模块一 需要变形的词:
名词、形容词和副词
第1讲 名词
Ⅰ.
语法填空
1.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
The
team
transforms
the
family’s
long
weekend
of
celebration
(celebrate)
with
less
expensive
but
still
tasty
recipes.
2.
(2020·浙江高考)Later,
they
learned
to
work
with
the
seasons(season),
planting
at
the
right
time
and,
in
dry
areas,
making
use
of
annual
floods
to
irrigate
(灌溉)
their
fields.
3.
(2019·浙江高考)Other
American
studies
showed
no
connection/connections
(connect)
between
uniforms
and
school
performance.
4.
(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
This
switch
has
decreased
pollution
(pollute)
in
the
country’s
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
Ⅰ.
语法填空二谨记
1.
根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,
要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2.
根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these,
several,
many和数词等修饰时,
要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,
要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,
方能解决好此类问题。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
1.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
(chopstick改为chopsticks)
2.
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
My
mom
is
really
concerned
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
families.
(families改为family)
3.
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All
the
football
player
on
the
playground
cheered
loudly.
(player改为players)
4.
(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Last
winter
when
I
went
here
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
(chicken改为chickens)
Ⅱ.
短文改错二定法
1.
名词是否可数
(1)误把不可数名词当作了可数名词;
(2)在该用复数的地方误用为单数,
或反之。
2.
判断名词单复数及其所有格
根据名词本身属性及其前的修饰限定成分判断为可数名词,
还是不可数名词,
从而确定单复数;
根据其前后词汇,
判断是否用所有格;
根据上下句的逻辑关系来判断单复数和所有格。
一、可数名词的数
可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:
构成方法
例词
一般在词尾加-s
map→maps,
sea→seasgirl→girls,
day→days
以-s,
-x,
-ch,
-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)
class→classes,
box→boxes,
watch→watches,
dish→dishes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i,
再加-es
country→countriesfactory→factories
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接+-s
holiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys
以-o结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
piano→pianosphoto→photos
有些在词尾加-es
hero→heroespotato→potatoes
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f或-fe为-v,
再加-es
leaf→leaves,
knife→knives,
wife→wives,
wolf→wolves
加-s
belief→beliefs,
chief→chiefs,
proof→proofs,
roof→roofs,
gulf→gulfs,
safe→safes
可数名词变复数的不规则变化
名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:
构成方法
例词
增加字母
child→children,
ox→oxen
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man→men,
woman→women,
foot→feet,
goose→geese,
mouse→mice
单复数同形
sheep,
deer,
series,
means,
fish,
species
表示“某国人”的名词
加-s
American→Americans,
German→Germans,
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形
Portuguese,
Chinese,
Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的,
将-man和-woman分别改为-men,
-women
Englishman→Englishmen
二、不可数名词
不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,
也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有:
fun,
baggage,
change(零钱),
furniture,
hair,
homework,
information,
knowledge,
luggage,
money,
news,
progress,
traffic
等。
(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:
①用some,
much,
a
little,
a
lot
of,
a
bit
of,
plenty
of
等表示多少。
注意:
既可以与可数名词复数,
又可以与不可数名词连用的有:
plenty
of,
some,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
most
of等。
②用单位词表示,
用a.
.
.
of表示。
如a
cup
of
tea,
a
piece
of
paper。
不可数名词与可数名词的转化
(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:
※The
potato
is
a
vegetable,
not
a
fruit.
土豆是一种蔬菜,
不是水果。
※My
doctor
told
me
to
avoid
fatty
foods
such
as
bacon
or
hamburgers.
我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物,
如咸肉或汉堡包。
(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示:
当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,
某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,
但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:
※A
heavy
snow
was
falling.
当时正下着一场大雪。
※A
fine
rain
began
to
fall.
开始下起一阵小雨。
另外,
表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,
coffee,
drink,
beer等,
可以用a(n)或数词修饰,
也有复数形式。如:
※Two
teas
and
a
coffee,
please.
请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。
※I
ordered
two
coffees
and
an
ice-cream.
我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。
(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,
但意思不同。如:
work工作,
a
work著作;
glass玻璃,
a
glass玻璃杯;
wood木头,
a
wood小树林;
room空间,
a
room房间;
paper纸,
a
paper
一份试卷(文件,
报纸等)
等。
抽象名词具体化
通常可分为两类:
(1)表示情感、情绪的词,
强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:
惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:
※The
new
method
has
finally
proved
to
be
a
success.
新方法最终试验成功了。
(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念,
常与动词连用构成短语,
名词前常有形容词修饰。如:
have
a
good
time,
have
a
wonderful
supper,
have
a
good
knowledge/understanding
of,
have
a
population
of,
cover
an
area
of,
reach
a
height
of等。
三、名词所有格
表示有生命名词的所有格时,
在词尾加“’s”。the
boy’s
bag,
men’s
rooms。若名词已有复数词尾s,
只加“’”。the
teachers’
reading-room。此外,
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系,
意为“……的”。a
ten
minutes’
walk,
a
twenty
miles’
journey,
two
tons’
weight,
fifty
dollars’
worth。
如果两个名词并列,
且分别加“’
s”,
则表示“分别有……”;
若只有后一个名词加“’
s”,
则表示两个“共有”。John’s
and
Mary’s
rooms
(两间);
John
and
Mary’s
room
(一间)。
of属格:
无生命名词的所有格用of结构。a
map
of
China,
the
end
of
this
term,
the
capital
of
our
country,
the
colour
of
the
flowers。
省略格:
在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,
名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。at
the
doctor’s在诊所;
at
my
sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
双重所有格:
of+名词“
’s”结构。a
friend
of
my
brother’s,
works
of
Mo
Yan’s。
名词所有格用法口诀
名词所有格,
表物是“谁的”,
若为生命词,
加’s
即可行,
词尾有
s,
仅把逗号择;
并列名词后,
各自和共有,
前者分别加,
后者最后加;
若为无生命词,
of所有格,
前后须倒置,
此是硬规则。
【点津】
如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,
这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,
“A
of
B”要翻译为“B的A”。
【小题快练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
①(2019·北京高考)No
matter
what
you
like
to
do,
there
is
a
way
to
get
involved
in
various
activities
(activity)on
Earth
Day.
②(2020·浙江高考)The
results
held
true
even
after
the
scientists
accounted
for
the
participants’
(participant)overall
health
status.
③(2020·江苏高考)They
tested
the
men’s(men)fitness
and
resting
metabolic
(新陈代谢的)
rates
and
took
samples
(样品)
of
their
blood
and
fat
tissue.
④(2018·天津高考)The
people
in
the
hall
seemed
very
nosy,
keeping
their
eyes
on
me
with
curiosity(curious).
⑤(2018·浙江高考)Making
Chinese
dishes(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
⑥(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
belief
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
Ⅱ.
单句改错
①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
(vacations改为vacation)
②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
city.
(city改为cities)
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.
(sort改为sorts)
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
(job改为jobs)
Ⅰ.
语法填空
Chinese
net
users
have
found
a
new
way
to
battle
desertification
by
playing
virtual
(虚拟的)
planting
games.
Ant
Forest,
1.
__________
is
under
Ant
Financial
of
the
Alibaba
Group,
told
the
Global
Times
that
they
had
planted
over
50
million
trees
covering
about
507
square
kilometers
across
China
from
2016
to
2019.
Ant
Forest
is
the
first
such
game
in
China.
In
the
Ant
Forest
plan,
any
activity
2.
__________(consider)
low
carbon,
including
walking,
taking
public
transport
and
online
payments,
will
be
converted
into
virtual
“green
energy”.
The
energy
will
be
used
to
grow
a
virtual
tree
in
the
“forest”
of
the
3.
__________(user).
They
exchange
4.
__________
for
a
real
tree
by
paying
the
corresponding
energy.
Ant
Forest
will
plant
the
real
trees
in
spring
and
autumn
each
year
5.
__________
the
help
of
local
authorities
in
the
desert
areas.
This
way
of
planting
trees
6.
__________
(recognize)
on
October
23,
2018
by
the
National
Afforestation
Committee
as
7.
__________
means
for
citizens
to
fulfill
their
obligation
of
planting
trees.
The
Chinese
government
attaches
great
8.
__________
(important)to
the
protection
of
ecosystems.
China
aims
9.
__________(increase)the
forest
cover
to
23
percent
by
2020,
and
to
26
percent
by
2035.
A
new
study
using
data
from
NASA
satellite
shows
that
the
Earth
becomes
10.
__________(green)
as
a
result
of
ambitious
tree-planting
programs
in
China.
1.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
先行词为Ant
Forest,
在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,
指物,
that不能引导非限制性定语从句,
故用which。
2.
【解析】considered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,
该句中主语为any
activity,
其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系,
作后置定语,
故填considered。
3.
【解析】users。考查名词复数。根据其前的定冠词the可知,
此处用名词,
根据句意“用户”,
可知用复数,
故填users。
4.
【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知,
此处替代前一句a
virtual
tree,
为特指,
故填it。
5.
【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中使用with
the
help
of.
.
.
为固定搭配,
意为“在……的帮助下”,
故填with。
6.
【解析】was
recognized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知,
该句中This
way
of
planting
trees为主语,
是单数,
其与所给词汇为被动关系,
用被动语态。根据时间状语on
October
23,
2018,
可知用一般过去时态,
故填was
recognized。
7.
【解析】a。考查不定冠词。根据句意可知,
此处意指“一种方式”,
为泛指,
means的首字母发音是辅音,
故填a。
8.
【解析】importance。考查名词。该句使用固定短语attach
importance
to.
.
.
,
意为“重视,
认为……重要”,
故填importance。
9.
【解析】to
increase。考查不定式。aim
to
do
sth.
为固定搭配,
意为“目标是,
旨在……”故填to
increase。
10.
【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,
植树在中国取得了成效,
地球变得更加绿色,
暗含“比较”含义,
用比较级,
故填greener。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
Nowadays
my
schoolwork
becomes
much
heavier
than
ever
before,
thus
force
me
to
stay
up
deep
into
the
night.
I
seldom
do
sports.
For
this
reason
I
often
felt
sleep
in
class.
Bad
health
caused
my
poor
memory.
Things
have
been
changed
after
I
followed
my
teacher’s
advices.
I
get
up
earlier
to
do
morning
exercises.
During
the
10
minutes
break
I
go
out
the
classroom
to
relax
my
brain
and
muscles.
At
five
o’clock
in
the
afternoon
I
often
go
to
the
playground
to
have
sports.
All
this
makes
myself
fresh
and
full
of
energy.
It
is
sports
that
improves
my
health.
I
have
made
a
rapid
progress
in
my
studies.
答案:
1.
【解析】第一句中force→forcing。考查非谓语动词。分析此句句子结构可知本句的谓语为becomes
,
而后面也没有出现连词,
因此,
force不能用原形,
而这部分表示造成的结果,
所以用非谓语作结果状语。学业压力大,
迫使我晚上熬夜,
这是顺其自然的结果,
且表示主动关系,
所以用现在分词,
故force要改为forcing。
2.
【解析】第二句do→did。考查时态。根据语境可知本文讲的是作者运动前后的变化,
所以,
不做运动时是过去,
因此应该用过去时,
所以do要改为did。
3.
【解析】第三句sleep→sleepy。考查形容词。因为熬夜,
我上课经常昏昏欲睡。feel为系动词,
后面用形容词作表语。sleep是动词,
所以sleep要改为sleepy。
4.
【解析】第五句after→since。考查连词。分析本句可知表示自从听从了老师的建议之后,
情况发生了改变。所以after要改为since。
5.
【解析】第五句advices→advice。考查名词的可数与不可数。advice为不可数名词,
因此advices要改为advice。
6.
【解析】第七句minutes→minutes’。考查名词所有格。根据语境,
在10分钟的课间休息时,
“10分钟的”要用所有格,
所以minutes要改为minutes’。
7.
【解析】第七句out
后加of。考查介词。“走出教室”应该用go
out
of
,
不加of没法加宾语the
classroom,
所以要在out
后加of。
8.
【解析】第九句myself→me。考查代词。根据语境,
这使得我浑身充满活力。主语是做的所有的体育锻炼,
宾语是我,
不是同一概念,
所以不能用反身代词,
而应该用代词的宾格,
所以myself要改为me。
9.
【解析】第十句improves→improve。考查主谓一致。运动改变了我的健康。此句为强调句,
强调的是句子的主语sports,
它是复数所以谓语improve不能用第三人称单数,
所以improves要改为improve。
10.
【解析】第十一句去掉a。考查冠词。progress不可数,
所以前面不能加a,
因此要去掉a。
Ⅲ.
写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文,
并注意其中名词的使用。
To
whom
it
may
concern:
1.
I’m
one
of
your
customers(我是你的一个顾客).
I
ordered
a
set
of
Bookworm
Series
on
your
website
two
weeks
ago,
but
I
didn’t
receive
them
until
yesterday.
2.
And
much
to
my
disappointment
(令我十分失望的是),
the
books
were
so
poorly
packed
up
that
3.
the
cover
of
one
book
was
torn(其中一本书的书皮破损了).
To
make
matters
worse,
it
is
not
a
complete
set,
as
I
found
one
book
missing.
I’m
sorry
to
have
received
such
poor
service,
and
I
believe
I
have
every
right
to
ask
you
to
deal
with
this
problem.
I
hope
that
you
either
return
my
money
4.
or
deliver
a
new
set
of
books
to
me
(或者给我派送一套新书).
Besides,
I’d
like
to
be
informed
of
the
process
of
your
dealing
with
my
complaint.
5.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply(期盼你的回复).
Li
Hua
PAGE第2讲 形容词、副词和比较等级
Ⅰ.
语法填空
1.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷
)The
beautiful
(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.
2.
(2019·天津高考)
No
one
wants
to
live
an
extremely
(extreme)
long
life
with
a
lot
of
chronic
diseases.
3.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
longer
(long)
than
non-runners.
4.
(2019·北京高考)It’s
never
too
early
to
make
necessary
preparations
for
a
healthy
and
meaningful
(meaning)
college
experience.
5.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He
screams
the
loudest(loud)
of
all.
Ⅰ.
语法填空五谨记
1.
看到空格处修饰的是名词,
要想到用形容词。
2.
看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,
要想到用副词。
3.
看到与than连用,
要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4.
看到and,
or,
but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,
要想到用比较级。
5.
看到语境中暗含比较含义,
要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
Ⅱ.
短文改错
1.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I
stopped
the
ball
and
kicked
it
hardly
back
to
the
playground.
(hardly改为hard)
2.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.
(simply改为simple)
3.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)See
you
sooner.
(sooner改为soon)
4.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Immediate,
I
raised
my
hand.
(Immediate改为Immediately)
5.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A
sick
person
could
feel
much
more
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
(去掉more)
Ⅱ.
短文改错六定法
1.
牢记易混词的词义:
如exciting与excited,
hard与hardly,
possible与possibly,
here与there等;
2.
掌握易混词的词性,
主要考查形容词、副词、名词的词性混淆;
3.
根据句意作出正确判断;
4.
看比较范围,
判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较,
则用比较级;
如果是三者或三者以上的比较,
则用最高级;
5.
看比较级前是否误加了more;
6.
看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确。
形容词和副词的句法功能
1.
形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,
表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。
※I
have
to
attend
an
important
meeting
this
afternoon.
(作定语)
※I
know
he
is
too
optimistic
but
I
don’t
want
to
depress
him.
(作表语)
※The
room
was
found
very
dirty.
(作主语补足语)
※Optimism
makes
a
life
happier
and
more
meaningful.
(作宾语补足语)
※Worried
about
the
journey,
I
was
unsettled
for
the
first
few
days.
(作状语)
【点津】
(1)通常只作表语的形容词:
①以“a-”开头的形容词:
afraid害怕的,
alone孤单的,
alive活着的,
alike相似的,
ashamed羞愧的,
awake醒着的;
②content,
worth,
ill(有病的,
不舒服的),
sure,
liable,
well等。
(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:
possible,
impossible,
probable,
convenient,
necessary等。
(3)形容词作状语时,
其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2.
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
※Whenever
we
have
trouble
with
our
studies,
our
teachers
help
us
patiently.
(作状语)
※The
tide
was
out
and
they
walked
among
the
rock
pools.
(作表语)
※Unfortunately,
I
was
still
very
clumsy
behind
the
wheel
of
the
jeep.
(作状语)
【点津】
(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,
而是修饰整个句子,
表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:
表递进
besides,
further,
then,
moreover等
表结果
therefore,
consequently,
accordingly,
thus等
表转折
though,
instead,
otherwise,
however等
表等同
similarly,
equally等
表对比
rather,
oppositely等
表概括
altogether,
generally等
表列举
first(ly),
second(ly),
finally等
表同位
namely等
表时间
meanwhile,
sometimes,
occasionally等
表特指
particularly,
especially等
(2)兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同,
另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
形容词和副词的相互转化
1.
大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
转换方法
例词
一般情况,
在形容词词尾直接加-ly
real—really;
helpful—helpfully
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,
然后再加-ly
busy—busily;
angry—angrily;
easy—easily
以-le结尾,
去e直接加y
terrible—terribly;
gentle—gently
元音字母+e
结尾,
先去掉e,
然后再加-ly
true—truly
以ll结尾的词只加y
full—fully
以ic结尾的词加ally
automatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically
2.
在英语中,
有些词既可以作形容词,
又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,
much,
fast,
little,
wide,
loud,
well等。
※It
brought
a
wide
smile
to
his
face
and
laughter
to
his
eyes.
(形容词)
※In
a
few
seconds
she
was
wide
awake.
(副词)
【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾,
但却是形容词而非副词:
lively,
lonely,
lovely,
deadly,
friendly,
ugly,
silly,
timely等。
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1.
比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,
在原级后加-er,
-est构成,
如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:
特殊情况
构成方式
例词
以不发音的e结尾
加-r和-st
brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i,
再加-er和-est
happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾
双写词尾字母,
再加-er和-est
hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,
在原级前加more,
most构成。
active—more
active—most
active
happily—more
happily—most
happily
【点津】①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,
可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
common—commoner/more
common—commonest/most
common
②表示“最高程度”的形容词,
如excellent,
extreme,
perfect,
favorite等,
没有最高级,
也不能用比较级。
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2.
比较等级的用法
(1)基本用法
①两者相比,
表示“和……一样”,
用“as+原级+as”表示。
※He
worked
as
fast
as
a
qualified
technician.
【点津】在同级比较中,
若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,
其语序为:
as+
adj.
+a(n)+n.
+as。
※John
is
as
clever
a
boy
as
you
wish
to
meet.
②两者相比,
表示“不如……”,
用“not
as/so+原级+as”。
※It
is
not
so
expensive
as
you
might
expect.
③两者相比,
表示“比……更”,
用“比较级+than”;
表示“不比……更”,
用“not+比较级+than”。
※The
process
of
learning
and
developing
is
more
important
than
the
outcome.
※Her
pronunciation
is
as
good
as,
if
not
better
than,
her
teacher’s.
【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,
其后面用to而不用than。如:
superior
to(优于,
高于);
inferior
to
(次于);
senior
to
(年长于,
地位高于);
junior
to(地位低于);
prior
to
(早于,
较重要于)。
④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,
表示最高程度时,
用“the+最高级+比较范围”。
※Her
sons
are
the
most
important
thing
in
her
life.
(2)特殊用法
①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
※Learning
becomes
more
and
more
difficult
as
we
get
older.
②“the+比较级,
the+比较级”表示“越……,
就越……”。
※The
harder
we
work,
the
more
progress
we
will
make.
③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
※She
looks
more
asleep
than
clever.
④“more
than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;
……不能”。
※The
beauty
of
the
place
is
more
than
I
can
describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级
※I
couldn’t
agree
with
you
any
more.
⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型
a.
.
.
.
倍数+as+原级+as.
.
.
※The
new
building
is
three
times
as
high
as
the
old
one.
b.
.
.
.
倍数+比较级+than.
.
.
※The
new
building
is
twice
higher
than
the
old
one.
c.
.
.
.
倍数+the
size/length/width/height,
etc.
+of.
.
.
※The
new
building
is
three
times
the
height
of
the
old
one.
※Our
classroom
is
three
times
as
large
as
theirs.
=Our
classroom
is
twice
larger
than
theirs.
=Our
classroom
is
three
times
the
size
of
theirs.
3.
比较级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,
much,
still,
even,
far,
a
lot,
a
little,
a
great
deal,
(by)
far,
a
bit等。
※The
theme
of
the
play
stood
out
even
more
clearly
after
it
was
revised.
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by
far,
nearly,
almost,
by
no
means,
not
really以及序数词等。
※I
would
say
that
intellect
is
by
far
the
most
important
factor.
常用的分词形容词和副词
-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:
-ed形容词,
通常说明人,
意为“(某人)感到……”;
-ing形容词通常说明事物,
意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:
interested/interesting;
excited/exciting;
frightened/frightening;
surprised/surprising;
pleased/pleasing;
moved/moving;
disappointed/disappointing等。
※The
wine
was
excellent,
but
the
food
was
disappointing.
※We
will
be
pleased
to
answer
any
questions
you
may
have.
【点津】原则上,
-ed
形容词通常直接用于说明人,
若修饰事物,
则多为
look
(表情),
air(神态),
appearance(外貌),
cry(哭声),
face(表情),
voice(声音),
mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
※Roger
just
looked
up
at
him
with
a
surprised
look.
※A
hand
helped
me
out
of
the
tree,
and
a
frightened
voice
asked
me
if
I
was
badly
hurt.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江高考)Farming
produced
more
food
per
person
than
hunting
and
gathering,
so
people
were
able
to
raise
more
children.
②(2019·浙江高考)School
uniforms
are
traditional
(tradition)
in
Britain,
but
some
schools
are
starting
to
get
rid
of
them.
③(2018·浙江高考)Eating
out
once
or
twice
a
week
may
be
affordable
(afford)
but
doing
this
most
days
adds
up.
④(2019·江苏高考)
Steve
moved
to
the
piano
and
sat
at
the
bench,
hands
trembling
as
he
gently(gentle)
placed
his
fingers
on
the
keys.
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running
is
cheap,
easy
and
it’s
always
energetic
(energy).
⑥(2018·浙江高考
)There
could
be
an
even
higher
(high)
cost
on
your
health.
⑦Obviously(obvious),
a
good
habit
can
help
us
to
speed
up
to
reach
our
destinations.
⑧The
more
support
you
win
from
others,
the
faster
(fast)
you
will
move
toward
your
goal.
⑨I
was
scanning
the
restaurant,
waiting
to
sit
at
the
first
table
that
was
more
convenient
(convenient)
than
others.
Ⅱ.
单句改错
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One
was
that
I
was
amazing
at
the
fact
that
a
sick
person
could
feel
much
better
after
seeing
a
doctor.
(amazing改为amazed)
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.
(surely改为sure)
③Over
the
past
few
decades,
we
have
developed
an
amazing
network
of
public
transportation.
Beside,
we
have
decided
to
make
efforts
to
make
it
much
better.
(Beside改为Besides)
④Like
most
grown-ups,
she
enjoys
folk
songs,
because
the
peacefully
music
reminds
her
of
her
beautiful
life
when
she
was
young.
(peacefully改为peaceful)
⑤But
I
think
we’d
better
have
more
outdoor
activities.
As
students,
we
usually
sit
too
longer
in
the
classroom,
and
as
a
result
our
eyes
and
brains
get
tired.
(longer改为long)
⑥The
fruits
are
small
in
size,
but
juicy
and
taste.
(taste改为tasty)
⑦Don’t
panic
or
get
out
of
line,
and
try
to
remain
quiet
and
calmly.
(calmly改为calm)
⑧Mom
said,
“How
nice
to
see
you
again!
Dad
and
I
were
terrible
worried.
”
(terrible改为terribly)
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Although
not
everyone
agrees
with
the
exam-oriented
method
this
school
uses,
it
still
offers
gaokao
candidates
relatively(relative)
fair
access
to
higher
education.
2.
A
young
man
in
Wuhan,
Hubei
Province
has
become
the
latest
Internet
sensation
after
a
video
showing
his
heart-warming
act
on
a
subway
train
went
viral
on
social
media
recently
(recent).
3.
With
countless
(count)
treasures
brought
back
from
the
East,
he
became
a
wealthy
man
overnight.
4.
And
if
the
worst
comes
to
the
worst,
remember
the
old
English
proverb,
“Better
(well)
late
than
never.
”
5.
The
east
side
of
their
stems
grows
faster
during
the
day,
causing
the
stems
to
gradually
(gradual)
bend
from
east
to
west.
6.
He
made
a
frightened
(frighten)
noise
a
little
like
the
miaow
of
a
cat.
7.
She
looked
very
excited
(excite)to
hear
that
she
won
the
first
prize
in
the
beauty
contest.
Ⅱ.
语法填空
Different
countries
have
wildly
different
forms
of
greeting.
In
the
USA,
when
you
pass
by
someone
you
know,
a
nod
is
acceptable,
and
you
usually
shake
hands
with
someone
you
first
meet.
But
in
Latin
countries,
a
firm
handshake
1.
__________
(consider)
rude.
In
my
home
country,
Mauritius,
when
people
meet,
they
usually
kiss
each
other
2.
__________
the
cheeks.
This
is
also
common
in
France,
3.
__________
the
act
is
called
faire
la
bise.
However,
this
is
not
4.
__________
universal
rule.
During
my
first
week
in
the
USA,
I
kissed
every
single
girl
I
met.
My
friends
had
to
tell
me
that
that
was
inappropriate,
5.
__________(leave)
me
in
great
embarrassment.
What
is
common
here,
however,
is
for
friends
6.
__________(hug)
each
other—something
I
was
not
used
to.
Hugs
always
make
me
7.
__________(frighten)
because
I
don’t
really
like
that.
This
may
seem
strange
since
even
kissing
8.
__________(stranger)
is
normal
in
my
country.
Now
that
I
think
about
it,
I
hate
cheek-kissing
as
well.
Wouldn’t
it
be
9.
__________(enjoy)
to
have
a
greeting
code
that
is
10.
__________(wide)
acceptable?
I’m
not
saying
we
should
start
doing
that,
but
we
can
surely
do
something
to
avoid
misunderstanding.
1.
【解析】is
considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a
firm
handshake和动词consider是被动关系,
此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实,
与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is
considered。
2.
【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,
在脸上用介词on,
故填on。
3.
【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France,
在定语从句中作地点状语,
用关系副词where引导,
故填where。
4.
【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式,
此处表示一种普遍的规则,
universal发音以辅音音素开头,
故填a。
5.
【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,
此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系,
用动词-ing形式作结果状语,
故填leaving。
6.
【解析】to
hug。考查动词不定式。句中What
is
common
here是主语从句,
此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填to
hug。
7.
【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词,
故填frightened。
8.
【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词,
此处表示泛指用复数形式,
故填strangers。
9.
【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语,
故填enjoyable。
10.
【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词,
指广泛接受的,
故填widely。
Ⅲ.
短文改错
In
my
childhood,
my
parents
sent
me
to
learn
Chinese
calligraphy.
However,
things
are
quite
opposite
to
their
expectations.
Not
only
I
get
bored
with
hours
of
practice
but
also
I
doubted
about
the
valuable
of
it.
Nevertheless,
when
I
entered
high
school,
write
calligraphy
proved
both
essential
or
beneficial.
It
was
at
that
time
that
when
I
realized
how
important
it
is
to
master
a
certain
skill.
Judging
from
my
own
experience,
I
want
to
say
a
few
word
to
those
children
who
have
a
same
trouble
as
I
did.
Do
not
refuse
to
learn
a
skill
when
young,
as
at
the
long
run
you
will
find
them
helpful.
答案:
1.
【解析】第二句的are→were。考查动词的时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时,
故将are改为were。
2.
【解析】第三句在I前加did。考查倒装句。在not
only.
.
.
but
also.
.
.
结构中,
若not
only置于句首,
含not
only的分句用部分倒装;
根据上下文的时态可知,
在主语I前加助动词did构成倒装。
3.
【解析】第三句的valuable→value。考査名词。此处表示“书法练习的价值”,
应将形容词valuable改为其名词形式value。
4.
【解析】第四句的write→writing。考查非谓语动词。短语writing
calligraphy作主语。
5.
【解析】第四句的or→and。考查并列连词。both.
.
.
and.
.
.
是习惯搭配。
6.
【解析】第五句的when删掉。考查强调句。此句在对时间状语at
that
time进行强调,
根据强调句的结构
“It
is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”可知。
7.
【解析】第六句的word→words。考查名词。word表示“言语,
话”时是可数名词,
a
few提示word应使用复数形式。
8.
【解析】第六句的a→the。考査冠词。形容词same前习惯搭配定冠词the。
9.
【解析】第七句的
at→in。考査介词短语。in
the
long
run是固定短语,
意为“从长远来看”。
10.
【解析】第七句的them→it。考査代词。此处代词指代上文中的a
skill,
故将them改为it。
Ⅳ.
写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文,
并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。
Dear
David,
I’ve
learned
it
from
the
Internet
that
you
want
to
make
a
Chinese
friend
so
as
to
learn
the
Chinese
language
and
culture.
1.
I’m
glad
that
you
show
such
great
interest
in
China
(我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and
I
would
like
to
be
your
friend.
2.
I
will
try
my
best
to
write
to
you
as
often
as
possible
to
introduce
you
the
Chinese
culture.
(我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化).
When
you
have
an
opportunity
to
come
to
China,
I’ll
teach
you
how
to
speak
Chinese
and
3.
show
you
around
some
famous
historical
places
of
interest.
(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜)
4.
Anyway,
I
am
going
to
help
you
as
much
as
I
can.
(无论如何,
我将尽可能多地帮助你)How
do
you
think?
?
I’m
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
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