2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷Ⅰ）

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2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷Ⅰ）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2018·浙江）What will James do tomorrow
A．Watch a TV program. B．Give a talk. C．Write a report.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: James, you've been watching TV for the whole evening. What's on
M: It's a science program on the origin of the universe. I'll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.
【分析】问题：詹姆斯明天要做什么？根据“ I'll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow”明天我要在班上做一个关于它的演讲，可知詹姆斯明天要做个演讲，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意排除干扰选项。
2．（2018·浙江）What can we say about the woman
A．She's generous. B．She's curious. C．She's helpful.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Hello, do you have The Best of Mozart
W: Um, sorry. We've just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call you when the CD arrives.
【分析】问题：关于这位女士我们能说些什么呢？根据“we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call you when the CD arrives”我们可以为您订一个。如果你给我们你的电话号码，CD到的时候我们会打电话给你，可知这位女士很乐于助人，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．（2018·浙江）When does the train leave
A．At 6:30. B．At 8:30. C．At 10:30.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: We'd better be going now, or we'll be late for the train.
M: No rush. It's 8:30 now. We still have two hours.
【分析】问题：火车几点离开？根据“It's 8:30 now. We still have two hours”现在八点半了。我们还有两个小时，可知火车10:30离开，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意根据已有信息进行简单计算或推断。
4．（2018·浙江）How does the woman go to work
A．By car. B．On foot. C．By bike.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I am so tired of driving all those hours to work.
W: Yeah, I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each way. But now I live within walking distance of my office. I don't even need a bike.
【分析】问题：女士怎么去上班？根据“But now I live within walking distance of my office. I don't even need a bike”但现在我住的地方离办公室很近。我甚至不需要自行车，可知女士步行上班，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意对应对话中和选项中的关键词:walking distance和on foot。
5．（2018·浙江）What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Doctor and patient.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi Andy. I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday. What happened
M: Well, I had a headache, so I called him and asked for sick leave.
【分析】问题：说话者之间可能的关系是什么？根据“I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday”昨天史密斯教授的课上我没看到你，可知说话者是同班同学，故选A。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意结合语境，抓住特殊语境中的关键词。
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2018·浙江）听第10段材料，回答四小题。
6．Who is the speaker probably talking to
A．Movie fans. B．News reporters. C．College students.
7．When did the speaker take English classes
A．Before he left his hometown.
B．After he came to America.
C．When he was 15 years old.
8．How does the speaker feel about his teacher
A．He's proud. B．He's sympathetic. C．He's grateful.
9．What does the speaker mainly talk about
A．How education shaped his life.
B．How his language skills improved.
C．How he managed his business well.
【答案】6．C
7．B
8．C
9．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】M: Thank you very much. Thank you Dr. Johnson. Well, it is really great to be back at university again. The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important. When I came to the U.S., I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper and I could not understand the news on television or movies or anything like this, so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when you are 15 years old in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And that's exactly what I did. When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student. And today when I look back, I'm so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money, because I was really good at math. You know, how to work out everything with math is so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well.
【分析】短文大意：作者通过自身的经历告诉大学生们：教育很重要，它可以塑造人生。
【点评】考查长独白听力理解。高效地从冗长的对话信息中获取题目信息，关键词能起到很大的作用。
6．问题：说话者可能在和谁说话？根据“it is really great to be back at university again”再次回到大学真是太好了，可知说话者再给大学生说话，故选C。
7．问题：说话者什么时候上的英语课？根据“When I came to the U.S...so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students”当我来到美国的时候……所以我进入城市学院为外国学生上英语课,可知说话者在到美国后才上英语课的，故选B。
8．问题：说话者觉得他的老师怎么样？根据“Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student”幸运的是，我遇到了一位非常好的老师，他鼓励我上一些数学课、商务课和历史课，我成为了一名全日制大学生，可知说话人对他的老师非常感激，故选C。
9．问题：说话者主要讲了什么？根据“The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important”今天我想告诉你们的是:教育很重要，可知作者演讲的核心是教育的重要性，演讲者，说话者引用了自身的经历来阐明了这一观点，故选A。
（2018·浙江）听第9段材料，回答四小题。
10．Why does the woman meet the man
A．To look at an apartment.
B．To deliver some furniture.
C．To have a meal together.
11．What does the woman like about the carpet
A．Its color. B．Its design. C．Its quality.
12．What does the man say about the kitchen
A．It's a good size.
B．It's newly painted.
C．It's adequately equipped.
13．What will the woman most probably do next
A．Go downtown.
B．Talk with her friend.
C．Make payment.
【答案】10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, I've only just arrived.
M: Oh, good. Now here are the keys. Let's go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in.
W: Thank you. I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn't it
M: Yes, and this apartment is in good condition. Here is your lounge.
W: Where would we eat
M: There is this corner here, or you can use your kitchen. Come and see.
W: The kitchen is quite small.
M: Yes, but it has everything, cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher.
W: And there are lots of cupboards.
M: Let me show you the bedrooms. This is the smaller one.
W: It's a good size, though.
M: Now come into the other bedroom. You can see the bathroom, too.
W: Yes, it is very nice. But I will have to ask my friend first, and we will come together. I understand it is $800 a month.
M: Yes, but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive.
W: Well, thank you. I will be in touch.
【分析】短文大意：谈论的是一次租房时的看房经历。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。高效地从冗长的对话信息中获取题目信息，关键词能起到很大的作用。
10．问题：为什么女人会遇见男人？根据“Now here are the keys. Let's go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in”这是钥匙。我们进去吧。有两间公寓。出租的那间在右边。请进，可知女士是来看房的，故选A。
11．问题：女士喜欢地毯的什么？根据“I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn't it ”我喜欢这地毯。颜色很漂亮，不是吗 可知女士喜欢地毯的颜色，故选A。
12．问题：关于厨房，男人说了什么？根据“it has everything, cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher”它什么都有，炊具，冰箱，甚至洗碗机，可知厨房设备齐全，故选C。
13．问题：女士接下来最有可能做什么？根据“But I will have to ask my friend first”但我得先问问我的朋友，可知女士接下来会和她的朋友取得联系，故选B。
（2018·浙江）听第8段材料，回答三小题。
14．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In an office. B．At home. C．At a restaurant.
15．What will the speakers do tomorrow evening
A．Go to a concert. B．Visit a friend. C．Work extra hours.
16．Who is Alice going to call
A．Mike. B．Joan. C．Catherine.
【答案】14．C
15．A
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, Mike.
M: Hi, Alice. Nice to see you. You don't often come here.
W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today.
M: The environment here is good, clean and relatively quiet.
W: Yeah, and I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening
M: Yes. Are you
W: Yeah, Catherine was supposed to go with me, but she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know anyone who might like to go
M: No. But if you like, I can ask around. Er, Joan might want to go.
W: Oh, yes, she is a great fan of classical music. I'll give her a ring after lunch.
【分析】对话大意：谈论的是明天晚上的活动安排。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。学会抓取关键词可以有效提高听力能力。
14．问题：对话可能发生在哪里？根据”I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today“我通常叫人把快餐送到办公室。今天只是来换换口味，可知对话发生在餐馆，故选C。
15．问题：说话者明天晚上要做什么？根据”By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening Yes. Are you Yeah“顺便问一下，你明天晚上去听音乐会吗 是的。你呢？ 是的，可知他们要去参加一场音乐会，故选A。
16．问题：爱丽丝要给谁打电话？根据”she（Joan） is a great fan of classical music. I'll give her a ring after lunch“她（Joan）是古典音乐的狂热爱好者。午饭后我给她打电话，可知Alice要给Joan打电话，故选B。
（2018·浙江）听第7段材料，回答两小题。
17．What is the man
A．A hotel manager. B．A tour guide C．A taxi driver.
18．What is the man doing for the woman
A．Looking for some local foods.
B．Showing her around the seaside.
C．Offering information about a hotel.
【答案】17．B
18．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Good morning, madam. I'm your guide for this trip.
W: How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel I'm going to stay at
M: Yes, of course. The Grand Hotel opened in 1990 and it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway. It is the most beautiful hotel here.
W: That sounds great!
M: And there are some restaurants outside. So at dinner time, you'd have a lot of choices.
W: That's really nice. I like to have some local foods while traveling. What about the scenery around it
M: The hotel has the best views of the Pacific Ocean.
W: Oh, I think I will love this hotel.
【分析】短文大意：谈论的是一家宾馆的信息。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。注意学会排除干扰信息。
17．问题：男士是干什么的？根据”I'm your guide for this trip“我是你们这次旅行的导游，可知男士是导游，故选B。
18．问题：男士在为女士做什么？根据”Could you tell me about the hotel I'm going to stay at“你能告诉我我要住的旅馆的情况吗？可知男士在为女士提供一家宾馆的信息，故选C 。
（2018·浙江）听第6段材料，回答两小题。
19．What does the woman regret
A．Giving up her research.
B．Dropping out of college.
C．Changing her major.
20．What is the woman interested in studying now
A．Ecology. B．Education. C．Chemistry.
【答案】19．B
20．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The biggest mistake I made, uh, was leaving college in my last year, and not completing my education. So I'm thinking of going back to school.
M: School To study what
W: Ecology. I'm interested in the relationship between humans and nature.
M: Cool! Is it what you studied years ago
W: No, I majored in chemistry then.
【分析】短文大意：谈论了女士的专业兴趣。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。从繁杂的信息中学会抓取关键词。
19．问题：女士后悔什么？根据”The biggest mistake I made, uh, was leaving college in my last year, and not completing my education“我犯的最大的错误，是在大学的最后一年离开了大学，没有完成学业，可知女士未能完成学业，辍学了，故选B。
20．问题：女士现在对学习什么感兴趣？根据” I'm interested in the relationship between humans and nature“我对人与自然的关系很感兴趣，可知女士对人与自然的关系很感兴趣，属于生态学，故选A。
三、语言知识运用
21．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to （2） a few dollars More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which （5） I would be learning from one of the game's （6） ,I could hardly wait to （7） him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he make it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14） .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he （15） me: "The absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17） .On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent(对手) is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options."These words still ring true today in my （20） as a journalist.
（1）A．put forward B．jumped at C．tried out D．turned down
（2）A．waste B．earn C．save D．pay
（3）A．excited B．worried C．moved D．tired
（4）A．title B．competitor C．textbook D．instructor
（5）A．urged B．demanded C．held D．meant
（6）A．fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
（7）A．interciew B．meet
C．challcnge D．beat
（8）A．chance B．qualification
C．honor D．job
（9）A．real B．perfect
C．clear D．possible
（10）A．attend B．pass
C．skip D．observe
（11）A．add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
（12）A．eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
（13）A．game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
（14）A．criterion B．classroom
C．department D．situation
（15）A．taught B．wrote
C．questioned D．promised
（16）A．fact
B．step
C．manner
D．skill
（17）A．grades B．decisions
C．impressions D．comments
（18）A．analyze B．describe
C．rebuild D．control
（19）A．announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
（20）A．role B．desire
C．concern D．behavior
【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）D；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）C；（12）A；（13）C；（14）B；（15）A；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）A
【知识点】夹叙夹议；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一位大二的学生从学校的围棋课程以及围棋老师身上学到的人生哲理和对他十年后的生活和工作的影响。
⑴A.put forward提出；B. jump at急于接受；C. try out尝试，检验；D turn down调小，拒绝。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程”，可以判断此处应该是急于接受，故选B.
⑵A.waste浪费；B. earn赚得，挣得；C. save省得，节约；D. pay付款。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程”，可以判断此处应该是节省了一些美元，故选C。
⑶A. excited兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C.moved感动的；D. tired疲惫的。句意：不仅仅这些，我一直想学下棋。并且，即使我对那免费学分不是很兴奋，但是有关这个课程的教师的消息对我足够有吸引力。根据上下文和句意可判断应选A。
⑷A. title题目，称号；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor教师，讲师。根据下文的“He was an international grandmaster...”和上题的解析可以判断应选D。
⑸A. urge催促，力劝；B. demand强烈要求；C. hold抓住；D. mean意味着。句意：他是一位国际围棋大师，这意味着我将向这比赛中佼佼者学习。根据句意，故选D。
⑹A. fastest最快；B. easiest最早；C. best最好；D. rarest最罕见。根据上题解析和上文提到的“an international grandmaster”可判断应选C。
⑺A. interview采访，面试；B. meet见面，遇到；C. challenge挑战，质疑；D. beat打败。句意：我等不及见他了。根据句意可判断选B。
⑻A. chance机会；B. qualification资格，资历；C. honor荣誉，荣耀；D. job工作。句意：Maurice Ashley睿智善良，是以前的毕业生返校教学，对于他来讲这工作不是好玩的事情，他是很当真的。根据句意，应选D。
⑼A. real真的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possilbe可能的。句意：在他的开场白中，他明确表示我们的学分会很难挣的。根据上文“this job was no game for him”“he meant business”可知这位大师是把这工作很认真对待的，学分很难得到的，开始他就说的很清楚了，故选C。
⑽A. attend出席；B. pass通过；D. skip跳过；D. observe观察，遵守。句意：为了通过这门课程，在许多标准中，我们必须写论文，讨论我们将如何把在课堂学到的运用到未来职业中，最后运用到我们生活中去。根据上文“学分很难挣得”和句意可知选B。
⑾A. add增加，补充说；B. expose暴露；C. apply 运用，申请；D. compare比较。根据第三段中“I'm pulling to use he ___ me”可知应选C。
⑿A. eventually最终, 最后；B. naturally自然而然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。根据句意和上题解析可知应选A。
⒀A. game比赛，游戏；B. presentation展示；C. course课程；D. experiment实验。句意：我努力设法在这门课程上获得A，并且学到了让我受益匪浅的超出教室范围的生活经验。根据句中“A”和句意，可知应选C。
⒁A. criterion标准；B. classroom教室；C. department院，系；D. situation形势。根据上下文和句意，可判定应选B。
⒂A. teach教；B. write写；C. question质疑；D. promise承诺。句意：与Ashley学棋十年后，我依然在努力运用他教给我的知识。Ashley是笔者的老师，故选A。
⒃A. fact事实；B. step步骤；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。句意：在你下棋时你学到的很重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。根据句意，可知应选D。
⒄A. grade分数,成绩；B. decision决定；C. impression印象；D. comment评论。根据句意和常识，下棋应该是做出决定，故选 B。
⒅A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。句意：走的每一步，你不得不分析形势，仔细思考对手所作，评估所有选择中最佳方案。根据上文中提到下棋要不断做出决定和常识，可以判断A。
⒆A. announce通知；B. sign打信号；C. block阻挡；D. evaluate评估。根据句意和上题解析，可判断应选D。
⒇A. role角色，身份；B. desire欲望；C. concern关心，关注；D.behavior行为。句意：这些话如今在我一名记者工作依然经常在耳旁响起。根据句意和句中“as a journalist”可知应选A。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一遍文章，看看所选选项能不能使语句通顺，语意连贯。
22．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years　 　(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long　 　(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　 　（die）early by running.
While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it 　 　 (be)more effective at lengthening life 　 　walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 　 　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 　 　(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……
It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to 　 　(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 　 　(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give 　 　a try.
【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。
⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。
⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。
⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。
⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。
⑸than 考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。
⑹that/which 考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which.
⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.
⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。
⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。
⑽it/running 考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/running。
【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。
四、阅读理解
23．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique
facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hour
Morning or Afternoon this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledge guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents. Congress, memories, and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hour (7 miles)
Join a small group hike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All rides are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A．Meet famous people. B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories.
（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide
A．City maps. B．Cameras
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.21.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了华盛顿区的4种自行车旅行。
⑴A 细节理解题 根据第一种自行车旅行介绍倒数第5行的Reserve your spot before availability reserve即book预定的意思。可知答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解题 根据第三种bicycle tour介绍的第二句Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents 可知答案为D。
⑶D 细节理解。最后一段最后两句all riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知晚上的骑行人员配备有反光背心和安全灯，故答案为D。
【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。
24．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves."
The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
（1）What do we know about Susanna Reid
A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B．She has started a new programme.
C．She dislikes working early in the morning.
D．She has had a tight budget for her family.
（2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A．He buys cooking materials for her. B．He prepares food for her kids.
C．He assists her in cooking matters. D．He invites guest families for her.
（3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D．Cooking Well for Less
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道类文章，介绍一档有Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目，教观众如何用有限的预算做出即美味又有营养的饭菜。
⑴B 细节理解题。 根据第1段…but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role －showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.她煮一手好菜－向各个家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备既好吃又营养的饭菜。还有第二段说出了这个电视节目的名字Save Money:Good food.可知她已经开始了一个新的节目，故答案为B。
⑵C 细节理解题。根据第2段第一句…with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …可知这个厨师向她提供如何减少食物浪费以及用很少的钱准备食谱。故答案为C, 他在烹饪的事情上帮助她。
⑶C 细节理解题。本段讲述 ITV的电视节目Save Money: Good Health向观众提供如何从市场上种类繁多的健康产品中获得价值，而Save Money:Good food是步Save Money: Good Health的后尘，所以这一段作者是想要增加一些Save Money:Good food的背景信息，故答案为C。
（4）D 主旨大意。标题的特点之一是具有概括性。由文章首段showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget,第2段with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …，整个文章最后一句…with less expensive but still tasty recipes.及新电视节目的名称Save Money: Good food可知应选D。
【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一句话就是对整篇文章的高度概括，阅读时要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解长难句，从而得到需要的答案。
25．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected.
（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Complex. B．Advanced C．Powerful. D．Modern.
（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400. C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
（4）What is the main idea of the text
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文属于社科类说明文，介绍了世界语言随着人类的发展，许多语种已消失或正面临灭绝，世界语言种类越来越少。
⑴B 推理判断。 第一段第二三句When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small ,tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other。故答案为B。
⑵C 词义猜测。 根据第二段划线部分句子句中的such as English Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over 可知，强大的语言如英语，西班牙语和汉语正在快速地接管，与前一句许多语言消失形成对比。故答案为C。
⑶B 细节计算。 根据倒数第二段第一句知现在世界语言种类总数有6800，及最后一句half of the total world languages可知6800的一半即3400，故答案为B。
⑷C 主旨大意。 第一段讲述了多年来语言的发展有新的语言产生也有一些语言消失，在人类以打猎为生的时代，语言种类很多;第二段主要描述了随着人类过上定居生活，语言的种类就逐渐减少，特别是近几十年来商业化，工业化及全球化的发展导致许多小语种消亡，许多语言被强大的英语汉语等取代;第三段介绍了世界6800多种语言的地理分布情况最后讲述了400多种语言正面临消亡。 故答案为C
【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
26．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案) The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
（1）What does the author think of new devices
A．They are environment-friendly. B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly.
（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
（3）Which of the following uses the least energy
A．The box-set TV. B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。文章介绍了人们继续使用一些老旧电器对环境的坏处，这不仅增加能源的消耗，而且也不利于环保，因此作者建议及时更新那些过时的电子设备。
⑴A 推理判断。根据第1段最后一句…as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。故答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解。根据第2段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using, …故选D，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。
⑶B 细节理解。由整个文章的最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.可知在tablets(平板电脑)而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。
⑷A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句…but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics…及最后一句 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。故选A。
【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
27．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design-something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 　 　, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　 　, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
　 　.They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.　 　.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　 　.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you're looking for
C. If you're experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】B；A；D；G；F
【知识点】说明文；七选五
【解析】【分析】本文谈论颜色在家装中的重要作用，掌握在生活空间中如何使用颜色对创造舒适的居住空间有着重要意义。虽然近年来有很多不同的技巧帮助设计师达到设计舒适的居住空间的目的，在颜色的选择上看似复杂，但对于家装中颜色的选择只有三种决定：小的决定、中等的决定和大的决定，并对每一种决定进行阐述。
⑴根据句法结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择，结合主句句意“在把房间变成你想要的那种感觉的关键是颜色”，参考前一句中的“Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day ”可知选项B中的look for是前文的原词复现。故答案为B（不管你在寻求什么）。
⑵A由句子结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择。主句句意：“它们有时候变得有点复杂”，结合前一句中提到了a number of different techniques“很多不同的技巧”在帮助设计师达到这一目的（让居住空间变得舒适）可知此处是前文的总结，但是与主句构成让步关系。故答案为A（虽然它们都很有用）。
⑶D 此处是本段的主题句。根据段意“抱枕、镜子、篮子等物品上的小的颜色能增加房间的视觉情趣，而且又没有粉刷墙那样无聊，比买个彩色的沙发又便宜，所以小的颜色的选择会带来很大的益处。”同时根据上文第二段最后一句“the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones”和下文第四段的medium color和第五段的“The large color decision”可以断定答案为D（小的颜色的选择是我们最熟悉的）。
⑷G 由本段主题句“中等颜色的选择一般是家具的颜色”，后一句“它们需要比小的更大的投入，从而在空间感上有更强大的效果。”所以此处有着承上启下的作用，由“小”过度到下文的“大”，所以答案是G（在这个范围内颜色的选择是在两个主要方面从小向上迈进的一步。）
⑸F 根据前文的表述“在房间里对颜色的选择比较大的决定涉及到墙、天花板和地板。不管你在看墙纸选择油漆，你所投入的时间、努力以及相关的费用都是有意义的。”故此处与前文构成因果关系，所以选择F（所以选好颜色是值得的，因为你想第一次就把颜色选对。）。
【点评】本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
五、短文改错
28．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词
注：⒈每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
⒉只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
【答案】①I went to countryside的to后面加the;
②I find a big change there的find改为found;
③and another animals的another改为other;
④I went here again的here改为there；
⑤dozens of chicken的chicken改为chickens;
⑥They also had a small pond which they raised fish.的which前面加in或者将which改为where;
⑦by sell the fish的sell改为selling;
⑧I felt happily的happily改为happy;
⑨I planned to return for every two years的for去掉；
⑩but he agreed的but改为and.
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文记叙了作者和父亲去乡下爷爷奶奶家所看到的家乡的变化。
①考查冠词，固定搭配go to the countryside，故答案为在to和countryside之间加the。
②考查时态，上文有时间状语last winter holiday，可知用过去时态，故答案为find改为found 。
③考查不定代词，another 指三者以上的另一个，other 意为其他的，表泛指，这里指其他的动物。故答案为another改为other。
④考查副词，这里指去乡下，指那里。故答案为here改为there
⑤考查名词的单复数，这里指小鸡，可数名词，dozens of后接可数名词复数，故答案为chicken改为chickens。
⑥考查定语从句，先行词为地点名词，从句中差状语，故答案为which改为where /in which。
⑦考查非谓语动词，介词by后接动词ing形式，故答案为sell改为selling。
⑧考查形容词，feeI是系动词后接形容词作表语feel happy感到高兴，故答案为happily改为happy。
⑨考查介词，every two years 每两年，固定短语，for 是多余的，故答案为去掉for。
⑩考查连词，联系上下文，两句是顺承关系而不是转折关系，故答案为but改为and。
【点评】短文改错题以语篇为情境，主要考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平，特别是考生运用自己所学的语法知识，发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。考点分布广泛，涉及到词法（介词、并列连词、冠词、名词单复数、非谓语、形容词/副词等）、句法（时态、从句）和逻辑等。
六、书面表达
29．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括:
⒈到达时间;
⒉合适的礼物;
⒊餐桌礼仪;
注意：
⒈词数100左右;
⒉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Terry:
How are you doing In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend's home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, you'd better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What's more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.
Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. I am looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours,
LiHua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是告知外国朋友在中国去别人家做客的习俗及相应礼仪。该情境设置紧贴生活实际，侧重考查考生使用书面英语进行表达的能力。在考查学生语言能力的同时，又自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。这样的命题思路会引导学生格外注重用英语表达中国文化的学习方向。
【点评】这是一封书信类作文，在考查学生语言能力的同时，又自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。在写作需要注意书信的整体格式，开头和结尾的固定模式。在表达要点时采用多样的语法结构，如倒装句、定语从句、名词性从句、动名词、分词作状语等。通过大量作状语的单词、短语甚至从句的前置是文章更加连贯，表达清楚。
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2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷Ⅰ）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2018·浙江）What will James do tomorrow
A．Watch a TV program. B．Give a talk. C．Write a report.
2．（2018·浙江）What can we say about the woman
A．She's generous. B．She's curious. C．She's helpful.
3．（2018·浙江）When does the train leave
A．At 6:30. B．At 8:30. C．At 10:30.
4．（2018·浙江）How does the woman go to work
A．By car. B．On foot. C．By bike.
5．（2018·浙江）What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Doctor and patient.
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2018·浙江）听第10段材料，回答四小题。
6．Who is the speaker probably talking to
A．Movie fans. B．News reporters. C．College students.
7．When did the speaker take English classes
A．Before he left his hometown.
B．After he came to America.
C．When he was 15 years old.
8．How does the speaker feel about his teacher
A．He's proud. B．He's sympathetic. C．He's grateful.
9．What does the speaker mainly talk about
A．How education shaped his life.
B．How his language skills improved.
C．How he managed his business well.
（2018·浙江）听第9段材料，回答四小题。
10．Why does the woman meet the man
A．To look at an apartment.
B．To deliver some furniture.
C．To have a meal together.
11．What does the woman like about the carpet
A．Its color. B．Its design. C．Its quality.
12．What does the man say about the kitchen
A．It's a good size.
B．It's newly painted.
C．It's adequately equipped.
13．What will the woman most probably do next
A．Go downtown.
B．Talk with her friend.
C．Make payment.
（2018·浙江）听第8段材料，回答三小题。
14．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In an office. B．At home. C．At a restaurant.
15．What will the speakers do tomorrow evening
A．Go to a concert. B．Visit a friend. C．Work extra hours.
16．Who is Alice going to call
A．Mike. B．Joan. C．Catherine.
（2018·浙江）听第7段材料，回答两小题。
17．What is the man
A．A hotel manager. B．A tour guide C．A taxi driver.
18．What is the man doing for the woman
A．Looking for some local foods.
B．Showing her around the seaside.
C．Offering information about a hotel.
（2018·浙江）听第6段材料，回答两小题。
19．What does the woman regret
A．Giving up her research.
B．Dropping out of college.
C．Changing her major.
20．What is the woman interested in studying now
A．Ecology. B．Education. C．Chemistry.
三、语言知识运用
21．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to （2） a few dollars More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which （5） I would be learning from one of the game's （6） ,I could hardly wait to （7） him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he make it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14） .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he （15） me: "The absolute most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17） .On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent(对手) is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options."These words still ring true today in my （20） as a journalist.
（1）A．put forward B．jumped at C．tried out D．turned down
（2）A．waste B．earn C．save D．pay
（3）A．excited B．worried C．moved D．tired
（4）A．title B．competitor C．textbook D．instructor
（5）A．urged B．demanded C．held D．meant
（6）A．fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
（7）A．interciew B．meet
C．challcnge D．beat
（8）A．chance B．qualification
C．honor D．job
（9）A．real B．perfect
C．clear D．possible
（10）A．attend B．pass
C．skip D．observe
（11）A．add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
（12）A．eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
（13）A．game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
（14）A．criterion B．classroom
C．department D．situation
（15）A．taught B．wrote
C．questioned D．promised
（16）A．fact
B．step
C．manner
D．skill
（17）A．grades B．decisions
C．impressions D．comments
（18）A．analyze B．describe
C．rebuild D．control
（19）A．announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
（20）A．role B．desire
C．concern D．behavior
22．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years　 　(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long　 　(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　 　（die）early by running.
While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it 　 　 (be)more effective at lengthening life 　 　walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 　 　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 　 　(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……
It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to 　 　(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 　 　(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give 　 　a try.
四、阅读理解
23．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique
facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hour
Morning or Afternoon this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledge guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents. Congress, memories, and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hour (7 miles)
Join a small group hike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All rides are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour
A．Meet famous people. B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories.
（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide
A．City maps. B．Cameras
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.21.
24．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
B
Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves."
The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
（1）What do we know about Susanna Reid
A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B．She has started a new programme.
C．She dislikes working early in the morning.
D．She has had a tight budget for her family.
（2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A．He buys cooking materials for her. B．He prepares food for her kids.
C．He assists her in cooking matters. D．He invites guest families for her.
（3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D．Cooking Well for Less
25．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected.
（2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2
A．Complex. B．Advanced C．Powerful. D．Modern.
（3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400. C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
（4）What is the main idea of the text
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
26．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案) The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
（1）What does the author think of new devices
A．They are environment-friendly. B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly.
（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
（3）Which of the following uses the least energy
A．The box-set TV. B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
27．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design-something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 　 　, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　 　, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
　 　.They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.　 　.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　 　.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you're looking for
C. If you're experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
五、短文改错
28．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词
注：⒈每处错误及其修改仅限一词；
⒉只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
六、书面表达
29．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗，请你回复邮件，内容包括:
⒈到达时间;
⒉合适的礼物;
⒊餐桌礼仪;
注意：
⒈词数100左右;
⒉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: James, you've been watching TV for the whole evening. What's on
M: It's a science program on the origin of the universe. I'll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.
【分析】问题：詹姆斯明天要做什么？根据“ I'll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow”明天我要在班上做一个关于它的演讲，可知詹姆斯明天要做个演讲，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意排除干扰选项。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Hello, do you have The Best of Mozart
W: Um, sorry. We've just sold out, but we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call you when the CD arrives.
【分析】问题：关于这位女士我们能说些什么呢？根据“we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we'll call you when the CD arrives”我们可以为您订一个。如果你给我们你的电话号码，CD到的时候我们会打电话给你，可知这位女士很乐于助人，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: We'd better be going now, or we'll be late for the train.
M: No rush. It's 8:30 now. We still have two hours.
【分析】问题：火车几点离开？根据“It's 8:30 now. We still have two hours”现在八点半了。我们还有两个小时，可知火车10:30离开，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意根据已有信息进行简单计算或推断。
4．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I am so tired of driving all those hours to work.
W: Yeah, I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each way. But now I live within walking distance of my office. I don't even need a bike.
【分析】问题：女士怎么去上班？根据“But now I live within walking distance of my office. I don't even need a bike”但现在我住的地方离办公室很近。我甚至不需要自行车，可知女士步行上班，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意对应对话中和选项中的关键词:walking distance和on foot。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi Andy. I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday. What happened
M: Well, I had a headache, so I called him and asked for sick leave.
【分析】问题：说话者之间可能的关系是什么？根据“I didn't see you in Professor Smith's class yesterday”昨天史密斯教授的课上我没看到你，可知说话者是同班同学，故选A。
【点评】考查短对话听力理解。注意结合语境，抓住特殊语境中的关键词。
【答案】6．C
7．B
8．C
9．A
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】M: Thank you very much. Thank you Dr. Johnson. Well, it is really great to be back at university again. The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important. When I came to the U.S., I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper and I could not understand the news on television or movies or anything like this, so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when you are 15 years old in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And that's exactly what I did. When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student. And today when I look back, I'm so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money, because I was really good at math. You know, how to work out everything with math is so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well.
【分析】短文大意：作者通过自身的经历告诉大学生们：教育很重要，它可以塑造人生。
【点评】考查长独白听力理解。高效地从冗长的对话信息中获取题目信息，关键词能起到很大的作用。
6．问题：说话者可能在和谁说话？根据“it is really great to be back at university again”再次回到大学真是太好了，可知说话者再给大学生说话，故选C。
7．问题：说话者什么时候上的英语课？根据“When I came to the U.S...so I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students”当我来到美国的时候……所以我进入城市学院为外国学生上英语课,可知说话者在到美国后才上英语课的，故选B。
8．问题：说话者觉得他的老师怎么样？根据“Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes and history classes and I became a full-time college student”幸运的是，我遇到了一位非常好的老师，他鼓励我上一些数学课、商务课和历史课，我成为了一名全日制大学生，可知说话人对他的老师非常感激，故选C。
9．问题：说话者主要讲了什么？根据“The thing that I want to tell you today is this: education is important”今天我想告诉你们的是:教育很重要，可知作者演讲的核心是教育的重要性，演讲者，说话者引用了自身的经历来阐明了这一观点，故选A。
【答案】10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, I've only just arrived.
M: Oh, good. Now here are the keys. Let's go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in.
W: Thank you. I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn't it
M: Yes, and this apartment is in good condition. Here is your lounge.
W: Where would we eat
M: There is this corner here, or you can use your kitchen. Come and see.
W: The kitchen is quite small.
M: Yes, but it has everything, cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher.
W: And there are lots of cupboards.
M: Let me show you the bedrooms. This is the smaller one.
W: It's a good size, though.
M: Now come into the other bedroom. You can see the bathroom, too.
W: Yes, it is very nice. But I will have to ask my friend first, and we will come together. I understand it is $800 a month.
M: Yes, but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive.
W: Well, thank you. I will be in touch.
【分析】短文大意：谈论的是一次租房时的看房经历。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。高效地从冗长的对话信息中获取题目信息，关键词能起到很大的作用。
10．问题：为什么女人会遇见男人？根据“Now here are the keys. Let's go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in”这是钥匙。我们进去吧。有两间公寓。出租的那间在右边。请进，可知女士是来看房的，故选A。
11．问题：女士喜欢地毯的什么？根据“I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn't it ”我喜欢这地毯。颜色很漂亮，不是吗 可知女士喜欢地毯的颜色，故选A。
12．问题：关于厨房，男人说了什么？根据“it has everything, cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher”它什么都有，炊具，冰箱，甚至洗碗机，可知厨房设备齐全，故选C。
13．问题：女士接下来最有可能做什么？根据“But I will have to ask my friend first”但我得先问问我的朋友，可知女士接下来会和她的朋友取得联系，故选B。
【答案】14．C
15．A
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Hi, Mike.
M: Hi, Alice. Nice to see you. You don't often come here.
W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today.
M: The environment here is good, clean and relatively quiet.
W: Yeah, and I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening
M: Yes. Are you
W: Yeah, Catherine was supposed to go with me, but she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know anyone who might like to go
M: No. But if you like, I can ask around. Er, Joan might want to go.
W: Oh, yes, she is a great fan of classical music. I'll give her a ring after lunch.
【分析】对话大意：谈论的是明天晚上的活动安排。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。学会抓取关键词可以有效提高听力能力。
14．问题：对话可能发生在哪里？根据”I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today“我通常叫人把快餐送到办公室。今天只是来换换口味，可知对话发生在餐馆，故选C。
15．问题：说话者明天晚上要做什么？根据”By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening Yes. Are you Yeah“顺便问一下，你明天晚上去听音乐会吗 是的。你呢？ 是的，可知他们要去参加一场音乐会，故选A。
16．问题：爱丽丝要给谁打电话？根据”she（Joan） is a great fan of classical music. I'll give her a ring after lunch“她（Joan）是古典音乐的狂热爱好者。午饭后我给她打电话，可知Alice要给Joan打电话，故选B。
【答案】17．B
18．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Good morning, madam. I'm your guide for this trip.
W: How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel I'm going to stay at
M: Yes, of course. The Grand Hotel opened in 1990 and it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway. It is the most beautiful hotel here.
W: That sounds great!
M: And there are some restaurants outside. So at dinner time, you'd have a lot of choices.
W: That's really nice. I like to have some local foods while traveling. What about the scenery around it
M: The hotel has the best views of the Pacific Ocean.
W: Oh, I think I will love this hotel.
【分析】短文大意：谈论的是一家宾馆的信息。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。注意学会排除干扰信息。
17．问题：男士是干什么的？根据”I'm your guide for this trip“我是你们这次旅行的导游，可知男士是导游，故选B。
18．问题：男士在为女士做什么？根据”Could you tell me about the hotel I'm going to stay at“你能告诉我我要住的旅馆的情况吗？可知男士在为女士提供一家宾馆的信息，故选C 。
【答案】19．B
20．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The biggest mistake I made, uh, was leaving college in my last year, and not completing my education. So I'm thinking of going back to school.
M: School To study what
W: Ecology. I'm interested in the relationship between humans and nature.
M: Cool! Is it what you studied years ago
W: No, I majored in chemistry then.
【分析】短文大意：谈论了女士的专业兴趣。
【点评】考查长对话听力理解。从繁杂的信息中学会抓取关键词。
19．问题：女士后悔什么？根据”The biggest mistake I made, uh, was leaving college in my last year, and not completing my education“我犯的最大的错误，是在大学的最后一年离开了大学，没有完成学业，可知女士未能完成学业，辍学了，故选B。
20．问题：女士现在对学习什么感兴趣？根据” I'm interested in the relationship between humans and nature“我对人与自然的关系很感兴趣，可知女士对人与自然的关系很感兴趣，属于生态学，故选A。
21．【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）D；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）C；（12）A；（13）C；（14）B；（15）A；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）A
【知识点】夹叙夹议；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一位大二的学生从学校的围棋课程以及围棋老师身上学到的人生哲理和对他十年后的生活和工作的影响。
⑴A.put forward提出；B. jump at急于接受；C. try out尝试，检验；D turn down调小，拒绝。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程”，可以判断此处应该是急于接受，故选B.
⑵A.waste浪费；B. earn赚得，挣得；C. save省得，节约；D. pay付款。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程”，可以判断此处应该是节省了一些美元，故选C。
⑶A. excited兴奋的；B. worried担心的；C.moved感动的；D. tired疲惫的。句意：不仅仅这些，我一直想学下棋。并且，即使我对那免费学分不是很兴奋，但是有关这个课程的教师的消息对我足够有吸引力。根据上下文和句意可判断应选A。
⑷A. title题目，称号；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor教师，讲师。根据下文的“He was an international grandmaster...”和上题的解析可以判断应选D。
⑸A. urge催促，力劝；B. demand强烈要求；C. hold抓住；D. mean意味着。句意：他是一位国际围棋大师，这意味着我将向这比赛中佼佼者学习。根据句意，故选D。
⑹A. fastest最快；B. easiest最早；C. best最好；D. rarest最罕见。根据上题解析和上文提到的“an international grandmaster”可判断应选C。
⑺A. interview采访，面试；B. meet见面，遇到；C. challenge挑战，质疑；D. beat打败。句意：我等不及见他了。根据句意可判断选B。
⑻A. chance机会；B. qualification资格，资历；C. honor荣誉，荣耀；D. job工作。句意：Maurice Ashley睿智善良，是以前的毕业生返校教学，对于他来讲这工作不是好玩的事情，他是很当真的。根据句意，应选D。
⑼A. real真的；B. perfect完美的；C. clear清楚的；D. possilbe可能的。句意：在他的开场白中，他明确表示我们的学分会很难挣的。根据上文“this job was no game for him”“he meant business”可知这位大师是把这工作很认真对待的，学分很难得到的，开始他就说的很清楚了，故选C。
⑽A. attend出席；B. pass通过；D. skip跳过；D. observe观察，遵守。句意：为了通过这门课程，在许多标准中，我们必须写论文，讨论我们将如何把在课堂学到的运用到未来职业中，最后运用到我们生活中去。根据上文“学分很难挣得”和句意可知选B。
⑾A. add增加，补充说；B. expose暴露；C. apply 运用，申请；D. compare比较。根据第三段中“I'm pulling to use he ___ me”可知应选C。
⑿A. eventually最终, 最后；B. naturally自然而然地；C. directly直接地；D. normally正常地。根据句意和上题解析可知应选A。
⒀A. game比赛，游戏；B. presentation展示；C. course课程；D. experiment实验。句意：我努力设法在这门课程上获得A，并且学到了让我受益匪浅的超出教室范围的生活经验。根据句中“A”和句意，可知应选C。
⒁A. criterion标准；B. classroom教室；C. department院，系；D. situation形势。根据上下文和句意，可判定应选B。
⒂A. teach教；B. write写；C. question质疑；D. promise承诺。句意：与Ashley学棋十年后，我依然在努力运用他教给我的知识。Ashley是笔者的老师，故选A。
⒃A. fact事实；B. step步骤；C. manner方式；D. skill技能。句意：在你下棋时你学到的很重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。根据句意，可知应选D。
⒄A. grade分数,成绩；B. decision决定；C. impression印象；D. comment评论。根据句意和常识，下棋应该是做出决定，故选 B。
⒅A. analyze分析；B. describe描述；C. rebuild重建；D. control控制。句意：走的每一步，你不得不分析形势，仔细思考对手所作，评估所有选择中最佳方案。根据上文中提到下棋要不断做出决定和常识，可以判断A。
⒆A. announce通知；B. sign打信号；C. block阻挡；D. evaluate评估。根据句意和上题解析，可判断应选D。
⒇A. role角色，身份；B. desire欲望；C. concern关心，关注；D.behavior行为。句意：这些话如今在我一名记者工作依然经常在耳旁响起。根据句意和句中“as a journalist”可知应选A。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一遍文章，看看所选选项能不能使语句通顺，语意连贯。
22．【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。
⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。
⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。
⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。
⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。
⑸than 考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。
⑹that/which 考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which.
⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.
⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。
⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。
⑽it/running 考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/running。
【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。
23．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了华盛顿区的4种自行车旅行。
⑴A 细节理解题 根据第一种自行车旅行介绍倒数第5行的Reserve your spot before availability reserve即book预定的意思。可知答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解题 根据第三种bicycle tour介绍的第二句Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents 可知答案为D。
⑶D 细节理解。最后一段最后两句all riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知晚上的骑行人员配备有反光背心和安全灯，故答案为D。
【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。
24．【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道类文章，介绍一档有Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目，教观众如何用有限的预算做出即美味又有营养的饭菜。
⑴B 细节理解题。 根据第1段…but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role －showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.她煮一手好菜－向各个家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备既好吃又营养的饭菜。还有第二段说出了这个电视节目的名字Save Money:Good food.可知她已经开始了一个新的节目，故答案为B。
⑵C 细节理解题。根据第2段第一句…with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …可知这个厨师向她提供如何减少食物浪费以及用很少的钱准备食谱。故答案为C, 他在烹饪的事情上帮助她。
⑶C 细节理解题。本段讲述 ITV的电视节目Save Money: Good Health向观众提供如何从市场上种类繁多的健康产品中获得价值，而Save Money:Good food是步Save Money: Good Health的后尘，所以这一段作者是想要增加一些Save Money:Good food的背景信息，故答案为C。
（4）D 主旨大意。标题的特点之一是具有概括性。由文章首段showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget,第2段with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …，整个文章最后一句…with less expensive but still tasty recipes.及新电视节目的名称Save Money: Good food可知应选D。
【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一句话就是对整篇文章的高度概括，阅读时要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解长难句，从而得到需要的答案。
25．【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文属于社科类说明文，介绍了世界语言随着人类的发展，许多语种已消失或正面临灭绝，世界语言种类越来越少。
⑴B 推理判断。 第一段第二三句When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small ,tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other。故答案为B。
⑵C 词义猜测。 根据第二段划线部分句子句中的such as English Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over 可知，强大的语言如英语，西班牙语和汉语正在快速地接管，与前一句许多语言消失形成对比。故答案为C。
⑶B 细节计算。 根据倒数第二段第一句知现在世界语言种类总数有6800，及最后一句half of the total world languages可知6800的一半即3400，故答案为B。
⑷C 主旨大意。 第一段讲述了多年来语言的发展有新的语言产生也有一些语言消失，在人类以打猎为生的时代，语言种类很多;第二段主要描述了随着人类过上定居生活，语言的种类就逐渐减少，特别是近几十年来商业化，工业化及全球化的发展导致许多小语种消亡，许多语言被强大的英语汉语等取代;第三段介绍了世界6800多种语言的地理分布情况最后讲述了400多种语言正面临消亡。 故答案为C
【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
26．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。文章介绍了人们继续使用一些老旧电器对环境的坏处，这不仅增加能源的消耗，而且也不利于环保，因此作者建议及时更新那些过时的电子设备。
⑴A 推理判断。根据第1段最后一句…as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。故答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解。根据第2段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using, …故选D，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。
⑶B 细节理解。由整个文章的最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.可知在tablets(平板电脑)而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。
⑷A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句…but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics…及最后一句 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。故选A。
【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。
27．【答案】B；A；D；G；F
【知识点】说明文；七选五
【解析】【分析】本文谈论颜色在家装中的重要作用，掌握在生活空间中如何使用颜色对创造舒适的居住空间有着重要意义。虽然近年来有很多不同的技巧帮助设计师达到设计舒适的居住空间的目的，在颜色的选择上看似复杂，但对于家装中颜色的选择只有三种决定：小的决定、中等的决定和大的决定，并对每一种决定进行阐述。
⑴根据句法结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择，结合主句句意“在把房间变成你想要的那种感觉的关键是颜色”，参考前一句中的“Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day ”可知选项B中的look for是前文的原词复现。故答案为B（不管你在寻求什么）。
⑵A由句子结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择。主句句意：“它们有时候变得有点复杂”，结合前一句中提到了a number of different techniques“很多不同的技巧”在帮助设计师达到这一目的（让居住空间变得舒适）可知此处是前文的总结，但是与主句构成让步关系。故答案为A（虽然它们都很有用）。
⑶D 此处是本段的主题句。根据段意“抱枕、镜子、篮子等物品上的小的颜色能增加房间的视觉情趣，而且又没有粉刷墙那样无聊，比买个彩色的沙发又便宜，所以小的颜色的选择会带来很大的益处。”同时根据上文第二段最后一句“the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones”和下文第四段的medium color和第五段的“The large color decision”可以断定答案为D（小的颜色的选择是我们最熟悉的）。
⑷G 由本段主题句“中等颜色的选择一般是家具的颜色”，后一句“它们需要比小的更大的投入，从而在空间感上有更强大的效果。”所以此处有着承上启下的作用，由“小”过度到下文的“大”，所以答案是G（在这个范围内颜色的选择是在两个主要方面从小向上迈进的一步。）
⑸F 根据前文的表述“在房间里对颜色的选择比较大的决定涉及到墙、天花板和地板。不管你在看墙纸选择油漆，你所投入的时间、努力以及相关的费用都是有意义的。”故此处与前文构成因果关系，所以选择F（所以选好颜色是值得的，因为你想第一次就把颜色选对。）。
【点评】本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
28．【答案】①I went to countryside的to后面加the;
②I find a big change there的find改为found;
③and another animals的another改为other;
④I went here again的here改为there；
⑤dozens of chicken的chicken改为chickens;
⑥They also had a small pond which they raised fish.的which前面加in或者将which改为where;
⑦by sell the fish的sell改为selling;
⑧I felt happily的happily改为happy;
⑨I planned to return for every two years的for去掉；
⑩but he agreed的but改为and.
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文记叙了作者和父亲去乡下爷爷奶奶家所看到的家乡的变化。
①考查冠词，固定搭配go to the countryside，故答案为在to和countryside之间加the。
②考查时态，上文有时间状语last winter holiday，可知用过去时态，故答案为find改为found 。
③考查不定代词，another 指三者以上的另一个，other 意为其他的，表泛指，这里指其他的动物。故答案为another改为other。
④考查副词，这里指去乡下，指那里。故答案为here改为there
⑤考查名词的单复数，这里指小鸡，可数名词，dozens of后接可数名词复数，故答案为chicken改为chickens。
⑥考查定语从句，先行词为地点名词，从句中差状语，故答案为which改为where /in which。
⑦考查非谓语动词，介词by后接动词ing形式，故答案为sell改为selling。
⑧考查形容词，feeI是系动词后接形容词作表语feel happy感到高兴，故答案为happily改为happy。
⑨考查介词，every two years 每两年，固定短语，for 是多余的，故答案为去掉for。
⑩考查连词，联系上下文，两句是顺承关系而不是转折关系，故答案为but改为and。
【点评】短文改错题以语篇为情境，主要考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平，特别是考生运用自己所学的语法知识，发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力。考点分布广泛，涉及到词法（介词、并列连词、冠词、名词单复数、非谓语、形容词/副词等）、句法（时态、从句）和逻辑等。
29．【答案】Dear Terry:
How are you doing In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend's home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, you'd better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What's more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.
Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time. I am looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours,
LiHua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是告知外国朋友在中国去别人家做客的习俗及相应礼仪。该情境设置紧贴生活实际，侧重考查考生使用书面英语进行表达的能力。在考查学生语言能力的同时，又自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。这样的命题思路会引导学生格外注重用英语表达中国文化的学习方向。
【点评】这是一封书信类作文，在考查学生语言能力的同时，又自然地融入了我国优秀传统文化内容，能够引导学生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。在写作需要注意书信的整体格式，开头和结尾的固定模式。在表达要点时采用多样的语法结构，如倒装句、定语从句、名词性从句、动名词、分词作状语等。通过大量作状语的单词、短语甚至从句的前置是文章更加连贯，表达清楚。
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