【精品解析】 2015年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）

2015年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2015·江苏）The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A．it B．which C．what D．as
2．（2015·江苏）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop
3．（2015·江苏）—Jim, can you work this Sunday
—________ I've been working for two weeks on end.
A．Why me B．Why not C．What if D．So what
4．（2015·江苏）Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A．being spent B．having spent C．spent D．spending
5．（2015·江苏）_____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
A．That B．Why C．Where D．How
6．（2015·江苏）It is so cold that you can't go outside_____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A．if B．unless C．once D．when
7．（2015·江苏）The university started some new language programs to _____ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for
8．（2015·江苏）It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known C．do I know D．had I known
9．（2015·江苏）The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on
10．（2015·江苏）The real reason why prices ____ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been
11．（2015·江苏）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A．comprehensive B．complicated C．conscious D．crucial
12．（2015·江苏）Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements
13．（2015·江苏）—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party
—Well, you know he's _______ .
A．an early bird B．a wet blanket C．a lucky dog D．a tough nut
14．（2015·江苏）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
A．thanks to B．regardless of
C．aside from D．but for
15．（2015·江苏）—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ______ .
A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets
二、完形填空
16．（2015·江苏）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional （1） and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so （2） to me and had such a big （3） on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to （4） my own Cancer experience ？
I'm an ambitious （5） , and when I started going through chemo( 化疗 )，even though I'm a very （6） person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the （7） One day, while waiting to go in for （8） , I had one of Dr. Bernie's books in hand. Another patient （9） what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me （10） he had one of his books with me as well. It （11） that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was （12） a published author, and he was currently （13） on a new book.
We would see each other at various times and （14） friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a ( n ) （15） of Dr. Berline. He really put a （16） on my face. He unfortunately （17） last year due to his cancer, （18） he left a deep impression on me and gave me the （19） to pick up my pen again. I （20） to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I. ”
（1）A．tastes B．ideas C．notes D．memories
（2）A．amazing B．shocking C．amusing D．strange
（3）A．strike B．push C．challenge D．impact
（4）A．learn from B．go over C．get through D．refer to
（5）A．reader B．writer C．editor D．doctor
（6）A．positive B．agreeable C．humorous D．honest
（7）A．mood B．position C．state D．way
（8）A．advice B．reference C．protection D．treatment
（9）A．viewed B．knew C．noticed D．wondered
（10）A．while B．because C．although D．providing
（11）A．came out B．worked out C．proved out D．turned out
（12）A．naturally B．merely C．hopefully D．actually
（13）A．deciding B．investing C．working D．relying
（14）A．became B．helped C．missed D．visited
（15）A．patient B．operator C．fan D．publisher
（16）A．sign B．smile C．mark D．mask
（17）A．showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away
（18）A．since B．but C．so D．for
（19）A．guidance B．trust C．opportunity D．inspiration
（20）A．promised B．swore C．thought D．replied
三、阅读理解
17．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
（1）According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
A．with care and respect B．with relief and pleasure
C．with caution and calmness D．with attention and observation
（2）What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand
A．Take your own camping facilities.
B．Bury glass far away from rivers.
C．Follow the track for the sake of plants.
D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
18．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
S Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
S People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I'm required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
S Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
S Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
（1）People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A．academic requirements B．social expectations
C．financial rewards D．internal needs
（2）What can we learn from the Florida study
A．Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C．Strategy training is a must in research.
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
（3）What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work
A．Individual differences in role identity.
B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C．Role identity as a volunteer.
D．Practical advice from researchers.
（4）What is the best title of the passage
A．How to Get People to Volunteer
B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C．How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities
19．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian' s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
（1）What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Countries where their people need help.
B．Powerful states with higher civilization.
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D．Governments ruled with absolute power.
（2）People believing in freedom are those who________ .
A．regard their life as their own business
B．seek gains as their primary object
C．behave within the laws and value systems
D．treat others with kindness and pity
（3）What change in attitude took place in Athens
A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
（4）What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Athens would continue to be free.
B．Athens would cease to have freedom.
C．Freedom would come from responsibility.
D．Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
（5）Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison
A．The author is hopeful about freedom.
B．The author is cautious about self-government.
C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D．The author is proud of man's capacity.
（6）What is the author's understanding of freedom
A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
四、任务型阅读
20．（2015·江苏）阅读理解请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read
Division of news stories ● People expect to get　 　from reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.
　 　ofthe two classes ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual 　 　.
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and　 　similar feelings with those involved.
● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a 　 　to them.
● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 　 　for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 　 　from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes ● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their　 　.
● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and　 　 themselves to the reality.
● Thus, the division, on the whole,　 　on the reader.
五、书面表达
21．（2015·江苏）阅读理解请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1）用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2）结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;
3）根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3）不必写标题。
[评分标准]内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】D
【知识点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及as引导的非限制性定语从句。
2．【答案】D
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A.accelerate“加速，加快”；B.improve“改善，提高”；C.perform“表现”；D.develop“发展”。“develop to one's greatest potential固定搭配，”最大限度地发展潜能”，故选D项。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分accelerate，improve，perform，develop的含义。
3．【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A.Why me“为什么是我？”；B.Why not“为什么不呢 ”；C.What if“要是……会怎样 ”；D.So what“那又怎么样 ”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Why me，Why not，What if，So what的含义和使用环境。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】独立主格结构
【解析】【分析】句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及独立主格结构。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的状语从句。
6．【答案】B
【知识点】引导条件状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意： 天太冷了，除非穿上厚衣服否则你不能出去。A. if”如果“；B. unless”除非“；C. once”一旦“；D. when”当“。根据句意故选B。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。
7．【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A.apply to“向……申请，适用于……”；B. cater for“迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务”；C.appeal to“对……有吸引力，呼吁”；D.hunt for“猎取，寻找”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分apply to，cater for，appeal to，hunt for的含义。
8．【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气的倒装
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
【点评】考查虚拟语气，本题涉及虚拟语气的省略，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
9．【答案】C
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A.wait on“服侍，等待”；B.focus on“集中（注意力）于”；C.count on“指望”；D.call on“呼吁，拜访”。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分wait on，focus on，count on，call on的含义。
10．【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
11．【答案】A
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A.comprehensive“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B.complicated“复杂的”；C.conscious“有意识的”；D.crucial“至关重要的”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分comprehensive，complicated，conscious，crucial的含义。
12．【答案】B
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A.judgments“判断，决断”；B.adjustments“调整”；C.comments“评价，评论”；D.achievements“成就”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分judgment，adjustment，comment，achievement的含义。
13．【答案】B
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A.an early bird“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B.a wet blanket“扫兴的人或物”；C.a lucky dog“幸运儿”；D.a tough nut“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查固定短语，区分an early bird，a wet blanket，a lucky dog，a tough nut的含义。
14．【答案】D
【知识点】介词和介词短语；常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在的。A项”多亏“，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改为 _______ Thomas Edison，now we can benefit from many of the things around us.“刚选A项；B项”不管，不顾“；C项”除了”；D项”要不是“，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。
【点评】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。但很容易发现，A、C两项都可以表示”因为“，但but for 还可以用于虚拟语气。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。
15．【答案】C
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A.requests“请求”；B.excuses“借口”；C. apologies“道歉”；D. regrets“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分request，excuse，apology，regret的含义。
16．【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）B；（6）A；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）D；（12）D；（13）C；（14）A；（15）C；（16）B；（17）D；（18）B；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友。在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔。
（1）考查名词。根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。A. tastes“口味”； B. ideas “观点”；C. notes“笔记”； D. memories“记忆”。故选B项。
（2）考查形容词。根据上文中“unconventional（非传统的）”和“unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异。A. amazing“令人惊异的”；B. shocking“令人震惊的”； C. amusing“有趣的”； D. strange“奇怪的”。故选A项。
（3）考查名词。have an impact on为固定搭配，意为“对…有影响”。A. strike“打击”；B. push“推，逼迫”； C. challenge“挑战” D. impact“影响”。故选D项。
（4）考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。 A. learn from“从……中获取经验，汲取教训”；B. go over“复习，仔细检查”； C. get through“渡过难关”；D. refer to“提到，涉及，参考”。故选C项。
（5）考查名词。根据下文中“…, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A. reader“读者”； B. writer“作家”； C. editor“编辑”； D. doctor“医生”。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，且与上文positivity呼应。 A. positive“积极的”；B. agreeable“称心如意的”；C. humorous“幽默的”； D. honest“诚实的”。故选A项。
（7）考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做事”。A. mood“心情”；B. position“位置，职位”； C. state“状态”；D. way“方式”。故选A项。
（8）考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。 A. advice“建议”；B. reference“提及，参考”；C. protection“保护”； D. treatment“治疗”。故选D项。
（9）考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A. viewed “认为”；B. knew “知道，了解”；C. noticed“（无意中）注意到”；D. wondered “想知道”。故选C项。
（10）考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书。 A. while 表示时间或轻微转折；B. because表示原因； C. although表示让步；D. providing表示条件。故选B项。
（11）考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A. came out “出现，出版”； B. worked out “锻炼，解决，制定”；C. proved out“证明是合适的，令人满意的”； D. turned out“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是……，结果证明……”故选D项。
（12）考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。 A. naturally “自然地”；B. merely“仅仅”；C. hopefully “有希望地”； D. actually“事实上”。故选D项。
（13）考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A. decide on“决定，确定”；B.invest on“投资，花时间在……上”；C.work on“从事，忙于”；D.rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。
（14）A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A. became “成为”；B. helped “帮助”； C. missed“错过”；D. visited“拜访”。故选A项。
（15）考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的粉丝。A. patient “病人”； B. operator “操作员，接线员”；C. fan“粉丝”； D. publisher“出版商”。故选C项。
（16）考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A. sign “标志，迹象，征兆”；B. smile“微笑”； C. mark “标记”；D. mask“面罩”。故选B项。
（17）考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A. showed up “出现，露面”；B. set off “出发，动身”；C. fell down“跌倒”；D. passed away“去世（死的委婉表达）”。故选D项。
（18）考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A. since 表示时间；B. but 表示转折；C. so表示结果； D. for表示原因。故选B项。
（19）考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。 A. guidance “指导”；B. trust“信任”；C. opportunity “机会”；D. inspiration“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。
（20）考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。” A. promised “承诺”；B. swore“郑重发誓”； C. thought”想“；D. replied“回答”。think to oneself 固定短语“自言自语”，故选C项。
【点评】本题考点涉及副词，形容词。名词，动词、连词以及动词短语等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
17．【答案】（1）A
（2）C
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文（旅游指南）。介绍了去新西兰旅游中要保护动物，处理好垃圾，注意路标等注意事项。
（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了去新西兰旅游中的注意事项，根据关键词“be considerate，be careful，take care”等可推知游客的行为应体现出关爱和尊重。故选A项。
（2）考查细节理解。根据小标题“Keep to the track”下内容可知，可知在新西兰旅游时，为了减少破坏植物的可能，鼓励游客顺着路走。露营设施是提供好的，排除A项；B偷换主体，埋藏的是toilet waste，而非glass；D项偷换概念，observe no smoking signs，而非observe signs to approach nesting birds。故选C项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据题干要求，从而选出正确答案。
18．【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了志愿者为什么自发去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“…people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故正确答案为B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The researchers note that attention should be given to ‘training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience．'”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。故正确答案为D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。故正确答案为C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）A
（6）D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选D项。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选C项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选A项。
（4）考查句义理解。根据第五段中的“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。
（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选A项。
（6）考查观点态度。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选D项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、句义猜测、词义猜测和观点态度四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20．【答案】rewards/rewarded；Explanations；involvement；share；threat；prepare；withdraw；profession(s)/intention；adapt；depends
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。
（1）信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
（2）信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward（迟来的回报）”的解释。
（3）信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
（4）信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。
（5）信息查找题。根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.'”可知此处填threat“威胁”。
（6）信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。
（7）信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。
（8）归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意图，动机”。
（9）信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
（10）归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息查找，信息归纳，信息转换。归纳概括等题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析归纳，写出正确的单词形式。
21．【答案】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don't secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody's duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题采用了“材料类+图形+提纲类”形式，综合考查考生阅读材料，识图和写作能力，较往年有所创新，也增加了难度。材料分为三部分：第一部分讲述了一位老奶奶阻止车辆停放引发的争议。第二部分讲述了行人和自行车不遵守红绿灯，导致交通事故发生的现象。第三部分是图表和文字，反映近几年车辆的数量激增现象。要求第一段用30个单词概括材料内容；第二段分析导致交通问题的原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为谈谈启示（不少于两点）。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. 使用了原因状语从句； It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 使用了强调句型和定语从句。
1 / 12015年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）
一、单项选择
1．（2015·江苏）The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A．it B．which C．what D．as
【答案】D
【知识点】非限制性定语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及as引导的非限制性定语从句。
2．（2015·江苏）Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _____ to their greatest potential.
A．accelerate B．improve C．perform D．develop
【答案】D
【知识点】动词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A.accelerate“加速，加快”；B.improve“改善，提高”；C.perform“表现”；D.develop“发展”。“develop to one's greatest potential固定搭配，”最大限度地发展潜能”，故选D项。
【点评】考查动词辨析，区分accelerate，improve，perform，develop的含义。
3．（2015·江苏）—Jim, can you work this Sunday
—________ I've been working for two weeks on end.
A．Why me B．Why not C．What if D．So what
【答案】A
【知识点】情景交际及习惯表达
【解析】【分析】句意：—Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A.Why me“为什么是我？”；B.Why not“为什么不呢 ”；C.What if“要是……会怎样 ”；D.So what“那又怎么样 ”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。
【点评】考查日常交际，区分Why me，Why not，What if，So what的含义和使用环境。
4．（2015·江苏）Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A．being spent B．having spent C．spent D．spending
【答案】C
【知识点】独立主格结构
【解析】【分析】句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及独立主格结构。
5．（2015·江苏）_____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
A．That B．Why C．Where D．How
【答案】C
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的状语从句。
6．（2015·江苏）It is so cold that you can't go outside_____ fully covered in thick clothes.
A．if B．unless C．once D．when
【答案】B
【知识点】引导条件状语从句的连词
【解析】【分析】句意： 天太冷了，除非穿上厚衣服否则你不能出去。A. if”如果“；B. unless”除非“；C. once”一旦“；D. when”当“。根据句意故选B。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及unless引导的条件状语从句。
7．（2015·江苏）The university started some new language programs to _____ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
A．apply to B．cater for C．appeal to D．hunt for
【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A.apply to“向……申请，适用于……”；B. cater for“迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务”；C.appeal to“对……有吸引力，呼吁”；D.hunt for“猎取，寻找”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分apply to，cater for，appeal to，hunt for的含义。
8．（2015·江苏）It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known C．do I know D．had I known
【答案】D
【知识点】虚拟语气的倒装
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。
【点评】考查虚拟语气，本题涉及虚拟语气的省略，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
9．（2015·江苏）The whole team _____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A．wait on B．focus on C．count on D．call on
【答案】C
【知识点】动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A.wait on“服侍，等待”；B.focus on“集中（注意力）于”；C.count on“指望”；D.call on“呼吁，拜访”。根据句意，选C。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析，区分wait on，focus on，count on，call on的含义。
10．（2015·江苏）The real reason why prices ____ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been
【答案】A
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
【点评】考查动词时态，本题涉及一般过去时的应用。
11．（2015·江苏）The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A．comprehensive B．complicated C．conscious D．crucial
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词的词义辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A.comprehensive“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B.complicated“复杂的”；C.conscious“有意识的”；D.crucial“至关重要的”。根据句意，选A。
【点评】考查形容词辨析，区分comprehensive，complicated，conscious，crucial的含义。
12．（2015·江苏）Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements
【答案】B
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A.judgments“判断，决断”；B.adjustments“调整”；C.comments“评价，评论”；D.achievements“成就”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分judgment，adjustment，comment，achievement的含义。
13．（2015·江苏）—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party
—Well, you know he's _______ .
A．an early bird B．a wet blanket C．a lucky dog D．a tough nut
【答案】B
【知识点】固定短语
【解析】【分析】句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A.an early bird“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B.a wet blanket“扫兴的人或物”；C.a lucky dog“幸运儿”；D.a tough nut“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。根据句意，选B。
【点评】考查固定短语，区分an early bird，a wet blanket，a lucky dog，a tough nut的含义。
14．（2015·江苏）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
A．thanks to B．regardless of
C．aside from D．but for
【答案】D
【知识点】介词和介词短语；常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在的。A项”多亏“，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改为 _______ Thomas Edison，now we can benefit from many of the things around us.“刚选A项；B项”不管，不顾“；C项”除了”；D项”要不是“，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。
【点评】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。但很容易发现，A、C两项都可以表示”因为“，但but for 还可以用于虚拟语气。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。
15．（2015·江苏）—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ______ .
A．requests B．excuses C．apologies D．regrets
【答案】C
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A.requests“请求”；B.excuses“借口”；C. apologies“道歉”；D. regrets“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。
【点评】考查名词辨析，区分request，excuse，apology，regret的含义。
二、完形填空
16．（2015·江苏）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel's books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional （1） and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so （2） to me and had such a big （3） on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to （4） my own Cancer experience ？
I'm an ambitious （5） , and when I started going through chemo( 化疗 )，even though I'm a very （6） person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the （7） One day, while waiting to go in for （8） , I had one of Dr. Bernie's books in hand. Another patient （9） what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me （10） he had one of his books with me as well. It （11） that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was （12） a published author, and he was currently （13） on a new book.
We would see each other at various times and （14） friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a ( n ) （15） of Dr. Berline. He really put a （16） on my face. He unfortunately （17） last year due to his cancer, （18） he left a deep impression on me and gave me the （19） to pick up my pen again. I （20） to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I. ”
（1）A．tastes B．ideas C．notes D．memories
（2）A．amazing B．shocking C．amusing D．strange
（3）A．strike B．push C．challenge D．impact
（4）A．learn from B．go over C．get through D．refer to
（5）A．reader B．writer C．editor D．doctor
（6）A．positive B．agreeable C．humorous D．honest
（7）A．mood B．position C．state D．way
（8）A．advice B．reference C．protection D．treatment
（9）A．viewed B．knew C．noticed D．wondered
（10）A．while B．because C．although D．providing
（11）A．came out B．worked out C．proved out D．turned out
（12）A．naturally B．merely C．hopefully D．actually
（13）A．deciding B．investing C．working D．relying
（14）A．became B．helped C．missed D．visited
（15）A．patient B．operator C．fan D．publisher
（16）A．sign B．smile C．mark D．mask
（17）A．showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away
（18）A．since B．but C．so D．for
（19）A．guidance B．trust C．opportunity D．inspiration
（20）A．promised B．swore C．thought D．replied
【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）B；（6）A；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）D；（12）D；（13）C；（14）A；（15）C；（16）B；（17）D；（18）B；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友。在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔。
（1）考查名词。根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。A. tastes“口味”； B. ideas “观点”；C. notes“笔记”； D. memories“记忆”。故选B项。
（2）考查形容词。根据上文中“unconventional（非传统的）”和“unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异。A. amazing“令人惊异的”；B. shocking“令人震惊的”； C. amusing“有趣的”； D. strange“奇怪的”。故选A项。
（3）考查名词。have an impact on为固定搭配，意为“对…有影响”。A. strike“打击”；B. push“推，逼迫”； C. challenge“挑战” D. impact“影响”。故选D项。
（4）考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。 A. learn from“从……中获取经验，汲取教训”；B. go over“复习，仔细检查”； C. get through“渡过难关”；D. refer to“提到，涉及，参考”。故选C项。
（5）考查名词。根据下文中“…, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A. reader“读者”； B. writer“作家”； C. editor“编辑”； D. doctor“医生”。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，且与上文positivity呼应。 A. positive“积极的”；B. agreeable“称心如意的”；C. humorous“幽默的”； D. honest“诚实的”。故选A项。
（7）考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做事”。A. mood“心情”；B. position“位置，职位”； C. state“状态”；D. way“方式”。故选A项。
（8）考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。 A. advice“建议”；B. reference“提及，参考”；C. protection“保护”； D. treatment“治疗”。故选D项。
（9）考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A. viewed “认为”；B. knew “知道，了解”；C. noticed“（无意中）注意到”；D. wondered “想知道”。故选C项。
（10）考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书。 A. while 表示时间或轻微转折；B. because表示原因； C. although表示让步；D. providing表示条件。故选B项。
（11）考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A. came out “出现，出版”； B. worked out “锻炼，解决，制定”；C. proved out“证明是合适的，令人满意的”； D. turned out“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是……，结果证明……”故选D项。
（12）考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。 A. naturally “自然地”；B. merely“仅仅”；C. hopefully “有希望地”； D. actually“事实上”。故选D项。
（13）考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A. decide on“决定，确定”；B.invest on“投资，花时间在……上”；C.work on“从事，忙于”；D.rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。
（14）A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A. became “成为”；B. helped “帮助”； C. missed“错过”；D. visited“拜访”。故选A项。
（15）考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的粉丝。A. patient “病人”； B. operator “操作员，接线员”；C. fan“粉丝”； D. publisher“出版商”。故选C项。
（16）考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A. sign “标志，迹象，征兆”；B. smile“微笑”； C. mark “标记”；D. mask“面罩”。故选B项。
（17）考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A. showed up “出现，露面”；B. set off “出发，动身”；C. fell down“跌倒”；D. passed away“去世（死的委婉表达）”。故选D项。
（18）考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A. since 表示时间；B. but 表示转折；C. so表示结果； D. for表示原因。故选B项。
（19）考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。 A. guidance “指导”；B. trust“信任”；C. opportunity “机会”；D. inspiration“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。
（20）考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。” A. promised “承诺”；B. swore“郑重发誓”； C. thought”想“；D. replied“回答”。think to oneself 固定短语“自言自语”，故选C项。
【点评】本题考点涉及副词，形容词。名词，动词、连词以及动词短语等多个知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解
17．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
（1）According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
A．with care and respect B．with relief and pleasure
C．with caution and calmness D．with attention and observation
（2）What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand
A．Take your own camping facilities.
B．Bury glass far away from rivers.
C．Follow the track for the sake of plants.
D．Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文（旅游指南）。介绍了去新西兰旅游中要保护动物，处理好垃圾，注意路标等注意事项。
（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了去新西兰旅游中的注意事项，根据关键词“be considerate，be careful，take care”等可推知游客的行为应体现出关爱和尊重。故选A项。
（2）考查细节理解。根据小标题“Keep to the track”下内容可知，可知在新西兰旅游时，为了减少破坏植物的可能，鼓励游客顺着路走。露营设施是提供好的，排除A项；B偷换主体，埋藏的是toilet waste，而非glass；D项偷换概念，observe no smoking signs，而非observe signs to approach nesting birds。故选C项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据题干要求，从而选出正确答案。
18．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
S Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
S People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g. “I volunteer because I'm required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
S Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
S Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
（1）People volunteer mainly out of __________.
A．academic requirements B．social expectations
C．financial rewards D．internal needs
（2）What can we learn from the Florida study
A．Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C．Strategy training is a must in research.
D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
（3）What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work
A．Individual differences in role identity.
B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C．Role identity as a volunteer.
D．Practical advice from researchers.
（4）What is the best title of the passage
A．How to Get People to Volunteer
B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C．How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了志愿者为什么自发去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“…people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故正确答案为B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The researchers note that attention should be given to ‘training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience．'”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。故正确答案为D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。故正确答案为C。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。故正确答案为A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
19．（2015·江苏）阅读理解
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian' s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
（1）What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Countries where their people need help.
B．Powerful states with higher civilization.
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D．Governments ruled with absolute power.
（2）People believing in freedom are those who________ .
A．regard their life as their own business
B．seek gains as their primary object
C．behave within the laws and value systems
D．treat others with kindness and pity
（3）What change in attitude took place in Athens
A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
（4）What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Athens would continue to be free.
B．Athens would cease to have freedom.
C．Freedom would come from responsibility.
D．Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
（5）Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison
A．The author is hopeful about freedom.
B．The author is cautious about self-government.
C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D．The author is proud of man's capacity.
（6）What is the author's understanding of freedom
A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
（5）A
（6）D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选D项。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选C项。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选A项。
（4）考查句义理解。根据第五段中的“If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B项。
（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”及“Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it.”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望。故选A项。
（6）考查观点态度。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论，故选D项。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解、句义猜测、词义猜测和观点态度四个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析、推理、概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、任务型阅读
20．（2015·江苏）阅读理解请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read
Division of news stories ● People expect to get　 　from reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.
　 　ofthe two classes ● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual 　 　.
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and　 　similar feelings with those involved.
● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a 　 　to them.
● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 　 　for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 　 　from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes ● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their　 　.
● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and　 　 themselves to the reality.
● Thus, the division, on the whole,　 　on the reader.
【答案】rewards/rewarded；Explanations；involvement；share；threat；prepare；withdraw；profession(s)/intention；adapt；depends
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的接受习惯和反应特征，从新闻类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。
（1）信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
（2）信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward（迟来的回报）”的解释。
（3）信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
（4）信息归纳题。根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder … laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起，和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。
（5）信息查找题。根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, … It has a kind of ‘threat value.'”可知此处填threat“威胁”。
（6）信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。
（7）信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。
（8）归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may …”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意图，动机”。
（9）信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
（10）归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息查找，信息归纳，信息转换。归纳概括等题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析归纳，写出正确的单词形式。
五、书面表达
21．（2015·江苏）阅读理解请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1）用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2）结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;
3）根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3）不必写标题。
[评分标准]内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
【答案】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don't secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody's duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题采用了“材料类+图形+提纲类”形式，综合考查考生阅读材料，识图和写作能力，较往年有所创新，也增加了难度。材料分为三部分：第一部分讲述了一位老奶奶阻止车辆停放引发的争议。第二部分讲述了行人和自行车不遵守红绿灯，导致交通事故发生的现象。第三部分是图表和文字，反映近几年车辆的数量激增现象。要求第一段用30个单词概括材料内容；第二段分析导致交通问题的原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为谈谈启示（不少于两点）。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. 使用了原因状语从句； It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 使用了强调句型和定语从句。
1 / 1