Unit 4 Do it yourself 知识点+练习（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | Unit 4 Do it yourself 知识点+练习（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 67.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-07-12 15:24:12 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
8A Unit 4
一、词汇
Instruction
可数名词，意思是“指示，说明” 常见用法：give sb. Instructions to do sth.
动词：instruct 用法：instruct sb. to do sth.
[例题] （ ）You’d better read the __________ first before you start to use the machine.
websites B. expressions C. instructions D. advertisements
exactly
副词，意思是“确切地” 常用短语：Not exactly 不完全是
[例题]He left New York for Beijing at ____________ (确切地）five o'clock, but I didn't know.
crazy
形容词，意思是“着迷的” 常见用法：对......痴迷 be crazy about sth./doing sth.
[例题]（1）老师建议David别痴迷DIY了。
The teacher advised David ___________________________________________________.
（2）很多孩子对电脑游戏着迷，很令人担忧。
It's worrying that .
（3）你最好多看书而不是着迷于看电视。
You’d better _______________________________________________________________.
Instead & instead of
（1）instead是副词，意思为“代替，相反”，通常放于句首或者句末，单独使用；如果位于句首要用“，”与后面句子隔开。
（2）instead of是介词，意思为“代替，而不是”，通常放于句中，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，还可以接与前文对应的形容词，副词或介词短语。
[例题] （1）Mr Green is ill today. I’ll go to the meeting instead .
A.for him B.of him C.of he D.for he
（2） ________, Jack will ________ the meeting tomorrow.
A. Instead; attend B. Instead of; attend
C. Instead; join D. Instead of; join
（3）你应该把你的零花钱用来买杂志，而不是用来买零食。
You should spend snacks.
terrible
（1）adj. 可怕的
例句：It’s terrible for you to work without speaking all day long. 你整天默默工作不讲话是很可怕的。
adv. 可怕地
very important/busy = terribly important/busy（“相当重要”，用于作文中的替换）
[例题]（1）（ ）----The dish smells _________. Few people will like it.
----Really? But I am sure once you taste it, you’ll fall in love with its taste.
A. nice B. terrible C. badly D. nicely
（2） He looksworried because his mother is ___________(terrible) ill now.
put短语
put in 安装 put in the light
put up 1.举起 put up your hand
2.张贴 put up a poster
3.搭建 put up a shelf on your bed
put on 1.穿上 put on your coat
2.上演 put on a play
put out 扑灭 put out the fire
put away 把......放好 Put away clothes when you take them off.
put off 推迟 put off the meeting
put down 1.放下 2.镇压 put down a riot（暴乱）
[例题]（1）Who __________the light for you? It looks much brighter now.
A. put up B. put out C. put in D. put away
（2）I don’t think Jim can ________ a picture on his bedroom wall because he is so short.
A. put on B. put in C. put up D. put together
mistake
可数名词，意思为“错误”。 常见用法：犯错误 make mistakes
重点句型回顾：考试中你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。
_______________________________________________________________.
（2）动词（vt./vi.）,意思为“弄错，误解”。 常见用法：把A误认为是B mistake A for B
fill
（1）动词，意思为“充满”。
（2）两组短语
fill…with…用……填充…… 例如：用水充满房间 fill the room with water
be filled with ...... = be full of ......
Eg. 房间充满了水。
_________________________________________________________________.
[例题]（1）（ ）First, we must______ the bottle______ some water.
A. fill; of B. fill; with C. full; of D. full; with
（2）是谁刚才把这个篮子装满了鲜花？
Who _____________________________________________________ just now?
not only......but (also)...... 不仅…而且…；……和……
（1）谓语就近原则
Eg:Not only Tom but also his classmates are working hard.
解析：两个主语：Tom + his classmates ，因“his classmates”离谓语近，所以由它决定谓语部分用“are”。
“not only......but (also)......”可以和“both......and......”进行同义句转换。
其中，“both......and......”谓语部分是复数，无就近原则。
E.g.Both she and I are good at English.
[例题]（1）Not only his friends but also the headmaster____________ (pick) litter around the school.
（2）Not only Millie but also Tom is good at DIY. (改为同义句）
____________ Millie ___________Tom _________ good at DIY.
（3）Mary invited Smith and John to her birthday. (改为同义句）
___________ Smith ___________ John are invited to Mary’s birthday party.
advice & advise
advice是不可数名词，意思为“建议，意见”
some advice; a piece of advice; two pieces of advice
给我一些在英语方面的建议：give me some advice on English
advise是及物动词，意为“建议”
advise doing sth 建议做某事 I advise wait for the right time.
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 He advised us to sell the house.
advise sb against doing sth. 劝告某人不要做某事
advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人有某种情况
[例题]：1.Thank you for your .
A. advise B.advice C.advices D.advises
2. If you _really_ want to lose some weight, I advise you fast food.
A. stopped eating B. stopping eating C. to stop to eat D. to stop eating
cut短语
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut out 切断；删掉
cut in 插嘴；超车
cut off 切断；中断
12. add
add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：
（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”。例如：
Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。
（2）add to表示“增加；增添”，其中to是介词，后接名词或代词。例如：
Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty.
参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。
（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：
Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.
把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。
（4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。 例如：
All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.
Shall I_____________(补充) your name on the list?
13. for example
for example意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
这里有许多种污染，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games, for example, Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【拓展】
such as也意为“例如”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，一般不全部列出，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
（ ）1.________, he is only a middle school student.
A. For example B. Such as C. Instead of D. Stand for
14. Leave vt. 使处于某种状态
leave 用作使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，后常接分词、形容词、副词或介词作宾语补足语。
The moving story left him unmoved. 他对这个感人的故事无动于衷。
Leave the door open. 让门开着吧。
[拓展] leave 可用作实义动词。用作及物动词，意为“留下，留给”；用作不及物动词，意为“离开；出发”。其过去分词为left，意为“剩下的，剩余的，没有用完的”，修饰名词或不定代词时常常后置。leave还可用作名词，意为“休假，假期”。
His mother left for Shanghai this morning. 他的妈妈今天上午动身去了上海。
I left my umbrella at home. 我把雨伞落在家里了。
We are going to have five days' leave. 我们将有五天假期。
Do you have some pocket money left, Linda? 琳达，你还有剩下的零花钱吗？
例题：To save water, please don’t ______ the water running when you are not washing things.
A. get B. make C. stop D. leave
2. Why did you leave the boy ____________ in the classroom?.
A. sitting B. sit C. sits D. sat
3.When will they leave ____________ Shanghai?
A. by B. from C. for D. in
句型
1．No problem! no problem意为“没问题”，这是日常用语，用法如下：
(1)用来表示同意或愉快地回答请求，意为“没问题；小事一桩”。如：
一Could you post the letter for me? 一No problem．
(2)用来表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题；不在话下”。如：
Can you make a kite? 一No problem．
[例题]( )---The exchange student went back to his country yesterday.
--- _____________ I didn’t say goodbye to him.
A.All right. B. No way. C. No problem D. What a shame!
( )---Hi,Jack.I can’t go to Taiwan to see you during the Spring Festival.
---___________! I’ll miss you very much.
A.Best wishes B.That sounds good C.What a pity D.No problem
When you do DIY, you make, repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.
当你做DIY的时候，你自己制作，修理或者装饰东西而不是付钱找人来做。
（1）instead of 后面加动名词V-ing，翻译成“而不是做某事”。
（2）pay some money for something （paid） 为某物付钱
pay someone to do something 付钱给某人做某事
sb. spend sm. on sth. (spent) 某人花---钱在某方面
sb spend sm. doing sth. 某人花 钱做某事
sth. cost sb. sm. (cost) 某物花费某人 钱
(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
[例题]（1）Eg:I _____ two hours on this maths problem.
A new computer _______ a lot of money.
Repairing this car ________him the whole afternoon.
（2）我妈妈不愿意付钱请人来安装灯。
? My mother isn’t _____________________________________.
（3）你们花了多长时间乘地铁去故宫？
How long did it ______________________________________the Palace Museum?
3.Last month, he thought the living room in his house was boring, so he painted it blue.
上个月，他认为他房子里的起居室太无聊了，所以他把它涂成了蓝色。
paint it blue 把它涂成蓝色 结构：paint /colour （v.给...着色）sth. + 颜色
4.They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other.
书无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多。
end动词，意思为“结束”。 比如：这场电影在九点结束。____________________________________.
名词，意思为“末尾”。 常用短语：in the end ; at the end of ......
还可以是“端”。 常用短语：在城市的南端 at the southern end of the city
（2）“副词 much+形容词比较级”体现比较的程度。类似的表达还有 much bigger(大得多)， much more(多得多)，much more beautiful(漂亮得多)等。
除了much, 我们的比较级修饰词还有__________________________________________。
（3）one..., the other... 两者（一个......另一个......）
another… 三者及其以上（另一个）
[拓展]other:(adj.),意思是“其他的”，后加名词。
others:等于“other+名词”。 比如：别人：other people = others
the others:两部分里的剩下的全部。 常用结构：some......the others......
I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday.
我每周六一直在独自阅读所有的书并且上课。
attend 意为“参加，出席”。通常用作及物动词，其宾语通常是 meeting，party，show，
wedding，class，lecture，school，church，lesson 等以及类似具有“活动”意义的名词。
如：Did you attend the meeting yesterday?你昨天去开会了吗？
Suzy’s cousin failed to put in a new light in his bedroom.
苏珊的堂弟没能成功在他的卧室里安装一个新灯。
fail to do sth 做某事失败 fail to pass the exam = fail in the exam 考试失败 failure(n.)失败
成功：（n.）success （adj.）successful (adv.)successfully (v.)succeed
成功做某事：do sth. successfully = succeed in doing = be sucessful in doing
Please don’t give up. 请不要放弃。
give up 放弃 ，常用结构：give up sth. / doing sth.
give短语：give out 分发 give away 泄露 give off 释放 give back 归还
Grammar
1.祈使句
定义：用于表达命令，请求，劝告，警告，禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。因对象通常为第二人称，所以常省略，谓语动词用一般现在时。
肯定句：
1.Do 型（动原+宾语+其他）
Eg. Have a seat here please. 请坐在这儿。 Keep off the grass. 勿踏草坪。
Go and wash your hands. 请去洗洗手。
2.Be型（Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他
Be a good boy. 做个好孩子吧。 Be careful! 小心！
3.Let型（Let+宾语+动原+其他）
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
例题： ---Sorry for being late again.
--- here on time next time, or you’ll be punished(惩罚).
A. To be B. Being C. Been D. Be
否定句：
Do 型，Be型，Let型都可以在句首加Don’t. 但是Let型还可以在动原前面加 not
Eg. Don’t go and wash your hands. 请不要去洗手。
Don’t be careless. 别粗心。
Don’t let him have a look.= Let him not have a look. 不要让他看。
注：No+名词/动词ing 表示禁止，也是一种否定句。
No smoking. 禁止抽烟。 No parking. 禁止泊车。
No swimming. 禁止游泳。 No photos. 禁止拍照。 No pet. 禁带宠物。
祈使句的反义疑问句：
肯定句的反义疑问句，疑问部分用will you /won’t you 均可。
Please open the door, will you /won’t you?
Go and wash your hands, will you /won’t you?
否定句的反义疑问句，疑问部分用will you 。
Don’t go and wash your hands，will you?
Don’t be careless, will you? Don’t be late,will you?
以Let’s 开头， 疑问部分用shall we,
以Let us 开头，疑问部分用will you /won’t you 均可.
Let me help you, will you /won’t you?
Let’s go to school, shall we?
例题：1.--- Don’t forget your homework next time, you? ---Sorry, I .
A.will;will B.do;do C.will;won’t D.do;don’t
2. — Tom, any sugar to my coffee.
— OK. What about some milk in the coffee?
A. doesn’t add B. didn’t add C. not add D. don’t add
2.用should和had better提建议
should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。
1．should表“建议”
(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。如：
You should do your homework more carefully．你应该更认真地做作业。
He should be back in three days．他应该3天后回来。
(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。如：
一You shouldn’t come here alone again．
一 Should we discuss it at once?一Yes，you should．
You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you?
例题：1.You be impatient when you do a DIY job. This needs some time and patience.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. wouldn't D. may not
2. — Now, the fruit is ready. What should I do next?
— _______ the watermelon into small pieces.
A. Cutting B. To cut C. To cutting D. Cut
2．had better表“建议”
(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。如：
You’d better clean your room every day．你最好每天都打扫房间。
(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。如：
We’d better not stay at home．我们最好不要待在家里。
You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you? 你最好来看我，好吗?
例题：1.You’d better to music when your homework.
A. not to listen; do B. to not listen; to do C.not listen; to do D. not listen; doing
2. You’d better not the window.Just leave it .
A.to open;close B.to open;closed C.open;close D.open;closed
3. to the city hall on time,it’s better a taxi.
A. To get;to take B. Get ;to take C. Get ;take D. To get;take
4. You look quite tired. You'd better a good rest.
A. stop having B to stop to have C. to stop having D. stop to have
5. — Excuse me, but can I take the seat? — , young man. It’s for the elderly only.
A. You’d better not B. You’d better don’t C. Why not D. Never mind
8. I’m certain that I can fix it myself.
certain是形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信……
例如：
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会来。
9. This is the first card I made for Mum．
(1) ①make sb. / sth. + adj.意为“使某人/某物……”
②make sb.+ do（动词原形，在主动语态中不加to）sth. 意为“使某人做某事”
③常见的由make构成的短语
make a mistake 犯错误
make a noise 吵闹，弄出噪声
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a face 做鬼脸
make a living 谋生，维持生活
make fun of 取笑，嘲笑
make sure 确信，务必，弄清楚
make up one’s mind 下定决心
make up 弥补，构成，编造
make…into 把……变成
一、词汇
Instruction
可数名词，意思是“指示，说明” 常见用法：give sb. Instructions to do sth.
动词：instruct 用法：instruct sb. to do sth.
[例题] （ ）You’d better read the __________ first before you start to use the machine.
websites B. expressions C. instructions D. advertisements
exactly
副词，意思是“确切地” 常用短语：Not exactly 不完全是
[例题]He left New York for Beijing at ____________ (确切地）five o'clock, but I didn't know.
crazy
形容词，意思是“着迷的” 常见用法：对......痴迷 be crazy about sth./doing sth.
[例题]（1）老师建议David别痴迷DIY了。
The teacher advised David ___________________________________________________.
（2）很多孩子对电脑游戏着迷，很令人担忧。
It's worrying that .
（3）你最好多看书而不是着迷于看电视。
You’d better _______________________________________________________________.
Instead & instead of
（1）instead是副词，意思为“代替，相反”，通常放于句首或者句末，单独使用；如果位于句首要用“，”与后面句子隔开。
（2）instead of是介词，意思为“代替，而不是”，通常放于句中，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，还可以接与前文对应的形容词，副词或介词短语。
[例题] （1）Mr Green is ill today. I’ll go to the meeting instead .
A.for him B.of him C.of he D.for he
（2） ________, Jack will ________ the meeting tomorrow.
A. Instead; attend B. Instead of; attend
C. Instead; join D. Instead of; join
（3）你应该把你的零花钱用来买杂志，而不是用来买零食。
You should spend snacks.
terrible
（1）adj. 可怕的
例句：It’s terrible for you to work without speaking all day long. 你整天默默工作不讲话是很可怕的。
adv. 可怕地
very important/busy = terribly important/busy（“相当重要”，用于作文中的替换）
[例题]（1）（ ）----The dish smells _________. Few people will like it.
----Really? But I am sure once you taste it, you’ll fall in love with its taste.
A. nice B. terrible C. badly D. nicely
（2） He looksworried because his mother is ___________(terrible) ill now.
put短语
put in 安装 put in the light
put up 1.举起 put up your hand
2.张贴 put up a poster
3.搭建 put up a shelf on your bed
put on 1.穿上 put on your coat
2.上演 put on a play
put out 扑灭 put out the fire
put away 把......放好 Put away clothes when you take them off.
put off 推迟 put off the meeting
put down 1.放下 2.镇压 put down a riot（暴乱）
[例题]（1）Who __________the light for you? It looks much brighter now.
A. put up B. put out C. put in D. put away
（2）I don’t think Jim can ________ a picture on his bedroom wall because he is so short.
A. put on B. put in C. put up D. put together
mistake
可数名词，意思为“错误”。 常见用法：犯错误 make mistakes
重点句型回顾：考试中你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。
_______________________________________________________________.
（2）动词（vt./vi.）,意思为“弄错，误解”。 常见用法：把A误认为是B mistake A for B
fill
（1）动词，意思为“充满”。
（2）两组短语
fill…with…用……填充…… 例如：用水充满房间 fill the room with water
be filled with ...... = be full of ......
Eg. 房间充满了水。
_________________________________________________________________.
[例题]（1）（ ）First, we must______ the bottle______ some water.
A. fill; of B. fill; with C. full; of D. full; with
（2）是谁刚才把这个篮子装满了鲜花？
Who _____________________________________________________ just now?
not only......but (also)...... 不仅…而且…；……和……
（1）谓语就近原则
Eg:Not only Tom but also his classmates are working hard.
解析：两个主语：Tom + his classmates ，因“his classmates”离谓语近，所以由它决定谓语部分用“are”。
“not only......but (also)......”可以和“both......and......”进行同义句转换。
其中，“both......and......”谓语部分是复数，无就近原则。
E.g.Both she and I are good at English.
[例题]（1）Not only his friends but also the headmaster____________ (pick) litter around the school.
（2）Not only Millie but also Tom is good at DIY. (改为同义句）
____________ Millie ___________Tom _________ good at DIY.
（3）Mary invited Smith and John to her birthday. (改为同义句）
___________ Smith ___________ John are invited to Mary’s birthday party.
advice & advise
advice是不可数名词，意思为“建议，意见”
some advice; a piece of advice; two pieces of advice
给我一些在英语方面的建议：give me some advice on English
advise是及物动词，意为“建议”
advise doing sth 建议做某事 I advise wait for the right time.
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 He advised us to sell the house.
advise sb against doing sth. 劝告某人不要做某事
advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人有某种情况
[例题]：1.Thank you for your .
A. advise B.advice C.advices D.advises
2. If you _really_ want to lose some weight, I advise you fast food.
A. stopped eating B. stopping eating C. to stop to eat D. to stop eating
cut短语
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut out 切断；删掉
cut in 插嘴；超车
cut off 切断；中断
12. add
add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：
（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”。例如：
Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。
（2）add to表示“增加；增添”，其中to是介词，后接名词或代词。例如：
Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty.
参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。
（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：
Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.
把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。
（4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。 例如：
All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.
Shall I_____________(补充) your name on the list?
13. for example
for example意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
这里有许多种污染，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games, for example, Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【拓展】
such as也意为“例如”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，一般不全部列出，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好，如读书，跳舞和唱歌。
（ ）1.________, he is only a middle school student.
A. For example B. Such as C. Instead of D. Stand for
14. Leave vt. 使处于某种状态
leave 用作使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，后常接分词、形容词、副词或介词作宾语补足语。
The moving story left him unmoved. 他对这个感人的故事无动于衷。
Leave the door open. 让门开着吧。
[拓展] leave 可用作实义动词。用作及物动词，意为“留下，留给”；用作不及物动词，意为“离开；出发”。其过去分词为left，意为“剩下的，剩余的，没有用完的”，修饰名词或不定代词时常常后置。leave还可用作名词，意为“休假，假期”。
His mother left for Shanghai this morning. 他的妈妈今天上午动身去了上海。
I left my umbrella at home. 我把雨伞落在家里了。
We are going to have five days' leave. 我们将有五天假期。
Do you have some pocket money left, Linda? 琳达，你还有剩下的零花钱吗？
例题：To save water, please don’t ______ the water running when you are not washing things.
A. get B. make C. stop D. leave
2. Why did you leave the boy ____________ in the classroom?.
A. sitting B. sit C. sits D. sat
3.When will they leave ____________ Shanghai?
A. by B. from C. for D. in
句型
1．No problem! no problem意为“没问题”，这是日常用语，用法如下：
(1)用来表示同意或愉快地回答请求，意为“没问题；小事一桩”。如：
一Could you post the letter for me? 一No problem．
(2)用来表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题；不在话下”。如：
Can you make a kite? 一No problem．
[例题]( )---The exchange student went back to his country yesterday.
--- _____________ I didn’t say goodbye to him.
A.All right. B. No way. C. No problem D. What a shame!
( )---Hi,Jack.I can’t go to Taiwan to see you during the Spring Festival.
---___________! I’ll miss you very much.
A.Best wishes B.That sounds good C.What a pity D.No problem
When you do DIY, you make, repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.
当你做DIY的时候，你自己制作，修理或者装饰东西而不是付钱找人来做。
（1）instead of 后面加动名词V-ing，翻译成“而不是做某事”。
（2）pay some money for something （paid） 为某物付钱
pay someone to do something 付钱给某人做某事
sb. spend sm. on sth. (spent) 某人花---钱在某方面
sb spend sm. doing sth. 某人花 钱做某事
sth. cost sb. sm. (cost) 某物花费某人 钱
(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
[例题]（1）Eg:I _____ two hours on this maths problem.
A new computer _______ a lot of money.
Repairing this car ________him the whole afternoon.
（2）我妈妈不愿意付钱请人来安装灯。
? My mother isn’t _____________________________________.
（3）你们花了多长时间乘地铁去故宫？
How long did it ______________________________________the Palace Museum?
3.Last month, he thought the living room in his house was boring, so he painted it blue.
上个月，他认为他房子里的起居室太无聊了，所以他把它涂成了蓝色。
paint it blue 把它涂成蓝色 结构：paint /colour （v.给...着色）sth. + 颜色
4.They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other.
书无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多。
end动词，意思为“结束”。 比如：这场电影在九点结束。____________________________________.
名词，意思为“末尾”。 常用短语：in the end ; at the end of ......
还可以是“端”。 常用短语：在城市的南端 at the southern end of the city
（2）“副词 much+形容词比较级”体现比较的程度。类似的表达还有 much bigger(大得多)， much more(多得多)，much more beautiful(漂亮得多)等。
除了much, 我们的比较级修饰词还有__________________________________________。
（3）one..., the other... 两者（一个......另一个......）
another… 三者及其以上（另一个）
[拓展]other:(adj.),意思是“其他的”，后加名词。
others:等于“other+名词”。 比如：别人：other people = others
the others:两部分里的剩下的全部。 常用结构：some......the others......
I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday.
我每周六一直在独自阅读所有的书并且上课。
attend 意为“参加，出席”。通常用作及物动词，其宾语通常是 meeting，party，show，
wedding，class，lecture，school，church，lesson 等以及类似具有“活动”意义的名词。
如：Did you attend the meeting yesterday?你昨天去开会了吗？
Suzy’s cousin failed to put in a new light in his bedroom.
苏珊的堂弟没能成功在他的卧室里安装一个新灯。
fail to do sth 做某事失败 fail to pass the exam = fail in the exam 考试失败 failure(n.)失败
成功：（n.）success （adj.）successful (adv.)successfully (v.)succeed
成功做某事：do sth. successfully = succeed in doing = be sucessful in doing
Please don’t give up. 请不要放弃。
give up 放弃 ，常用结构：give up sth. / doing sth.
give短语：give out 分发 give away 泄露 give off 释放 give back 归还
Grammar
1.祈使句
定义：用于表达命令，请求，劝告，警告，禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。因对象通常为第二人称，所以常省略，谓语动词用一般现在时。
肯定句：
1.Do 型（动原+宾语+其他）
Eg. Have a seat here please. 请坐在这儿。 Keep off the grass. 勿踏草坪。
Go and wash your hands. 请去洗洗手。
2.Be型（Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他
Be a good boy. 做个好孩子吧。 Be careful! 小心！
3.Let型（Let+宾语+动原+其他）
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
例题： ---Sorry for being late again.
--- here on time next time, or you’ll be punished(惩罚).
A. To be B. Being C. Been D. Be
否定句：
Do 型，Be型，Let型都可以在句首加Don’t. 但是Let型还可以在动原前面加 not
Eg. Don’t go and wash your hands. 请不要去洗手。
Don’t be careless. 别粗心。
Don’t let him have a look.= Let him not have a look. 不要让他看。
注：No+名词/动词ing 表示禁止，也是一种否定句。
No smoking. 禁止抽烟。 No parking. 禁止泊车。
No swimming. 禁止游泳。 No photos. 禁止拍照。 No pet. 禁带宠物。
祈使句的反义疑问句：
肯定句的反义疑问句，疑问部分用will you /won’t you 均可。
Please open the door, will you /won’t you?
Go and wash your hands, will you /won’t you?
否定句的反义疑问句，疑问部分用will you 。
Don’t go and wash your hands，will you?
Don’t be careless, will you? Don’t be late,will you?
以Let’s 开头， 疑问部分用shall we,
以Let us 开头，疑问部分用will you /won’t you 均可.
Let me help you, will you /won’t you?
Let’s go to school, shall we?
例题：1.--- Don’t forget your homework next time, you? ---Sorry, I .
A.will;will B.do;do C.will;won’t D.do;don’t
2. — Tom, any sugar to my coffee.
— OK. What about some milk in the coffee?
A. doesn’t add B. didn’t add C. not add D. don’t add
2.用should和had better提建议
should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。
1．should表“建议”
(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。如：
You should do your homework more carefully．你应该更认真地做作业。
He should be back in three days．他应该3天后回来。
(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。如：
一You shouldn’t come here alone again．
一 Should we discuss it at once?一Yes，you should．
You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you?
例题：1.You be impatient when you do a DIY job. This needs some time and patience.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. wouldn't D. may not
2. — Now, the fruit is ready. What should I do next?
— _______ the watermelon into small pieces.
A. Cutting B. To cut C. To cutting D. Cut
2．had better表“建议”
(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。如：
You’d better clean your room every day．你最好每天都打扫房间。
(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。如：
We’d better not stay at home．我们最好不要待在家里。
You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you? 你最好来看我，好吗?
例题：1.You’d better to music when your homework.
A. not to listen; do B. to not listen; to do C.not listen; to do D. not listen; doing
2. You’d better not the window.Just leave it .
A.to open;close B.to open;closed C.open;close D.open;closed
3. to the city hall on time,it’s better a taxi.
A. To get;to take B. Get ;to take C. Get ;take D. To get;take
4. You look quite tired. You'd better a good rest.
A. stop having B to stop to have C. to stop having D. stop to have
5. — Excuse me, but can I take the seat? — , young man. It’s for the elderly only.
A. You’d better not B. You’d better don’t C. Why not D. Never mind
8. I’m certain that I can fix it myself.
certain是形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信……
例如：
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会来。
9. This is the first card I made for Mum．
(1) ①make sb. / sth. + adj.意为“使某人/某物……”
②make sb.+ do（动词原形，在主动语态中不加to）sth. 意为“使某人做某事”
③常见的由make构成的短语
make a mistake 犯错误
make a noise 吵闹，弄出噪声
make friends with 与……交朋友
make a face 做鬼脸
make a living 谋生，维持生活
make fun of 取笑，嘲笑
make sure 确信，务必，弄清楚
make up one’s mind 下定决心
make up 弥补，构成，编造
make…into 把……变成