广东高考语法填空技巧训练（非提示空）
文档属性
| 名称 | 广东高考语法填空技巧训练（非提示空） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 92.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-05-08 09:49:34 | ||
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文档简介
教学目标 高考英语语法专题训练----通过训练掌握基本的做题技巧
重点、难点 非提示空的从属连词 非提示空的代词判断 提示空的非谓语动词
考点及考试要求 高考的重要题型，占分15分！要求学生阅读短文进行语法填空。
教学内容
Step One: Warming Up Hello! Greeting Step Two: Revision Come on! 1.句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 2.英文中词性有：名词、代词、冠词、连词、形容词、副词、动词、数词、介词 3.语法填空考点 我们可以总结出语法填空的考点或考查内容是： (1)纯空格题（非提示空）：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。 (2)用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。 Step Three : Key points and analysis 基本语法的解析 纯空格题（非提示空）： 解题方法：句意理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案 一）冠词：特指用the， 第一次提及，泛指用a/an（单数，后面单词第一个字母元音开头的） 边做边悟： 1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had __ amazing conversation. 2.(2010)Ａ young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____water was sweet. 3. (2009) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet 4.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to __ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. 详解： 1. 作宾语的名词amazing conversation前应填限定词; 根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词an, 因为have a conversation 意为“谈话”。 2. 作主语的名词前应填限定语; 特指前面提到的clear water, 相当于“这”种清泉, 故填The。 3. 句中experience意为“经历”, 是可数名词;作表语的名词experience前应填限定词; 由冒号之后的内容可知, 一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历, 表示“一次”用不定冠词, 故填a。 4. 作宾语的名词small town前应填限定语; 由句意可知, 此处指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修, 表示“一个”, 用不定冠词, small以辅音开头, 故填a。 归纳总结： 在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a或an; 二）介词：是一种虚词，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。 如：in, on ,to ,with,等。 on a. 在……上面 b. 在……时刻 c. 关于 in a. （表示位置）在……里/内/中 b. 在…（时间） c. 穿 ; 戴 d. 在…（情况 / 状况） 中 for a. （表示方向） 往；向 b. （表示所属） ……的 c. （表示时间距离） 计；达 d. （说明目的或用途） 为 to a.（表示方向） 到 ; 向 b. （表示间接关系） 给 c. （表示钟点） 在……之 with a.（表示具有） 带有 ; 具有 b. （表示手段或方法）用 ; 以 c. （表示伴随） 与…一道 ; 和…一起 边做边悟： as 作为 边做边悟： 1.(2011)I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him __ _his own either. 2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _____a happy heart. 3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes _ _ sale. 4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already __ table having supper. 5. (2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. ________ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 6.(2008)He was very tired _________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. 7.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me __ a guest in their house. 8.(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ _ the trouble I had caused her. 详解： 1. 因on one’s own(=alone)是固定搭配, 所以填on 2. 名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 由句意可知, 是指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家, 表示“带着”用with, 介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语, 修饰谓语went home。 3. 名词sale在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配, 故填on。 4. 名词(table)在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语; 由having supper可知,填at; 因为at table表示“在餐桌边, 在进餐”, 也是习惯搭配。 5. 因名词these proverbs在句中不是作主语, 也不是作动词的宾语, 应当是作介词的宾语, 即空格处应填介词; 由表示存在的句型可知, 应当是指在某个地方或某个时间存在, 此处应是指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后/里面”常常有有趣的故事, 故填介词Behind或In。注意, 在句首, 要大写开头。 6. 因动名词短语doing this不是作主语, 也不是作动词的宾语, 应是作介词的宾语, 即空格处应填介词; 又因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”, 表示“在……之后”,用介词after; 另外be tired from doing (因做某事而累)是固定搭配, 故也可填from。 7. 因名词a guest在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 可推断是作介词的宾语, 应填一个介词; 又由句意“把我当作客人来接待(receive sb.as...)”, 可知填介词as。 8. 因名词the trouble在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 应当是作介词的宾语; 表示“因……而酬谢 / 报答某人”是reward sb.for sth., 故填for。 归纳总结： 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语,既然不作主语和动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语了,所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义(如上述题1～5)来决定,也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配(如上述6～8题)来决定。 三）代词：是代替名词的一种词类。 英语中代词有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等。 不定代词有：some, any, another, others, all,both, either.....or.....,neither.....nor 边做边悟： 1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made ___ of us feel good. 3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __ ” 4.(2009)... although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____. 5. (2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about __day and night. 7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ _ . 详解： 1. 因but后的并列句中缺主语, 应填代词; 根据语境, 不难推出走开坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人, 即other people, 指人, 是复数, 作主语, 应当填they。 2. 作made的宾语, 用代词, 由上文 “We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation”可知, 指作者和那个智障人“两个人”,故填both。 3. 因及物动词like(喜欢)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 指前面提到的“水(the water)”,用it。 4. 及物动词please(使……高兴)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由语境和常识可知, 给父亲买礼物, 应是使父亲高兴, 故填宾格人称代词him。 5. 动词was的前面显然缺主语, 应填代词; 由句式结构可知, 填it, 在宾语从句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是to choose...。 6. 介词about后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由句意或前后逻辑可知, 应填it, 指代前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。 7. 因(that) I had caused是定语从句, 先行词是trouble, 代表先行词的关系代词that在从句中作宾语, 被省略了; 由搭配cause sb.trouble(=cause trouble for sb.给某人造成麻烦)可知, 填宾语人称代词her, 指代the old woman。 归纳总结： 当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。 因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,你就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it ,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。 四）连词：连词是连接词、短语、从句语句子的词，它是虚词，所以不能单独担任句子成分。 连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。 它包括：and，or，but，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。 从属连词：用来引导从句。 它包括：that，when，till，until after，before，since，because，if，whether。though，although，so…that，so that，as soon as， as…as等。 边做边悟： 1.(2011)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ____ the bus arrived. 2.(2011)Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk, ... 3.(2010)He filled his leather container so that he____ could bring some back to an elder had been his teacher. 4.(2010)We understand this lesson best ____ we receive gifts of love from children. 5.(2009)Jane paused in front of a counter _____ some attractive ties were on display. 6.(2008)One day, he came up with an idea ____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 7. (2008) He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 8. (2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. 9. (2007)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _____ there was a garage. 10.(2010佛山二模)The robbers came in at about 22: 00 on Saturday ____ left at 07: 00 on Sunday. 详解： 1. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句之间的逻辑关系可知, 是“等到车来”, 表示“直到”用until, 引导时间状语从句。 2. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 后面一句应当这样理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可见, 后面一句是定语从句, 先行词是people, 直接在介词后应用关系代词whom引导定语从句 3. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 故一定是填关联词; 由句意和逻辑可知, “这个长者是他的老师”, 可判断空格后这个句子是一个定语从句, 先行词是an elder, 从句中缺主语; 替代先行词且在定语从句中作主语, 应填who, 引导定语从句。 4. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 故一定是填关联词; 根据两句之间的逻辑关系, 填表示“在……的时候”的when, 引导时间状语从句。 5. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两句之间没有关联词, 必定是填关联词; 由句意和逻辑可知, “陈列引人注目的领带”应是在“柜台”里, 因此, a counter是先行词, 其后是定语从句,要填的词在从句中作地点状语, 故填关系副词where。 6. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有联关词, 应填关联词; 由前后的意义关系可知, 空格后是同位语从句, 说明idea的具体内容; 名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整, 故用that引导。 7. 空格前后都是句子且这两句之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 又因后句的he felt very happy与前句的He was very tired是转折关系,故填but。 8. 因as to(关于)是介词, 其后应接宾语; 由should have...可知, as to后是宾语从句, 宾语从句中should have是谓语, 前面缺主语; 由常识可知“有幸接待我”的应是人, 故用who引导宾语从句。 9. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句间的逻辑关系可知,后句是定语从句修饰a small town, 空格要填的词在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用关系副词where(=in which)引导定语从句。 10. 因left...与came...是并列关系, 一起作谓语, 故填并列连词and。 归纳总结： 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(如上述第10题)。 具体填哪个关联词,由两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。若是句子与句子之间,还要分析整个句子的结构,分清主句与从句,弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分,确定是从句类型(在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句;作定语叫定语从句； 表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句),以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点(如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的;引导名词性从句的关联词,that没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时即填that,而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分,who, whom, which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分)来决定。 五）起承转合的副词或副词性短语、数词和特殊句型 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。 有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 边做边悟： 1. This, , didn’t bother me because math had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模) 2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise . （深圳罗湖） 数词的考查，主要是基数词与序数词的转换。 边做边悟： 1. It was his ___________ (nine ) year of school. （深二模） 2.In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was where everyone bought the things he couldn’t make or grow at home. 特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 边做边悟： 1.(2010茂名一模)I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I ____happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled. 2. (2007肇庆二模) Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game, __ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. 3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模） 4.…"as a matter of _________, you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模) 5. (2010年韶关二模)It was not until 1840 ____the official organization known as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries. 详解： 1. 因谓语动词happen是原形, 而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式, 时态不一致, 所以此处应填情态动词或助动词;由句意“我解释说, 虽然我没有带现金, 但我的确恰好有一张新毯子”, 故填助动词did, 对谓语动词进行强调。 2. 由句子结构可知, 填it构成强调句型. 3. So位于句首，引起倒装。考查it构成强调句型，实际上I was so careless that I had forgotten...... 4. 固定搭配“"as a matter of fact”意为“实际上”。 5. 因it was not until...that...(直到……才)是强调结构, 故填that。 归纳总结： (1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词,或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did等 (2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时; (3)填it或that,以构成it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。 Step Four: 真题语篇训练 解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案 07年 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometers away 6 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 . 08年 Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 1 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 2 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help 3 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 4 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 5 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 6 doing this for a whole day, 7 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 8 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 9 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 10 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 09年 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 1 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 2 （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not 3 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 4 （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter ____5______ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her ____6___ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _____7____ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _____8____. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already ______9______ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ___10_______（inform）. 10年 A young man, while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water. ____1_____water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ____2____ had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man ______3____ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _____4______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home ____5______a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let __6_____student taste the water. He spit it out, _____7____(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _____8____ ” The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _____9_____ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _____10____ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. 11年 One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front. He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 5 (mental) disabled. Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 8 his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 9 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made 10 of us feel good. Step Five: Homework 请以放电影的形式，回顾所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。 二、 请抄写下语法填空真题训练中的生单词，并进行熟记。 三、 语法专练------熟能生巧： 语法填空专练一 In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now 语法填空专练二 Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. 语法填空专练三 We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam) systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination. There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge. 加油！
重点、难点 非提示空的从属连词 非提示空的代词判断 提示空的非谓语动词
考点及考试要求 高考的重要题型，占分15分！要求学生阅读短文进行语法填空。
教学内容
Step One: Warming Up Hello! Greeting Step Two: Revision Come on! 1.句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 2.英文中词性有：名词、代词、冠词、连词、形容词、副词、动词、数词、介词 3.语法填空考点 我们可以总结出语法填空的考点或考查内容是： (1)纯空格题（非提示空）：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。 (2)用括号中所给词填空（提示空）：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。 Step Three : Key points and analysis 基本语法的解析 纯空格题（非提示空）： 解题方法：句意理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案 一）冠词：特指用the， 第一次提及，泛指用a/an（单数，后面单词第一个字母元音开头的） 边做边悟： 1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had __ amazing conversation. 2.(2010)Ａ young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____water was sweet. 3. (2009) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet 4.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to __ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. 详解： 1. 作宾语的名词amazing conversation前应填限定词; 根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词an, 因为have a conversation 意为“谈话”。 2. 作主语的名词前应填限定语; 特指前面提到的clear water, 相当于“这”种清泉, 故填The。 3. 句中experience意为“经历”, 是可数名词;作表语的名词experience前应填限定词; 由冒号之后的内容可知, 一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历, 表示“一次”用不定冠词, 故填a。 4. 作宾语的名词small town前应填限定语; 由句意可知, 此处指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修, 表示“一个”, 用不定冠词, small以辅音开头, 故填a。 归纳总结： 在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a或an; 二）介词：是一种虚词，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。 如：in, on ,to ,with,等。 on a. 在……上面 b. 在……时刻 c. 关于 in a. （表示位置）在……里/内/中 b. 在…（时间） c. 穿 ; 戴 d. 在…（情况 / 状况） 中 for a. （表示方向） 往；向 b. （表示所属） ……的 c. （表示时间距离） 计；达 d. （说明目的或用途） 为 to a.（表示方向） 到 ; 向 b. （表示间接关系） 给 c. （表示钟点） 在……之 with a.（表示具有） 带有 ; 具有 b. （表示手段或方法）用 ; 以 c. （表示伴随） 与…一道 ; 和…一起 边做边悟： as 作为 边做边悟： 1.(2011)I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him __ _his own either. 2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _____a happy heart. 3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes _ _ sale. 4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already __ table having supper. 5. (2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. ________ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 6.(2008)He was very tired _________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. 7.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me __ a guest in their house. 8.(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ _ the trouble I had caused her. 详解： 1. 因on one’s own(=alone)是固定搭配, 所以填on 2. 名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 由句意可知, 是指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家, 表示“带着”用with, 介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语, 修饰谓语went home。 3. 名词sale在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配, 故填on。 4. 名词(table)在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语; 由having supper可知,填at; 因为at table表示“在餐桌边, 在进餐”, 也是习惯搭配。 5. 因名词these proverbs在句中不是作主语, 也不是作动词的宾语, 应当是作介词的宾语, 即空格处应填介词; 由表示存在的句型可知, 应当是指在某个地方或某个时间存在, 此处应是指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后/里面”常常有有趣的故事, 故填介词Behind或In。注意, 在句首, 要大写开头。 6. 因动名词短语doing this不是作主语, 也不是作动词的宾语, 应是作介词的宾语, 即空格处应填介词; 又因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”, 表示“在……之后”,用介词after; 另外be tired from doing (因做某事而累)是固定搭配, 故也可填from。 7. 因名词a guest在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 可推断是作介词的宾语, 应填一个介词; 又由句意“把我当作客人来接待(receive sb.as...)”, 可知填介词as。 8. 因名词the trouble在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 应当是作介词的宾语; 表示“因……而酬谢 / 报答某人”是reward sb.for sth., 故填for。 归纳总结： 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的宾语时,填介词。 因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语,既然不作主语和动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语了,所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义(如上述题1～5)来决定,也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配(如上述6～8题)来决定。 三）代词：是代替名词的一种词类。 英语中代词有：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等。 不定代词有：some, any, another, others, all,both, either.....or.....,neither.....nor 边做边悟： 1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made ___ of us feel good. 3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __ ” 4.(2009)... although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____. 5. (2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about __day and night. 7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ _ . 详解： 1. 因but后的并列句中缺主语, 应填代词; 根据语境, 不难推出走开坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人, 即other people, 指人, 是复数, 作主语, 应当填they。 2. 作made的宾语, 用代词, 由上文 “We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation”可知, 指作者和那个智障人“两个人”,故填both。 3. 因及物动词like(喜欢)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 指前面提到的“水(the water)”,用it。 4. 及物动词please(使……高兴)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由语境和常识可知, 给父亲买礼物, 应是使父亲高兴, 故填宾格人称代词him。 5. 动词was的前面显然缺主语, 应填代词; 由句式结构可知, 填it, 在宾语从句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是to choose...。 6. 介词about后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由句意或前后逻辑可知, 应填it, 指代前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。 7. 因(that) I had caused是定语从句, 先行词是trouble, 代表先行词的关系代词that在从句中作宾语, 被省略了; 由搭配cause sb.trouble(=cause trouble for sb.给某人造成麻烦)可知, 填宾语人称代词her, 指代the old woman。 归纳总结： 当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。 因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,你就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it ,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。 四）连词：连词是连接词、短语、从句语句子的词，它是虚词，所以不能单独担任句子成分。 连词主要分为两大类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词：用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。 它包括：and，or，but，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。 从属连词：用来引导从句。 它包括：that，when，till，until after，before，since，because，if，whether。though，although，so…that，so that，as soon as， as…as等。 边做边悟： 1.(2011)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ____ the bus arrived. 2.(2011)Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk, ... 3.(2010)He filled his leather container so that he____ could bring some back to an elder had been his teacher. 4.(2010)We understand this lesson best ____ we receive gifts of love from children. 5.(2009)Jane paused in front of a counter _____ some attractive ties were on display. 6.(2008)One day, he came up with an idea ____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 7. (2008) He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 8. (2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. 9. (2007)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _____ there was a garage. 10.(2010佛山二模)The robbers came in at about 22: 00 on Saturday ____ left at 07: 00 on Sunday. 详解： 1. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句之间的逻辑关系可知, 是“等到车来”, 表示“直到”用until, 引导时间状语从句。 2. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 后面一句应当这样理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可见, 后面一句是定语从句, 先行词是people, 直接在介词后应用关系代词whom引导定语从句 3. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 故一定是填关联词; 由句意和逻辑可知, “这个长者是他的老师”, 可判断空格后这个句子是一个定语从句, 先行词是an elder, 从句中缺主语; 替代先行词且在定语从句中作主语, 应填who, 引导定语从句。 4. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 故一定是填关联词; 根据两句之间的逻辑关系, 填表示“在……的时候”的when, 引导时间状语从句。 5. 因空格前后都是句子, 且这两句之间没有关联词, 必定是填关联词; 由句意和逻辑可知, “陈列引人注目的领带”应是在“柜台”里, 因此, a counter是先行词, 其后是定语从句,要填的词在从句中作地点状语, 故填关系副词where。 6. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有联关词, 应填关联词; 由前后的意义关系可知, 空格后是同位语从句, 说明idea的具体内容; 名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整, 故用that引导。 7. 空格前后都是句子且这两句之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 又因后句的he felt very happy与前句的He was very tired是转折关系,故填but。 8. 因as to(关于)是介词, 其后应接宾语; 由should have...可知, as to后是宾语从句, 宾语从句中should have是谓语, 前面缺主语; 由常识可知“有幸接待我”的应是人, 故用who引导宾语从句。 9. 空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 由两句间的逻辑关系可知,后句是定语从句修饰a small town, 空格要填的词在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用关系副词where(=in which)引导定语从句。 10. 因left...与came...是并列关系, 一起作谓语, 故填并列连词and。 归纳总结： 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(如上述第10题)。 具体填哪个关联词,由两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。若是句子与句子之间,还要分析整个句子的结构,分清主句与从句,弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分,确定是从句类型(在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句;作定语叫定语从句； 表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句),以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点(如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的;引导名词性从句的关联词,that没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时即填that,而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分,who, whom, which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分)来决定。 五）起承转合的副词或副词性短语、数词和特殊句型 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。 有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。 边做边悟： 1. This, , didn’t bother me because math had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模) 2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise . （深圳罗湖） 数词的考查，主要是基数词与序数词的转换。 边做边悟： 1. It was his ___________ (nine ) year of school. （深二模） 2.In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was where everyone bought the things he couldn’t make or grow at home. 特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。 边做边悟： 1.(2010茂名一模)I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I ____happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled. 2. (2007肇庆二模) Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game, __ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. 3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模） 4.…"as a matter of _________, you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模) 5. (2010年韶关二模)It was not until 1840 ____the official organization known as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries. 详解： 1. 因谓语动词happen是原形, 而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式, 时态不一致, 所以此处应填情态动词或助动词;由句意“我解释说, 虽然我没有带现金, 但我的确恰好有一张新毯子”, 故填助动词did, 对谓语动词进行强调。 2. 由句子结构可知, 填it构成强调句型. 3. So位于句首，引起倒装。考查it构成强调句型，实际上I was so careless that I had forgotten...... 4. 固定搭配“"as a matter of fact”意为“实际上”。 5. 因it was not until...that...(直到……才)是强调结构, 故填that。 归纳总结： (1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词,或强调谓语的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did等 (2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时; (3)填it或that,以构成it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。 Step Four: 真题语篇训练 解题方法：语篇理解----根据句子成分来判断词性------考虑固定搭配-------分析综合，确定答案 07年 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2 should have the honor of receiving me 3 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 5 small town some 20 kilometers away 6 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7 villagers brought me goat's cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 8 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9 the trouble I had caused 10 . 08年 Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 1 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 2 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short—tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help 3 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 4 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 5 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 6 doing this for a whole day, 7 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 8 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 9 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 10 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 09年 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 1 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 2 （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not 3 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 4 （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter ____5______ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her ____6___ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _____7____ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _____8____. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already ______9______ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ___10_______（inform）. 10年 A young man, while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water. ____1_____water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ____2____ had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man ______3____ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _____4______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home ____5______a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let __6_____student taste the water. He spit it out, _____7____(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _____8____ ” The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _____9_____ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _____10____ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. 11年 One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front. He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 5 (mental) disabled. Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him 8 his own either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 9 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made 10 of us feel good. Step Five: Homework 请以放电影的形式，回顾所学语法填空（纯空格类）的主要词类和技巧。 二、 请抄写下语法填空真题训练中的生单词，并进行熟记。 三、 语法专练------熟能生巧： 语法填空专练一 In the small towns of the United States in the 1 (nineteen) century, the general store was 2 everyone bought the things he couldn’t make 3 grow at home. What the stores sold 4 (tell) a great deal about 5 life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and 6 foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make 7 ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were 8 (thank) for what they had and that they looked 9 with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex Would they enjoy 10 (live) a life as we do now 语法填空专练二 Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time Now I’ll give you some tips 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people. 语法填空专练三 We may be very 1 (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present 2 (exam) systems which focus 3 testing the students’ memory instead of their 4 (able). As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination 5 will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination system should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember 6 is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the 7 (good) in their studies. In addition, such 8 examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the 9 (come) examination. There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as 10 as their knowledge. 加油！