虚拟语气
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一、状语从句中的虚拟语气
1.非真实条件状从中的虚拟语气
说明 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事实相反 用过去时 用过去将来时 If I were you, I should/would go at once.If there was no air, people would die.
If+主语+were/did/were doing （除了在if I were you, 结构中不能改动外，其他情况有时可用was） 主语+should/would/could/might+do
与过去事实相反 用过去完成 用过去将来完成 If I had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus.
If+主语+had done 主语+should/would/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反 过去时（were to）；should +do（万一） 过去将来时 If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see me.If you should meet him, you would say “hello” to him.
If+主语+were/were to/did; If+主语+ should +do 主语+should/would/could/might+do
省略if的用法 有Were/had/should等词时，可以省略if ，将Were/had/should 移至句首。 主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同 Were I you, I should/would go at once.
含蓄条件句 一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。If 从句可由不定式，分词/介词短语，连词代替。 介词：with , without ,but for To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.Having known in time, we could have stopped it.But for Tom saved my life, I would have died.
不定式：to have done (不定式的完成时可表达与过去事实相反的假设。)
连词：otherwise(否则), but for(要不是), unless(除非), as long as (只要), in case(假如), on condition（that）(条件是), supposing that /suppose（that）(假如), provided/providing （that）(假如).But that 引导的从句中的谓语动词要用过去时，主句才用虚拟语气。
错综时间条件句/ 混合型条件句 条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作时间不一致，常见的条件句用过去完成时，结果主句用过去将来时。 If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
2.方式状语从句（as if/as though 引导从句，表示“好像”的虚拟）
主句 连词 从句 虚拟语气
主语+动词 as if/as though 主语 Did/were 与现在情况相反
Had done 与过去情况相反
Would/should/could/might+ do 与将来情况相反
提示；主句时态与从句没有关系。
例句：He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
They talked about the city as though they had been there before.
He stood up as if he would speak.
3.让步状语从句
（1）在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
（2）although, whatever, whoever, no matter what 等引导的让步状语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词要用“ may + 动词原形(指现在或将来)”或“ may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限”
eg. No matter what you say , I’ll do it.
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
4.目的状语从句
（1）在 in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中要用虚拟语气，主句为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语动词用 may + 动词原形。 主句为过去时，从句中的谓语动词用 might + 动词原形 或 can / could +动词原形。否定形式用 should not +动词原形。
Eg : She took a taxi so that she could get there in time.
She took a taxi in order that she should not get there late.
（2）以 lest (以免，唯恐), for fear that(唯恐，害怕), in case(以防万一) 引导的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should +动词原形”, should 不能省略。
Eg : Take your umbrella with you in case it should rain.
5.原因状语从句
主句 状从 虚拟语气
主语+be+ amazed( angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset) + 主语 Should do 表现在或将来
Should have done 表过去
eg.
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
二、定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示该干什么，而没干：It is/was+ (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。should 不能省略。
如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
三．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
分类 说明 从句谓语 例句
主语从句 It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural… +that (Should) +doShould 作“竟然，居然”解 It is strange that he should not come.It is a pity that we should not meet last night.It worries me that we should be blamed for that. It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.
It is a pity / a shame / no wonder… +that
It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed… +that
It worries me… +that
宾语从句 advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词 (Should) +do The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul.Can you believe that he should kill a tiger I wish I had been there with them last week.I’d rather you were here now.
believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 (Should) +do
主句谓语是wish Did/were （与现在情况相反）
Had done（与过去情况相反）
Would/should/could/might+do（与将来情况相反）
主句谓语是would rather/had rather Did/were （与现在/将来情况相反）
Had done（与过去情况相反）
表语从句 表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语 (Should) +do His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.
同位语从句 We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
四、简单句中的虚拟语气
说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_parent )。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。
如：
Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。
1.非真实条件状从中的虚拟语气
说明 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事实相反 用过去时 用过去将来时 If I were you, I should/would go at once.If there was no air, people would die.
If+主语+were/did/were doing （除了在if I were you, 结构中不能改动外，其他情况有时可用was） 主语+should/would/could/might+do
与过去事实相反 用过去完成 用过去将来完成 If I had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus.
If+主语+had done 主语+should/would/could/might+have done
与将来事实相反 过去时（were to）；should +do（万一） 过去将来时 If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see me.If you should meet him, you would say “hello” to him.
If+主语+were/were to/did; If+主语+ should +do 主语+should/would/could/might+do
省略if的用法 有Were/had/should等词时，可以省略if ，将Were/had/should 移至句首。 主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同 Were I you, I should/would go at once.
含蓄条件句 一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。If 从句可由不定式，分词/介词短语，连词代替。 介词：with , without ,but for To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.Having known in time, we could have stopped it.But for Tom saved my life, I would have died.
不定式：to have done (不定式的完成时可表达与过去事实相反的假设。)
连词：otherwise(否则), but for(要不是), unless(除非), as long as (只要), in case(假如), on condition（that）(条件是), supposing that /suppose（that）(假如), provided/providing （that）(假如).But that 引导的从句中的谓语动词要用过去时，主句才用虚拟语气。
错综时间条件句/ 混合型条件句 条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作时间不一致，常见的条件句用过去完成时，结果主句用过去将来时。 If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
2.方式状语从句（as if/as though 引导从句，表示“好像”的虚拟）
主句 连词 从句 虚拟语气
主语+动词 as if/as though 主语 Did/were 与现在情况相反
Had done 与过去情况相反
Would/should/could/might+ do 与将来情况相反
提示；主句时态与从句没有关系。
例句：He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
They talked about the city as though they had been there before.
He stood up as if he would speak.
3.让步状语从句
（1）在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
（2）although, whatever, whoever, no matter what 等引导的让步状语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词要用“ may + 动词原形(指现在或将来)”或“ may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限”
eg. No matter what you say , I’ll do it.
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
4.目的状语从句
（1）在 in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中要用虚拟语气，主句为现在时或将来时，从句中的谓语动词用 may + 动词原形。 主句为过去时，从句中的谓语动词用 might + 动词原形 或 can / could +动词原形。否定形式用 should not +动词原形。
Eg : She took a taxi so that she could get there in time.
She took a taxi in order that she should not get there late.
（2）以 lest (以免，唯恐), for fear that(唯恐，害怕), in case(以防万一) 引导的目的状语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should +动词原形”, should 不能省略。
Eg : Take your umbrella with you in case it should rain.
5.原因状语从句
主句 状从 虚拟语气
主语+be+ amazed( angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset) + 主语 Should do 表现在或将来
Should have done 表过去
eg.
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
二、定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示该干什么，而没干：It is/was+ (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。should 不能省略。
如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
三．名词性从句中的虚拟语气
分类 说明 从句谓语 例句
主语从句 It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural… +that (Should) +doShould 作“竟然，居然”解 It is strange that he should not come.It is a pity that we should not meet last night.It worries me that we should be blamed for that. It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.
It is a pity / a shame / no wonder… +that
It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed… +that
It worries me… +that
宾语从句 advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词 (Should) +do The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul.Can you believe that he should kill a tiger I wish I had been there with them last week.I’d rather you were here now.
believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 (Should) +do
主句谓语是wish Did/were （与现在情况相反）
Had done（与过去情况相反）
Would/should/could/might+do（与将来情况相反）
主句谓语是would rather/had rather Did/were （与现在/将来情况相反）
Had done（与过去情况相反）
表语从句 表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语 (Should) +do His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.
同位语从句 We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
四、简单句中的虚拟语气
说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_parent )。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。
如：
Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。