2022版高考英语北师大版二轮复习模块二不可忽视的小词冠词代词和介词第3讲冠词代词和介词短语学案

模块二
不可忽视的小词:
冠词、代词和介词
第3讲　冠词、代词和介词(短语)
Ⅰ.
语法填空
1.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷
)The
plum
trees
are
the
first
to
flower
even
as
the
snow
is
melting(融化).
2.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As
well
as
looking
at
exhibits,
visitors
can
play
with
computer
simulations(模拟)and
imagine
themselves(they)
living
at
a
different
time
in
history
or
walking
through
a
rainforest.
3.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷
)Bamboo
plants
are
associated
with
health,
abundance
and
a
happy
home.
4.
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The
artist
was
finally
humbled(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
on
earth,
Mother
Nature.
5.
(2020·江苏高考)Taking
on
this
challenge
will
bring
you
in
contact
with
someone
who
shares
your
interests.
6.
(2020·天津高考)For
my
fifth
birthday,
my
mother
baked
me
a
cake
in
the
shape
of
a
monkey.
Ⅰ.
语法填空五谨记
1.
根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
2.
根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语,
记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。
3.
熟记常用的不定代词,
如one,
all,
both,
either,
neither,
each,
many,
much,
little,
few,
other,
another,
something,
nothing等。
4.
人称、物主、反身代词:
“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺少主语,
则用人称代词的主格;
(2)如果句中缺少宾语或表语,
则用人称代词的宾格;
(3)如果句中缺少定语,
则用形容词性物主代词;
(4)如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语,
则用反身代词。
5.
“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;
(3)根据特殊的结构关系,
如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
1.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Then
I
put
the
tomatoes
and
the
beaten
eggs
into
pan
together.
(pan前面加the)
2.
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)For
example,
every
morning,
my
dad
has
to
have
the
bowl
of
egg
soup
while
I
have
to
eat
an
apple.
(the改为a)
3.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“Not
that
way,
”
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
(us改为me)
4.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.
(yours改为your或you)
5.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.
(off改为on)
6.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m
glad
to
know
that
you’ve
come
China
to
learn
kung
fu
in
a
school
in
my
hometown.
(come后面加to)
7.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
I
want
my
cafe
to
have
a
special
theme
such
as
like
“Tang
Dynasty”.
(去掉like)
Ⅱ.
短文改错三定法
1.
冠词解题技巧
(1)看到以辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应用不定冠词a(n);
(2)如果名词表示特指,
则应用定冠词the;
(3)看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词;
(4)看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词;
(5)牢记含冠词的固定搭配,
确定冠词的增与删。
2.
代词解题技巧
(1)避免张冠李戴,
注意前后人称、性别、单复数的一致;
(2)分析句子成分,
正确使用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词;
(3)系统掌握it的用法,
准确把握不定代词的用法。
3.
介词解题技巧
(1)看有无介词,
意义不同。如:
know
sb.
/know
about
sb.
;
shoot
sb.
/shoot
at
sb.
(2)勿画蛇添足,
介词滥用。如:
serve
the
people;
enter
the
room
(3)莫张冠李戴,
中英混乱。如:
be
caught
in
the
rain(不用by);
leave
for
someplace(不用to);
introduce
A
to
B(不用for)
(4)别丢三落四,
结构缺失。如:
drop
in
on
sb.
(别丢了on);
drop
in
at
someplace(别丢了at);
look
down
upon(别丢了upon)
一、冠词
不定冠词用法
　　英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,
常放在名词的前面,
用来限定名词的意义,
起泛指或特指的作用。主要有下面两种用法:
1.
表示“一个”,
意为one;
指某人或某物,
意为a
certain。
※A
Mr
Liu
is
waiting
for
you
outside.
※A
teacher
is
a
person
who
teaches.
※An
apple
falls
down
because
of
gravity.
2.
代表一类人或物。
【点津】(1)不定冠词a
(an)与数词one
同源,
是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,
an则用于元音音素前。注意此处不是指辅音字母和元音字母。
(2)不定冠词的其他用法
①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,
使之具体化。这样的物质名词有:
rain,
snow,
fog,
wind,
drink,
coffee,
beer,
fire,
paper等;
抽象名词有:
success,
failure,
surprise,
pleasure,
beauty,
wonder,
comfort,
danger,
shock等。
②knowledge,
collection,
understanding等名词后加of.
.
.
时,
其前常用不定冠词a/an。
③“a
most+形容词”表示“很……,
非常……”,
most在此不表示最高级含义,
相当于very,
而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,
表示“最……”。
※For
a
great
many
men
and
women,
romance
can
be
a
most
important
part
of
marriage.
※It
is
one
of
the
most
original
works
of
imagination
in
the
language.
定冠词用法
1.
表示特指的人或物,
或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。
※Yesterday
John’s
father
bought
him
a
new
bike.
The
bike
cost
him
200
yuan.
2.
用于单数可数名词前,
表示整个类属。
※I
think
the
telephone
was
invented
before
(
after)
the
car.
3.
用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。
※The
rich
will
be
asked
to
contribute
money;
the
strong
to
contribute
labour.
※The
Greens
said
you
would
travel
with
them,
didn’t
they?
4.
用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。
※This
is
the
boy
whose
mother
is
our
Chinese
teacher.
5.
表示世界上独一无二的事物,
如the
moon,
the
sun,
the
earth,
the
universe,
the
world,
the
sky等。
※The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west.
6.
用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,
very,
same等前面。
※I
felt
the
pressure
of
being
the
first
woman
in
the
job.
※Could
you
give
me
some
advice
on
the
best
way
to
do
this?
【点津】当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一,
再一”时,
用不定冠词,
如a
second
time意为“再一次;
又一次”。
7.
用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前,
如in
the
east,
in
the
northwest,
play
the
piano等。
8.
用于表示某世纪/年代/时期或朝代的名词前。
※He
moved
to
the
south
in
the
sixties.
9.
用在表示度量单位的名词前,
如by
the
hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/
yard/ton/kilo,
但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
※I
hired
the
car
by
the
hour.
与冠词有关的固定搭配
1.
含不定冠词的固定搭配
have
a
knowledge/understanding
of了解
have
a
good
view
of饱览　　
in
a
hurry匆忙地
as
a
result因此
as
a
rule通常
as
a
whole总体上
as
a
matter
of
fact事实上
2.
含定冠词的固定搭配
make
the
most/best
of充分利用
in
the
end最后
by
the
way顺便说一下　　in
the
distance在远处
in
the
way挡道
on
the
whole总的来说
3.
含零冠词的固定搭配
at
present目前　　　　　take
part
in参加
in
peace平静
by
chance/accident碰巧
on
purpose故意
on
second
thoughts再三考虑
ahead
of
time提前
in
advance提前
4.
常用的固定词组辨析
【小题快练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
①The
New
York
Times
started
a
new
text
messaging
service
that
delivers
the
latest
news
to
mobile
phones.
②The
woman
from
Taiwan
is
a
famous
singer.
She
has
a
lot
of
fans.
③—Why
not
open
the
windows
to
let
cool
air
in?
—I’d
rather
you
didn’t.
The
air
in
our
town
is
terribly
polluted.
④We
had
to
spend
three
more
hours
waiting
in
a
cafe
at
the
airport
because
the
flight
was
delayed.
Ⅱ.
单句改错
①It
is
indeed
a
remarkable
thing
for
you
to
have
achieved
such
great
success.
(such后加a)
②He
went
running
every
morning
and
played
the
football
every
afternoon.
(去掉the)
③People
develop
a
preference
for
a
particular
style
of
learning
at
the
early
age
and
these
preferences
affect
learning.
(the改为an)
④Knocked
unconscious,
the
person
was
sent
to
a
nearest
hospital
immediately.
(a改为the)
⑤I
think
English
is
an
useful
language,
and
it’s
also
an
important
language.
(第一个an改为a)
⑥I
have
joined
a
health
club
across
the
street
to
get
in
shape.
(a改为the)
二、代词
人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
代词数
人称代词
物主代词
人称
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词
单数
第一人称
我
I
me
my
mine
myself
第二人称
你
you
you
your
yours
yourself
第三人称
他
he
him
his
his
himself
她
she
her
her
hers
herself
它
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
第一人称
我们
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
你们
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
他们
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
(1)人称代词作主语用主格,
作宾语、表语用宾格。
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,
其次序排列原则:
①在并列主语中,
“I”总是放在最后,
排列顺序为:
二
三
一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
※You,
he
and
I
are
in
different
classes.
※Mr
Wang
asked
Li
Ming
and
me
to
help
him.
②第三人称,
男女两性并用,
男先女后。
※He
and
she
were
sitting
face
to
face.
(3)物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。
※She
scanned
the
list
of
names
to
see
if
hers
was
on
it.
※The
author
can
report
other
people’s
results
which
more
or
less
agree
with
hers.
it的用法
1.
it作人称代词的用法
(1)it
可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:
※We
have
$500.
Will
it
be
enough
for
a
deposit?
(2)指人主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:
※I
want
this
baby
very
much,
because
it
certainly
will
be
the
last.
2.
it
作非人称代词的用法
(1)主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如:
※It’s
quite
warm
at
the
moment.
(2)用于某些句型
It’s
time
for
sth.
该做某事了。
It’s
time
to
do
sth.
到该做某事的时候了。
It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人该做某事了。
It’s
(about/high)
time+that-从句.
某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式,
有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It’s
the
first
(second.
.
.
)
time+
that-从句.
某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It’s+时间段+since-从句.
自从……有一段时间了。
It’s+时间段+before-从句.
过多长时间才……
3.
it用作形式主语或形式宾语
(1)用作形式主语的重要句型
It+be+adj.
for
(of)
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人做某事……
※It
is
necessary
for
us
to
have
some
exercise
every
day.
※It
is
very
considerate
of
you
to
send
me
a
birthday
card.
(2)用作形式宾语的重要句型
①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.
.
.
+it+adj.
/n.
(for/of
sb.
)
to
do/从句
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.
.
.
+it+important/necessary/
natural/essential+that.
.
.
(should).
.
.
【点津】某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语,
然后接从句,
有此用法的动词(短语)有:
like,
dislike,
hate,
appreciate,
depend
on,
rely
on,
count
on,
see
to等。
※I
believe
it
important
to
separate
good
failures
from
bad
failures.
※I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
help
me
to
solve
the
technical
problem.
※I
hate
it
when
people
tell
me
that
they
are
unemployed.
不定代词
1.
all,
both,
either,
neither,
any,
each,
none的用法比较:
(1)both(两者都),
either(两者中的任何一个),
neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。
※As
far
as
I
could
tell,
neither
of
us
was
under
observation.
(2)both与复数名词连用,
either与单数名词连用。
※Both
sides
are
looking
for
ways
to
settle
their
differences.
※There
are
many
tall
buildings
on
either
side
of
the
street.
(3)all(所有的,
全部的人或物),
any(任何一个),
none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。
※All
the
soldiers
were
praised
for
bravery
in
battle.
(4)all和both与not
连用表示部分否定;
none以及not.
.
.
any表示全部否定。
※Not
all
the
machines
of
the
company
are
imported.
※Both
of
the
substances
do
not
dissolve
in
water.
※None
of
you
had
the
courage
to
face
the
situation.
(5)each可指两者,
也可指两者以上。
※I
believe
that
each
of
us
can
contribute
to
the
future
of
the
world.
2.
another,
other,
the
other,
others的用法比较
(1)another既可以单独使用,
也可以用于单数名词前,
泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,
表示“再,
又”。
※I
need
another
ten
minutes
to
finish
my
homework.
(2)other可用作形容词,
意思为
“别的,
其他的”,
泛指“其他的(人或物)”。
※They
will
then
have
more
money
to
spend
on
other
things.
(3)the
other指两个人或物中的一个,
不能用another,
此时other作代词使用。
※He
has
one
shoulder
a
little
higher
than
the
other.
(4)the
other后可接可数名词单数也可接复数名词,
不接不可数名词。此时other
作为形容词。
※She
turned
over
on
her
stomach
on
the
other
side
of
the
bed.
※He
played
the
violin,
and
he
stood
out
from
all
the
other
musicians.
(5)others是other的复数形式,
泛指“另外几个”“其他的”。others不能作定语,
表示复数意义,
相当于“other+复数名词”;
the
others相当于“the
other+复数名词”,
指剩下的全部。
※He
demands
perfection
in
others,
but
cannot
see
faults
in
himself.
※The
snowy
main
peak
towers
above
all
the
others.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
①I’d
appreciate
it
if
you
could
let
me
know
in
advance
whether
or
not
you
will
come.
②I’m
looking
for
a
friend
of
mine
who
lives
here.
③Mary
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
none
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
④I
think
you
may
find
that’s
another
thing
we
have
in
common.
⑤In
some
countries,
people
eat
with
chopsticks,
while
in
others,
knives
and
forks.
⑥We
have
been
preparing
our
fighters
to
adjust
themselves
to
civil
society.
Ⅱ.
单句改错
①He
told
me
all
the
news
but
neither
of
it
was
very
exciting.
(neither改为none)
②As
is
known
to
us
that
life
is
not
a
smooth
journey,
which
is
full
of
ups
and
downs.
So
never
lose
heart.
(As改为It)
③On
the
one
hand
I
admire
his
gifts,
but
on
other
hand
I
distrust
his
judgment.
(other前加the)
④When
we
got
to
the
mountain
top,
that
started
snowing
again.
(that改为it)
三、介词(短语)
介词的基本用法
1.
with/without复合结构
介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词(分词可以是现在分词,
也可以是过去分词)在句中表状态或说明背景情况,
常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
※I
will
have
to
buy
a
new
one
with
my
glasses
broken.
※With
something
important
to
talk
about
with
you,
you
must
stay
here.
2.
表示工具、手段、方式的介词
by,
in,
on三词都可表示旅行的方式
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,
名词前不加冠词。如:
by
sea,
by
water,
by
land,
by
rail,
by
air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,
名词须用单数形式,
前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如:
by
bike,
by
taxi,
by
plane,
by
ship/boat,
by
train,
by
spaceship等。
(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on
foot,
on
horseback,
on
a
horse,
on
the
camel等。
3.
with,
by,
in三词都可表示“用”,
表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,
其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
※We
do
not
see
nature
with
our
eyes,
but
with
our
understandings
and
our
hearts.
(2)by,
in,
on,
over,
through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。
如by
hand,
in
ink,
on
the
telephone,
over
the
radio,
through
the
telescope等。
4.
of+抽象名词的用法
(1)of+great/much+抽象名词=very+抽象名词的形容词形式
(2)of+no+抽象名词=not+抽象名词的形容词形式
※Basic
research
is
of
great
importance
in
all
scientific
fields.
=Basic
research
is
very
important
in
all
scientific
fields.
※All
our
persuasion
was
of
no
use;
she
would
not
come.
=All
our
persuasion
was
not
useful;
she
would
not
come.
5.
介词but的固定搭配
have
no
choice
but
to
do只得做某事;
can’t
help
but
do不得不做……;
can’t
but
do不得不只能做……;
can’t
choose
but
do只得做某事;
but
for要不是……。
※I
have
no
choice
but
to
do
as
he
tells
me.
※It
rained
hard,
so
they
couldn’t
choose
but
stay
at
home.
6.
名词
key,
approach,
solution,
answer,
entrance,
visit,
attitude等与to构成固定搭配
※We
have
a
very
communicative
approach
to
teaching
languages.
※We
must
find
a
satisfactory
solution
to
the
problem.
7.
介词by的用法
(1)by+地点名词:
表示方位,
意为“在……旁边”。
(2)by+时间名词:
意为“到……时(已发生某事);
最晚,
不迟于……,
在……之前”,
此时谓语多用完成时。
(3)by+名词:
可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。
※I
can
find
two
tables
by
the
window
for
you.
※Can
you
have
your
report
ready
for
the
press
by
next
week?
※I
used
to
travel
by
air
a
great
deal
when
I
was
a
boy.
介词的习惯搭配
一、与形容词构成的搭配
1.
be+adj.
+about
be
anxious
about忧虑……　
be
curious
about
对……好奇
2.
be+adj.
+at
be
angry
at因……生气　　be
good
at擅长
3.
be+adj.
+in
be
absorbed
in专注于……
be
active
in积极于……
be
dressed
in穿着……
be
engaged
in忙于……
4.
be+adj.
+for
be
eager
for渴望……
be
famous
for因……著名
be
fit
for适合,
胜任……
be
ready
for准备好……
5.
be+adj.
+from
be
absent
from缺席
be
different
from不同于
6.
be+adj.
+to
be
close
to接近……
be
devoted
to致力于……
be
equal
to等于……　　
be
familiar
to对……来说熟悉
7.
be+adj.
+of
be
aware
of意识到……
be
fond
of喜欢……
8.
be+adj.
+with
be
busy
with忙于……
be
familiar
with对……熟悉
be
patient
with对……有耐心
二、与名词构成的搭配
1.
“at+n.
”表示状态
at
a
loss不知所措　　　　
at
peace处于和平中
at
war在战争中
at
work在工作
2.
“on+n.
”表示状态
on
exhibition/show在展出
on
fire着火
on
sale出售,
打折
on
the
way在途中
3.
“by+n.
”表示方式
by
accident偶然
by
air/plane乘飞机
by
chance偶然
by
design故意
4.
“in+n.
”表示方式
in
cash
用现金付款
in
depth
在深度上
in
detail
详细地
in
height
在高度上
5.
“of+n.
”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of
benefit
有益处的
of
use
有用的
6.
“out
of+n.
”表示状态
out
of
balance
失去平衡
out
of
breath
上气不接下气
7.
“with+n.
”表示方式
with
delight/joy
高兴地
with
difficulty
困难地
【小题快练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
①The
English
class
ended
with
all
singing
an
English
song.
②A
serious
study
of
physics
is
impossible
without
some
knowledge
of
mathematics.
③If
the
letter
you
get
from
me
is
written
in
blue
ink,
it
is
true
what
I
said.
④Knowledge
is
a
treasure,
but
practice
is
the
key
to
it.
⑤It
was
a
long
journey
by
ship
but
we
really
enjoyed
it.
⑥It
is
of
no
use
to
try
to
do
it
again.
Ⅱ.
单句改错
①She
was
at
loss
to
explain
why
she’d
done
it.
(loss前加a)
②Our
village
is
very
different
in
what
it
was
before.
(in改为from)
③This
city
appears
similar
to
mine,
but
I’m
not
familiar
to
it
at
all.
(第二个to改为with)
④Hawaii
is
famous
as
its
beautiful
beaches.
(as改为for)
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
In
a
Weibo
post
,
he
thanked
netizens
for
their
(they)
love
and
praise.
2.
Obese
children
are
likely
to
become
obese
adults,
putting
them
at
risk
of
serious
health
problems,
including
type
2
diabetes
(糖尿病),
heart
disease,
stroke(中风)
and
certain
types
of
cancer.
3.
He
never
went
outside
but
he
was
tired
of
staying
at
home
and
wanted
to
go
out
for
once.
4.
Then
I
went
to
a
post
office
to
have
them
(they)
delivered
by
air
without
delay.
5.
Others
say
that
access
to
these
very
special
parts
of
the
world
should
not
be
restricted
to
only
researchers
and
scientists.
Ⅱ.
语法填空
　　Dogs
were
first
raised
at
home
at
least
150
centuries
ago.
Since
then,
the
dog
1.
__________(be)
humans’
best
friend.
Now,
they
have
another
job—to
assist
doctors
to
diagnose(诊断)cancer.
　　After
a
long-standing
research
of
smell,
a
Finnish
professor
has
said
that
certain
2.
__________
(type)
of
cancer
are
able
to
be
detected
by
their
smell,
making
it
possible
to
train
cancer-sniffing
dogs
3.
__________(help)
diagnose
the
disease.
　　A
professor,
Jouko
Vepsalainen
from
the
University
of
Eastern
Finland
in
Kuopio,
has
focused
4.
__________
nitrogen
compounds(氮化合物).
The
compounds
increase
5.
__________
(great)
when
cancer
cells
grow
in
an
uncontrollable
way,
6.
__________(allow)
them
to
be
detected,
the
Finnish
newspaper
Karjalainen
reported.
That’s
where
the
dog,
man’s
best
friend,
may
step
in
with
their
keen
sense
of
smell.
　　According
to
the
news
agency,
researchers
in
Finland
have
tried
to
train
dogs
to
do
the
job,
but
7.
__________
will
take
a
dog
months,
even
years,
to
tell
the
8.
__________
(different)
between
sick
and
healthy
people.
“Anyone
9.
__________
knows
how
difficult
early
cancer
detection
is
10.
__________
(understand)
what
an
opportunity
this
is,
”
associate
professor
Anna
Hielm-Bjorkman
of
the
University
of
Helsinki
told
the
Finnish
media.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了某种癌症可以通过气味来检测,
这使得训练嗅癌犬帮助诊断癌症成为可能。
1.
【解析】has
been。考查时态。根据时间状语Since
then可知,
此句要用现在完成时,
主语是单数,
故填has
been。
2.
【解析】types。考查名词。根据后面谓语are可知,
主语要用复数形式,
故填types。
3.
【解析】to
help。考查非谓语动词。此处是考查非谓语动词作状语,
训练嗅癌犬是为了帮助医生诊断疾病,
作目的状语要用不定式,
故填to
help。
4.
【解析】on/upon。考查介词。句意:
来自Kuopio东芬兰大学的教授Jouko
Vepsalainen一直致力于研究氮化合物。focus
on/upon是固定搭配,
意思是“专注于,
致力于”,
故填on/upon。
5.
【解析】greatly。考查副词。设空处所给提示词要修饰动词increase,
副词用来修饰动词,
因此要用great的副词形式,
故填greatly。
6.
【解析】allowing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,
此处是作句子的状语,
所给提示词为动词,
要用其非谓语形式,
此处的逻辑主语为compounds,
与allow之间是主动关系,
用其现在分词形式,
故填allowing。
7.
【解析】it。考查代词。but连接两个并列结构,
根据上文可知,
此处是指训练狗得需要几个月甚至几年,
指代上文提到的事,
下文再次出现要用代词指代,
故填it。
8.
【解析】difference(s)。考查名词。设空前有冠词the,
冠词用来修饰名词,
所给提示词是形容词,
要用其名词形式。
9.
【解析】who。考查定语从句。这是个定语从句,
先行词是Anyone,
指人,
关系词在从句中作主语,
故填who。
10.
【解析】understands。考查主谓一致。本句句式较为复杂,
设空处所给提示词是作主句的谓语,
主句的主语是Anyone,
谓语要用第三人称单数形式,
故填understands。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
　　It
was
7:
15
in
the
morning
of
February
8,
2020.
I
was
walking
along
Park
Road
towards
the
east
while
an
old
man
came
out
of
the
park
on
the
other
sides
of
the
street.
Then
I
see
a
yellow
car
drive
up
Milton
Street
and
turn
the
right
into
Park
Road.
The
next
moment,
the
car
hit
the
man
while
she
was
crossing
the
road.
He
fell
with
a
cry.
To
surprise,
the
car
didn’t
stop
and
drove
off
at
full
speed.
I
noticed
the
driver
was
a
young
woman
wore
a
pair
of
glasses
but
the
plate
number
was
AC864.
Two
minutes
late,
I
stopped
a
passing
car
and
took
the
old
man
to
the
nearest
hospital.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句in
→on。考查介词。在具体的某一天的早上要用介词on。
2.
【解析】第二句while
→when。考查连词。固定句型:
was/were
doing.
.
.
when.
.
.
(正在做……这时……),
该句式中要用when表示“这时”,
故将while改为when。
3.
【解析】第二句sides
→
side。考查名词。on
the
other
side
of
the
street.
(在大街上的另一边),
街道有两边,
所以另一边应该用单数形式名词,
故将sides改为
side。
4.
【解析】第三句see
→saw。考查动词。全文都在讲过去的事情,
用一般过去时。谓语动词see要用动词的过去式saw。故将see改为saw。
5.
【解析】第三句去掉the。考查冠词。固定短语turn
right(向右转),
中间无冠词。故去掉the。
6.
【解析】第四句she
→he。考查代词。此处是指“当老人穿越马路时,
汽车撞到了他。”指同一个老人。老人man是男的,
故将she改为he。
7.
【解析】第六句在surprise前加my。考查代词。固定短语to
one’s
surprise(令某人吃惊的是),
因为此时是“我”看到了事故的全过程,
所以是“令我吃惊的是”。故在surprise前加my。
8.
【解析】第七句wore
→wearing或在
wore前加who/that。考查现在分词或关系代词。此处wearing作定语,
修饰名词woman,
与该名词是主动关系,
所以用现在分词作定语。或者在wore前加定语从句关系词who/that构成定语从句,
该关系词指代先行词woman,
在从句中作主语。故将wore改为wearing或在
wore前加who/that。
9.
【解析】第七句but
→and。考查连词。根据句意:
我注意到司机是一个戴着一副眼镜的年轻女人,
并且车牌号码是AC864。前后两句语意没有转折,
是并列关系,
所以要用and连接。故将but改为and。
10.
【解析】第八句late→
later。考查副词。固定用法:
two
minutes
later(两分钟后),
“多长时间后”这类短语中用later。故将late改为later。
Ⅳ.
写作运用
　　补全下面写作,
注意本部分语法的使用。
Dear
Eric,
1.
How
is
everything
going?
(最近一切可好?
)?
Knowing
you
are
so
fond
of
Chinese
calligraphy,
I
would
like
to
send
you
a
book
about
this
abstract
and
high-level
form
of
art
in
an
English
edition,
2.
which
is
easy
for
you
to
understand
it
(这对你来说很容易理解它).
The
book
is
entitled
Appreciation
of
Chinese
Calligraphy,
3.
including
a
fascinating
collection
of
masterpieces
(包括一系列引人入胜的杰作).
It
not
only
presents
a
variety
of
calligraphy
styles,
but
also
provides
beautiful
illustrations,
expert
analyses
and
useful
comments,
since
one’s
handwriting
is
often
viewed
as
a
reflection
of
his
or
her
personality.
I
am
sure
4.
you
will
have
a
good
knowledge
of
this
form
of
art
(你将对这种艺术形式有很好的了解)
after
reading
it
and
are
more
willing
to
give
it
a
try.
Could
you
please
leave
me
your
address
so
that
I
can
mail
it
to
you
soon?
5.
I
hope
you
will
like
the
book
and
find
it
helpful
(我希望你会喜欢这本书并觉得它有帮助).
Looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours,
Li
Hua
PAGE