【精品解析】2019年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）

2019年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the
first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
I 　 　 (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. "How will I make friends "
She handed me advice. "Be yourself." For the past 20 years. I have
lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously
　 　 (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to 　 　 (I) the two
simple words "Be yourself".
【答案】voiced；facing；myself
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
（1）考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填voiced。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 “Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
（3）考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，代词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
2．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth
Day, 　 　 (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 　 　 1970, the
Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a
way to get involved in various 　 　 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant
a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are
endless.
【答案】marked；in；activities
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
（2）考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
（3）考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数。故填activities。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词以及介词等知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
3．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does
the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question 　 　
(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college
seems to matter much more than 　 　 they go. The students benefitting most
from college are those 　 　 are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of
the college's chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking
about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations
for a healthy and 　 　 (meaning) college experience.
【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested；where；who/that；meaningful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
（1）考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
（4）考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
4．（2019·北京）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul
Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their
college classes on time.
A
retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been （1） free rides to college students for the past
eight years. Since he first started （2） his car to the young people. Wilson has （3） am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless
pleasant and often humorous （4） with
the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's （5） have gone on to become physicians, teachers
and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding
a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students （6） call him "Grandpa".
Tina
Stern （7） rides
from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to
her than just free （8） . "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting
there in （9） silence
or with your headphones on." Stern said. "He asks you questions and
actually （10） the
answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll （11） those things."
Wilson
first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit
organisation. On Point for College. Although the （12） asks the members only to drive students to and
from their classes, Wilson often goes （13） to ensure the welfare and safety of the
students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson
is there to （14） them.
If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest
store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives
to and from school, Wilson never （15） to buy them a meal.
For
many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely （16） for them to be able to complete their college
education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to （17） vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
For them, riding with Wilson has （18） them
to complete their education—but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the （19） .
"I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's
such a(n) （20） to
be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them
and hearing their stories."
（1）A．linking B．sending C．offering D．distributing
（2）A．donating B．lending C．delivering D．volunteering
（3）A．paved B．covered C．measured D．wandered
（4）A．arguments B．interviews C．negotiations D．conversations
（5）A．met B．driven C．addressed D．greeted
（6）A．even B．ever C．once D．already
（7）A．earned B．received C．assessed D．demanded
（8）A．transportation B．style C．time D．communication
（9）A．forced B．awkward C．ridiculous D．suspicious
（10）A．selects B．recites C．guesses D．remembers
（11）A．act on B．settle on C．check on D．agree on
（12）A．club B．league C．college D．programme
（13）A．far B．around C．beyond D．forwards
（14）A．assist B．watch C．urge D．warm
（15）A．expects B．attempts C．manages D．hesitates
（16）A．extra B．unusual C．necessary D．adequate
（17）A．share B．fuel C．repair D．exchange
（18）A．required B．allowed C．reminded D．convinced
（19）A．experience B．arrangement C．appreciation D．employment
（20）A．effort B．ambition C．privilege D．convenience
【答案】（1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）D；（5）B；（6）A；（7）B；（8）A；（9）B；（10）D；（11）C；（12）D；（13）C；（14）A；（15）D；（16）C；（17）A；（18）B；（19）A；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
（1）考查动词。A. linking“连接”；B. sending“寄送”； C. offering“提供”；D. distributing“分配”。根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故选C。
（2）考查动词。A. donating“ 捐献，捐赠”；B. lending“借出”；C. delivering“发表，投递”；D. volunteering“自愿”。根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故选D。
（3）考查动词。A. paved“铺设，安排”；B. covered“行走，覆盖”；C. measured“”测量”；D. wandered “徘徊，漫步”。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。故选B。
（4）考查名词。A. arguments“争论”；B. interviews“接见，采访”；C. negotiations“谈判”；D. conversations“谈话”。 Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故选D。
（5）考查动词。A. met “遇见”；B. driven“驾车，开车”；C. addressed“从事，忙于，写地址”；D. greeted“问候，迎接”。根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”， drive“驾车送（人）”。故选B。
（6）考查副词。A. even“甚至”；B. ever“永远，曾经”；C. once“一次，曾经”；D. already“已经”。这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故选A。
（7）考查动词。A. earned“获得”；B. received“收到”；C. assessed“评估”；D. demanded“要求”。根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故选B。
（8）考查名词。A .transportation“运输，运送”；B. style“风格，类型”；C. time“时间，次数”；D. communication“交流”。对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation意为“运送”。故选A。
（9）考查形容词。A. forced“强迫的”；B. awkward“尴尬的，笨拙的”；C. ridiculous“可笑的”；D. suspicious “可疑的，怀疑的”。Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。”坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故选B。
（10）考查动词。A .selects“选择”；B. recites“背诵”；C. guesses“猜测”；D. remembers“记住，记得”。每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故选D。
（11）考查动词短语。A. act on“对……起作用”；B. settle on“定居，决定”；C. check on“检查，核实”；D. agree on“对……取得一致意见”。在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候， Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故选C。
（12）考查名词。A. club“俱乐部”；B. league“联盟，社团”；C. college“大学”；D. programme“项目，计划”。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作了一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，故选D。
（13）考查副词。A. far“远地”；B. around“到处”；C. beyond“更远处，超过”；D. forwards“向前”。结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student gets hungry…”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故选C。
（14）考查动词。A. assist“帮助”；B. watch“观看”；C. urge“强烈要求”；D. warm“使温暖”。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。故选A。
（15）考查动词。A. expects“期望”；B. attempts“试图”；C. manages“经营，设法”；D. hesitates“犹豫”。从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故选D。
（16）考查形容词。A. extra“额外的”；B. unusual“不寻常的”；C. necessary“必需的”；D. adequate“充足的，适当的”。根据下文中“Some students don't have a reliable car, while others….For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故选C。
（17）考查动词。A. share“分享”；B. fuel“加燃料”；C. repair“修理”；D. exchange“交换”。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。故选A。
（18）考查动词。A. required“需要”；B. allowed“允许”；C. reminded“提醒，使想起”；D. convinced“说服，使信服”。乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。allow sb. to do sth.固定短语“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”，故选B。
（19）考查名词。A. experience“经历，经验”；B. arrangement“安排”；C. appreciation“欣赏，感激”；D. employment “雇用，使用”。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。故选A。
（20）考查名词。A. effort“努力”；B. ambition“雄心，志向”；C. privilege“荣幸，特权，优待”；D. convenience“ 方便，便利”。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的荣幸，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇记叙文，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
5．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people
and do something worthwhile at the same time You can do all the three with
Global Development Association (GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever
you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a
poor and remote community (社区).
We
work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are
aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely
important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such
roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending
on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to
safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also
design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not
only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn
new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet
new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
This
summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Country Schedule
　
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul.- 1Aug. 20Jun. -7Aug.
Egypt 24 Jul-20 Aug. 19Jun.-6 Aug.
Kenya 20 Jul.-16Aug. 18 Jun.-5 Aug.
South Africa 2Aug.-29 Aug. 15 Jun.-2Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with
community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our
projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There
is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to
develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find
out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:
www.glodeve.org
Email:
humanresources@glodeve.org
（1）What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers
A．To seek local partners B．To take in young volunteers
C．To carry out programmes D．To foster cultural awareness
（2）The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.
A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．South Afria
（3）The shared goal of GDA's projects to ________.
A．explore new cultures B．protect the environment
C．gain corporate benefit D．help communities in need
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些值得的事。作者为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase ...,or help to project....You might also design...”可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据这个表格中4-week programmes中的最后一个South Africa 2 Aug-29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段中的“you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.”和倒数第二段中地“All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities”可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生要求准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
6．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it " With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
（1）How did Moore react to her dad's warning
A．She argued with him. B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
（2）What is special about CanCandy
A．It is beneficial to dental health.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies.
D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
（3）What does Moore expect from her business
A．To earn more money. B．To help others find smiles.
C．To make herself stand out. D．To beat other candy companies.
（4）What can we learn from Alice Moore's story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, ‘Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it '及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路解决问题。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.”可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.”可知，Moor想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad
that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By
next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of
the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches
intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little,
too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have
moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the
number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question
whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's
because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation
technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At
this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to
produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it
was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These
developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.
The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than
precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily
learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able
to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for
example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number
and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking
you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers
follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still
done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing
relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We
need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers
and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating
what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos
and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls
altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face
Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to
lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A．Panicked B．Confused C．Embarrassed D．Disappointed
（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A．aim at victims precisely B．damage databases easily
C．start campaigns rapidly D．spread information widely
（3）What does the passage imply
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edited.
C．There are more solutions than problems.
D．Credibility holds the key to development.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】科普环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，我们通过支持和开发旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.”可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the
world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according
to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny
marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called
phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these
phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour
varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of
phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some
areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where
they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into
the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon
in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global
climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable
to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean
and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and
carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's
Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes
to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour
of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little
phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the
Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas
will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean
changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive B．Beneficial C．Significant D．Unnoticeable
（3）What can we learn from the passage
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
（1）段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
9．（2019·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 　 　 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
　 　 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. 　 　 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." 　 　
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
　 　. An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.
【答案】B；E；G；D；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ”大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人；根据空后“Companies spend millions hiring top business people. ”公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed.”他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. ”为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. ”一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.”一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
五、书面表达（共两节，35分）
10．（2019·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：①交通出行；②必备衣物。
注意：①词数不少于50；②开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in
China.
I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and
I'll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to
Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both
cities.
Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so
take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】 本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给英国好友Jim回复一封邮件。写作背景：Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：①交通出行；②必备衣物。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in China.运用了名词性从句； I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I'll show you around.运用了宾语从句，虚拟语气以及并列句；After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. 运用了非限制性定语从句； Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.运用了因果并列句。
11．（2019·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon
【答案】 Last week I took part in a
farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us
about the programme with the theme "Working is most beautiful". And
he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.
When I got home, I packed up my luggage for
the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons.
While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot
sun.
When I came back home, I shared my
experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.
【知识点】看图写话
【解析】【分析】本文属于图画作文，全文可分成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。文章使用了宾语从句 how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.，还使用了 At the class meeting, When I got home, On the farm, While working, When I come back home等过渡词。考生写作时注意上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，那么要适当使用过渡词语。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要富有变化。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.运用了时间状语从句； While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.运用了省略句； When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. 运用了宾语从句。
1 / 12019年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the
first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
I 　 　 (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. "How will I make friends "
She handed me advice. "Be yourself." For the past 20 years. I have
lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously
　 　 (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to 　 　 (I) the two
simple words "Be yourself".
2．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth
Day, 　 　 (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 　 　 1970, the
Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a
way to get involved in various 　 　 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant
a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are
endless.
3．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does
the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question 　 　
(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college
seems to matter much more than 　 　 they go. The students benefitting most
from college are those 　 　 are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of
the college's chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking
about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations
for a healthy and 　 　 (meaning) college experience.
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
4．（2019·北京）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul
Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their
college classes on time.
A
retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been （1） free rides to college students for the past
eight years. Since he first started （2） his car to the young people. Wilson has （3） am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless
pleasant and often humorous （4） with
the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's （5） have gone on to become physicians, teachers
and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding
a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students （6） call him "Grandpa".
Tina
Stern （7） rides
from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to
her than just free （8） . "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting
there in （9） silence
or with your headphones on." Stern said. "He asks you questions and
actually （10） the
answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll （11） those things."
Wilson
first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit
organisation. On Point for College. Although the （12） asks the members only to drive students to and
from their classes, Wilson often goes （13） to ensure the welfare and safety of the
students. If they have problems with registration.
Wilson
is there to （14） them.
If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest
store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives
to and from school, Wilson never （15） to buy them a meal.
For
many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely （16） for them to be able to complete their college
education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to （17） vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
For them, riding with Wilson has （18） them
to complete their education—but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the （19） .
"I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's
such a(n) （20） to
be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them
and hearing their stories."
（1）A．linking B．sending C．offering D．distributing
（2）A．donating B．lending C．delivering D．volunteering
（3）A．paved B．covered C．measured D．wandered
（4）A．arguments B．interviews C．negotiations D．conversations
（5）A．met B．driven C．addressed D．greeted
（6）A．even B．ever C．once D．already
（7）A．earned B．received C．assessed D．demanded
（8）A．transportation B．style C．time D．communication
（9）A．forced B．awkward C．ridiculous D．suspicious
（10）A．selects B．recites C．guesses D．remembers
（11）A．act on B．settle on C．check on D．agree on
（12）A．club B．league C．college D．programme
（13）A．far B．around C．beyond D．forwards
（14）A．assist B．watch C．urge D．warm
（15）A．expects B．attempts C．manages D．hesitates
（16）A．extra B．unusual C．necessary D．adequate
（17）A．share B．fuel C．repair D．exchange
（18）A．required B．allowed C．reminded D．convinced
（19）A．experience B．arrangement C．appreciation D．employment
（20）A．effort B．ambition C．privilege D．convenience
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
5．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people
and do something worthwhile at the same time You can do all the three with
Global Development Association (GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever
you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a
poor and remote community (社区).
We
work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are
aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely
important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such
roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending
on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to
safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also
design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not
only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn
new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet
new people who'll become your lifelong friends.
This
summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Country Schedule
　
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul.- 1Aug. 20Jun. -7Aug.
Egypt 24 Jul-20 Aug. 19Jun.-6 Aug.
Kenya 20 Jul.-16Aug. 18 Jun.-5 Aug.
South Africa 2Aug.-29 Aug. 15 Jun.-2Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with
community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our
projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There
is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to
develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find
out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:
www.glodeve.org
Email:
humanresources@glodeve.org
（1）What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers
A．To seek local partners B．To take in young volunteers
C．To carry out programmes D．To foster cultural awareness
（2）The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.
A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．South Afria
（3）The shared goal of GDA's projects to ________.
A．explore new cultures B．protect the environment
C．gain corporate benefit D．help communities in need
6．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it " With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
（1）How did Moore react to her dad's warning
A．She argued with him. B．She tried to find a way out.
C．She paid no attention. D．She chose to consult dentists.
（2）What is special about CanCandy
A．It is beneficial to dental health.
B．It is free of sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than other candies.
D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
（3）What does Moore expect from her business
A．To earn more money. B．To help others find smiles.
C．To make herself stand out. D．To beat other candy companies.
（4）What can we learn from Alice Moore's story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
7．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad
that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By
next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of
the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches
intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little,
too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have
moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the
number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question
whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's
because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation
technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At
this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to
produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it
was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These
developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.
The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than
precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily
learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able
to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for
example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number
and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking
you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers
follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still
done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing
relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We
need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers
and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating
what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos
and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls
altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face
Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to
lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A．Panicked B．Confused C．Embarrassed D．Disappointed
（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A．aim at victims precisely B．damage databases easily
C．start campaigns rapidly D．spread information widely
（3）What does the passage imply
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edited.
C．There are more solutions than problems.
D．Credibility holds the key to development.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
8．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the
world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according
to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny
marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called
phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these
phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour
varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of
phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some
areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where
they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into
the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon
in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global
climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable
to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean
and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and
carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's
Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes
to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour
of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little
phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the
Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas
will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean
changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."
（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sensitive B．Beneficial C．Significant D．Unnoticeable
（3）What can we learn from the passage
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
（4）What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
9．（2019·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
Much of the work in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 　 　 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent
　 　 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. 　 　 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." 　 　
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
　 　. An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.
五、书面表达（共两节，35分）
10．（2019·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：①交通出行；②必备衣物。
注意：①词数不少于50；②开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
11．（2019·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：西瓜watermelon
答案解析部分
1．【答案】voiced；facing；myself
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
（1）考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填voiced。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 “Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
（3）考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，代词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
2．【答案】marked；in；activities
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
（2）考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
（3）考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数。故填activities。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词以及介词等知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
3．【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested；where；who/that；meaningful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
（1）考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
（4）考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
4．【答案】（1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）D；（5）B；（6）A；（7）B；（8）A；（9）B；（10）D；（11）C；（12）D；（13）C；（14）A；（15）D；（16）C；（17）A；（18）B；（19）A；（20）C
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
（1）考查动词。A. linking“连接”；B. sending“寄送”； C. offering“提供”；D. distributing“分配”。根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故选C。
（2）考查动词。A. donating“ 捐献，捐赠”；B. lending“借出”；C. delivering“发表，投递”；D. volunteering“自愿”。根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故选D。
（3）考查动词。A. paved“铺设，安排”；B. covered“行走，覆盖”；C. measured“”测量”；D. wandered “徘徊，漫步”。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。故选B。
（4）考查名词。A. arguments“争论”；B. interviews“接见，采访”；C. negotiations“谈判”；D. conversations“谈话”。 Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故选D。
（5）考查动词。A. met “遇见”；B. driven“驾车，开车”；C. addressed“从事，忙于，写地址”；D. greeted“问候，迎接”。根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”， drive“驾车送（人）”。故选B。
（6）考查副词。A. even“甚至”；B. ever“永远，曾经”；C. once“一次，曾经”；D. already“已经”。这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故选A。
（7）考查动词。A. earned“获得”；B. received“收到”；C. assessed“评估”；D. demanded“要求”。根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故选B。
（8）考查名词。A .transportation“运输，运送”；B. style“风格，类型”；C. time“时间，次数”；D. communication“交流”。对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation意为“运送”。故选A。
（9）考查形容词。A. forced“强迫的”；B. awkward“尴尬的，笨拙的”；C. ridiculous“可笑的”；D. suspicious “可疑的，怀疑的”。Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。”坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故选B。
（10）考查动词。A .selects“选择”；B. recites“背诵”；C. guesses“猜测”；D. remembers“记住，记得”。每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故选D。
（11）考查动词短语。A. act on“对……起作用”；B. settle on“定居，决定”；C. check on“检查，核实”；D. agree on“对……取得一致意见”。在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候， Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故选C。
（12）考查名词。A. club“俱乐部”；B. league“联盟，社团”；C. college“大学”；D. programme“项目，计划”。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作了一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，故选D。
（13）考查副词。A. far“远地”；B. around“到处”；C. beyond“更远处，超过”；D. forwards“向前”。结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student gets hungry…”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故选C。
（14）考查动词。A. assist“帮助”；B. watch“观看”；C. urge“强烈要求”；D. warm“使温暖”。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。故选A。
（15）考查动词。A. expects“期望”；B. attempts“试图”；C. manages“经营，设法”；D. hesitates“犹豫”。从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故选D。
（16）考查形容词。A. extra“额外的”；B. unusual“不寻常的”；C. necessary“必需的”；D. adequate“充足的，适当的”。根据下文中“Some students don't have a reliable car, while others….For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故选C。
（17）考查动词。A. share“分享”；B. fuel“加燃料”；C. repair“修理”；D. exchange“交换”。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。故选A。
（18）考查动词。A. required“需要”；B. allowed“允许”；C. reminded“提醒，使想起”；D. convinced“说服，使信服”。乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。allow sb. to do sth.固定短语“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”，故选B。
（19）考查名词。A. experience“经历，经验”；B. arrangement“安排”；C. appreciation“欣赏，感激”；D. employment “雇用，使用”。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。故选A。
（20）考查名词。A. effort“努力”；B. ambition“雄心，志向”；C. privilege“荣幸，特权，优待”；D. convenience“ 方便，便利”。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的荣幸，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇记叙文，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些值得的事。作者为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。
（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase ...,or help to project....You might also design...”可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据这个表格中4-week programmes中的最后一个South Africa 2 Aug-29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段中的“you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.”和倒数第二段中地“All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities”可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生要求准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
6．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, ‘Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it '及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路解决问题。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.”可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.”可知，Moor想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【知识点】科普环保类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，我们通过支持和开发旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human—sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.”可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
（1）段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．【答案】B；E；G；D；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ”大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人；根据空后“Companies spend millions hiring top business people. ”公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。该空承上启下，也是在举例，B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed.”他们专注于足球、篮球和篮球。结果有好有坏。这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. ”为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. ”一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.”一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。该空引出下文，F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
10．【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in
China.
I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and
I'll show you around. Tianjin will be your next stop. After that, you can go to
Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. You can take high-speed trains to both
cities.
Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so
take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】 本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给英国好友Jim回复一封邮件。写作背景：Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：①交通出行；②必备衣物。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in China.运用了名词性从句； I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I'll show you around.运用了宾语从句，虚拟语气以及并列句；After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week. 运用了非限制性定语从句； Summer in these cities is hot and rainy, so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you.运用了因果并列句。
11．【答案】 Last week I took part in a
farmwork programme in the suburbs.
At the class meeting, our teacher told us
about the programme with the theme "Working is most beautiful". And
he stressed the importance of working with our own hands.
When I got home, I packed up my luggage for
the trip.
On the farm, we helped pick watermelons.
While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot
sun.
When I came back home, I shared my
experiences with my parents. And they were very proud of me.
【知识点】看图写话
【解析】【分析】本文属于图画作文，全文可分成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。文章使用了宾语从句 how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.，还使用了 At the class meeting, When I got home, On the farm, While working, When I come back home等过渡词。考生写作时注意上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，那么要适当使用过渡词语。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要富有变化。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.运用了时间状语从句； While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.运用了省略句； When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents. 运用了宾语从句。
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