通用版2022届高考英语二轮复习第三部分高考题型突破题型七概要写作课件（41张）

(共41张PPT)
题型七
概要写作
【第三部分
高考题型突破】
高考帮·备考方向导航
析考情
·
题型突破
链高考
·
真题探究
考法帮·解题能力提升
写作技法1
牢记写作流程,酿造极优作文
写作技法2
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
写作技法3
读首句析尾句,构织语境画面
写作技法4
善找转折词汇,主旨要点映眼前
写作技法5
巧妙变换表达,替换关键词语
析考情
·
题型突破
链高考
·
真题探究
高考帮·备考方向导航
考情解读
课标要求
提供一篇350词以内的阅读材料,要求考生根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
五年考情回顾
卷别
主题语境
语境内容
语篇类型
文章词数
浙江
2021.1—2020.1
轮空
2019.6
人与社会
父母该如何表扬孩子
议论文
340
2018.11
人与自我
报考大学前,亲自参观心仪的大学,体验大学生活
说明文
341
2018.6—2017.6
轮空
命题分析预测
根据这两次高考题的命题难度和区分度可知,未来高考英语对该题型的考查仍将以议论文、说明文为主,主题语境仍将涉及"人与社会"或"人与自我"。
聚焦核心素养
1.语言能力:综合运用语言知识创新、恰当地进行表达。
2.思维品质:分析推断文章的逻辑,梳理、概括信息,进行创新思维表达。
析考情
·
题型突破
一
考情概况
1.题型介绍。
概要写作是近几年高考英语的新题型。写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作,从2016年10月到2021年1月,浙江的9次高考英语中有两次考查概要写作,分别是2018年11月和2019年6月的考试。
2.命题规律
(1)概要写作的语篇通常是议论文或说明文。这类语篇的主题比较明显,段落结构清晰,段内句群间逻辑关系紧密连贯。预计未来几年高考概要写作的选材还将是议论文或说明文,但难度会稳中有升。
(2)不排除阅读材料为记叙文的可能性。如此一来,试题的难度将会增加,对考生的梳理、归纳和总结能力要求更高。
(3)阅读材料一般不超过5段,词数控制在350以内。
(4)议论文、说明文的段落结构通常是:提出问题/描述现象→分析利弊→提出解决方法→提供例证/回归主题/深化主题/提出应该注意的事项。
(5)段内句群间的逻辑关系通常是因果关系、转折关系等。
　　总之,在一篇文章中,段落与段落之间、段内句群之间都会呈现"起承转合"的行文逻辑关系。考生如果能把握各段落的组织结构和段内句群间的逻辑关系,就能轻松地辨别主要信息和支撑性细节信息,从而准确地抓住段落要点。
二
命题特点
概要写作是一个融阅读理解和书面表达于一体的题型,既考查考生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键信息的能力,又考查考生用简洁的语言表达文章主旨的能力以及把握文章整体结构的能力。考生在写概要时,不要抄袭文章的原句,也不要把细节性信息当成重点,而要对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用恰当的语言表述出来。具体来说,该题型主要考查考生以下几个方面的能力:
1.区分主要信息和次要信息的能力;
2.对句群之间的逻辑关系和段落结构的把握能力;
3.分析推断逻辑关系、梳理及概括细节信息的能力;
4.通过整合手段进行思维创新和表达创新的能力;
5.运用同义词、近义词、反义词或语法结构及修辞手段进行语义转换的能力。
三
评分原则
概要写作的评分原则可简要概括为以下几个方面:
1.词数少于40或多于80的,从总分中减去2分;
2.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
3.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
4.上下文的连贯性;
5.对各要点表达的独立性情况;
6.拼写、标点符号的准确性;
7.书写和卷面情况。
四
失误总结
考生在概要写作中常出现的失误有以下四个方面:
1.要点提炼不准确。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的写作意图。
2.表述的逻辑不清晰。内容没有条理,行文没有衔接,不能呈现连贯性。
　　
3.照抄原文句子。不能进行有效的语句转换,同一单词的重现率较高。作文中若出现两句以上整句摘自原文的现象,作文将会被直接定为第三档(11—15分)甚至更低档。
4.单词拼写错误较多,时态、语态出错率较高。
链高考
·
真题探究
Writing
1　[2019浙江6月]
高考真题
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
　　①Parents
everywhere
praise
their
kids.
②Jenn
Berman,
author
of
The
A
to
Z
Guide
to
Raising
Happy
and
Confident
Kids,
says,
"We've
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
more
strict."
③By
giving
kids
a
lot
of
praise,
parents
think
they're
building
their
children's
confidence,
④when,
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.
⑤Too
much
praise
can
backfire
and,
when
given
in
a
way
that's
insincere,
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk
for
fear
of
not
being
able
to
stay
on
top
where
their
parents'
praise
has
put
them.
第一段为整个语篇的"起",⑤表达了作者的真实意图,即本段的主旨"Too
much
praise
can
make
kids
afraid
to
try
new
things
or
take
a
risk."。
　　①Still,
don't
go
too
far
in
the
other
direction.
②Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
just
as
damaging
as
giving
too
much.
③Kids
will
feel
like
they're
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don't
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
trying
hard
for
their
accomplishments.?
　　第二段为第一段的"转",指出另一个极端的危害"Not
giving
enough
praise
can
be
damaging."。
①So
what
is
the
right
amount
of
praise?
②Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
③If
praise
is
sincere
and
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome,
you
can
give
it
as
often
as
your
child
does
something
that
deserves
a
verbal
reward.
④"We
should
especially
recognize
our
children's
efforts
to
push
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal,"
says
Donahue,
author
of
Parenting
Without
Fear:
Letting
Go
of
Worry
and
Focusing
on
What
Really
Matters.
⑤"One
thing
to
remember
is
that
it's
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters."?
第三段为前两段的"承",也是整个语篇的"合",提出了作者的观点"It's
the
process
not
the
end
product
that
matters.",即"Praise
should
be
focused
on
the
effort
not
the
outcome."。
　　①Your
son
may
not
be
the
best
basketball
player
on
his
team.
②But
if
he's
out
there
every
day
and
playing
hard,
you
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses.
③Praising
the
effort
and
not
the
outcome
can
also
mean
recognizing
your
child
when
she
has
worked
hard
to
clean
the
yard,
cook
dinner,
or
finish
a
book
report.
④But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate(相称的)to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
has
put
into
it.
?
第四段为第三段的"承",用例子支撑作者的观点。本段主题句是④。
写作指导
Para.
1
①作本段的"起",描述现象;②作
"承",引入专家的观点;③作"承",分析出现该现象的原因;④作"转",引出作者的观点;⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Too
much
praise"的后果。
Para.
2
①作上一段的"承"和本段后文内容的"起",指出不要走向另一个极端;②作"承"指出"Not
giving
enough
praise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈现出因果关系。
Para.
3
①作前两段的"承",也作本段的"起",起过渡作用;②是对上一句的回答,引出专家的观点;③是对上一句的进一步解释;④引用了专家的说法;⑤作本段的"合",与②相呼应。
Para.
4
①作上一段的"承"和本段例证的"起";②作上一句的"转",呈现作者的真实意图;③作前两句的"承",进一步说明作者的观点;④作本段的"合",进行总结,回归主题。
【命题分析】
本篇阅读材料是一篇典型的议论文。文章指出,父母对孩子的表扬要专注于孩子的努力过程而不是结果,其语言难度适中,表现出很好的区分度,体现了高考"立德树人、服务选拔、导向教学"的命题原则。具体特点归纳如下:
1.语篇结构特征:
描描述表扬孩子的现象→两个极端
→正确的表扬
→用例子支撑论点
这种行文结构是考生非常熟悉的议论文的语篇结构,易于被广大考生理解,体现了高考的基础性和公平性原则。
2.段内句群之间呈现出严谨的因果关系和转折关系等,考生应注意理顺这些逻辑关系。
3.每一段都有长难句(画线部分),考生只有抓住关键信息、充分运用语言能力,才能理解这些句子。
【思路点拨】
　　写概要时,首先要注意每段的主题句和关键词,通过词汇替换、句式转变等多种方式改写要点,注意一定要用自己的语言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加衔接词,使各要点之间的衔接更顺畅;最后要注意单词拼写不要出现错误,也要注意大小写和标点符号,同时还要注意控制词数,不要少于40或多于80。
本文的要点可以归纳如下:
要点1,如今,父母总是给孩子相当多的赞扬,希望建立他们的自信心,但是这可能会产生相反的效果;
　　要点2,父母对孩子表扬不够同样有损孩子的自信心;
要点3,专家认为,父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子,而不是因为事情的结果;
要点4,孩子如果很努力,确实值得被赞扬。总之,父母给孩子的赞扬的多少取决于孩子的努力程度。
【参考范文】
Nowadays,
parents
tend
to
offer
considerable
praise
to
their
children,
hoping
to
build
their
confidence,
but
it
may
produce
the
opposite
effect.(要点一)
However,
not
enough
praise
from
parents
also
does
harm
to
children's
self-confidence.(要点二)Therefore,
experts
claim
that
sincere
praise
should
be
given
for
the
process
not
for
the
result.(要点三)
Meanwhile,
kids
do
deserve
praise
if
they
make
great
effort.
Anyway,
the
amount
of
praise
parents
give
should
depend
on
how
hard
their
kids
work.(要点四)
写作技法1
牢记写作流程,酿造极优作文
写作技法2
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
写作技法3
读首句析尾句,构织语境画面
写作技法4
善找转折词汇,主旨要点映眼前
写作技法5
巧妙变换表达,替换关键词语
考法帮·解题能力提升
一
解题步骤
1.浏览原文,弄清文体,根据段首句和段尾句预测段落内容甚至整个语篇内容,把握语篇主旨和结构。
2.细读原文每一个段落,把握段落大意,归纳段落要点。
3.最大限度地替换要点句子中的关键词汇,调整句子结构,尽量使各个要点句子转换成全新的表达。
4.使用恰当的衔接词把各个要点句子整合成逻辑关系清晰、内容有条理、连贯通顺的短文,要注意,各个要点句子要有相对的独立性。
二
写作注意事项
1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写主要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
3.注意要点之间的衔接,要用恰当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
4.不排斥用原文的某些词汇或词块,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少要对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
5.核查词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
写作技法1
牢记写作流程,酿造极优作文
写作技法2
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
正确使用衔接词语,使所写的概要结构紧凑、逻辑清晰、语意连贯。
1.并列
as
well
as也　both...and...
……和……都
not
only...but
also...不仅……而且……
2.递进
besides除……之外
furthermore此外　
moreover而且
what's
more更为重要的是　
more
importantly更重要的是
to
make
matters
worse=what's
worse=worse
still更糟糕的是
3.对比和转折
but但是　
instead反而　　　　
while而
however/nevertheless然而
otherwise否则
unlike与……不同
on
the
contrary与此相反
compared
to与……相比
in
contrast
to与……形成对比
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...
一方面……另一方面……
4.因果
therefore/consequently/as
a
result因此
because
of/as
a
result
of/on
account
of/due
to因为
thanks
to/owing
to由于
5.目的
in
order
to/so
as
to为了
so
that/in
order
that为了
for
the
purpose
of为了
6.强调
especially特别　
particularly特别　
indeed确实
not
at
all根本不　
or
rather确切地说
7.顺序
first/second/third首先/第二/第三
firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后
to
start
with/next/in
addition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后
first
of
all/besides/last
but
not
least首先/此外/最后但同样重要的是
8.总结
in
short/in
brief/in
summary总之
to
sum
up/to
summarize总之
all
in
all总的说来
on
the
whole总的说来
写作技法3
读首句析尾句,构织语境画面
我们在归纳段落要点之前,通常需要快速浏览整篇文章,掌握其主旨和语篇结构。所给阅读材料通常格式规范,结构清晰,因此,我们通过阅读第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白该语篇的主旨;然后寻读每一段的首句和尾句,尝试预测每一段的主旨;再观察段落之间的组织方式,了解该语篇的文脉。这样,我们就能在大脑中构织出语境的初步画面。
　　比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第一段的首句是"Parents
everywhere
praise
their
kids",最后一段的尾句是"But
whatever
it
is,
praise
should
be
given
on
a
case-by-case
basis
and
be
proportionate(相称的)to
the
amount
of
effort
your
child
has
put
into
it",由这两句话可知,这篇文章的主旨是父母表扬孩子要依据孩子努力的程度。然后我们可根据每一段的首句和尾句判断出各段的主旨。
写作技法4
善找转折词汇,主旨要点映眼前
表示转折的词后面的内容,或者含有though,
although,
while等引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要点,也是作者真实的写作意图。
比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第二段最后一句"In
fact...and
obviously,
if
you
live
across
the
country
that
won't
be
as
much
of
a
possibility,
but
if
you
live
nearby,
go
check
it
out!",本句的主旨要点是but后面的"if
you
live
nearby,
go
check
it
out!"。
　　再如最后一段的尾句"While
visiting
an
online
college
fair
can't
take
the
place
of
an
actual
campus
visit,
it
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
that
along
with
all
your
other
research
will
help
you
make
an
informed
decision
about
which
colleges
or
universities
you'd
like
to
attend",
"While
visiting...visit"是让步状语从句,该句的主旨要点是主句的内容。
写作技法5
巧妙变换表达,替换关键词语
写概要时,考生要用自己的语言进行表达,可以通过同义转换、词性转换、句式转换、正话反说、反话正说等技巧替换原文中的一些关键词语。具体替换方法如下:
1.同义转换
(1)近义词替换原词
Never
will
Chen
Yu
forget
his
first
job
as
a
journalist.
→Chen
Yu
will
always
remember
his
first
job
as
a
reporter.?
(2)单词替换短语
①Clearing
away
dirt
is
good
for
health.?
→Clearing
away
dirt
benefits
health.
②With
much
of
the
public's
attention,
stars
suffer
from
great
pressure.?
→Living
in
the
public
gaze,
stars
face
great
pressure.
(3)概括词替换具体词
She
brought
home
several
Chinese
and
English
novels,
a
few
copies
of
Reader's
Digest
and
Newsweek,
and
some
textbooks.?
→She
brought
home
some
books
and
magazines.?
2.词性转换
(1)动词转换为名词
He
failed
to
pass
the
drug
test,
and
the
boss
had
to
dismiss
him
from
his
job.
→His
failure
of
passing
the
drug
test
resulted
in
his
job
dismissal.
(2)形容词转换为名词
Your
skin
will
be
burnt
if
you
are
exposed
to
the
sun
too
long.
→Too
long
exposure
to
the
sun
will
harm
your
skin.
(3)形容词(短语)转换为动词(短语)
Reading
can
not
only
make
you
relaxed
but
also
be
good
for
your
mind.?
→Reading
can
not
only
relax
your
body
but
also
do
good
to
your
mind.?
3.句式转换
(1)主被动语态的相互转换
Two
experiments
were
carried
out
by
a
psychologist.?
→A
psychologist
performed
two
experiments.
(2)特殊句式与正常语序的相互转换
Only
if
you
ask
many
different
questions
will
you
acquire
all
the
information.?
→You
will
obtain
all
the
information
if
you
ask
many
different
questions.?
(3)从句之间的相互转换
He
concludes
that
people
do
not
have
the
ability
to
sense
when
they're
being
stared
at.?
→His
conclusion
is
that
people
are
not
equipped
with
the
ability
to
feel
others'
observation.?
(4)从句压缩、转换
①状语从句转换为介词短语
When
he
arrives,
please
send
me
an
e-mail.?
→On
his
arrival,
please
send
me
an
e-mail.?
②条件状语从句转换为非谓语结构
If
everything
is
considered,
his
plan
seems
to
be
more
workable.?
→Everything
taken
into
consideration,
his
plan
seems
to
be
more
workable.?
4.正话反说
(1)I
quite
agree
with
you.
→I
couldn't
agree
with
you
more.?
(2)His
hometown
is
the
most
beautiful
place.?
→No
place
is
more
beautiful
than
his
hometown.?
5.反话正说
(1)Without
advertising,
it
will
be
very
difficult
for
customers
to
judge
the
worth
of
a
product.
→With
advertising,
it
will
be
very
easy
for
customers
to
judge
the
worth
of
a
product.
(2)The
most
important
step
is
to
fill
in
the
application
form
without
any
false
information.?
→It's
essential
to
fill
in
the
application
form
correctly.