2012年中考英语书面表达指导

2012年中考英语书面表达指导
一、要求编制“作文素材本”。
二、话题作文：
特点：半开放式甚至全开放式。如： Enjoy ___________. 或My favourite subject……
1.环保：
（地球一小时，动植物保护，节水，世界环境日,低碳生活（Lower carbon, happier life……）
2.社会公德：
（创建文明城市，家乡的变化（changes to my hometown）
3.学生成长：（Ss’ development）
（身心健康，压力问题，学校生活，终生学习，假期计划，中考打算，毕业前为学校做什么，与人相处，快乐生活，文明礼仪……）
4. 旅游：（travelling）参观某地，旅游注意事项，带人参观（家乡景点介绍），暑期打算……
5. 新生事物评点：电脑、上网、手机、机器人利弊谈等。
6. 全民健康：学生身心健康，饮食健康，身体锻炼……
三、如何写好一篇作文：
1.审题：时态（注意混合时态），段落（注意各段比重，特别是“我的观点”自由表达部分，不能太单薄（至少2个观点），而且要语句通顺、清晰。写好开头与结尾。
2.句子表达地道、清晰，一句一句写清楚。（注意标点规范，大、小写规范）
A句与B句用恰当的连词连接，段落上要注意层次性。
如：《Cooking is fun》：Why is cooking fun
First , it’s a good way to show my love to my parents……..
Second, it’s a kind of creation……
3. 层次清晰、流畅最重要。
A, 为避免句子单调、乏味，可使句子多样话。如不定式作目的状语：
To prevent such things from happening, we should learn to save energy in our daily life.
B，可做必要的添加。如森林滥砍滥伐，“Large numbers of trees are being cut down +(and the forests are disappearing fast……)
C, 用好转承自然的连接词：多用“so……that……” “so that……” “not only……. but also…….” “however…….”等。
D，曲线可救国：不熟悉的不要硬翻，找相近的替代。中英文表达有很大差异，要灵活选择地道的英语表达。更要避免word-for-word translation.自己不擅长的表达写出来是“自揭其短”，容易被扣分。
4.每段主题清晰：
如网络利弊谈： The Internet brings us not only a lot of advantages but also troubles.
(总)Some students use it as a tool to study.（分）They often look up new words …….
(总)However, the Internet also bring us students a lot of troubles as well. （分）Some students spend too much time playing computer games on it……..
四、写作注意点：
1. 口语化及随意的表达，口号式的表达、中文化表达
2.新学词汇缺乏驾驭能力，勿滥用，尽量用学过的、自己熟悉的词汇、句子。
3.字迹要清晰，字母与字母间距、词间距要恰当。
五、范文归类：(1)关于环境保护问题, 典型例句：
1. It’s our duty to save water. /It's our duty to love and protect our environment。
2. As we know , water is very important to man./ we can’t live without water.
3. Even worse, they pour dirty water into rivers.
4. It is very important to take care of our environment.
5. But some people don’t care about it./ They waste a lot of water in their daily life.
6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted./Something must be done to stop the pollution.
7. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthily in the future.
8. Trees are very helpful and important for us./ We should plant more flowers and trees。
9. We should not throw litter onto the ground.(文明礼仪)
10. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees. (文明礼仪)
11. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin(文明礼仪)
12. If everyone can try their best to protect the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
13. Only in this way can we live happily.
14. More action should be taken to prevent people from polluting the environment.
15. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.(如果我们不节约用水，那么最后一滴水也许会是我们人类的眼泪。)
范文： A:保护环境
例一：6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重……。假如你是学生Jane,你校要进行“如何保护我们的环境 ”专题演讲比赛，要求：
1、举例说明环境存在的问题1—3方面;
2、如何保护好我们的环境，采取怎样的措施，举例1—3方面进行说明，字数90左右。
　Dear headmasters, teachers, classmates and friends:（演讲稿:环保、低碳）
　I ’m very proud that I have been chosen to speak to you all today.
　As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we can’t see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. But what can we do How to protect our environment
For example（first）, we can go to school on foot or by bike . when we go shopping we can use shopping baskets instead of plastic bags. and we can use both sides of the paper when we write.
In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better.
　“There is only one earth”/(We have only one earth), I hope everyone will protect our environment well. Thanks!
B: 关于环境保护（水资源节约）的话题
The importance of water.
Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. We can live without food for many days, but two or three days without water, usually makes people die.
However, not all of people understand this. They keep throwing rubbish into the rivers or lakes . Some factories even pour waste water into the river. As a result, many rivers and lakes have become so dirty that the water is no longer safe for people to drink .
Let’s do our best to keep the water clean to save ourselves .
Water
Water is very important for our life.
Every day we use water to drink, too cook and to wash. Water is necessary for all plants. They need water to grow. People can’t live without water. Plants will die without water. It is important to all living things.
However, many people pollute lakes and rivers with waste water, so we must stop some people or some factories from wasting water or polluting water and help keep the water clean. At the same time we should save as much water as possible.
I think if we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.
(2)新生事物评价:
Computer is becoming more and more important.
The Internet brings us not only great use, but also troubles.
Of course, students should study, but we should keep a proper balance between work and rest.
We can do lots of things with it, at the same time, we should make good use of it.
Now mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.
(1) 关于中学生使用手机（电脑，电子辞典等），机器人的利弊关系。可以用对比模板。
赞成意见 1.现在是信息社会，手机是最快的信息交流的工具之一。
2.应充分利用好手机。如偶遇突发事故，可立即拨打手机求助。
3.可在每天学习之余利用手机游戏放松一下自己。
反对意见 1.学校已提供了公共电话，因此手机并不能带来更多的方便，而且花费较多。
2.若课堂接听手机会影响上课。
3.学生玩手机游戏或接发短信，将无法集中精力学习。
你的观点 只要正确使用好手机，但学习是首要任务。……（可自由发挥）
Dear Editor,
Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.
Some students think we can bring mobile phones to school. As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of information. A mobile phone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information. It is a fashionable and useful invention, but at the same time, we ought to make the best use of it. It is easier for us to ask for help immediately. There’re also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax ourselves after long time of study.
But others students don’t think it’s good to take mobile phones to school. (总)There are three reasons. （分）The first reason is schools have provided students with public phones, students don't have to spend more money on their mobile phones. The second reason is that the mobile phones can afftect the class. Students can’t listen to the teacher carefully in class, it will make the teacher unhappy. The third reason is students can’t control it well.If they receive or send text messages, they won't pay attention to their study.
In my opinion, if students can use mobile phone in right ways and follow time, it's not wrong . People like to become fashionable. But we know that study is our first task.
Yours truly,
Li Ping
（3）健康问题
1. It is very important for us to keep healthy。/ How can we keep healthy
2. To keep healthy, we should not only eat the food healthily but also do more exercise。
3. I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。
4. There is an old saying: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”
5. Either study or work is based on strong body.身体是革命的本钱
6. We should achieve a balance between study and exercises to keep us healthy.
7. Exercise one hour a day, keep illness away.
8. Doing sports every day helps us healthy and energetic.
9. Health is very important to us teenagers.
10. Of course, students have to study, but we should keep a good/proper balance between work and rest.
11. Health is far more important than money.
12. Good health can help us enjoy our life while poor health leads to nothing.
13. Staying up late at night is bad for our health.
例文1：假如你叫李华，你校初三年级同学正在开展一场讨论，主题是“初三学生要不要参加体育锻炼？”。请据提供的信息，用英语总结出讨论情况。并最后写出你的观点。
I’m Li Hua, After the discussion we found that 70% of the students think they should take all
kinds of exercise every day but not spend too much time. They think exercise builds body and can keep them healthy. Sports also let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective.
On the other hand 30% students believe taking exercise is tiring and it’s a waste of time. They say that after having sports they are too excited for a long time to pay attention to their lessons. And it’s possible to be hurt while doing sports.
Every coin has two sides. Just as an old saying says:“Exercise one hour a day, keep illness away.”Either study or work is based on strong body. So I think we should achieve a balance between study and exercise to keep us healthy.
（4）压力问题：
1.Some students can’t get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams.
2.Our parents want me to be the top student in class. So they send us to all kinds of after-classes at weekends.
3.We have too much homework and we don’t have enough sleep.
4. I think a communication/talking with parents is necessary to solve the problem.
例文：假如你是李华，就个人爱好带来的困惑给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。
李华 爱好 对太空旅行感兴趣；经常到图书馆阅读资料
困惑 得不到老师理解
观点 1.个人爱好有助于学习；2. ……(至少一点)
老师 观点 时间应花在功课上；成绩就是一切
Dear Stephen,
I am writing to tell you about my problem with my teacher. I don’t know how to deal with it and would like your help.
You know I am crazy about space travel. In my spare time I often go to the library to find something to read. This makes my teacher very angry. To him, good marks are everything and I should spend more time on my lessons, even at weekends.
I think healthy hobbies are helpful for our studies. If I can achieve a balance between my schoolwork and my hobby, it will be of great value to my future development. But I don’t think my teacher understands me. I feel bad about that.
What shall I do Can you offer me some suggestions I am looking forward to your early reply.
Best wishes
Li Hua
（5）语言学习问题：（How to learn English/Chinese well，The importance of English/ Chinese）
1. My favorite subject is English，at the same time, we have a lot of fun in the English class。
2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English。
3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world。
4. It’s necessary to read more and speak more.
5. So English is very important and I like English very much。
6. Our English teacher often use a lot of activities to make us happy in the English class。
7. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English。
例文：假设你叫陈军，昨天收到了笔友David的e-mail，得知他不久要作为交流生到常州来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封e-mail，介绍学习中文的体会和方法，提出你的建议，以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。90字左右。
要点提示：
汉语非常有用，现在许多外国朋友都在学习。2.汉语较难，因为它跟英语很不一样。
3.必须尽量多记词，读和写也很重要。 4.可以通过看电视和听广播锻炼听力。5.其他的方法……
Dear David
I'm glad to hear that you'll be an exchange student and come to Changzhou to learn Chinese.
Chinese is very useful and many foreigners are learning it now. It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible.
It's also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me.
Don’t be afraid of it!I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Changzhou.(I’m looking forward to seeing you!)
（6）旅游问题：
1. If you come to changzhou ,I’ll show you around my hometown.
2.Yancheng, It’s in the south of Changzhou.It has attracted a lot of tourists all over the world.
3.You can learn a lot about the history and the Chinese culture.
4.Also, you can go to Yancheng Wildlife World. In the theme park, you can see a lot of wild life, and you can play with some of them.
5.When you are hungry, you can go to the Food Street, there you can taste a lot of delicious food which is famous in Wujin, Changzhou.
6. Also, you can go to the Joyland or the China Dinosaur Park.There, you can have a lot of happiness.
7. If you are an art lover, you can go to the Culture Street, there you can find many things you like. Such as handwriting, drawing and so on, they are all full of the artists’ wisdom.
例文：常州作为一个现代化的城市，吸引来了许多的国内外的游客来观光旅游。因此，建设一个绿色，文明的常州显得尤为重要。请你以How to build a greener city 为题，写一篇短文。
（1）How to build a greener city
As we know, Changzhou is a beautiful modern city. It attracts more and more people to come and do business. So it’s our duty to build a beautiful green city .
As students ,we shouldn’t throw rubbish anywhere on the ground or use too many plastic bags . Ask the factories not to pour waste water into the river and we’d better not go to school by car so that we can reduce the air pollution.
What’s more , we should plant more trees and flowers to make our city greener . Let’s
work hard for our city to have a good environment.
（2）城市文明建设How to make our city civilized：（at home, at school, in society……）
At present all of the people in Changzhou are actively founding the national cultured and civilized city. As a student, We should do something to make our city more civilized.
Firstly, there’s no doubt that we should respect our parents at home. We should help them do some housework so that they can have a rest after work. We can also tell jokes to our grandparents to make them happy. All of them should be spoken to politely and taken good care of.
Next, at school, we should protect flowers and trees. It’s necessary to pick up the litter on the ground. At the same time, we should always keep our classroom clean and tidy.
Finally, in society, we should obey the traffic rules. We can give seats to someone in need on the bus. Also, It is a good manner to be polite and helpful. People should be prevented from throwing rubbish everywhere. We should try our best to take care of our environment and fight against pollution.
I think if more actions are taken, our city will be more and more beautiful in the future!
（7）学生成长问题：
1.Today we are all proud of our school, tomorrow we will be the pride of our school!
2.I’m sure if you try your best, you will make great progress.
3. With the teacher’s help, he studies very hard and gets on well with his classmates now.
A:2011年一模考试金坛卷范文：
假如你将代表2011届毕业生在学校毕业典礼上发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，发言稿的要点如下：
回顾 美丽的校园，生动有趣的教学，三年来的收获
感谢 老师的培养，父母的支持，同学的帮助
祝愿 考生自拟，至少两点
参考范文：
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, my dear teachers and fellow graduates,
It is a great honour for me to make a speech on behalf of the graduating class of 2011.
First, I want to say something about my school life. Three years ago, when we first walked into this school, we were surprised at its beautiful views(beauty). we have worked hard and studied happily since then. As we all know, the teachers here are all very excellent, they often make us interested in class. With the help of our teachers, we have already made great progress. We’ll never forget the good time we have spent together!
Then, We would like to thank the following people for what they have done. Thanks to our teachers, you give us so much useful knowledge! Thanks to our parents and classmates, you give us so much support and help! We’ve known not only how to study, but also how to grow healthily.
Finally, I would like to give my best wishes to all of you. I hope all our students can make your dreams come true. We all believe our school will be more and more beautiful, and our teachers will have a better life!
Today we are all proud of our school, tomorrow we will be the pride of our school!
That’s all! Thanks for listening!
B:紧张的初中学习生活就要结束了，你即将迎来一个轻松的暑假。请根据下面方框内的提示写一篇短文，谈谈你的假期计划。参考词汇：社会活动 social activities
The summer holiday is coming. I’m going to have a good rest and learn to relax myself.
I will read more useful books because reading more books is not only interesting but also can make me learn more knowledge. I will try to spend more time in chatting with my parents and help them to do some housework. I am going to take part in the social activities so that I can know more about the society.
If possible, I’d like to go to HongKong for a visit of the Disneyland. I’m sure I’ll have an interesting and meaningful summer holiday!
C: Zhou Hui和Ge Bin是“一帮一”活动中结成的一对学习伙伴。 Zhou Hui在Ge Bin的帮助下有了明显的进步。 ( http: / / www. / " \t "_blank )请根据下表信息写一篇90字左右的短文。（开头已写出，不计入总词数） ( http: / / www. / " \t "_blank )
Zhou Hui In the past didn’t listen carefully in his class , like to play computer games every day
Now study hard, get on well with his classmates
Ge Bin Make Zhou Hui be interested in his study
Help Zhou Hui with his study
你的观点 自由发挥……
例如：
We are very glad that Zhou Hui has made great progress.
In the past, Zhou Hui did’t listen carefully in his class. He liked to play computer games every day. He spent so much time playing computer games that he paid no attention to his study. He often couldn’t pass the exam.
His buddy Ge Bin did his best to make Zhou Hui interested in his study. He often helped Zhou Hui with his study. It is really kind of him to help Zhou Hui at any time.
Because of Ge Bin’s effort, Zhou Hui has changed a lot. He really enjoys studying now, he not only studies very hard but also gets on well with his classmates. He can also achieve a balance between study and play.
We all think that without Ge Bin’s help, Zhou Hui can’t make so much progress. We are all pleased with it. If everyone can be as helpful as Ge Bin, the school life will be better and better. Do you agree with me
（8）安全问题：
随着经济的发展，安全问题越来越重要：马路上的安全问题，学校里的饮食安全与运动安全等。假如你是学校安全宣传员，请按以下提示写一篇短文，向同学们宣传交通安全和学校安全知识，并提出自己的建议。
安全问题 交通方面……学校方面……
预防措施 遵守交通规则……食品安全……运动安全……
你的观点 ……适当发挥（至少2句）
参考词汇：制定法律make a law 遵守规则 obey the rules 醉酒驾驶 drunk driving
注意：1．词数不少于90。文章的开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
2．要点完整、层次清晰、语法正确、上下文连贯。
It’s very important for students to know about safety._______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
例文：
It’s very important for students to know about safety. As we all know, there are many safety problems in our daily life.(总) Traffic accidents happen here and there. At school, students often hurt themselves when they have sports. What’s more, Sometimes students don’t have a good diet, they often choose a lot of snacks to eat, it has bad effects on their health.(分)
There is no doubt that something should be done to prevent accidents happening. (总) The government needs to make a law to stop drunk driving and we must obey the rules. Usually we should choose food to eat wisely. Don’t eat food that is unhealthy or has gone bad. On the other hand, we ought to do sports in safe places. We can also wear suitable clothes and take a first aid bag with you. (分)
Generally speaking, everyone should understand the importance of safety. If students take action to protect themselves. Their life will be more colourful.
书面表达万能词：
As we all know…（开头）
there is no doubt that….
What’s more……., on the other hand…
Firstly……secondly……thirdly……. Finnally…..
however….
5. so that………, in order to……, so ….. that……
Generally speaking…..(总结, 结尾 ) In my opinion…….. In my view…..
All in all… Above all…
书面表达万能句：
1. Many people haven’t realized the importance of …..
Everyone should understand the importance of …….(结尾)
It句型。 It is +adj +for/ of sb to do sth.
It has a good/bad effect on…..
More attention should be paid to doing sth…
We should pay more attention to doing……
More action should be taken to do….
We should take more action to do….
6.If everyone try their best…………, the life/ our health/ wild animals/ our environment will……
收集一些可以用于作文中的好句子：
For everyone, It’s just a piece of cake.
Don’t be afraid of study, knowledge is weightless.
Your future is up to you to create.
The world faces great challenges in protecting endangered animals( the environment).
Don’t look down on your worth by comparing yourself with others.
Even if someone is not important to us, we still need to treat them politely.
7. For each of us, yesterday is history, tomorrow is mystery, today is a gift. That's why it is called present!.......