Unit 1 Cultural relics 复习课件

(共133张PPT)
1.____________[vɑ z] n．花瓶；瓶　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.____________['dIn stI]n.朝代；王朝
3．____________['f nsI] adj.奇特的；异样的　vt.想象；设想；爱好
4．____________[staIl] n．风格；风度；类型
5.____________['d u l] n．珠宝；宝石
6．____________[‘ɑ tIst] n．艺术家
7.____________[tru p] n．群；组；军队
8．____________[rI‘mu v] vt.移动；搬开
9.____________[da t] n．怀疑；疑惑　vt.怀疑；不信
10．____________[w θ] prep.值得的；相当于……的价值　n. 价值；作用　adj.(古)值钱的
11．____________[dI‘beIt] n．争论；辩论　vi.争论；辩论
12.____________['ka sl] n. 城堡
13．____________[meId] n. 少女；女仆
答案：1.vase　2.dynasty　3.fancy　4.style　5.jewel　6.artist　7.troop　8.remove　9.doubt　10.worth　11.debate　12.castle　13.maid
1.______________ adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的→______________ adv.
2．______________ adj.贵重的；有价值的→____________ n．价值
3．______________ v．幸免于；幸存；生还→______________ n．生还；幸存→______________ n．幸存者
4．______________ vt.使吃惊；惊讶→____________ n．→______________ adj.令人惊讶的→____________ adj.感到惊讶的
5．______________ vt.挑选；选择→______________ n.
6．______________ n．设计；图案；构思　vt.设计；计划；构思→______________ n．设计师
7．______________ v．装饰；装修→____________ n．装饰物；装饰
8．______________ adj.木制的→______________ n．木头；树林
9．______________ adj.以前的；从前的→______________ adj.(反义词)后来的，后期的
10．______________ adj.本地的；当地的→__________ adv.
11．______________ n．绘画；画→______________ vt.绘，画；油漆，刷
12．______________ n．审判；审讯；试验→______________ vt.
13．______________ n．根据；证据→______________ adj.明显的，清楚的
14．______________ vi.爆炸→______________ n.
15．______________ n．入口→______________ vt.进入
16．______________ n．水手；海员；船员→______________ vi.航海，航行
17．______________ vi.下沉；沉下→______________(过去式)→______________(过去分词)
18．______________ adj.非正式的→______________ adj.(反义词)
答案：1.rare，rarely　2.valuable，value　3.survive，survival，survivor　4.amaze，amazement，amazing，amazed　5.select，selection　6.design，designer　7.decorate，decoration　8.wooden，wood　9.former，latter　10.local，locally　11.painting，paint　12.trial，try　13.evidence，evident　14.explode，explosion　15.entrance，enter　16.sailor，sail　17.sink，sank/sunk，sunk/sunken　18.informal，formal
1.调查________________　　　　　　　　　　
2.属于________________
3．寻找________________
4.作为报答________________
5．处于交战状态________________
6.拆开________________
7．看重；器重________________
8.少于 ________________
答案：1.look into　2.belong to　3.in search of　4.in return　5.at war　6.take apart　7.think highly of　8.less than
1.我不怀疑他会获胜。(用doubt)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：I don't doubt that he will win.
2．他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。(用which引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He came late again，which made his boss angry.
3．随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。(用prove)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：As time went on，his theory proved correct.
4．我不知道是否能再见到你。(用wonder)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：I wonder if I could see you again.
5．这两个男孩一般重。(用be of)
________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The two boys are of the same weight.
一、帮你归纳
1．survive v．幸免于；幸存；生还
A survives B A比B活得长
survive on...靠……存活下来
survive from...从……存活下来；从……流传下来
survive the accident在事故中幸免于难
提示：survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要再加多余的in。当survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时，用“A survives B by＋时间”结构表示。
这样考过
①(2009·襄樊调研)—All passengers but Lucy died in the traffic accident.
—Only she ________？
A．survived　　　　　　　B．fled
C．missed D．rescued
解析：考查动词辨析。survive“幸免于难”；flee“逃跑”；miss“惦记；错过”；rescue“营救”。由句意：除Lucy以外所有乘客都在交通事故中丧生，即只有她幸免于难。故选A。
答案：A
2．amazing adj.令人吃惊的
amazed adj.惊奇的
amazed at/by sb. /sth.对……大为惊奇
amazed to see/find，etc 惊奇地看到，发现
amazement n. 惊奇
to one's amazement 使某人大为惊奇的是
in amazement 惊愕地，惊奇地
amazingly adv.令人惊奇的是，竟没有人注意到
可能这样考
②When Schwarzenegger was going to become the No.1 movie star in Hollywood，the reporter was surprised and ______.
A．amazed B．excited
C．disappointed D．scared
解析：由and及其前的surprised(吃惊的)可以看出此空应填amazed。
答案：A
3．design v．计划，谋划；设计，构思，n.图案，花样；设计，计划
design to do/doing sth.计划干某事
carry out a design 实施一项计划
make designs for...设计……
by design 故意的；蓄意地
design sth.for some purpose 指定某物做某用途
be designed for＝be planned for＝be intended for
为……设计；被打算用来做
designer n．设计者
这样考过
③(临沂模拟)This kind of toy is __________ for children above three.
A．promised B．allowed
C．designed D．used
解析：此题考查动词用法。根据题意选C。句意为：“这种玩具是给三岁以上的孩子设计的。”
答案：C
④(2009·淄博联考)His ________ of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.
A．shape B．pattern
C．design D．model
解析：model 在此句中意为“(飞机的)模型”。而shape“形状”；pattern“式样，模式”；design“设计”。
答案：D
还可能这样考
⑤Whether by accident or by________，he arrived too late to help us.
A．purpose B．aim
C．design D．chance
解析：purpose与介词on搭配，chance与by搭配，表示“偶然的”；design与by搭配，表示“故意地，蓄意地”。
答案：C
4．fancy adj. 奇怪的；异样的　vt.想象；设想；爱好　n．想象力；幻想；爱好
fancy oneself(as sth.) 自命不凡；自负
fancy＋n.＋(to be)/as＋n. 认为……是……
fancy(sb. 's)doing 想象(某人)做某事
have a fancy for 爱好
catch/take sb. 's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb. /sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物
提示：fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等，后接名词或代词作宾语。
可能这样考
⑥They are too ________ for me；I prefer the plain ones.
A．ordinary B．fancy
C．imaginary D．common
答案：B
5．belong to vt.属于，是……的成员，是……的组成部分，是……的属性(职能等)
belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；belong也可与介词短语或副词连用，表示“适合归属或放在某处”
可能这样考
⑦After you have used the dictionary，please put it back________it belongs.
A．where B．to which
C．what D．that
解析：where为连接副词，在从句中作地点状语，因此belong之后不能加to。put back之后应接地点状语；to which 引导定语从句，而此句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词。
答案：A
⑧These boys________our football team.
A．are belonging to B．are belonged to
C．belong to D．belong of
解析：belong to意为“属于”，没有进行时态和被动语态形式。
答案：C
6．in return 作为回报；作为交换
without return 无赚头；无利润
by return (接信后)立即回复
in return for 为……作为回报
return sb. sth.(＝return sth.to sb. )将某物归还某人
return to some place/life 回到某地/复活
这样考过
⑨(2009·宜昌调研)He helped me，and ________ hoped that I would do something for him.
A．in return B．in reality
C．in need D．in store
解析：in return “反过来作为对……的报答”。
答案：A
⑩(2009·无锡调研)The young fellow is determined to work harder ________ the help from his friends.
A .in search of B．in return for
C．in terms of D．in charge of
答案：B
7．at war 处于交战状态
at peace (with oneself/sb. /sth.)让(自己)平静；与(某人/某物)和睦、和好
at work 在工作　　　　at school 在上学
at table 在吃饭 at sea 在航海
at play 在玩耍 at will 任意，随意
at home 感觉舒适自在，无拘束
at heart 在内心里，在本质上
at sight 一见
8．remove v．移动，搬开
可能这样考
I'd like you to________my name from your list.I don't want to be involved in the matter.
A．modify B．guide
C．remove D．move
解析：句意为“我想要你把我的名字从你的名单里去掉，我不想卷入这件事”。remove有“取消，去掉”的意思。modify“修饰”；guide“指导”；move“移动”。
答案：C
9．take apart 拆开；拆卸
tell...apart 分清；区别；辨别
apart from 除……之外
fall apart 崩溃
take in 吸入；吞入；欺骗
take off 脱下(衣服)；起飞；休假
take on 聘用；呈现
take over 接管，接手
take up 占据(时间、空间)；从事；开始
提示：take apart的宾语若为代词时，要放在take与apart之间。
这样考过
(2009·四川押题卷)I don't know what to ________ at the university.I can't make any forecasts about my future.
A．take in B．take over
C．take off D．take up
解析：考查动词词组辨析。take up“从事；占据”；take in“吸收；欺骗”；take over“接管，继任”；take off“起飞；成功；脱掉”。由句意：我不知上大学学什么专业。对于未来我不能预测。综上选D。
答案：D
(2009·湖北重点联考)His face ________ an embarrassed smile when he heard the result of the competition.
A．came on B．took up
C．took on D．turned into
解析：考查动词短语辨析。四个动词短语的主要含义：A.“开始，打开”；B.“开始从事，对……有兴趣，着手处理”；C.“雇用，具有(某种特征、面貌等)，呈现，露出”；D“变成”。由语境可知，他的脸上“露出”尴尬的微笑，因此选C。
答案：C
还可能这样考
Something is wrong with the machine，and we have to
________ the engine ________.
A．take; apart 　　　 B．tell; apart
C．take; off D．take; up
答案：A
10．worth 值(多少钱)；值得
(1)be worth＋money(the price) 值……
(2)be(well)worth doing sth.很值得做某事
(3)be worthy of sb. /sth.值得……
提示：①worth后接动名词时，用主动形式表达被动意思。而worthy后接动名词，需要用被动式表达被动的意思。所以不能出现be worthy doing sth.的表达，因为doing逻辑上的宾语正是句子的主语。
②表达“非常值得”不能用very修饰worth，而应用well。
这样考过
(2009·苏中四市联考)—Have you looked through the plan
—Not yet.This plan is ________ careful consideration.
A．short of B．fond of
C．proud of D．worthy of
解析：考查形容词短语辨析。worthy of“值得……”；short of“缺少……”；fond of“喜欢……”；proud of“对……感到骄傲、自豪”。由句意：这个计划值得仔细考虑。知答案为D。
答案：D
(2009·河南六市联考)—What do you think of the furniture on sale
—Pretty good.But ________ what you bought with the samples，I don't think it ________ the money.
A．comparing；worth
B．compared；worthwhile
C．compare；worthy
D．comparing; value
解析：本题意为：“你认为正在出售的那件家具怎么样？”“很好。但是和你买得那件相比，我认为它不值这些钱。”“和……相比”用“comparing”，故B、C排除；“值……钱”应该用“worth”，而不用“value”。“value”意为“给某物估价；重视；尊重。”
答案：A
(2009·洛阳统考)His first book is of great use for our course.But his latest one is ________ worth reading.
A．better B．more
C．much D．very
解析：better 更好，他最新的一本书(相比于第一本)更值得读了。
答案：A
11．think highly of 对……评价很高
think of 考虑(＝think about)；想到
think of...as 把……看作；以为……是
think highly/well/little/poorly of
对……评价极高(很好/不高/不好)
speak highly/well/badly of 对……高度评价(评价低)
这样考过
(2009·开封模拟)The teacher as well as the students ________ the boy's handwriting.
A．think highly of
B．thinks highly of
C．sing high praise for
D．sings highly praise for
解析：考查单复数语态。在“A as well as B”的结构中，语态应与“A”相适应。
答案：B
12．debate vt.& vi.& n．与……辩论；争论；参加辩论
debate sth.辩论某事
debate doing sth.就做某事而辩论
debate on/about sth.辩论某事
have a debate/debates 进行辩论
辨析：debate表示辩论的目的在于说服对方
argue条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由
discuss从不同的观点出发、讨论某事
quarrel表示争吵
可能这样考
There was a long________in Parliament on the question of capital punishment.
A．disagreement B．quarrel
C．fight D．debate
解析：disagreement不同意；quarrel争吵，吵架；fight战斗，与题意不符。
答案：D
The two sides debated________each other________who was the better for a whole day.
A．to; to B．with; about
C．about; with D．between; in
解析：根据debate构成的句式，第一空应该用with表示“与人争论”，第二空应该用about，表示“因某事而争论”。
答案：B
13．adapt (oneself) to
adapt (oneself) to...适应于……
adapt...to...使……适应……
adapt...for...(from sth.)(根据某事)改编成某事
adaptation n．改编，改写的作品
adaptable adj.人能适应的，可改造的
这样考过
(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析：句意：关于孩子们好的事情是他们能很容易就适应新的环境了。adapt适应，适合；appeal to 吸引，呼吁；attach to 绑，缚；apply to 向……申请，应用。
答案：A
二、帮你解疑
1．Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a place outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
后来，叶卡捷娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外地避暑的宫殿中。
句中的had the Amber Room moved是have sth.done结构，也就是“have＋名词/代词(宾语)＋过去分词(宾语补足语)”结构，其中的have是使役动词，从字面上看应该是“使某事被做”，也就是“请人做某事(自己不去做或无法亲自做)”。例如：
I shall have my hair cut.我要理发。
I would like to have the car repaired.我要请人修车。
Her dress is too long.She must have it shortened.
她的衣服太长，要请人改短一点。
We ought to have her examined by the doctor.
我们应该请医生给她检查一下。
have sth.done结构与have后其他宾补结构的对比：
(1)“have＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语补足语)”结构中，宾语与宾补之间是动宾关系。例如：
When he fell off his bike，he had his leg hurt.
当他从自行车上摔下时，伤了腿。
(2)“have＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语补足语)”结构中，宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，具有两层含义：一种是表示“使某人/某物处于某种状态之中”；另一种是用于否定句中，表示“容忍/允许某人做……”。例如：
He had all the lights burning.他让所有的灯都亮着。
I won't have you saying such a thing to your mother.
我不能容忍你对你母亲讲这种事。
(3)“have＋宾语＋省略to的不定式(宾语补足语)”结构中，宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，强调一次具体性的动作。例如：
He had me wait for him.他叫我等他。
Our teacher had us hand in the papers before class.
老师要求我们上课前将试卷交上去。
这样考过
①(2010·盐城测评)His room needs ________， so he must have it ________.
A．painting; painted
B．painted; painting
C．painting; painting
D．painted; painted
答案：A
2．there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
这是一个固定句型，doubt多作不可数名词， that引导的是同位语从句，用来说明doubt的具体内容。其常用的表达方式有：
(1)对于……没有怀疑
There is no doubt about/as to...
There is little/not much doubt that...
There is not much doubt about/as to...
Sb. has/have no doubt that...
There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.
毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功的。
I have no doubt that we shall be able to do something for you.我不怀疑我们能为你做点事。
(2)对于某事是否……持有怀疑
There is some doubt whether...
There is some doubt about/as to...
Sb. has/have some doubt whether...
Sb. has/have some doubt about/as to...
There is some doubt whether she will come on time.
她是否会准时来有点让人怀疑。
I have some doubt about his words.
对于他的话我有些怀疑。
提示：doubt 作动词“怀疑”讲时，常用搭配为：在肯定句中，后接whether/if引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中，后接that引导的宾语从句。如：
I don't doubt that Chinese diet is the healthiest in the world.我相信中国的饮食是世界上最健康的。
We doubt if/whether he will be invited to the party.
我们怀疑他是否会被邀请参加晚会。
辨析：There is no doubt that.../It is no wonder that...
(1)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问；很可能。该句型中doubt 常和there be 句型连用。如：
There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问，他一定会成功的。
(2)It is no wonder that...＝No wonder(that)．..难怪，一点都不奇怪。该句型中it 作形式主语。如：
He always studies hard；no wonder that he has passed the examination.
他学习一直都很用功，难怪他通过了考试。
类似的结构还有：
There is no need to do.../for sth.
没有必要做……/不需要做某事
There is no knowing/telling....
没法知道/说……
There is no question of.../that...……是没有问题的。
There is a saying that...有一种说法……
There is no hope of doing sth./that...做某事没有希望了
There is no possibility to do sth...没有做某事的可能性
There is a possibility (that)．..有可能……
There is always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.他回到西雅图总是有可能的。
There is not much hope that they are still alive.＝
There is not much hope of their still being alive.
他们仍然活着的希望不是很大。
与doubt 有关的常用短语：
in doubt/with doubt 怀疑地
without doubt 毫无疑问
no doubt 毫不怀疑
out of doubt/beyond doubt 不容怀疑
Beyond doubt，he will recover.
他会康复，这是不容怀疑的。
The cause of the accident is still in doubt.
那个事件的原因尚未确定。
He is clever，no doubt，but he is cold，too.
他确实很聪明，但也很冷漠。
I'll be back on Friday without doubt.
我定会在星期五回来。
这样考过
②(2009·河池模拟)—The Smiths expressed the idea of making peace with us.
—I have no doubt ________ they are honest.They always mean what they say.
A．what　　　　　　 B．which
C．that D．whether
解析：考查名词性从句。由句意：我一点也不怀疑他们是诚实的。空缺处应填一个连接词，引导同位语从句，对doubt进行解释、说明，但不作句子成分。又由于用在否定句中(其前有no)，故选C。
答案：C
③(2009·苏中四市两区联考)If ________，give me a ring and I will do whatever I can to help.
A．in doubt B．beyond doubt
C．without doubt D．open to doubt
解析：in doubt“不确定”；beyond doubt“无疑地”；without doubt“无疑地；确实地”。句意：如果你不确定，可打电话给我，我会尽力帮你。
答案：A
3．In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审判中，一位法官必须断定哪些证人的话可以相信，哪些不可以相信。
①疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
②“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”经常用在某些动词(短语)后面作宾语，这样的动词(短语)有：tell，show，know，learn，teach，find out，forget，wonder，remember等。
③因为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后面加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当形式的谓语即可。
这样考过
④(2009·四川)He told us whether ________ a picnic was still under discussion.
A．to have B．having
C．have D．had
解析：句意：他告诉我们是否出去野餐还在讨论中。这里考查了非谓语动词的不定式结构作主语。该题目的新意在于结合了whether 引导的宾语从句结构，不定式to have a picnic作从句的主语。在非谓语动词中，只有不定式和动词 ing形式可以作句子的主语。不定式结构能用于表示将来或未发生的动作，而动词 ing形式常表示一般性或常规的动作。
答案：A
4．表示与前述情况一致的句式
(1)nor/neither＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语，表示另一主语与前面所述的否定概念相同。意义为“……也一样不，……也不”。
My sister can't swim，nor/neither can her husband.
我姐姐不会游泳，她丈夫也不会。
If you don't go to the cinema，nor will I.
如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
I don't know，nor do I care.我不知道，也不关心。
(2)“so＋系动词(情态动词或助动词)＋(与前句不同的)主语”表示前句中的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。so代替上文中的动作或概念，表示“也是这样，也是如此”。注意：两句中应使用同类助动词且应时态一致。
She can speak French and so can her husband.
＝She can speak French and her husband can speak French，too.她会讲法语，她丈夫也会。
I have lost a bike and so has he.
＝I have lost a bike and he has also lost one.
我丢了一辆自行车，他也丢了一辆。
(3)“so＋(与前句相同的)主语＋系动词(情态动词或助动词)”表示“某人(某物)确实……”，so含有“确实”之意。
—She speaks French very well.她法语说得很好。
—So she does.她说得确实很好。
(4)如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需要用So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。
Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.So it was with Jane./It was the same with Jane.玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。
—I like English but I can't study it well.
我喜欢英语但学不好。
—So it is with my brother.我弟弟也是。
这样考过
⑤(2008·辽宁)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and ________.
A．I was neither B．neither was I
C．I was either D．either was I
解析：句意：比尔对贾森推迟做报告这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不(高兴)，neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb. 表示某人也不(同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I 句式，故选B项。
答案：B
⑥(2009·长沙雅礼中学)In the 1980's，the Walkman was hugely popular and ________ when CDs arrived.
A．so the Discman was
B．the Discman was so
C．so was the Discman
D．was so the Discman
解析：由句意知为so＋系动词＋主语结构，指另一人或物也适用于前面所说的肯定情况，即CDs也是这样。故选C。
答案：C
⑦(2009·陕西西安中学)Although he is a farmer with a third grade education，he always thinks of how he can make a robot. So ________.
A．am I
B．do I
C．it is with me
D．it is the same with me
解析：句意：尽管他只是个上过三年学的农民，但他总是在想怎样造出机器人。我也是这样。说明前者所说的情况也适用于后者，而句中既含有系动词又含有实义动词(或上句既有肯定又有否定)，这时便用So it is/ was with sb. / sth.，故选C。So am I适用于含有be动词的情况；So do I适用于含实义动词的情况；it is the same with sb. 不再与so搭配。
答案：C
5．the way 后面的定语从句
(1)the way的用法相当于连词，当way后面跟有定语从句时，常用that/in which，或可以省略。例如：
I did not like the way(that/in which)he talked to me.
我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。
I was never allowed to do things the way(that/in which)I wanted.从来就不允许我按照自己的想法去做事情。
注意：in a way，in the way也有类似的用法。例如：
He was looking at her in a way(that/in which)he looked at strangers.他看着她的样子像看一个陌生人。
We have to make it work in the way(that/in which)they want it to.我们必须按照他们的想法把事情办好。
(2)way后面可跟不定式做定语，也可跟“of＋动名词”结构做定语，两者没有重要的区别。例如：
There is no way to prove he stole the money.
＝There is no way of proving he stole the money.
无法证明他偷了钱。
6．less...than...
(1)可用于同一人或事物，比较其本身所具有的两种性质、状态或情况，并认为后一种情况更准确，更符合实际一些，可译为“与其说……不如说……”。例如：
She was less nervous than frightened.
与其说她是紧张，不如说她是害怕。
He is less a singer than a musician.
与其说他是歌唱家，倒不如说他是音乐家。
(2)可用于不同人或事物的劣等比较，表示“不足(及)或较低”的意思。例如：
You are less honest than he.
＝You are not so honest as he.你不如他诚实。
This novel is less interesting than that one.
这本小说没有那本有趣。
这样考过
⑧(2009·安徽“江南十校”素质测试)What a wonder！They've finished________ half of the project in such a short time.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
解析：no more than 仅仅；no less than 不少于，多达；not more than 不多于，至多；much less than 远远少于。根据句意“这么短时间内他们已经完成了不少于一半的项目了”知选B。
答案：B
7．“it is＋adj.＋不定式”句型
(1)“it is＋adj.＋不定式”是固定句型，表示“干……是……的”。
其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。例如：
It's necessary to help each other.互相帮忙是必要的。
It is impossible to get there at 3 o'clock.
3点钟到那儿是不可能的。
(2)it's＋adj.＋for sb. to do和it's＋adj.＋of sb. to do的区别是：
①for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征、特点，用于表示客观形式的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等之后。例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门语言是很难的。
②of sb. 一般用来表示人物的性格、品德，用于表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，silly，right等之后。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me.
你能帮助我，你真是太好了。
It was silly of us to believe him.
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It was selfish of him not to give them anything.
他不给他们任何东西，真是太自私了。
这样考过
⑨(2009·河池模拟)It was cruel ________ the father to have his son standing outside in the rain all the afternoon.
A．of B．for
C．to D．on
解析：由句中知本结构为动词不定式的复合结构，即of/ for sb. to do sth.由句意知句中的形容词cruel(残忍的)为说明人的品质的词，故选用of；若要说明做某事的性质，则选for。综上选A。
答案：A
8．rather than 的用法
rather than的意思是“与其……不如……；……而不是……”，为并列连词，通常否定后面所接的词的意义。例如：
Evans is a historian rather than a writer.
与其说埃文斯是位作家，不如说他是位史学家。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
这些鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来倒很舒服。
rather than和other than的辨析：
(1)rather than是连词，前后两端所连接的词的词性是一致的，通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”，有时可用介词短语instead of替代。例如：
She was engaged in writing a letter rather than(＝instead of)reading the newspaper.
她那时是在写信而不是看报纸。
John ought to go rather than(＝instead of)Jean.
应该去的是约翰，而不是珍妮。
(2)other than有两种意思：一是用来表示否定意义，即“不同于(＝different from)，非(＝not)”；二是用来表示排除意义，即“除了”，相当于except。例如：
The truth is quite other than what you think.
事实真相和你们想的完全不一样。
He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan.
除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。
She can hardly be other than grateful.
她除了感激之外还能怎么样呢。
这样考过
⑩(2009·枣庄调研)In America，a restaurant or bar bill is called a check, ________ a bill.
A．or not B．rather than
C．other than D．now that
解析：考查短语辨析。由句意：在美国，……的bill叫做check，而不是bill。事实上check(美)＝bill(英)帐单。rather than“而不是”；other than“除了”；now that，conj.“既然”。综上分析，选B。
答案：B
(2009·重庆诊断)There's no way to get to the small island where my grandparents live ________ by boating.
A．rather than B．other than
C．instead of D．in place of
解析：rather than 表示“而不是”，与instead of同义；instead of “(用……)代替……，(是……)而不是……”；in place of “代替”；other than “除了”。句意为：除了乘船没有别的办法可以到达我祖父母居住的小岛。other than 与主句中的no呼应，可理解为：只能乘船才能到达我祖父母居住的小岛。
答案：B
三、语法重点
本单元的语法学习重点是限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的特点是：①和先行词的关系不密切，只是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达；②关系代词不可用that代替which，who或whom；③关系代词不可省略。
这样考过
①(2009·湖南三十二校联考)Learning another language is like stepping out of a door，________ I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A．by which B．which
C．through which D．on which
解析：根据语境，“通过那扇门我能回忆并且更能看清楚我自己的语言”，故C项符合题意。
答案：C
②(2009·北京东城区)Students should often be allowed to work in groups，________ gives them chances to cooperate and to share.
A．who B．where
C．which D．what
解析：“which”替代“Students should often be allowed to work in groups”作主语。
答案：C
③(2009·平顶山质检)I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without ________ consideration our project would have ended in failure.
A．whom B．his
C．whose D．who
解析：此题考查形容词性物主代词修饰consideration，又因为“without...in failure”作定语修饰Mr.Smith，所以用whose代替his，故选C.
答案：C
④(2009·石家庄质检)The opening ceremony is to be held in the lecture hall this afternoon，________ can seat 400 people.
A．where B．when
C．that D．which
解析：逗号前为主句，先行词不是this afternoon，而是the lecture hall，逗号之后的定语从句缺少主语，因此应用关系代词which引导。
答案：D
1．(2010·合肥168中)We'd like very much to join in the activities，________ we could communicate and exchange lots of information.
A．that B．which
C．what D．where
答案：D
2．(2010·合肥一中)Education reform，________ the Chinese government attaches great importance，has attracted a lot of public attention.
A．in which B．to which
C．in that D．to that
答案：B
3．(2010·福建六校)“You'll have to wait for two hours，________ is, about 11∶30, ________the medical report will come out.”The doctor said to me.
A．that; when B．which; that
C．that; before D．which; when
答案：A
4．(2010·湖南师大附中)We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts，________ up to half have gone to the flood hit areas.
A. with which B. in which
C. for which D. of which
答案与解析：D　which指代先行词quilts，介词of表示“部分”，定语从句的正常语序应该是up to half of which (＝100,000 quilts) have gone to the flood hit areas。
5．(2010·长春调研)________was expected, he broke his promise once more，________let his friends down.
A．It; which B．As; which
C．It; as D．Which; which
答案：B
(2009·重庆)
Liverpool，my hometown，is a unique city.It is so unique that in 2004 it became a World Heritage(遗产) Site.
I recently returned to my home city and my first stop was at a museum on the River Mersey.Blanketed in mist(薄雾)，Victorian architecture rose from the banks of the river，responded to the sounds of sea birds，and appeared unbelievably charming.When I headed toward the centre，I found myself surrounded by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.It is not hard to imagine why，on first seeing the city，most visitors would be overpowered by the beauty of the noble buildings，which are solid signs of Liverpool's history.
As if to stress its cultural role，Liverpool has more museums and galleries(美术馆) than most cities in Britain.At Walker Art Gallery，I was told that it has the best collections of Victorian paintings in the world，and is the home of modern art in the north of England.However，culture is more than galleries.Liverpool offers many music events.As Britain's No.1 music city，it has the biggest city music festival in Europe，
and its musicians are famous all over the world.Liverpool is also well known for its football and other sports events.Every year，the Mersey River Festival attracts thousands of visitors，making the city a place of wonder.
As you would expect from such a city，there are restaurants serving food from around the world.When my trip was about to complete，I chose to rest my legs in Liverpool's famous Philharmonic pub(酒馆)．It is a monument to perfection，and a heritage attraction itself.
Being a World Heritage Site，my home city is certainly a place of “outstanding universal value”．It is a treasure house with plenty of secrets for the world to explore.
1．Visitors who see the city for the first time would be deeply impressed by ________.
A．its charming banks
B．its famous museums
C．its wonderful palaces
D．its attractive buildings
答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中be overpowered by the beauty of the noble buildings 可知游客们一眼就被那里的宏伟建筑所震撼，故应选D项。
2．The third paragraph is developed mainly by ________.
A．providing different examples
B．following the order of space
C．making comparisons
D．analyzing causes
答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中在谈到美术馆时以Walker Art Gallery 为例，在谈到艺术时以Britain's No.1 music city 为例，在谈到其他运动项目时以Mersey River Festival 为例，故在第三段中作者主要用了许多例子。
3．The author uses the Philharmonic pub to prove that __________.
A．Liverpool is a well known city for its restaurants
B．Liverpool is an impressive place full of attractions
C．a pub is a wonderful place for visitors to relax themselves
D．a pub is a perfect choice for visitors to complete their journey
答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话It is a monument to perfection，and a heritage attraction itself.可知利物浦确实是个充满了吸引力的事物，给人印象深刻的历史文化遗产名城。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The universal value of the world heritage in Liverpool.
B．The exciting experience of the author in Liverpool.
C．The special cultural atmosphere of Liverpool.
D．The beautiful historic sites of Liverpool.
答案与解析：C　主旨大意题。根据第一段中a unique city 随后讲到的它的建筑和博物馆、美术馆，最后提到a World Heritage Site，都说明利物浦是个充满文化气息的特殊的城市，故C项正确。