【专题十】非谓语动词
【考情分析】
1.不定式的时态和语态;
2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能;
3.不定式的省略;
4.不定式的否定形式;
5.不定式的搭配形式;
6.独立主格结构;
7.v-ing分词名词性功能;
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能;
9.v-ing分词副词性功能;
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别;
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别;
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别;
【思想方法】
非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
考点研读:
【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。
【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的,因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。
【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接,那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词,但空格后没有宾语,故使用join的过去分词形式,充当表示状态或性质的形容词用,选项A、B、D都是主动式,需要后接宾语,因此排除。选C。
【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.
A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心,对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式,句中没有连词,故排除;C项是作目的状语,而句中是伴随状态,故选D。
【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事,但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事,故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系,故选A。
【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Emma,你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行,故选B。
【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,句中是被动语态,Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语,用主动式,故选A。
【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后,发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系,故用过去分词,答案B。
【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车,看上去刚擦得干干净净,还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式,但句中没有连词;B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果,那只能由Mike执行这个动作,与题意不符;C项looking表明车子的特性,作伴随状语,故选C。
【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.
A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened21世纪教育网
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业,与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系;D项Being opened表正在进行,但开业的事实已经发生,故选A。
【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去,不定式应当用完成式,表示发生过,排除A、B项。因为现在是明星,排除D项,选C。
【2011山东卷,27】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“看那儿,有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语,相当于which leads。选A。
【2011江苏卷,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A.compared B.comparing C.compares D.being compared
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论,该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey,谓语动词是has caused,宾语是heated debate。由此可见,原句不缺主干成分,“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的,做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语,是主动形式,所以选B。
【2011福建卷,23】Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系,to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动,也表动作已完成,故选C。
【2011福建卷,27】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold21世纪教育网
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同,拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系,故用主动式。因此,选D。
【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier
into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Tom问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语。to break与the chocolate存在着动宾关系,故用主动式的不定式,选D。
【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.
A.having B had C. have D. to have
【答案】A
【考点】考查独立主格结构。
【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式,题中没有连词,无法并存两个句子。to have表将来;having表伴随,因此,选A。
【2011浙江卷,14】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词,A、C、D项都是主动式,空格后没有lose的宾语,故用过去分词lost当形容词用,作find themselves的宾语补足语。选B。
【2011浙江卷,19】If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city
by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛,队员们将会巡游全城,接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行;B项be cheeresd是谓语原形;D项were cheered也是谓语,但句中已有谓语are going to;C项to be cheered表示将来,同时也表示被动。根据语境,选C。
【2011四川卷,2】Ladex does’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study
【答案】B
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学,因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事,习惯表达法。因此选B。
【2011四川卷,11】Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞起来。”make a big bamboo box的目的是为了keep the little sick bird,因此选D表示目的状语。A项构成使役用法,大竹盒无生命力,不能执行这个动作;B项是谓语词,与句中made冲突;C项是伴随状语,表示made与keep同时进行。根据句意选D。
【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.21世纪教育网
A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色,这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系,故选C。
【2011重庆卷,29】More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced
people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“据政府官员说,为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注,将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随;to have raised表示动作已发生;having raised表示动作先发生;to raise表示目的状语,事情还没有发生,是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的,因此,选A。
【2011重庆卷,33】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself
of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Michael在他的床头贴了姚明的照片提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。”空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系。故选C。
【2011陕西卷,14】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked
【答案】D
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让…被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage,和check的关系是被动关系,所以答案选择D。
【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
【答案】A
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路,人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it,说明是主动关系,排除B;不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语,不符合句意;答案选择A,表示结果。
【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself [来源:21世纪教育网]
A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。
【解析】句意为“想法重要,提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系,排除B和D表示被动的选项;ability作为一个抽象名词,通常使用动词不定式做定语,联系到短语be able to do sth,不难推断正确选项为C。
【2011湖南卷,23】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。
【解析】句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系,只有C选项表被动。故选C。
【2011湖南卷,29】Do you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“每天早上醒来后,你是否感到精力充沛,并为新的一天作好了准备?”wake up作句子的谓语,句中没有连词,排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来,与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系,felt 作为过去分词表被动,与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾,故选C,feeling作伴随状语。
【2011辽宁卷,30】 around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边,与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行,用主动形式,并与dance同时进行,故选C,表示伴随情况。
【2011江西卷32】On receiving a phone call from his wife she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office.
A. says B.said C.saying D.to say
【答案】C
【考点】考查非谓语动词。
【解析】“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后,Gorden先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call,前后动词的动作在同一时间发生,表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。
【2011辽宁卷,23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
【答案】C
【考点】考查疑问副词 + to do的用法。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【解析】句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式,how + to read fast等同于名词,作teach的宾语。故选C。
〖10福建〗Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
21世纪教育网
A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
〖答案〗A[来源:21世纪教育网]
〖考点〗非谓语动词
〖解析〗表示伴随。从“were working” 可以判断是进行时态, 排除C。
〖10福建〗In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗remain后接动词的用法
〖解析〗remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。
〖10上海〗Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused21世纪教育网
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意, sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系, 故选A.
〖10上海〗 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗考察现在分词作状语, 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语, 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
〖10上海〗Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗此处考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do…,we can imagine 做定语, 前面省略了that.
〖10安徽〗He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词作状语。
〖解析〗主语(he)与动词travel之间存在主动关系, 故用traveling作原因状语。
〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补, 根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to, 由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救, 故选A项。
〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗该空, 分词短语作时间状语, 其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系, 故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前, 故用现在分词的完成主动式。
〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词
〖解析〗该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现” 的意思, 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱” 可判断选A项。
〖10江西〗The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept C keeping D to keep
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考察非谓语。
〖解析〗句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。
〖10江西〗There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考察非谓语。
〖解析〗演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词的使用。
〖解析〗句意应为“这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。” 由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间, 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来, 充当readings的定语。
〖10天津〗It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗句意:南方下了大雨, 在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果, 而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系, 所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语
〖10四川〗A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词作定语。
〖解析〗question与students 存在被动关系, question表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。
〖10四川〗The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。
〖解析〗句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作, 故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。
〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词21世纪教育网
〖解析〗句意:怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。题干中空格划在名词maps后, 空格后部分是对maps解释说明, 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语, 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系, borrow和maps是被动关系, 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种: to be done, being done, done, to be done表示动作将要发生, being done表示动作正在发生, done表示用作已经完成, 根据句意borrow的动作已经完成, 因此选择C。
〖10全国Ⅰ〗With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词
〖解析〗句意:父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B。
〖10江苏〗The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
〖答案〗A.
〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词
〖解析〗enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
〖10 陕西〗_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成, 用过去分词, 选A。
〖10 陕西〗His first book next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
〖答案〗B.
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做后置定语, 由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 用动词不定式, 其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式, 选B。
〖10全国Ⅱ〗Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. urprising B. as surprised C. urprised D being surprised
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗省略结构和非谓语动词考查。
〖解析〗补完整为:Though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省略主语和系动词。
〖10湖北〗________(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)
〖答案〗 “painted”
〖考点〗非谓语动词
〖解析〗过去分词作状语, 主语“the building” 是动作“paint” 的作用对象
〖10湖北〗After she completes the project, she’ll have ________(没什么要担心的). (worry)
〖答案〗nothing to worry about
〖考点〗不定式作后置定语
〖解析〗动词 “worry” 与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系, 由于“worry” 是不及物动词, 后面须加上加上介词 “about” 。
〖10辽宁〗We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗句意:我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
〖10辽宁〗Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词用法。
〖解析〗句意:亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
〖10北京〗 at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗look与句子主语I为主动关系, 因此用looking.
〖10北京〗I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词
〖解析〗句意:我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position肯定是被advertise, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
〖10重庆〗The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗句意为:这个消息使公众震惊, 也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系, 并作shocked的伴随状语, 所以用leading。
〖10重庆〗Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
〖答案〗D21世纪教育网
〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系, 由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后, 所以用to be repaired.
〖10浙江〗The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。
〖解析〗根据句子结构:主语:the traffic rule;谓语动词:says;宾语从句:young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干 为:young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系, 所以选择weighing。句意:交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。【专题二】代词
【考情分析】
代词在高考中的考查重点:
1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;
2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;
3.反身代词的用法;
4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;
5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;
6.some,any的用法辨析;
7.each, every的用法辨析;
8.(a) little,(a)few, a bit的用法辨析;
9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;
10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;
11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【思想方法】
代词考点例析:
1.【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
【答案】D
【考点】考查复合不定代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。因此选D。
2.【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .
A. them B. those C. it D. that
【答案】C
【考点】考查代词it的用法。
【解析】句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。因此选C。
3.【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
【答案】A
【考点】考查代词it的用法。
【解析】句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。
4.【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.
A. either B. all C. none D. neither
【答案】D
【考点】考查不定代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“他们提供了两份报告,没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。”neither两个都不;either两者之一,但后半句里的“any useful suggestions”与否定连用;all与none指三个或三个以上,与前面的“two reports”不相一致。因此选D。
5.【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
【答案】A
【考点】考查it的用法。
【解析】句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。
6.【2011福建卷,21】We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
【答案】C
【考点】考查不定代词one的用法。
【解析】句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。
7.【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.21世纪教育网
A. them B. her C. itself D. herself
【答案】C
【考点】考查反身代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“令人惊叹的是,Susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面,就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them,her和herself指的都是人。因此选C。[来源:21世纪教育网]
8.【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else.
A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere
【答案】C
【考点】考查不定代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“人们喜爱幽默,所以,在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用,表示(除了in conversation的)其他任何地方,表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。因此选C。
9.【2011四川卷,3】There is in his words. We should have a try.
A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything
【答案】A
【考点】考查不定代词的用法。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。
10.【2011重庆卷,27】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
——What do you think of over there
A. the one B. this C.it D.that
【答案】D
【考点】考查指示代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我真傻!想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。——你看看那边的是不是你的?”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物,over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物,the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境,选D。
11.【2011陕西卷,16】——Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear 21世纪教育网
—— one 21世纪教育网
A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More
【答案】C
【考点】考查不定代词与数词的连用。
【解析】句意为“——亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?——还要吃一块?”another 与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one more apple, two other boys;every指每一个,含义与all接近。因此选C。
12.【2011湖南卷,24】I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing
【答案】D
【考点】考查不定代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他;他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。因此选D。
13.【2011辽宁卷,27】——Would you like tea or coffee
—— , thank you. I've just had some water.
A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither
【答案】D
【考点】考查不定代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——你是想喝茶还是咖啡?——谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。”通过后面“I've just had some water”可以判定是拒绝tea 和coffee。neither“两者中哪个都不”,其所指范围是两个人或物;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both“两个都”,修饰可数名词,统指两者;any用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。因此选D。
14.【2011江西卷25】Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on
A. that B.it C.his D.him
【答案】B21世纪教育网
【考点】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。
【解析】句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。
15.【2011山东卷24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find_____ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C, her D. that21世纪教育网
【答案】A。
【考点】考查固定句型。
【解析】句意:这两个小女孩如此相像,以至于很难辨别出彼此。此句式it 做形式宾语的结构如下find/make/consider/suppose等+it+adj/n+to do/that….。
16.【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .
A. them B. those C. it D. that
【答案】C
【考点】考查代词it的用法。
【解析】句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。因此选C。
17.【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
【答案】A
【考点】考查代词it的用法。
【解析】句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to make our country a better place”。 因此选A。
18.【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
【答案】A
【考点】考查it的用法。
【解析】句意为“这两个女孩长得很相像,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to tell one from the other”。 因此选A。
19.【2011福建卷,21】We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
【答案】C
【考点】考查不定代词one的用法。
【解析】句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。因此选C。
20.【2011重庆卷,27】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
——What do you think of over there
A. the one B. this C.it D.that[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】D
【考点】考查指示代词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我真傻!想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。——你看看那边的是不是你的?”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物,over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物,the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境,选D。
21.【2011江西卷25】Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on
A. that B.it C.his D.him
【答案】B
【考点】考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作下去?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。因此选B。
22.【2011四川卷15】Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【考点】考查强调句。
【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island,是强调句的一般疑问句句型:Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子?句意:“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的?”
23.【2011陕西卷23】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do______benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
【答案】C
【考点】考查强调句。
【解析】强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。
24.【2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【考点】本题考察强调句型。
【解析】本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思:决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。【专题四】介词和连词
【考情分析】
介词:1. 常用介词表示时间、地点、空间位置关系的用法;
2. 固定搭配中的介词。
连词:1. 区别简单句、并列句和复合句;
2. 状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句中常见连词的意义和用法。
【思想方法】
考点例析:
【2011全国卷II 14】This shop will be closed for repairs ____ further notice.
A. with B. until C. for D. at
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】句意:在另行通知前,这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。
【2011北京卷 35】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take ______ color.
A. by B. for C. with D. in
【答案】D
【考点】考察介词的用法。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【解析】In color表示“使用彩色”。固定搭配。句意:随着科技的发展,水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。
【2011上海卷 25】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A. through B. up C. with D. from
【答案】A
【考点】考察介词的用法。
【解析】句意:一年中,毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。
【2011湖北卷 30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of
【答案】C
【考点】考察介词词组的用法。句子意思是,当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人。in praise of表扬,in terms of就…而言,in need of需要。
【解析】
【2011山东卷 30】I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks.
A. beyond B. with C. among D. over
【答案】D
【考点】固定介词搭配。
【解析】通过前半句“I’ve been very busy”现在完成时,可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”,固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks”. 句意为:很抱歉没给你打电话,可是这几个星期我一直很忙。
【2011安徽卷 25】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek______ food safety problem.
A. in B. to C. on D. after
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】句意为:有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers,意为“解决办法”,作此意时后跟介词to或towards,故选B项。21世纪教育网
【2011浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.
A. on B. for C. by D. of
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词。语义:我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作,for表示目的,意为“为了…”,符合题意。
【解析】
【2011四川卷 8】Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.
A. in B. for C. of D. on
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】on 表示关于,some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为:“Nick,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。21世纪教育网
【2011天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.
A. below B. of C. on D. above21世纪教育网
【答案】D
【考点】考察介词。
【解析】句意为:他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数;below average低于平均数;on average平均起来,一般说来。
【2011天津卷 5】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless
【答案】C21世纪教育网
【考点】考查连词。
【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为:尽管有规律的运动很重要,但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。
【2011重庆卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.
A. in B. for C. by D. from
【答案】D
【考点】考查介词。
【解析】句意为“Shirley,一个读书爱好者,经常从图书馆带些书回家去读”。
【2011江苏卷 32】We’d better discuss everything ______before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time
【答案】A
【考点】考查副词短语辨析。
【解析】句意:在我们制定计划之前,我们最好详细地讨论每件事。In detail详细地;in general通常,大体上;on purpose故意地;on time准时,按时。
【2011全国卷I 30】The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than21世纪教育网
【答案】B
【考点】考察连词用法
【解析】
【2011全国卷I 22】Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. sine D. as
【答案】D
【考点】本题考察连词。
【解析】题目前半句说,她试过;后半句说Sue不能打开门,明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然,尽管。
【2011浙江卷 6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ______it.
A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with21世纪教育网
【答案】A
【考点】考察短语用法
【解析】
【2011福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.
A. Far from B. Apart from C.Instead of D.Regardless of21世纪教育网
【答案】B
【考点】考查介词短语。
【解析】除了优质的服务外,这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from表“除……以外”,符合语意。far from“远离,远非”;instead of“代替,而不是”;regardless of“不管,不顾”。21世纪教育网
【2011安徽卷 24】To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ______, honest.21世纪教育网
A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after
【答案】B
【考点】考察连词用法
【解析】
【2011全国卷I 25】—Someone wants you on the phone.
—_____nobody knows I am here.
A. Although B. And C. But D. So
【答案】C
【考点】考察连词用法。
【解析】前半句为:有人给你打电话;后半句为:没有人知道我在这儿,根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选C。
【2011山东卷 23】Find ways to praise your children often, ____ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
A. till B. or C. and D. but
【答案】C
【考点】考并列连词用法。
【解析】分析前后分句逻辑关系,是条件或假设关系,而且“祈使句+and/or/otherwise…”固定句型所以选C.
【2011辽宁卷 31】Bring the flowers into a warm room ___ they'll soon open.
A. or B. and C. but D. for
【答案】B
【考点】考察连词用法。
【解析】固定句型祈使句+and/or+简单句。根据题意,应为顺承关系。
【2011江西卷27】 The haouse was too expensive and too hig. _______, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise
【答案】A
【考点】考察连词用法
【解析】句意为这个房子太贵太大。…我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides 此外,表并列,therefore 因此,表因果,somehow 无论如何,表转折,otherwise 除此之外,表转折。选A。【专题六】动词的时态和语态
【考情分析】
动词时态和语态在高考中的考查重点:
1.对下列十种时态的考查:
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时
2.既考查时态又考查语态;
3.考查动词的及物与不及物;
4.考查主动形式表示被动意义;
5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题;
6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。
【思想方法】
通过研读考例,领会动词时态和语态的判断方法。
注意:每一种时态都有其语法意义。例如:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始、持续到现在刚刚停止或仍然在继续进行。判断语态要看主语跟谓语动词之间的关系,若主语是动作的发出者,就用主动语态;反之,若主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
考点例析:
【2011全国卷,23】Planing so far ahead no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
A.made B.is making C.makes D.has made
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“计划这么超前毫无意义—到明年许多事情会发生变化的。”前句表示现在的情况make no sense,后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程,故不选。因此选C。
【2011全国卷,24】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.
A.was just being B.will just be C.had just been D.would just be
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。”句前wasn’t sure表明说话的起点是过去时,was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。
【2011全国卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.21世纪教育网
A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时,她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。”过去完成进行时主要表示持续到过去某时之前的动作。came to苏醒过来是过去时,苏醒前的情况是过去的过去,强调过去的过去里发生的事,故选A。
【2011全国卷II,9】If you don't like the drink you just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料,就把它放那儿,试试另一种。”don't like the drink是现在时,点饮料是过去的动作,因此,用过去时或现在完成时,故选A。
【2011北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词时态和语态。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“就在二战爆发前,美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态,主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系,谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点,before the second war是过去的过去,因此使用过去完成时。选D。
【2011北京卷,23】Tom in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的三个月里,Tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中出现的over the last three months,是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【2011北京卷,27】——That must have been a long trip.
——Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.
A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——那一定是长途旅行。——是的,我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测,提示时间在过去,描述过去的情况,排除A和B,D项was taking进行时态表将来,但事实上事情已发生,这与题意不符,因此选C。
【2011北京卷,32】——Bob has gone to California.
——Oh, can you tell me when he 21世纪教育网
A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。——噢,你能告诉我他什么时候离开的?”Bob has gone to California,去的动作已经发生过,说明他离开的动作发生在过去,因此使用一般过去时。选B。
【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.
A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里,全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里,其实是从过去算到现在,是现在完成时的标志。选B。
【2011天津卷,4】On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years.
A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“等到下次生日的时候,Ann结婚有二十年了。”her next birthday是将来的时间,for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态,故选D。
【2011上海春招,29】I’m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year.
A. studied B. had studied
C. will study D. have been studying
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功学习。”前半句I’m sure you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的状语从句不能用将来时,只能用现在时。this year今年,是个时间段。D项 have been studying表示一直持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成进行时。选D。
【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability.
A. design B. are designed
C. are designing D. are being designed
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动,故选B。
【2011山东卷,31】When I got on the bus, I I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当我上了车后,我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。”I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前,前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时,故选B。
【2011山东卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything!
A. had been e ating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也;她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了!”“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前,前一句交代了过去时间,因此选择过去的过去。故选B。
【2011江苏卷,21】——I hear you in a pub. what’s it like
——Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A.are working B.will work C.were working D.will be working
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——我听说你在酒吧里上班,这份工作怎么样?——咳,这是份辛苦活,老感到累,不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班,用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A。
【2011江苏卷,23】——Tommy is planning to buy a car.
——I know. By next month, he enough for a used one.
A. saves B .saved C.will save D. will have saved
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——Tommy将计划买车。——我知道,到下个月为止,他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志,全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作,对将来的时间next month产生影响,能买一辆旧车。故选D。
【2011福建卷,32】Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they
from China.
A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“上个月,日本政府对来自于中国的援助表示了感谢。”expressed是过去时,接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前,是过去的过去,故用过去完成时。选D。
【2011安徽卷, 32】——I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk
——I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——我并没有要这份名单。为什么我的桌子上放着这东西?——这是我刚刚放的,以备你需要。”I didn’t ask for和I put it there just now都表示过去的动作,很有迷惑性,但Why has it landed on my desk?是到说话时为止的情况,名单在桌面上。现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作,故选B。
【2011浙江卷,15】The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是,一切进展顺利。”was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时,排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时,过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去的动作发生过,这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符,因为事情还在进展中,故选C。
【2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village with kindness.
A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作,用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间,had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。
【2011四川卷,19】——What a mistake!
——Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.
A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——多么严重的错误呀!——是的,我曾经建议他换个方法做,但他没听。”他犯错误发生在过去,我提建议发生在他犯错误之前,是过去的过去,故用过去完成时。这里不是再现当时提建议的情景,故不用was suggesting。选D。
【2011重庆卷,21】That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who the piano upstairs
A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴?”在听的过程中才发出谁在弹钢琴的疑问,sound用的是现在时,交代的时间是现在,故选D。
【2011重庆卷,31】Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He to have been praised by the manager just now.
A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“看Tom脸上骄傲的表情,他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。”look at祈使句交代了时间是现在,seem表心理判断,没有进行时态,故选B。
【2011陕西卷,12】His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.
A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了好评。”since自从…以来,引导含有过去时的从句时,主句用现在完成时。故选D。21世纪教育网[来源:21世纪教育网]
【2011湖南卷,22】——John, what in your hand
——Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold
【答案】B21世纪教育网
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“——John,你手里拿的是什么?——看,这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。”两人对话以现在时间为参考点,现在(说话人说话时) 对方hold这个动作正在发生,故用现在进行时。选B。21世纪教育网
【2011湖南卷,27】In 1492, Columbus on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.
A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在1492年,哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛,但他误以为是印度的岛屿。”in 1492是过去时的标志,后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作,因此,这两个行为都统一在1492年里,排除D,故选B。
【2011湖南卷,30】It is the most instructive lecture that I since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“自从我到这个学校以来,这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。”since自从…以来,引导过去时的从句时,主句用现在完成时。选D。
【2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scentists.
A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在不久的将来,科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”in the near future表明了将来的时间,more advances与 make主谓关系上存在着被动,故选D。
【2011辽宁卷,28】I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I .
A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我一完成眼下正在做的事情就去图书馆。”主句是将来时,时间状语从句用现在时。finish与选项C的have done矛盾,故选B。
【2011辽宁卷,34】By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated
【答案】D21世纪教育网
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当杰克从英国返回家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。”by the time到…时候为止,一般与完成时连用。选D。
【2011江西卷30】We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody into the office during the night.
A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我们在早晨到达工作地点时,发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。”两个时间点,“有人闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前,是过去的过去,用过去完成时,选B【专题三】形容词和副词
【考情分析】
1.形容词、副词的作用与位置;
①多个形容词作定语排列的顺序
②enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语
③形容词作伴随状语和原因状语
2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语;
3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法;
①原级的用法
②比较级的用法
③最高级的用法
④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况
⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语
⑥more /less than及其相关结构21世纪教育网
4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。
【思想方法】
考点例析:
【2011全国卷,30】The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.
A.rather than B.other than C.more than D.better than[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】B
【考点】考查副词短语的辨义。
【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than而不;other than除了,相当于but和except;more than不仅仅;better than比…多、好。选B。
【2011全国卷II,12】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
【答案】A
【考点】考查程度副词的区别。
【解析】句意为“欣赏好的音乐是一回事,但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事。”表示“很,非常”时,very用来修饰形容词、副词或分词形容词,much用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级、最高级,也可修饰形容词性的过去分词或描述性形容词的原级;quite和rather都可修饰名词,但rather多用于贬义;another指的是another thing,这个名词受quite的修饰。因此选A。
【2011全国卷II,17】Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ——I really couldn't ask for a _______ boss.
A. better B. good C. best D. still better
【答案】A
【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。
【解析】句意为“为Stevenson先生工作真好,我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。”否定词couldn't与better连用,表示“非常好”,等于最高级;still better不能用于否定句中。因此选A。
【2011上海春招,28】You’d be exposed to a lot ______ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.
A. more B. most C. less D. least
【答案】C
【考点】考查形容词比较级的用法。
【解析】句意为“如果我们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去,我们受到的污染将会少得多。”空格前的a lot修饰比较级more或less,根据后面的语意,选C。
【2011江苏卷,25】In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.
A.special B.regional C.optional D.original[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】C
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“在那所学校,英语是学生的必修课,而法语和俄语是选修课。”special特别的,特意的;regional地区的,地方的;optional可选择的;original原始的,最初的。句中由but进行转折,由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修,所以正确答案为C。
【2011福建卷,30】Nowedays, there is a increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their talents.
A.sharp B.slight C.natural D.modest
【答案】A
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“现在的孩子们在创造力上有很大的提高,因为他们被极力地鼓励着去发展他们的天赋。”sharp明显的,急剧的;slight轻微的,稍稍的;natural自然的,天生的;modest谦虚的,不过分的。因此选A。
【2011安徽卷,31】_____, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently
【答案】C
【考点】考查副词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“庆幸的是,我终于打完了比赛,其中的辛苦没有白费。”hopefully充满希望地;normally正常地;thankfully庆幸地;conveniently方便地。根据句意,选C。21世纪教育网
【2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the ___________look in Maria’s eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture
A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh
【答案】B
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“根据Maria茫然的眼神,这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听懂。”cold冰冷的;blank空虚的,茫然的;innocent无辜的;fresh新鲜的。根据后面didn't understand,选B。
【2011浙江卷,13】I’ve been writing this report____ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly
【答案】C
【考点】考查副词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“在过去的两周里,我是时续时断地写这个报告,可是这个报告明天就得交了。”finally最终地;immediately立即,马上;occasionally偶尔地;certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意,选C。
【2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very ______right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.
A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible
【答案】A
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“现在,我的计划很紧凑,但我会尽力把你安排进去。”tight (安排)紧凑的, 紧密的;short简短的,短缺的, 不够;regular有规律的, 定期的,符合规定的;flexible柔韧的,灵活的,可变通的。21世纪教育网
【2011四川卷,12】——How are your recent trip to Sichuan
——I’ve never had one before.
A.a pleasant B.a more pleasant C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant21世纪教育网
【答案】B
【考点】考查比较级的否定用法。
【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样?——从来没有这么愉快过。”否定词never与a more pleasant连用,表示“非常愉快”,等于最高级。the most pleasant是特指,需要有比较的范围,但是这个范围并不存在。因此选B。
【2011陕西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one。
A.as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【答案】B
【考点】考查倍数的表达法。
【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。”表示倍数的词做修饰语时,放在as的前面,即“倍数 + as + adj + as”, 因此选B。
【2011湖北卷,23】The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________,though slow.
A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady
【答案】D
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“这位年长的工程师,古铜色的脸上布满皱纹,但目光炯炯。当他走过房间时,步子虽慢但是沉稳。”shaky颤抖的;heavy沉重的;casual漠不关心的,冷淡的;steady稳定的。根据前面的交代,选D。
【2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s characters; however, they are not always_________,
A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial
【答案】C
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“不幸的童年可能会对人的性格产生一些消极的影响;然而,这些影响不总是持久的。”practical实际的,实用的;avoidable可避免的;permanent永久的,持久的;beneficial有益的。根据语意,选择C。
【2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A. transparent B. reasonable C. secure D. formal
【答案】A21世纪教育网
【考点】考查形容词的辨义。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“这家国营企业被要求财务尽可能做到透明,以便公司的员工能对金钱的使用加以监督。”transparent透明的;reasonable合理的;secure安全的;formal正式的。根据句意,选A。
【2011江西卷24】——The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.[来源:21世纪教育网]
——Why It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B.much less interesting
C. no more interesting D.any less interesting[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】A
【考点】考察形容词比较级。
【解析】句意为“——我得说,这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。——什么?这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级,放于比较级前。根据应答者用“Why ”进行的反问,选A。
【2011江西卷33】She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ______ about her job.
A.special B.responsible C.unusual D.particular
【答案】D
【考点】考察形容词的固定搭配。
【解析】句意为“她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。”be particular about 对…挑剔,是固定搭配。选D。【专题九】名词性从句
【考情分析】
名词性从句在高考中的考查重点:
1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别;21世纪教育网
2.名词从句的语序和时态;
3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;
4.宾语从句的否定转移;
5.whether和if的用法区别;
6.what在名词性从句中的使用;
7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;
8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别;
9.连接词that的省略;
【思想方法】
考点研读:
【2011北京卷 22】__________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【答案】B21世纪教育网
【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
【解析】句意:这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A,此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句,且what在从句中作offer的宾语,故答案为A项。21世纪教育网
【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what B. if C. how D. that
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
【解析】句意为:证据表明,所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构,从句中不错成分,故用关联词that。
【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.
A. why B. that C. which D. what
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。
【解析】句意为:你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。
【2011山东卷 26】I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
【答案】D
【考点】考查表语从句。
【解析】句义:我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家,那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
【2011山东卷 33】We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where B. what . whether D. which
【答案】C
【考点】此题考查宾语从句的引导词。
【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作,但我不知道她是否会接受”。whether “是否“, where “哪里“what “什么”,which “哪个“。
【2011江西卷 26.】The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【答案】C
【考点】考察宾语从句和主语从句。
【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。
【2011江苏卷 26】It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
【答案】A
【考点】考查主语从句。
【解析】句意:这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
【2011安徽卷 33】His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】句意为:他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语make out引起的的宾语从句,该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语,表示事物,故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分;how作方式状语;who作主语,指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
【2011四川卷 10】Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】in介词之后所接的宾语从句中缺少及物动词do的宾语,指事物,故填what。why“为什么”;how“怎么样”;which“哪一个”。
【2011辽宁卷 23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ______ to read first.
A. what B. who . how D. why
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句。21世纪教育网
【解析】句子意思:20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知,that aims to teach ______ to read first.是定语从句,修饰先行词class,在此定语从句中,teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词,故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。
【2011辽宁卷 32】When the news came _____ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because
【答案】C
【考点】考查同位语从句。
【解析】句意:当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容,且从句中不缺少成分,故为同位语从句,用that连接。
【2011天津卷 13】Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
【解析】句意为:现代科技已经给出了充分的证据,表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。
【2011陕西卷 15】I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词性从句中的表语从句。
【解析】后面从句不完整,do后面缺少宾语,所以要填连接代词what,答案D。21世纪教育网
【2011重庆卷 22】It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词性从句。
【解析】still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whether…or not也可以做出正确选择。
【2011重庆卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
【答案】B
【考点】考查宾语从句。
【解析】What引导宾语从句,同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。
【2011湖南卷)31】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
【答案】A
【考点】本题考察的是名词性从句中主语从句。
【解析】从句中缺表语,排除B和D;又因题目没有给出problem的范围,故选A;句意:在解决问题之前,一定要弄清楚问题是什么。21世纪教育网
〖10福建〗We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗宾语从句
〖解析〗空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物, 考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。
〖10湖南〗Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew
she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查名词性从句。
〖解析〗该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。
〖10天津〗As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. When D. which
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查名词性从句。
〖解析〗句意:作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
〖10北京〗 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查主语从句。
〖解析〗句意:一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。
〖10浙江〗—How about camping this weekend, just for a change
—OK, you want.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查引导词。
〖解析〗句意:“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的?” “好啊, 按你的意思吧!”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
〖10浙江〗It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查主语从句的引导词。
〖解析〗根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what, 形容词 “什么样的”, 起修饰作用。
〖10上海〗One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗此处考查的是同位语从句。
〖解析〗考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。
〖10湖北〗The news ________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
〖答案〗that the housing price will fall
〖考点〗同位语从句
〖解析〗用 “that” 引导同位语从句, “房价”译成 “housing price”。
〖10山东〗Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查宾语从句的引导词。[来源:21世纪教育网]
〖解析〗句意应为 “在大甩卖开始前, 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
〖10上海〗When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。
〖10四川〗How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查介词后的宾语从句。
〖解析〗根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”
〖10全国Ⅰ〗We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗根据选项此题考查从句。题
〖解析〗句意:我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句, 根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。
〖10湖北〗I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.
A. who B. where C. what D. how
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗宾语从句
〖解析〗我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A, 错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。
〖10全国Ⅱ〗—Have you finished the book 21世纪教育网
---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.
A.which B.what C.hat D.where
〖答案〗D21世纪教育网
〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗Up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句;而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。
〖10江苏〗—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A.where B.how C.when D.what
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查表语从句。
〖解析〗这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。
〖10北京〗Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查表语从句。
〖解析〗从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意:狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
〖09湖南〗She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗名词性从句的引导词。
〖解析〗句意为:她对我们来说是非常宝贵, 我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。句中缺少宾语, 选项中只有whatever符合句意可引导宾语从句作动词do的宾语并在从句中充当动词take to的宾语。 答案C。
〖09江西〗The fact has worried many scientists ______the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A. what B. which C. that D. though
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗间隔式同位语从句的用法。
〖解析〗近年来地球气候逐渐变暖, 很多科学家已经为此担忧。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。【专题八】状语从句
【考情分析】
状语从句在高考中的考查重点:21世纪教育网
1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别;
2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;
3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;
4.till和until的用法;
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法;
6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;
7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;
8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;
9. in case引导的状语从句;
10.where引导的状语从句;
11.once引导的状语从句。
12.unless引导的条件状语从句
13.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。[21世纪教育网]
【思想方法】
考点研读:
【2011全国卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether C. as D. since
【答案】A
【考点】考查连词。句意:那顿饭真美味,尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”,引导让步状语从句,该句使用了省略形式,补全为“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“尽管”,但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。
【解析】
【2011北京卷 29】__________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
【答案】D
【考点】考查让步状语从句。
【解析】句意为:虽然排球是她的主要项目,但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。Since“自从”once“一旦”unless“除非”均不合题意。
【2011上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ____ it comes out on DVD.
A. whether B. after C. though D. until
【答案】D
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为:如果众人都说一部电影不好,我不会急着去看,或者会等到结果出来。
【2011上海卷 37】The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
【答案】C
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为:为了让我们大家过上平安的日子,我市警察工作非常卖力。
【2011江西卷 29】Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever
【答案】A
【考点】考察状语从句连接词
【解析】whenever无论何时,however然而 whichever任何一个 wherever 无论哪里。请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会议,或者在任何你方便的 。关系副词在后句中充当状语,根据语境可知是指时间,选A。
【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after B. while C. since D. when
【答案】D
【考点】考察状语从句连接词。21世纪教育网
【解析】语义表示我们正在收拾行李,这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。Be doing when表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)…”是常见结构,故选D项。
【2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.21世纪教育网
A.that B.when C.since D.before
【答案】B
【考点】考查时间状语从句。
【解析】句意为:2001年4月29日,威廉王子和凯特步入了婚姻的殿堂。
【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为:尽管我很费力才将他叫醒,但Frank坚持说他没有睡着。Although引导让步状语从句。
【2011四川卷 6】As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
【答案】D
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句(谓语为一般过去时)”为固定句型,故答案选D。句意为:“正如所报道的那样,自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”
【2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【解析】句意为:无论沙漠多么的干燥,都不肯能没有生命。How+adj.+陈述语序。
【2011辽宁卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
【答案】D
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为:他刚一结束演讲,同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no sooner…than….。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【2011陕西卷 17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【答案】B
【考点】考查状语从句。
【解析】句意为:
【2011天津卷 5】____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless
【答案】C
【考点】考查连词。
【解析】although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为:尽管有规律的运动很重要,但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。
【2011陕西卷 19】__________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
【答案】B
【考点】考查让步状语从句。While的意思是“虽然,尽管”,相当于though或although’。这句话的意思是:虽然他们都是强有力的候选人,但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。
【解析】
【2011山东卷 28】He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that
【答案】C
【考点】引导词。
【解析】句意“他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物。”in case 为“以防;以免”even if为“即使”if only 为“如果…”,so that “为了,以便”。
【2011重庆卷 30】To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.
A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever
【答案】C
【考点】考查让步状语从句。
【解析】句意为“我们不论是跟谁握手的时候,我们常常将手套取下,以示尊敬。”shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”,本句中的with后缺少宾语,结合句意选C项,whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。
【2011湖南卷 33】Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______he had done something very clever.
A .as if B. in case C. while D. though
【答案】A21世纪教育网
【考点】本题考察状语从句的用法。
【解析】根据句意,空格处需要填入"好像,仿佛"。故选A。句意:Jack什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
〖10湖南〗Tim is in good shape physically he doesn’t get much exercise.
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查状语从句的引导词。
〖解析〗句意为:“尽管Tim不经常锻炼, 但他身材很好。”前后是让步转折关系, 故选B项。
〖10山东〗The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。
〖解析〗句意应为“学校规章规定:除非有成年人陪同, 否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示 “除非”用unless。该句式构成了 “连词+过去分词”结构。
〖10上海〗 you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.21世纪教育网
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗让步状语从句
〖解析〗根据句意 “无论你有多么严重的问题, 你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”, 而however表让步时其顺序应是:however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词, 相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词, 意为 “无论、不管” , 引导让步状语从句, 其序为 “however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。
〖10四川〗Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break she got to her office.
A. since B. that C. when D. until
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查状语从句。
〖解析〗句意为: “因为交通阻塞, 当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。”, 故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句, 故正确答案为C。
〖10 陕西〗John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查状语从句。
〖解析〗所填词引导状语从句, 构成It(will)be+时间段+状语从句, 意思是:过多久才将......, 选C。[来源:21世纪教育网]
〖10重庆〗Today, we will begin _______we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when B. where C. how D. what[21世纪教育网]
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查状语从句。
〖解析〗由句意:今天, 为了不遗漏要点, 我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。【专题五】动词和动词短语
【考情分析】
动词及短语动词在高考中的考查重点:
1.系动词的比较;
2.动词和短语动词的习惯用法和意义辨析(高考的重中之重)。
【思想方法】
通过研读历年考例,积累动词短语的用法。
考点例析:
【2011全国卷,34】William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .
A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage
【答案】C
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】disappear消失,不复存在;fall降落,跌倒,降低;fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱;damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了,因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程,故选C。
【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“玛丽,我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind… of… 就…提醒(某人),使(某人)想起…;warn含有警告的意思。
【2011天津卷,6】I a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered
【答案】B[来源:21世纪教育网]
【考点】考查动词的辨析。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后,我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。
【2011江苏卷,28】——Are you still mad at her
——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.
A.deny B.refuse C.reject D.decline
【答案】A[来源:21世纪教育网]
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“——你还生她的气吗?——不见得,但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认,否定;refuse,reject ,decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。
【2011福建卷,28】I’d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等), 推迟,留到以后,与后面的until相一致。
【2011安徽卷,21】As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”
develop开发, 发展,把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。
【2011湖北卷,26】Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking.
A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve
【答案】B
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功,知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引,导演(戏剧或电影);指挥(管弦乐队);limit限制;change改变;improve改进,改善。根据句中but的转折,选B。
【2011湖北卷,27】The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”
A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】negotiate谈判;quarrel吵架,争吵;argue辩论,争辩;consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说:‘我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论,但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。’”根据句意选A。
【2011湖北卷,28】Clinical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明:比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计,这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术,操作;strenghten加强;approve赞成;accumulate积累,(数量)逐渐增加。故选D。
【2011辽宁卷,22】What are you doing out of bed, Tom You're to be asleep. ,
A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered
【答案】A
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“Tom,你不睡觉做什么?你现在应该睡觉。”out of bed未上床,起床的意思,be supposed to do应当,应该。
【2011辽宁卷,24】You are old enough to your own living.
A.win B. gain C. take D. earn
【答案】D
【考点】考查动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“你长大了,可以自谋生路了。”earn one’s living 谋生,固定搭配。
【2011全国卷,26】I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to
【答案】B
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是脏我讨厌。”come up with想出, 提出;put up with 忍受, 容忍;turn to转向,翻书到,求助于,(使)变成;stick to坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于。不整洁的;凌乱的
【2011天津卷,8】She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across
【答案】D
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“昨天在百货商店购物时,她遇上了她的老朋友。”turn down拒绝;deal with对付,处理;take after 长得像,性格类似于,效仿;come across穿过, 越过,偶然遇见。
【2011山东卷,25】They are broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic.
A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out
【答案】B
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。”put off推迟;speed up加快;turn on打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等),(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋;work out算出,实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量,故选B。
【2011江苏卷,30】——You look upset. What’s the matter?
—— I had my proposal _______ again.
A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down
【答案】D
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“——你看上去不高兴,怎么啦?——我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turn over翻身,翻转,把……移交;turn on打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等),(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋;turn off关掉(电器、水龙头等),使厌烦;turn down关小(音量等),拒绝。根据句意选D。21世纪教育网
【2011福建卷,31】Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back
【答案】A
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“出身在一个三兄弟家庭,David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。”bring up教育,养育(孩子),呕吐(食物);turn down关小(音量等),拒绝;look after照顾;hold back阻碍,抑制,隐瞒。21世纪教育网
【2011安徽卷, 34】If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon
【答案】A
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要,你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到;care about关心,在乎;look for寻找;focus upon专注于。
【2011浙江卷,6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it,
A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with
【答案】A
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的,但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用,尽量好好去做;get away from逃离;keep an eye on照看,,留心; 注意;catch up with追上,赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化,选A。21世纪教育网
【2011浙江卷,12】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night.
A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up
【答案】D
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【解析】句意为“他决定一路驾车回家,不在旅馆留宿。”put down放下,平定, 镇压,记下;put off推迟;put on穿上,戴上,上演,假装,增加;put up举起,建立,张贴,投宿。根据句意选D。
【2011四川卷,7】To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.
A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
【答案】A[来源:21世纪教育网]
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“为了获得好成绩,你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over审查,复习,重温从头到尾检查一遍;get over越过,完成,克服(困难),从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来;turn over翻身,翻转,把……移交;take over接管; 接替。
【2011四川卷,14】I often the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.
A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into
【答案】A
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。”look up查(单词、电话号码等);look at看,注视(某人或某物);look for寻找;look into深入地检查,研究,调查。
【2011陕西卷,25】Some insects________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
【答案】C
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】take in吸收,欺骗;take off拿走, 取下,脱去(衣服等),起飞;take on承担,呈现,雇用;take out把…带出去,清除, 除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己,让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”
【2011湖北卷,29】The government has taken measures to _________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.21世纪教育网
A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down
【答案】B
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。”take down拆卸,记录,记下;bring down 使(某物或某人)掉下〔倒下〕, 击败,降(价);hand down把…传递下来,遗留; 流传;tear down拆毁; 拆卸。根据后面的“保持市场的稳定”选B。
【2011辽宁卷,26】The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
【答案】C
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】句意为“考试结果将在星期五下午公布。”put down放下,平定, 镇压,记下;put off推迟;put up举起,建立,张贴,投宿;put away放好,储存,抛弃。根据句意选C。
【2011江西卷35】You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t ____ as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.
【答案】C
【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。
【解析】run out 耗尽;break out 打破;work out 算出,实现;put out 扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。【专题一】冠词、名词
【考情分析】
1.冠词在高考中的考查重点:
冠词虽小,只有a,an和the三个,但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言,以单项选择为主,有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。
2.名词在高考中的考查重点:
一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。
【知识交汇】
冠词[来源:21世纪教育网]
1. 以考查冠词的基础用法为重点(特指,类指,泛指), 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法;21世纪教育网
2. 和某些抽象名词连用,使其具体化将成为考查重点;
3. 理解有无冠词意义不同的词组;
4. 对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语,特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。
名词
熟记近义名词的辨析
熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如:advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle;family, audience等等
掌握名词的抽象化和具体化
掌握名词的所有格
注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复21世纪教育网
熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用
【思想方法】
冠词考点例析:
1.【2011全国卷,33】It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填21世纪教育网
【答案】A
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉,能挺身而出,勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指,表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。
2.【2011全国卷II,16】As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.
A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a
【答案】D
【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight是泛指,相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。21世纪教育网
3.【2011山东卷,21】Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.
A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a
【答案】B
【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
【解析】句意为“别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。选B。
4.【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso.
A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a
【答案】D
【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。
【解析】句意为“专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画;a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有one的含义。因此选D。
5.【2011四川卷,18】Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
A. 不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a; A
【答案】A
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说,我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长,职务前面不加冠词;a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。
6.【2011重庆卷,26】In communication, a smile is usually __________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an
【答案】C
【考点】考查冠词的用法。21世纪教育网
【解析】句意为“在相互交流中,微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前,泛指一类事物;friendly and open 是并列,修饰attitude。因此选C。
7.【2011陕西卷,13】As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不填
【答案】C
【考点】考查冠词的用法。
【解析】句意为“众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前;第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。
8.【2011江西卷22】——It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _____ year.
—— Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.
A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a
【答案】B
【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。
【解析】前一句句意为:据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作,表时间单位每年,冠词用a,后一句说没错,他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。21世纪教育网
名词考点例析:
1.【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.
A.consequence B.independence C.competence D.intelligence
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果,结果;independence独立;competence能力,胜任,称职;intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。
2.【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果;cause原因;warning警告;reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系,故选B。
3.【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.
A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions
【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“不管怎样,我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪;principle原则,准则;regulation规定,规则;opinions意见。根据句意选B。
4.【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s
.
A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“时刻记住:这些危险物品,比如刀子,要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系,不接触;out of sight看不见, 在视野之外;out of reach手够不着, 达不到;out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品,选C。
5.【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“Tommy,快跑!快点!房子着火了!”母亲大声叫喊,嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气;rudeness粗鲁;regret后悔;panic惊慌,慌乱。根据句意选D。
6.【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition
【答案】B21世纪教育网
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定,现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题;commitment 承诺,许诺,保证;competition比赛,竞争;ambition抱负,雄心,野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应,故选B。
7.【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of
【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时,许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论;in need of需要;in favor of赞成;in praise of表扬,赞扬。
8. 【2011江西卷31】What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point
【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】sympathy同情,theme 主题,object 物体,point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么?选D。
9.【2011山东卷,34】There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时,他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统;balance平衡;concern关心;relationship关系,联系。句中somebody 与they相照应,说明不止一次,因此用tradition作答案。
10.【2011江苏卷,32】We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A.in detail B.in general C.on purpose D.on time
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切,然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地;in general一般而言, 总的来说;on purpose故意地;on time准时。根据句意,先讨论后定计划,选A。21世纪教育网【专题七】定语从句
【考情分析】
定语从句在高考中的考查重点:[来源:21世纪教育网]
1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;
2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;
3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;
4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;
5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别;
6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;
7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略;
8.含有插入语的定语从句;
9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
【思想方法】
通过研读考例,熟悉6个关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose、as及3个关系副词where、when、why的用法。
考点研读:
【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系,译为作者的故事,因此选C。句子的意思是:我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。
【2011全国卷II)7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【答案】D
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,首先排除A和C;根据空前的逗号可知,该句为非限制性定语扶句,排除B。该从句应用which引导,which在从句中作主语,代指前丽的整个句子。
【2011北京卷)26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【考点】考查非限定性定语从句。
【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。
【2011上海卷) 39】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
【答案】A
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】先行词为the bus station,从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语,故用关系代词which。
【2011山东卷)32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
【答案】D
【考点】此题考察定语从句的引导词。
【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses,在从句中作主语。句意为:这座古老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子挨得很近。
【2011江西卷)34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
【答案】C
【考点】考察定语从句
【解析】先行词为museum,在从句中充当定语,博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。21世纪教育网
【2011江苏卷)24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【答案】A
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】句意:音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间,在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval,when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构,判断从句类型,题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇,此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺,后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事,所以这是一个非限定性定语从句,先行词为interval,非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分,而且interval表时间,所以正确答案为A.
【2011安徽卷)28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
【答案】A
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】句意为:剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱,在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出,该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语,该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语,故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语;which在从句中作主语或宾语;while是连词,不能用于定语从句。
【2011浙江卷)8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
【答案】A
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures,先行词在从句中做each of的宾语,所有应用关系代词which。
【2011浙江卷)10】A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
【答案】C
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.,先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应该用关系副词where。
【2011福建卷)24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
【答案】A
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】分析句子成分可知,an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开,该从句缺少主语,所以用which。
【2011福建卷)33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.berore
【答案】B
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】去掉It was及that后,April 29,2011不可以单独作时间状语,所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29,2011。
【2011四川卷)17】The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where21世纪教育网
【答案】D
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop,在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店,——其主顾大多是学生,——因为放假就关门了。”
【2011天津卷)10】The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
【答案】A
【考点】考察定语从句。
【解析】句意为:when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为:全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。
【2011陕西卷)11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
【答案】B
【考点】考查定语从句。
【解析】先行词是hill,表地点,定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语,所以应用关系副词where。,答案选择
【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that[来源:21世纪教育网]
【答案】C
【考点】本题考察定语从句中复合关系代词的用法。[来源:21世纪教育网]
【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言,故选C;句意:Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,这三种语言她说得都很流利。
〖10福建〗Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
2
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗定语从句
〖解析〗先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。
〖10湖南〗I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
〖答案〗A21世纪教育网
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。
〖10江西〗The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.
A where B who C which D what
〖答案〗A21世纪教育网
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。[来源:21世纪教育网]
〖10山东〗That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查定语从句的引导词。
〖解析〗句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。
〖10山东〗Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句
〖解析〗考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that
we may return to in the near future.21世纪教育网
〖10天津〗-----Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut
-----You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as B. which C. where D. that
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗句意:—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗?—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barber’s 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。
〖10四川〗After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为: “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
〖10全国Ⅰ〗As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗此题考查非限定性定语从句。
〖解析〗句意:还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。根据选项此题考查从句, 空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。
〖10江苏〗The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗定语从句
〖解析〗定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙
〖10 陕西〗The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
〖答案〗D
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗所填词引导定语从句, 先行词是the old temple, 关系词在从句中做roof的定语, 用关系代词whose, 选D。其余选项与题意不符。
〖10全国Ⅱ〗I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗定语从句。
〖解析〗不定代词something作主语, 用that引导。
〖10湖北〗My mother was so proud of all ________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)
〖答案〗that I had done
〖考点〗定语从句
〖解析〗先行词是 “all”的时候, 定语从句只能由 “that”引导, 又因为主句是一般过去时, “我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情, 所以要用过去完成时。
〖10湖北〗________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)
〖答案〗As we have stressed
〖考点〗非限定性定语从句
〖解析〗当句子以整个主句作为先行词, 又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导, 主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语
〖10北京〗Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. [21世纪教育网
A. what B. whose C. which D. thatwww. 21世纪教育网. com/gaokao/beijing
〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。
〖解析〗不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。
〖10重庆〗In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗考查定语从句。
〖解析〗development与先行词cities之间是所属关系, 所以选whose。句意是:在中国, 城市的数量在增加, 城市的发展被全世界意识到。
〖10浙江〗The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查定语从句引导词。
〖解析〗由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为:这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。