高中英语单选解题技巧

高考英语单项填空题干扰点解题指导(上)
单选已经由传统的单纯的考查语法知识向英语应用的方向发展了，单独考察语法知识的试题越来越少，语法知识的运用能力成为考察的重点。
本讲将从单项填空题的命题的特点，干扰项的设计以及解题技巧三方面，结合历年高考试题进行探讨：
单选的命题特点：
强化语境，增加了语法知识与语言环境的综合运用，体现高考试题“注重语境，强调运用”的指导思想。
涉及知识面广，涵盖了交际，时态，语态，冠词，形容词，副词，动词，非谓语动词，定从及状从等。其中动词 一直是单选的考察重点。
总体难度下降，基本剔除了以前的偏题怪题。
干扰性强。每小题中的三个干扰项，常有一至二个选项难以排出，有可能诱导考生选错答案。
二．单选的干扰项设计：
干扰之一：利用思维定势
容易做题时按照熟悉的语法规则和局部搭配，往往还没弄清整个题干的意思，就做出了选择，结果就错了。
例如：
which do you enjoy ____your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park
A. spending B. to spend C. having spend D. to have spent
2. ---English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it
--- Yes,______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. know B. knowing C. to know D. known
3. The day we had been looking forward to _____ at last.
A.come B. came C. coming D. to come
干扰之二： 利用汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面都有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如
汉语中的“参加”在许多情况下都适合用，如参加会议，考试，解放军等，但在英语中，因不同的宾语用不同的动词
例如：
---It ‘s getting late .I am afraid I must be going now.
---Ok ,______.
A. Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C. Stay longer D. See you
Mr. Smith used to smoke _____but he has given it up .
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly
---What’s made Tommy so upset
---_____ the game. It shocked him so much.
A. For losing B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
干扰之三： 利用题干惯性
此类题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果导致错选。
例如：
Few pleasure can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day .
A. some B. any C. that D. those
2. ---You haven’t been to Beijing ,have you
---______.How I wish to go there !
A. Yes, I have. B. Yes , I haven’t. C. No, I have. D. No, I haven’t.
3. ---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
----______.
A. I don’t. B. I won’t. C. I cannot. D. I haven’t
干扰之四： 利用形近词汇或结构
把相似，相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，使一些基础知识掌握不牢的考生难以区分。
例如：
The films made by Disney _____ all over the world .
A. are used to show B. are used to showing
C. used to be shown D. used to show
干扰之五：巧妙设置语言环境
命题人在题干中没有明确将事件或空间背景表示出来，而是比较巧妙的隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会选错。
例如:
The price ______,but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A. went down B, will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
高考英语单项填空题干扰点解题指导(下)------单选解题技巧
注意分析句子结构，确定选择方向
一个句子所使用的标点符号，有无连词，往往起到决定性的作用，而插入语，省略语等在一定程度商会干扰考生的思维。请比较以下两道题：
George Orwell , _____was Eric Blair, wrote many political novels and essays .
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
______some of this juice—perhaps you will like it .
A. Trying B. Try C.To try D. Have tried
排除母语干扰，规范英语表达。
----Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident
--- No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt .
A. it was B. there was C. there were D. there had
---Excuse me ,________
---That’s $35,76 altogether ,madam.
how much is the meal we’ve had
but can I take your order
could I have the bill ,please
would you please take the money
______, tears came to his eyes.
A. Reading the letter B. He was reading the letter
C. When he was reading the letter D. The letter was being read
巧用逻辑推理法
单选想完形填空一样要以句意顺畅，符合逻辑，符合情理为主要选答依据，切勿在没弄清句意的情况下就因为某些固定搭配而上当错误选择。
I’m sorry I can’t help ____ the floor of the classroom .
A.sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
牢记固定短语及句型还原
在某些复合句中，被修饰的先行词与定语从句中的动词可构成固定短语。
That was ______ we had in London three years ago !
A. wonderful time B. a wonderful time
C. wonderful D. wonderfully
I am sorry for the trouble I have put you ______ the problem .
A. to solve B. of solving
C. to of solving D. to have solved
总之高考单选虽然不多，但是考查内容广泛，并突出了综合性和语境化的特点。结题时应结合语境，灵活运用语法，词汇知识，透过现象看本质，排除干扰项，从而达到分析问题和解决问题的最终目的。