有人听从佩戴隐形眼镜的医学建议，而有人忽视了这些规定让他们的视力有危险，可知：佩戴眼镜要听从医生的建议，所以答案是F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
7．【答案】at；softly；painful；holding；it；is called；as；harder；if；breath
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是Jonny向Peter介绍有关太极的知识，并建议Peter学习太极。
（1）考查介词。句意：不要嘲笑我。laugh at固定短语“嘲笑”。故填at。
（2）考查副词。句意：慢慢弯曲膝盖，象树枝一样自然地轻柔地伸展手臂。用副词softly修饰reach out，故填softly。
（3）考查形容词。根据上文的内容，可知Peter不能控制自己的身体，腿很疼。形容词painful“疼的”。故填painful。
（4）考查动名词。句意：保持这个姿势一段时间。keep后面接动名词，故填holding。
（5）考查代词。句意：抬起腿，让它在空中停留几秒钟。用代词it指代your leg。故填it。
（6）考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的被动，故填is called。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：它要求你表现的象水一样，要灵活也要有力。as well as，固定短语，故填as。
（8）考查固定句型。你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。使用了”the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓的句型“，故填harder。
（9）考查连词。句意：如果你不介意，我会停下来，喘口气。使用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
（10）考查名词。take a deep breath固定短语，”深呼吸，喘口气“。故填breath。
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，副词，形容词，名词，代词，语态，固定短语、固定句型以及连词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，写出正确的单词形式。
8．【答案】①去掉to ； ②time改成times ； ③understanding改成understand ； ④have改成has ； ⑤beside改成besides； ⑥a改成an ； ⑦starts改成started ； ⑧closely改成close ； ⑨our改成your ； ⑩figure后面加out。
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一对夫妇写给邻居的信，信中反映了邻居家狗经常在外面吠叫，影响他们生活的事情，希望邻居能够解决问题。
①考查动词。句意：我们希望解决一些困扰我们的事情。Bother是及物动词，去掉to
②考查名词。句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times，因此time改成times。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象她为什么在外面每分钟都会吠叫。这里使用了句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.，to后面接动词原形，understanding改成understand，因此understanding改成understand 。
④考查主谓一致。句意：每天早上吠叫都会打扰我，因为我一晚上都会熬夜照顾孩子。主语是动名词，谓语用单数，因此have改成has。
⑤考查副词。句意：此外，Cleo往往一天平均吠叫六次。Beside是介词“在…旁边”，改成besides副词，“此外”，因此beside改成besides。
⑥考查冠词：average是元音开头的单词，所以a改成an。
⑦考查时态。句意：今天早上她甚至在5点前就开始吠叫了。因为是今天早上的事情，所以用一般过去式，因此starts改成started。
⑧考查形容词。句意：这对我们太吵了，想象一下房子是多么的近啊。这里用形容词做表语。故将closely改成close。
⑨考查物主代词。句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，将our改成your。
⑩考查动词短语。句意：我们希望你能想出一个解决问题的好办法。figure out固定短语“想出”，因此figure后面加out。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词短语，名词，非谓语动词，主谓一致，副词，冠词，形容词等多个知识点的考查，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
9．【答案】Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use. All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony Sure! It'll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So don't miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions. Call Li Hua at e on, everybody! It's your show time. Student Union
【知识点】看图写话；图画式应用文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇书面通知的书面表达，要求作为学生会主席李华，就学校举行的“校园生活，创意无限”的活动，给学生出一个书面通知，要点不是通过文字，而是通过图画表示出来，所以考生在写作的时候，要认真看图，通过图画找出所给的重要信息。有活动内容，活动时间地点，和联系人和电话等信息，弄清要点后，关键的是在写作的过程中，也要注意人称，时态语态和常见的语法问题，文章尽量简洁，但是要想得高分，要特别注意使用一些高级词汇和高级句型，如定语从句，强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.运用了定语从句； Note that your innovations must be school things. 运用了祈使句和宾语从句； Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.运用了分词作状语以及宾语从句。
1 / 12014年高考英语真题试卷（辽宁卷）
一、阅读理解
1．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)．
Students are increasingly using laptops for note taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
（1）More and more students favour laptops for note taking because they can ________.
A．write more notes B．digest concepts better
C．get higher scores D．understand lectures better
（2）While taking notes，laptop users tend to be ________.
A．skilful B．mindless C．thoughtful D．tireless
（3）The author of the passage aims to ________.
A．examine the importance of long term memory
B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C．explain the process of taking notes
D．promote the use of laptops
（4）The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a newspaper advertisement B．a computer textbook
C．a science magazine D．a finance report
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍通过实验发现手写记笔记比用笔记本记笔记好处更多，学生更容易记住要记的材料。这样可以督促学生多用手记笔记。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).”可知越来越多的学生喜欢用笔记本记笔记，因为这样他们可以记更多的笔记。所以选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes ‘mindlessly'by taking down word for word what the professors said”可知使用笔记本记笔记的学生往往是无意识的。所以选B。
（3）考查写作意图。通过实验发现手写记笔记比用笔记本记笔记好处更多，学生更容易记住记的材料，所以作者是想强调用手记笔记的重要性。所以选B。
（4）考查文章出处。作者介绍手写记笔记和用笔记本记笔记好处相比，学生更容易记住记的材料。这个结果是通过两个实验得出的，所以应该是出现在科学杂志上，所以选C.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、写作意图和文章出处三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
(Q = Question; A = Answer)
Situation I
Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move
A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.
Situation II
Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something
A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.
Situation III
Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down
A: No. Try other means.1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.
Situation IV
Q: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."
Situation V
Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it
A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve "Yes," you can say if ever asked, "I saw it." No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.
（1）You will get annoyed in a theater when .
A．a person is too active B．a person is too rude to you
C．a person talks too loudly D．a person sits too close to you
（2）How will you quiet someone down in a public place
A．By making fun of him continuously. B．By looking purposefully at him.
C．By talking to him directly. D．By pointing angrily at him.
（3）The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means .
A．predicted B．returned C．cancelled D．delayed
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．Modern ways to mind your manners.
B．Different ways to change others' manners.
C．Proper manners to offer help to others.
D．Good manners to talk to people.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，日常生活中常出现的礼貌问题进行提问，然后通过问答的方式一一做了解答。
（1）考查细节理解。根据situation I部分中的“Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance.”可知在戏院如果一个人坐的离你太近，你会生气的。选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据situation III部分中的“1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down.”在公共场所可以故意地看着一个人这样让他安静下来，所以选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据situation IV部分中的“If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened ”可知这里讲的是如果朋友生日过去了才想起，再说生日快乐，说明这个生日是被耽误了，belated的意思是delayed“延误的”，所以选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知文章通过问答的方式就一些现代生活中常见的礼貌的方式做了解答，所以选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest
“We didn't take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
（1）The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.
A．compete for survival B．protect their own wealth
C．depend on each other D．provide support for dying trees
（2）“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.
A．look the largest in size in the forest
B．pass on nutrition to young trees
C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D．know more about the complex “tree societies”
（3）The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．how “tree societies” work B．how trees grow old
C．how forestry industry develops D．how young trees survive
（4）What would be the best title for the passage
A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B．Young Trees are In Need Of Protection
C．Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think
D．Trees Contribute To Our Society
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了森立的树木会通过“tree societies”把自己的财富交给下一代。并详细说明了这一发现的具体内容。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true” 可知达尔文认为树是相互竞争以获得生存。但是Simard的实验发现达尔文是错误的。实际上：与达尔文的理论相反的观点是正确的。也就是说树不是竞争生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下来的。故C正确。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Simard talks about ‘mother trees', usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.”可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的树依赖的大树，它承担这向小树输送养料的作用。A、C、D三项都是片面的理解。故B正确。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“When humans cut down ‘mother trees' with no awareness of these highly complex ‘tree societies' or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.”以及最后一段中的“We didn't take any notice of it.”当人们意识不到这种复杂的“tree societies”情况下砍倒了mother trees，我们就减少了整个森林幸存的机会。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正确。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation ”可知树和动物一样，能够把自己的财富交个下一代。这比人们原来的看法完全不一样，树比我们认为地更聪明。故C正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．（2014·辽宁）阅读理解
Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees (雇员)and profits (利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. "Your working uniform is your shelter," he told her. "Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be."
Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions (情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.
At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit; willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. "Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic," Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. "Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it."
The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.
（1）We loam from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .
A．learn to give lectures B．attend education programs
C．design a working uniform D．develop a common hobby
（2）Willpower will become a habit when employees can .
A．focus on the profits B．benefit from the job
C．protect themselves well D．control their feeling well
（3）What can we infer from the passage
A．G&G has grown into a large company.
B．G&G will spend half its profits training employees.
C．G&G may become more successful in the future.
D．G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍G&G公司的成功秘诀是让职员参加一个教育课程，从而获得自控力，使意志力成为习惯。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation.”可知G&G公司的雇员从第一天就要开始上这个教育课程，而且是贯穿整个的工作，所以他们必须参加教育课程，所以选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic,"有自控的人不要很努力就可以获得意志力，因为它们已经是自动的了，可知当职员能够控制他们的感情的时候，意志力就成为了习惯，所以选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.”可知G&G公司花了很多精力来训练职员的自控力，并一直发展很快，所以可以推断出以后会更加成功的，所以选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理，从而选出正确答案。
二、完形填空
5．（2014·辽宁）完形填空
It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had （1） to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my （2） ，I had a good excuse: A business meeting had （3） and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.
When I arrived at the （4） ，1 apologized and told Eleanor I didn't mean to be late. She screamed, "You never mean to." Well, I （5） tell she was angry. "I'm sorry but it was not （6） ," I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. （7） , my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive （8） mad as well.
Several weeks later, when I （9） the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, "You （10） a classic mistake. You're stuck （11） your own way of thinking. You didn't （12） to be late. But that's not the point. What is （13） in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor." He pointed out that I focused on the intention （14） Eleanor focused on the result. Thus, （15） of us felt misunderstood and crazy.
Thinking more about Ken's words, I （16） recognized the root cause of such disagreement. It's the result of the action that really （17） .I should have started the conversation by expressing （18） my actions affected Eleanor and （19） the discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.
Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really （20） her experience of the results of my lateness, I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
（1）A．Started B．Agreed C．Continued D．Managed
（2）A．Relief B．Surprise C．Regret D．Sorrow
（3）A．broken out B．closed down C．faded away D．run over
（4）A．House B．Room C．Restaurant D．Supermarket
（5）A．Could B．Must C．Will D．might
（6）A．Movable B．Comfortable C．Acceptable D．Avoidable
（7）A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise
（8）A．Her B．Him C．me D．them
（9）A．spread B．wrote C．translated D．described
（10）A．knew B．made C．found D．took
（11）A．In B．beyond C．For D．against
（12）A．Need B．Prove C．Pretend D．Intend
（13）A．Funny B．Important C．Possible D．Simple
（14）A．While B．After C．Until D．unless
（15）A．All B．None C．Both D．Neither
（16）A．Usually B．Merely C．Hardly D．gradually
（17）A．Inspires B．Matters C．Improves D．challenges
（18）A．How B．Why C．When D．what
（19）A．Compared B．Reported C．Finished D．saved
（20）A．Showing B．Satisfying C．understanding D．destroying
【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）D；（7）A；（8）C；（9）D；（10）B；（11）A；（12）D；（13）B；（14）A；（15）C；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者和妻子约定一起吃饭，但是作者因为开会晚了，作者向妻子解释为什么迟到，妻子反而更生气，作者也感到要发疯了，后来作者和朋友谈到这件事，朋友的一番话让作者意识到重要的是作者应该体会迟到对妻子的影响，而不应该强调自己的意图，通过和妻子的沟通，作者更好的理解了妻子，以后尽量能够做到准时。
（1）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.开始，B.同意，C.继续，D.设法，管理，根据上文”It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor.“可知作者和妻子约定一起吃饭，所以他们是达成一致意见7点在饭店见面，agree to do一致同意做…，所以选B。
（2）考查名词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.缓解，宽慰，B.惊讶，C.后悔，遗憾，D.悲伤，根据下文”I had a good excuse“，可知作者感到有点宽慰的是他有个很好的借口，所以选A。
（3）考查动词短语。四个选项的含义分别是：A.爆发，B.关闭，C.逐渐消退，D.遇上，超过，根据上文but to my 2 ，I had a good excuse:可知作者有个好借口，因为一个商业会议超时了，而作者没有浪费时间，所以选D。
（4）考查名词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.房子，B.房间，C.饭店，D.超市，根据上文的内容，We had 1 to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock.可知作者和妻子约定在饭店一起吃饭，所以作者是到达饭店，选C。
（5）考查情态动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.能够，B.必须，C.将会，愿意，D.可能，根据下文"I'm sorry but it was not 6 ,"作者对妻子抱歉，所以他能够感觉出妻子是生气了，所以选A。
（6）考查形容词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.可移动的，B.舒服的，C.可接受的，D.可以避免的，根据下文”Then I told her about the business meeting.“作者告诉妻子关于这个商业会议的事情，认为迟到是不可避免的，所以选D。
（7）考查副词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.然而，B.因此，C.还有，D.否则，根据下文”my explanation seemed to make things worse,“作者的解释让事情更糟，所以和前面的句子是转折关系，所以选A。
（8）考查代词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.她（宾格），她的（形容词性物主代词），B.他（宾格）C.我（宾格），D.他们（宾格），根据上文，可知作者的迟到让妻子很生气，而且他的解释让事情更糟，这也使作者快要发疯了，因为用了as well，所以不是作者的妻子，而是需要代词指代作者本人，用me，所以选C。
（9）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.传播，蔓延，B.写，C.翻译，D.描述，根据句意：几个星期后，我将这件事描述给朋友Ken Hardy，所以选D。
（10）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.知道，B.制作，使得，C.发现，D.拿走，带，这里使用了动词搭配，make a mistake，根据下文”You're stuck 11 your own way of thinking.“可知作者犯了一个经典的错误，所以选B。
（11）考查介词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.在…里面，B.超过，C.为了，D.反对，这里使用了固定搭配：be stuck in”卡住，陷入“，这里表示作者被自己的思维方式困住了，所以选A。
（12）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.需要，B.证明，C.假装，D.打算，根据第二段的句子，"You never mean to."可知作者认为自己不是故意这么做的，所以用intend和mean意思相近，所以选D。
（13）考查形容词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.滑稽的，有趣的，B.重要的，C.可能的，D.简单的，根据上文”But that's not the point.“那并不是重点，你们的谈话中重要的是你的迟到是怎么影响Eleanor的，所以选B。
（14）考查连词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.当…时候，然而，虽然，B.在…之后，C.直到，D.除非，他指出作者的重点是意图，而Eleanor的重点是结果，这两句话是表示转折关系，所以选A。
（15）考查代词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.（三者以上）都，B. （三者以上）都不，C. （两者）都，D. （两者）都不，根据上文”He pointed out that I focused on the intention 14 Eleanor focused on the result.可知作者和妻子两个人理解的重点不一样，所以两个人都感觉被误解要抓狂，所以选C。
（16）考查副词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.通常，B.仅仅，C.几乎不，D.逐渐地，句意：多思考Ken的话，我逐渐意识到这样分歧的根源，所以选D。（17）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.激励，B.重要，C.提高，改善，D.挑战，根据上文可知文章一再强调的两个人的重点，所以这里说的是行动的结果是真正重要的，matter和be important意思相同，所以选B。
（18）考查疑问词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.怎样，B.为什么，C.何时，D.什么，根据上文可知是行动的结果更重要，所以作者本应该开始对话，表达自己的行为对妻子有怎样的影响，选A。
（19）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.比较，B.报告，C.完成，D.拯救，省去，根据上文“I should have started the conversation by expressing 18 my actions affected Eleanor可知作者本应该表达自己的行为对妻子有怎样的影响，所以应该省去解释自己迟到的目的或以后再说，或者永远不要说，所以选D。
（20）考查动词。四个选项的含义分别是：A.展示，B.使…满意，C.理解，D.破坏，根据上文提到了misunderstood，可知作者通过和妻子的交谈真的理解了她对于我迟到的结果的体验，所以选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词、名词、动词短语、情态动词、形容词和代词等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、七选五
6．（2014·辽宁）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams.　 　 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.　 　
Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.　 　Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.　 　As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.　 　Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【答案】B；C；G；A；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文这篇文章介绍了五个建议可以让我们终身享有健康的视力。
（1）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空后“Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.”医生建议父母到6到12个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查，可知：保护视力应该很早就开始，所以答案是B。
（2）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.”不管什么季节，戴太阳镜都是非常重要的，可知：它们可以适当的保护你的眼睛，所以答案是C。
（3）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.”三分之二的美国人每天花7个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是G。
（4）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空后“As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.”作为健康饮食，每天要多吃蔬菜和水果，可知：多吃绿色的食品，所以答案是A。
（5）考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据空前“While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.”有人听从佩戴隐形眼镜的医学建议，而有人忽视了这些规定让他们的视力有危险，可知：佩戴眼镜要听从医生的建议，所以答案是F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
四、语法填空
7．（2014·辽宁）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don't laugh 　 　me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 　 　(soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become　 　(pain)
Jonny: Keep　 　(hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 　 　stay in the air for seconds.
Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi　 　(call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well　 　 strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The　 　 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh...,　 　you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep　 　.
【答案】at；softly；painful；holding；it；is called；as；harder；if；breath
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是Jonny向Peter介绍有关太极的知识，并建议Peter学习太极。
（1）考查介词。句意：不要嘲笑我。laugh at固定短语“嘲笑”。故填at。
（2）考查副词。句意：慢慢弯曲膝盖，象树枝一样自然地轻柔地伸展手臂。用副词softly修饰reach out，故填softly。
（3）考查形容词。根据上文的内容，可知Peter不能控制自己的身体，腿很疼。形容词painful“疼的”。故填painful。
（4）考查动名词。句意：保持这个姿势一段时间。keep后面接动名词，故填holding。
（5）考查代词。句意：抬起腿，让它在空中停留几秒钟。用代词it指代your leg。故填it。
（6）考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的被动，故填is called。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：它要求你表现的象水一样，要灵活也要有力。as well as，固定短语，故填as。
（8）考查固定句型。你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。使用了”the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓的句型“，故填harder。
（9）考查连词。句意：如果你不介意，我会停下来，喘口气。使用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。
（10）考查名词。take a deep breath固定短语，”深呼吸，喘口气“。故填breath。
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，副词，形容词，名词，代词，语态，固定短语、固定句型以及连词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，写出正确的单词形式。
五、短文改错
8．（2014·辽宁）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(试题内容如下)
Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely,
Jack and Rose
【答案】①去掉to ； ②time改成times ； ③understanding改成understand ； ④have改成has ； ⑤beside改成besides； ⑥a改成an ； ⑦starts改成started ； ⑧closely改成close ； ⑨our改成your ； ⑩figure后面加out。
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一对夫妇写给邻居的信，信中反映了邻居家狗经常在外面吠叫，影响他们生活的事情，希望邻居能够解决问题。
①考查动词。句意：我们希望解决一些困扰我们的事情。Bother是及物动词，去掉to
②考查名词。句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times，因此time改成times。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象她为什么在外面每分钟都会吠叫。这里使用了句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.，to后面接动词原形，understanding改成understand，因此understanding改成understand 。
④考查主谓一致。句意：每天早上吠叫都会打扰我，因为我一晚上都会熬夜照顾孩子。主语是动名词，谓语用单数，因此have改成has。
⑤考查副词。句意：此外，Cleo往往一天平均吠叫六次。Beside是介词“在…旁边”，改成besides副词，“此外”，因此beside改成besides。
⑥考查冠词：average是元音开头的单词，所以a改成an。
⑦考查时态。句意：今天早上她甚至在5点前就开始吠叫了。因为是今天早上的事情，所以用一般过去式，因此starts改成started。
⑧考查形容词。句意：这对我们太吵了，想象一下房子是多么的近啊。这里用形容词做表语。故将closely改成close。
⑨考查物主代词。句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，将our改成your。
⑩考查动词短语。句意：我们希望你能想出一个解决问题的好办法。figure out固定短语“想出”，因此figure后面加out。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词短语，名词，非谓语动词，主谓一致，副词，冠词，形容词等多个知识点的考查，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达
9．（2014·辽宁）假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限”(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。
注意： 1）词数100左右;
2）可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯;
3）开头及结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。
参考词汇: 校园campus 创意作品innovation 颁奖prize-giving
【答案】Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use. All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony Sure! It'll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So don't miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions. Call Li Hua at e on, everybody! It's your show time. Student Union
【知识点】看图写话；图画式应用文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇书面通知的书面表达，要求作为学生会主席李华，就学校举行的“校园生活，创意无限”的活动，给学生出一个书面通知，要点不是通过文字，而是通过图画表示出来，所以考生在写作的时候，要认真看图，通过图画找出所给的重要信息。有活动内容，活动时间地点，和联系人和电话等信息，弄清要点后，关键的是在写作的过程中，也要注意人称，时态语态和常见的语法问题，文章尽量简洁，但是要想得高分，要特别注意使用一些高级词汇和高级句型，如定语从句，强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.运用了定语从句； Note that your innovations must be school things. 运用了祈使句和宾语从句； Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.运用了分词作状语以及宾语从句。
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