河南省顶级名校2020-2021学年高二上学期英语开学测试试卷

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河南省顶级名校2020-2021学年高二上学期英语开学测试试卷
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每题2分，满分30分）
1．（2019高三上·佛山月考）阅读理解
Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger
We are having a debate about
this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.
Yes, many cyclists behave
dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are
probably the worse offenders.
People of all ages happily walk
along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware
of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing
a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them
or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.
The real problem is that some
pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that
are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.
——Michael Horan
I loved the letter from Bob
Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they
own the roads.
I was walking across
Altrincharn Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked
what he was doing he shouted at me.
The government built a cycle
lane on the road but it is hardly used.
The police do nothing. What a
laugh they are!
The cyclists should all have to
be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的)jacket
and tights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be
fined for not wearing them.
——Carol Harvey
Cyclists jump on and off
pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements,
and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are
on red.
I was almost knocked down
recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right
next to him.
Other road users, including
horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists
It's about time they had
to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or
cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an
opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the
newspaper.
（1）Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that .
A．drivers should be polite to cyclists
B．road accidents can actually be avoided
C．some pedestrians are a threat to road safety
D．walking while using phones hum one's eyes
（2）Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should .
A．be provided with enough roads
B．be asked to ride on their own lanes
C．be made to pay less tax for cycling
D．be fined for laughing at policemen
（3）The underline word "they" in the third letter refers to .
A．accidents B．vehicles C．pedestrians D．cyclists
（4）The three letters present viewpoints on .
A．real sources of road danger B．ways to improve road facilities
C．measures to punish road offences D．increased awareness of road rules
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三封信来探讨一个问题：谁才是马路安全的威胁？
（1）考查细节理解。根据Michael Horan所写信中的"many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders"可知, Michael Horan认为骑自行车的人和司机都很危险。但是, 行人可能是更严重的罪犯, 他们对道路安全存在威胁。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Carol Harvey所写的信中的"The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets"可知, Carol Harvey认为骑自行车的人应该使用自行车道去骑车, 而且要戴着头盔。故选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据JML所写的信中的"Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim"可知, JML认为, 骑自行车的人也应该遵守规定。他们应该进行登记。当他们撞到行人或者车辆, 引发车祸的时候, 他们很快就能被查到。故they指的是骑自行车的人。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据标题"Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger.”；以及第一段“ We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers."以及三封信的具体内容可知, 这篇文章主要探讨了谁是道路安全的隐患, 是骑自行车的人, 还是行人？故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会生活类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读理解
When the dog named Judy
spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The
four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being
a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran
along the edge of cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into
the sea.
Her owner Mike Holden
panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six
volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of
finding her alive after a 90-minute search.
Three days later, a
hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his
holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the
thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.
For the next two weeks, the
Holdens were heartbroken. Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the
coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.
A birdwatcher, armed with a
telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the
alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been
knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a
fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep
which had also fallen over the edge. "The dog was very thin and hungry,"
Steve Tregear said, "It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a
plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
It was, as Mr. Holden
admitted, "a minor miracle(奇迹)".
（1）The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was .
A．rescuing her owner B．caught in a hurricane
C．blocked by a rock D．running after a sheep
（2）Who spotted Judy after the accident
A．A birdwatcher B．A student from Leeds
C．Six volunteers D．The coastguard of Cornwall
（3）What can we infer from the text
A．People like to travel with their pets.
B．Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C．Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D．Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Miracle of the Coastguard. B．Surviving a Hurricane.
C．Dangers in the Wild D．Coming Back from the Dead.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。这真是件幸运的事情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The four-yea r-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields…,Then she ran along the edge of a cliff(悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea."可知，一条叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. "可知，事故后是一个观鸟者看见了Judy，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.“它是一条非常幸运的狗。她活下来是因为有充足的水可以喝，可知，在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用，故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了一条狗在追赶一只羊的时候掉到悬崖下面却幸运地死里逃生的故事，所以用Coming Back from the Dead比较合适，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2018高三上·荆州月考）阅读理解
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
（1）What does the author say about silence in conversations
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based.
（2）Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
（3）What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
（4）What may be the best title for the text
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups ” 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients” 可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读理解
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window.
These animals typically live between the surface of
the ocean and a depth of about 3, 300 feet—as
far as most light can reach. Most of them are
extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist
in biology, says, "These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them. "
And they are as clear as
glass. How does an animal become see-through It's trickier than
you might think.
The objects around you are
visible because they interact with light. Light
typically travels in a straight line. But some
materials slow and scatter(散射)light, bouncing it
away from its original path. Others absorb
light, stopping it dead in its tracks.
Both scattering and absorption make an object look
different from other objects around it, so you
can see it easily.
But a transparent object
doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.
That means a transparent object doesn't look very
different from the surrounding air or water. You
don't see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal
needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain
pigments(色素)that absorb specific
colors of light.
But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments,
so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding
absorption is actually easy. The real
challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many
different materials—skin,
fat, and more—and
light moves through each at a different speed. Every
time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent
animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.
Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear
mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread
themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals
have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all
the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water
does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a
non-transparent milky white.
（1）According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A．stay in groups B．can be easily damaged
C．appear only in deep ocean D．are beautiful creatures
（2）The underlined word "dead" in Paragraph 3 means .
A．silently B．gradually C．regularly D．completely
（3）The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A．move more slowly in deep water
B．stay see-through even after death
C．produce more tissues for their survival
D．take effective action to reduce light spreading
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了生活在海洋中透明动物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch”可知,大多数透明动物特别脆弱,轻轻接触都会对它们造成伤害,可以判断出透明动物很容易被伤害。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks.”你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.“可知,体形较大的透明动物有最大的挑战,因为它们必须使身体的所有不同组织像水一样减少光线的传播,其中slowdown对应reduce。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
5．（2020高二上·河南开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there
are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. 　 　Money is a topic I'll save
for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the
most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great
cooking on a tight schedule：
⒈Think
ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry
and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will
you have time to cook Do you have the right materials already 　 　
⒉Make your
time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and
save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread 　 　 It takes around the same amount of time to
make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
⒊　 　This may surprise you, but
one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It
gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with
your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more
ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a
good start. 　 　And don't let a busy
schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and
live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food
better.
E. Cooking is a burden for
many people.
F. Let cooking and living
simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning
ahead can save a lot of work later on.
【答案】B；G；C；A；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在紧张的时间里做好烹饪的三个小技巧。
A. 尝试新事物。
B. 能力很容易提高。
C.换三个或四个。
D.更好地理解你的食物。
E.烹饪是许多人的负担。
F.让烹饪和生活仅仅是一种快乐而不是一种负担。
G.提前一点时间计划可以节省很多以后的工作。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. ”从我的经验来看，人们不经常做饭的主要原因有三个：能力、金钱和时间。由此可推断下文是要就这三方面来说，然后再根据下文对应的金钱和时间，所以空中应该说的是能力，B.Ability is easily improved. “能力很容易提高。"符合语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段的主题，可知本段说的是想在前面，也就是做饭前要做好准备。选项呼应主题且在说明提前花一点时间计划的益处。G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. ”提前花一点时间计划可以节省以后的大量工作。"符合语境，故选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Are you making one loaf of bread 你在做一条面包吗 再根据下文It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. “制作更多的东西需要相同的时间。由此可推断空中要说的是不要一次只做一条面包，既然花相同的时间，就要做更多，所以C.Make three or four instead." 那就做三四个吧。"符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. “这可能会让你吃惊，但让烹饪值得你花费时间的最好工具之一就是实验。由此可知本段主要就是要讲尝试新的菜谱，新的做法，所以A.Try new things. ”尝试新事物“，符合本段主题，适合做小标题，故选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! ”不要让繁忙的日程阻碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出一些伟大的改变!由此可以推断上文是说让烹饪成为快乐的事情，而不是负担。F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.“ 让烹饪和生活成为一种乐趣，而不是一种负担。"符合语境，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
6．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be （1） him. I hated the place. I had never （2） been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was （3） — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). （4） a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were （5） with sand, sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was （6） and coming back home. I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer. I （7） be in prison! My father answered my （8） with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my （9） — two lines that completely changed my life:
Two men looked out from prison bars. One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
I read those two lines （10） . I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present （11） ; I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their （12） amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had （13） to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and （14） for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean （15） .
What brought about this （16） change in me The desert hadn't changed, （17） I had. I had changed my （18） . And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing （19） of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and （20） the stars.
（1）A．off B．behind C．near D．beyond
（2）A．before B．already C．then D．still
（3）A．inflexible B．incomprehensible
C．uncontrollable D．unbearable
（4）A．Only B．No C．Many D．Such
（5）A．covered B．filled C．buried D．charged
（6）A．catching up B．keeping up C．giving up D．getting up
（7）A．ought to B．might well C．would rather D．had better
（8）A．request B．call C．question D．letter
（9）A．comparison B．imagination C．consideration D．memory
（10）A．over and over B．by and by C．up and down D．now and then
（11）A．company B．occupation C．situation D．relationship
（12）A．movement B．reaction C．guidance D．purpose
（13）A．refused B．failed C．managed D．happened
（14）A．asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed
（15）A．floor B．surface C．rock D．level
（16）A．shocking B．challenging C．puzzling D．astonishing
（17）A．as B．but C．for D．or
（18）A．attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard
（19）A．vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure
（20）A．sought B．counted C．found D．reached
【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）D；（10）A；（11）C；（12）B；（13）A；（14）B；（15）A；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给他的信中就两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了自己对人生的态度。
（1）考查副词。句意：为了离丈夫近一些，我搬到那里居住。A. off"远离"；B. behind"在……后面"；C. near"靠近"；D. beyond"超过"。根据上文的"I went to live there"可知，作者去住在丈夫的军营为了靠近丈夫。故选C。
（2）考查副词。句意：我以前从来没有这么不开心过。A. before"以前"；B. already"已经"；C. then"然后"；D. still"仍然"。根据下文"I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone."可知，作者以前从没有感觉这么不开心。故选A。
（3）考查形容词。句意：即使在仙人掌的阴影下，温度也达到125华氏度。A. inflexible“顽固的"；B. incomprehensible"不可思议的"；C. uncontrollable"不舒适的"；D. unbearable"难以忍受的‘。125华氏度相当于大约51摄氏度，可知热是难以忍受的。故选D。
（4）考查形容词。句意：没有人可以说话。A. Only”唯一的，仅有的“；B. No"没有"；C. Many"很多”；D. Such"这样"。根据上文a desert和alone可知，作者很孤单，没有一个人可以交谈。故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：风不停地吹，我吃的食物，我呼吸的空气都充满了沙子。A. covered"覆盖"；B. filled"填满"；C. buried"埋葬"；D. charged"负责，要价"。根据上文a desert可知，作者吃的食物，呼吸的空气都是沙子。故选B。
（6）考查动词短语。句意：我告诉他们我想放弃这里，回家。A. catching up"赶上"；B. keeping up"维持"；C. giving up"放弃"；D. getting up"起床"。根据下文"coming back home"可知，作者写信给父母，告诉他们她要放弃。故选C。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：我宁愿坐牢也不想再在这里多呆一分钟。A. ought to"应该"；B. might well"不妨，最好"；C. would rather"宁愿"；D. had better"最好"。根据上文"I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer"可知，我宁愿在监狱里。故选C。
（8）考查名词。句意：我父亲只用两行字回复了我的信件。A. request"请求"；B. call"电话"；C. question"问题"；D. letter"信"。根据上文"I wrote to my parents"可知，作者的爸爸回复了作者的信。故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：这两行字总是在我记忆里，它完全改变了我的生活。A. comparison"比较"；B. imagination"想象"；C. consideration"考虑"；D. memory"记忆"。由这两句话改变了作者的生活，可知作者经常回想起这两句话，这两句话总是活跃在作者的记忆中。故选D。
（10）考查固定短语。句意：我一遍一遍地读那两行字。A. over and over"一遍又一遍"；B. by and by"不久"；C. up and down"上上下下"；D. now and then"不时"。根据下文"I was ashamed of myself."可知，作者一遍又一遍地读这两行字。故选A。
（11）考查名词。句意：我下定决心在我现在的环境中发现好的东西。A. company"公司，陪伴"；B. occupation"占据，职业"；C. situation"环境"；D. relationship"关系"。此处与上文描述的沙漠中恶劣的环境相呼应，故选C。
（12）考查名词。句意：我和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让我很吃惊。A. movement“运动"；B. reaction"反应"；C. guidance"指导"；D. purpose"目的"。根据下文，他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的，作者和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让作者很惊讶。故选B。
（13）考查动词。句意：他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的。A. refused"拒绝"；B. failed"失败"；C. managed"设法完成"；D. happened"碰巧"。当地人拒绝卖给游客的礼物，才能显示出礼物的珍贵性。故选A。
（14）考查动词短语。句意：我观看沙漠里的日落，寻找贝壳。A. asked for"要求"；B. hunted for"搜寻，寻找"；C. waited for"等待"；D. headed for"去往某地"。根据常识，贝壳是需要寻找的。故选B。
（15）考查名词。句意：我观看沙漠里的日落，寻找几百万年前，沙漠曾是海床时留在那里的贝壳。A. floor"地板"；B. surface"表面"；C. rock"岩石"；D. level"水平"。根据上文"millions of years ago"可知，几百万年前，沙漠曾经是海床，所以才会有贝壳。sea floor“海床”，故选A。
（16）考查形容词。句意：什么造成我这样令人惊讶的改变？A. shocking"令人震惊的"；B. challenging"有挑战的"；C. puzzling"令人困惑的"；D. astonishing"令人惊讶的"。根据上文"two lines that completely changed my life"可知，这里强调作者态度发生改变的原因。故选D。
（17）考查连词。句意：沙漠没有改变，但是我变了。A. as"正如，因为，随着"；B. but"但是"；C. for"因为"；D. or"或者"。前后两句之间是转折关系。故选B。
（18）考查名词。句意：我已经改变了自己的态度。A. attitude"态度"；B. principle"原则"；C. identity"身份"；D. standard"标准"。根据上文可知，作者改变了自己对待生活的态度。故选A。
（19）考查名词。句意：我将不愉快的经历变成最令人惊叹的人生冒险。A. vacation"假期"；B. operation"手术"；C. affair"事务"；D. adventure"冒险"。根据上文作者去看日落，去寻找贝壳，以及下文”I was excited by this new world that I had discovered“我对我发现的新世界很激动,可知，作者开始了新的人生冒险。故选D。
（20）考查动词。句意：我从自我设置的监狱往外看，发现了星星。A. sought"寻找"；B. counted "计数"；C. found"发现"；D. reached"到达"。此空格与父亲回信中的saw相呼应。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
7．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Chengdu has dozens of new
millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists
like me, pandas are its top 　 　(attract).
So it was a great honour to
be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps
pay for research. I 　 　(allow) to get up close to
these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK
ambassador. The title will be 　 　(official) given to me at a
ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 　 　 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　 　 I was the first Western TV reporter 　 　(permit) to film a special
unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial
duties will include 　 　(introduce) British
visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in
the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held
a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 　 　(it) mother. The nursery
team switches him every few 　 　(day) with his sister so
that while one is being bottle-fed, 　 　 other is with mum—she never suspects.
【答案】attraction；was allowed；officially；to；when；permitted；introducing；its；days；the
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子。
（1）考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。故填attraction。
（2）考查时态语态。I 与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。
（3）考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。因此填officially。
（4）考查介词。go back to固定短语，“回到”，“追溯到”，故填to。
（5）考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，定语从句修饰前面的the mid 1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句，因此填when。
（6）考查非谓语动词。reporter与permit是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，此处作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
（7）考查非谓语动词。介词后面用动名词，此处用动名词作include的宾语。故填introducing。
（8）考查代词。指代前面的twin，mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词 its，故填its。
（9）考查名词。“every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”，every few days，每隔几天。few修饰复数名词。故填days。
（10）考查冠词。one …the othe，固定短语，“一个……另一个”。故填the。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，时态语态，副词，介词，定语从句，非谓语动词，代词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
五、短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
8．（2020高二上·河南开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
【答案】①They → There ②didn't → don't ③with → for ④hour → hours ⑤look → looks ⑥flowers前面的the去掉 ⑦buildings → building ⑧sat → sit ⑨listening后加to ⑩helpfully → helpful
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者梦想的学校。
①考查固定句式。句意：上午有三节课，下午有两节课。根据句意可知，此处考查there be句型，意为“有……”，故They改为There。
②考查时态。纵览全文，都是一般现在时，本句并不是表示过去发生的事情，也应该用一般现在时，故didn't 改为don't。
③考查形容词。homework“家庭作业”是不可数名词，应用much修饰，故many改为much。
④考查介词。have time for sth.，固定短语，“有做……的时间”，故with改为for。
⑤考查名词。表示一个半小时，应用one and a half hours, 即hour要用复数，故hour改为hours。
⑥考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是my dream school，是第三人称单数，且本文为一般现在时，所以它的动词应该是三单现形式，故look改为looks。
⑦考查冠词。这里flowers和trees均为泛指，不用冠词，故flowers前面的the去掉。
⑧考查时态。此句话含有一个由连词or连接的并列谓语。前面用的是情态动词+动词原形，故此处也应用动词原形，故sat改为sit。
⑨考查介词。listen为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，加上一个介词to，就可以接宾语了，listen to固定短语，“听……”，故在 listening后加to。
⑩考查形容词。由连词and连接的两个词，其形式应该是一致的。由are kind得知此处也应用形容词作表语，故helpfully改为helpful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，形容词，介词，名词，主谓一致，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达（满分25分）
9．（2020高二上·河南开学考）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。
注意：
1）词数100左右;
2）可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Ms Jenkins,
I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.
In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I'm writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.
Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really thankful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式。写作背景：暑假你想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.运用了并列句；In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company.运用了不定式作目的状语；But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't even know if there are something to pay attention to.运用了固定句式this is the first time that，因果并列句和宾语从句； I will be very grateful if you can help me.运用了条件状语从句。
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河南省顶级名校2020-2021学年高二上学期英语开学测试试卷
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每题2分，满分30分）
1．（2019高三上·佛山月考）阅读理解
Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger
We are having a debate about
this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.
Yes, many cyclists behave
dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are
probably the worse offenders.
People of all ages happily walk
along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware
of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing
a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them
or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.
The real problem is that some
pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that
are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.
——Michael Horan
I loved the letter from Bob
Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they
own the roads.
I was walking across
Altrincharn Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked
what he was doing he shouted at me.
The government built a cycle
lane on the road but it is hardly used.
The police do nothing. What a
laugh they are!
The cyclists should all have to
be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的)jacket
and tights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be
fined for not wearing them.
——Carol Harvey
Cyclists jump on and off
pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements,
and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are
on red.
I was almost knocked down
recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right
next to him.
Other road users, including
horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists
It's about time they had
to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or
cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an
opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the
newspaper.
（1）Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that .
A．drivers should be polite to cyclists
B．road accidents can actually be avoided
C．some pedestrians are a threat to road safety
D．walking while using phones hum one's eyes
（2）Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should .
A．be provided with enough roads
B．be asked to ride on their own lanes
C．be made to pay less tax for cycling
D．be fined for laughing at policemen
（3）The underline word "they" in the third letter refers to .
A．accidents B．vehicles C．pedestrians D．cyclists
（4）The three letters present viewpoints on .
A．real sources of road danger B．ways to improve road facilities
C．measures to punish road offences D．increased awareness of road rules
2．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读理解
When the dog named Judy
spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The
four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being
a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran
along the edge of cliff (悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into
the sea.
Her owner Mike Holden
panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six
volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of
finding her alive after a 90-minute search.
Three days later, a
hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his
holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the
thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.
For the next two weeks, the
Holdens were heartbroken. Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the
coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.
A birdwatcher, armed with a
telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the
alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.
The dog had initially been
knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a
fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep
which had also fallen over the edge. "The dog was very thin and hungry,"
Steve Tregear said, "It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a
plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
It was, as Mr. Holden
admitted, "a minor miracle(奇迹)".
（1）The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was .
A．rescuing her owner B．caught in a hurricane
C．blocked by a rock D．running after a sheep
（2）Who spotted Judy after the accident
A．A birdwatcher B．A student from Leeds
C．Six volunteers D．The coastguard of Cornwall
（3）What can we infer from the text
A．People like to travel with their pets.
B．Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
C．Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
D．Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Miracle of the Coastguard. B．Surviving a Hurricane.
C．Dangers in the Wild D．Coming Back from the Dead.
3．（2018高三上·荆州月考）阅读理解
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
（1）What does the author say about silence in conversations
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based.
（2）Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
（3）What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
（4）What may be the best title for the text
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
4．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读理解
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window.
These animals typically live between the surface of
the ocean and a depth of about 3, 300 feet—as
far as most light can reach. Most of them are
extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist
in biology, says, "These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them. "
And they are as clear as
glass. How does an animal become see-through It's trickier than
you might think.
The objects around you are
visible because they interact with light. Light
typically travels in a straight line. But some
materials slow and scatter(散射)light, bouncing it
away from its original path. Others absorb
light, stopping it dead in its tracks.
Both scattering and absorption make an object look
different from other objects around it, so you
can see it easily.
But a transparent object
doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.
That means a transparent object doesn't look very
different from the surrounding air or water. You
don't see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal
needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain
pigments(色素)that absorb specific
colors of light.
But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments,
so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding
absorption is actually easy. The real
challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many
different materials—skin,
fat, and more—and
light moves through each at a different speed. Every
time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent
animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.
Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear
mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread
themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals
have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all
the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water
does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a
non-transparent milky white.
（1）According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A．stay in groups B．can be easily damaged
C．appear only in deep ocean D．are beautiful creatures
（2）The underlined word "dead" in Paragraph 3 means .
A．silently B．gradually C．regularly D．completely
（3）The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A．move more slowly in deep water
B．stay see-through even after death
C．produce more tissues for their survival
D．take effective action to reduce light spreading
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
5．（2020高二上·河南开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there
are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. 　 　Money is a topic I'll save
for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the
most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great
cooking on a tight schedule：
⒈Think
ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry
and there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will
you have time to cook Do you have the right materials already 　 　
⒉Make your
time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and
save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread 　 　 It takes around the same amount of time to
make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.
⒊　 　This may surprise you, but
one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It
gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with
your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more
ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a
good start. 　 　And don't let a busy
schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and
live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food
better.
E. Cooking is a burden for
many people.
F. Let cooking and living
simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning
ahead can save a lot of work later on.
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
6．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be （1） him. I hated the place. I had never （2） been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was （3） — almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). （4） a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were （5） with sand, sand, sand!
I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was （6） and coming back home. I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer. I （7） be in prison! My father answered my （8） with just two lines — two lines that will always sing in my （9） — two lines that completely changed my life:
Two men looked out from prison bars. One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.
I read those two lines （10） . I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present （11） ; I would look for the stars.
I made friends with the natives, and their （12） amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had （13） to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and （14） for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean （15） .
What brought about this （16） change in me The desert hadn't changed, （17） I had. I had changed my （18） . And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing （19） of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and （20） the stars.
（1）A．off B．behind C．near D．beyond
（2）A．before B．already C．then D．still
（3）A．inflexible B．incomprehensible
C．uncontrollable D．unbearable
（4）A．Only B．No C．Many D．Such
（5）A．covered B．filled C．buried D．charged
（6）A．catching up B．keeping up C．giving up D．getting up
（7）A．ought to B．might well C．would rather D．had better
（8）A．request B．call C．question D．letter
（9）A．comparison B．imagination C．consideration D．memory
（10）A．over and over B．by and by C．up and down D．now and then
（11）A．company B．occupation C．situation D．relationship
（12）A．movement B．reaction C．guidance D．purpose
（13）A．refused B．failed C．managed D．happened
（14）A．asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed
（15）A．floor B．surface C．rock D．level
（16）A．shocking B．challenging C．puzzling D．astonishing
（17）A．as B．but C．for D．or
（18）A．attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard
（19）A．vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure
（20）A．sought B．counted C．found D．reached
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
7．（2020高二上·河南开学考）阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Chengdu has dozens of new
millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists
like me, pandas are its top 　 　(attract).
So it was a great honour to
be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps
pay for research. I 　 　(allow) to get up close to
these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK
ambassador. The title will be 　 　(official) given to me at a
ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 　 　 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 　 　 I was the first Western TV reporter 　 　(permit) to film a special
unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial
duties will include 　 　(introduce) British
visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in
the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held
a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 　 　(it) mother. The nursery
team switches him every few 　 　(day) with his sister so
that while one is being bottle-fed, 　 　 other is with mum—she never suspects.
五、短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
8．（2020高二上·河南开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
9．（2020高二上·河南开学考）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。
注意：
1）词数100左右;
2）可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三封信来探讨一个问题：谁才是马路安全的威胁？
（1）考查细节理解。根据Michael Horan所写信中的"many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders"可知, Michael Horan认为骑自行车的人和司机都很危险。但是, 行人可能是更严重的罪犯, 他们对道路安全存在威胁。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Carol Harvey所写的信中的"The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets"可知, Carol Harvey认为骑自行车的人应该使用自行车道去骑车, 而且要戴着头盔。故选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据JML所写的信中的"Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim"可知, JML认为, 骑自行车的人也应该遵守规定。他们应该进行登记。当他们撞到行人或者车辆, 引发车祸的时候, 他们很快就能被查到。故they指的是骑自行车的人。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据标题"Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger.”；以及第一段“ We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers."以及三封信的具体内容可知, 这篇文章主要探讨了谁是道路安全的隐患, 是骑自行车的人, 还是行人？故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会生活类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文；标题选择题
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。这真是件幸运的事情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The four-yea r-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields…,Then she ran along the edge of a cliff(悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea."可知，一条叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. "可知，事故后是一个观鸟者看见了Judy，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”It was a very lucky dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water.“它是一条非常幸运的狗。她活下来是因为有充足的水可以喝，可知，在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用，故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了一条狗在追赶一只羊的时候掉到悬崖下面却幸运地死里逃生的故事，所以用Coming Back from the Dead比较合适，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups ” 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients” 可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了生活在海洋中透明动物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch”可知,大多数透明动物特别脆弱,轻轻接触都会对它们造成伤害,可以判断出透明动物很容易被伤害。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks.”你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.“可知,体形较大的透明动物有最大的挑战,因为它们必须使身体的所有不同组织像水一样减少光线的传播,其中slowdown对应reduce。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．【答案】B；G；C；A；F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在紧张的时间里做好烹饪的三个小技巧。
A. 尝试新事物。
B. 能力很容易提高。
C.换三个或四个。
D.更好地理解你的食物。
E.烹饪是许多人的负担。
F.让烹饪和生活仅仅是一种快乐而不是一种负担。
G.提前一点时间计划可以节省很多以后的工作。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. ”从我的经验来看，人们不经常做饭的主要原因有三个：能力、金钱和时间。由此可推断下文是要就这三方面来说，然后再根据下文对应的金钱和时间，所以空中应该说的是能力，B.Ability is easily improved. “能力很容易提高。"符合语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段的主题，可知本段说的是想在前面，也就是做饭前要做好准备。选项呼应主题且在说明提前花一点时间计划的益处。G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. ”提前花一点时间计划可以节省以后的大量工作。"符合语境，故选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Are you making one loaf of bread 你在做一条面包吗 再根据下文It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. “制作更多的东西需要相同的时间。由此可推断空中要说的是不要一次只做一条面包，既然花相同的时间，就要做更多，所以C.Make three or four instead." 那就做三四个吧。"符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. “这可能会让你吃惊，但让烹饪值得你花费时间的最好工具之一就是实验。由此可知本段主要就是要讲尝试新的菜谱，新的做法，所以A.Try new things. ”尝试新事物“，符合本段主题，适合做小标题，故选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! ”不要让繁忙的日程阻碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出一些伟大的改变!由此可以推断上文是说让烹饪成为快乐的事情，而不是负担。F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.“ 让烹饪和生活成为一种乐趣，而不是一种负担。"符合语境，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）D；（10）A；（11）C；（12）B；（13）A；（14）B；（15）A；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和艰苦的生活条件让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给他的信中就两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了自己对人生的态度。
（1）考查副词。句意：为了离丈夫近一些，我搬到那里居住。A. off"远离"；B. behind"在……后面"；C. near"靠近"；D. beyond"超过"。根据上文的"I went to live there"可知，作者去住在丈夫的军营为了靠近丈夫。故选C。
（2）考查副词。句意：我以前从来没有这么不开心过。A. before"以前"；B. already"已经"；C. then"然后"；D. still"仍然"。根据下文"I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone."可知，作者以前从没有感觉这么不开心。故选A。
（3）考查形容词。句意：即使在仙人掌的阴影下，温度也达到125华氏度。A. inflexible“顽固的"；B. incomprehensible"不可思议的"；C. uncontrollable"不舒适的"；D. unbearable"难以忍受的‘。125华氏度相当于大约51摄氏度，可知热是难以忍受的。故选D。
（4）考查形容词。句意：没有人可以说话。A. Only”唯一的，仅有的“；B. No"没有"；C. Many"很多”；D. Such"这样"。根据上文a desert和alone可知，作者很孤单，没有一个人可以交谈。故选B。
（5）考查动词。句意：风不停地吹，我吃的食物，我呼吸的空气都充满了沙子。A. covered"覆盖"；B. filled"填满"；C. buried"埋葬"；D. charged"负责，要价"。根据上文a desert可知，作者吃的食物，呼吸的空气都是沙子。故选B。
（6）考查动词短语。句意：我告诉他们我想放弃这里，回家。A. catching up"赶上"；B. keeping up"维持"；C. giving up"放弃"；D. getting up"起床"。根据下文"coming back home"可知，作者写信给父母，告诉他们她要放弃。故选C。
（7）考查固定短语。句意：我宁愿坐牢也不想再在这里多呆一分钟。A. ought to"应该"；B. might well"不妨，最好"；C. would rather"宁愿"；D. had better"最好"。根据上文"I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer"可知，我宁愿在监狱里。故选C。
（8）考查名词。句意：我父亲只用两行字回复了我的信件。A. request"请求"；B. call"电话"；C. question"问题"；D. letter"信"。根据上文"I wrote to my parents"可知，作者的爸爸回复了作者的信。故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：这两行字总是在我记忆里，它完全改变了我的生活。A. comparison"比较"；B. imagination"想象"；C. consideration"考虑"；D. memory"记忆"。由这两句话改变了作者的生活，可知作者经常回想起这两句话，这两句话总是活跃在作者的记忆中。故选D。
（10）考查固定短语。句意：我一遍一遍地读那两行字。A. over and over"一遍又一遍"；B. by and by"不久"；C. up and down"上上下下"；D. now and then"不时"。根据下文"I was ashamed of myself."可知，作者一遍又一遍地读这两行字。故选A。
（11）考查名词。句意：我下定决心在我现在的环境中发现好的东西。A. company"公司，陪伴"；B. occupation"占据，职业"；C. situation"环境"；D. relationship"关系"。此处与上文描述的沙漠中恶劣的环境相呼应，故选C。
（12）考查名词。句意：我和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让我很吃惊。A. movement“运动"；B. reaction"反应"；C. guidance"指导"；D. purpose"目的"。根据下文，他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的，作者和当地人交朋友，他们的反应让作者很惊讶。故选B。
（13）考查动词。句意：他们给我最喜欢的艺术作品的礼物，这些作品是他们拒绝卖给游客的。A. refused"拒绝"；B. failed"失败"；C. managed"设法完成"；D. happened"碰巧"。当地人拒绝卖给游客的礼物，才能显示出礼物的珍贵性。故选A。
（14）考查动词短语。句意：我观看沙漠里的日落，寻找贝壳。A. asked for"要求"；B. hunted for"搜寻，寻找"；C. waited for"等待"；D. headed for"去往某地"。根据常识，贝壳是需要寻找的。故选B。
（15）考查名词。句意：我观看沙漠里的日落，寻找几百万年前，沙漠曾是海床时留在那里的贝壳。A. floor"地板"；B. surface"表面"；C. rock"岩石"；D. level"水平"。根据上文"millions of years ago"可知，几百万年前，沙漠曾经是海床，所以才会有贝壳。sea floor“海床”，故选A。
（16）考查形容词。句意：什么造成我这样令人惊讶的改变？A. shocking"令人震惊的"；B. challenging"有挑战的"；C. puzzling"令人困惑的"；D. astonishing"令人惊讶的"。根据上文"two lines that completely changed my life"可知，这里强调作者态度发生改变的原因。故选D。
（17）考查连词。句意：沙漠没有改变，但是我变了。A. as"正如，因为，随着"；B. but"但是"；C. for"因为"；D. or"或者"。前后两句之间是转折关系。故选B。
（18）考查名词。句意：我已经改变了自己的态度。A. attitude"态度"；B. principle"原则"；C. identity"身份"；D. standard"标准"。根据上文可知，作者改变了自己对待生活的态度。故选A。
（19）考查名词。句意：我将不愉快的经历变成最令人惊叹的人生冒险。A. vacation"假期"；B. operation"手术"；C. affair"事务"；D. adventure"冒险"。根据上文作者去看日落，去寻找贝壳，以及下文”I was excited by this new world that I had discovered“我对我发现的新世界很激动,可知，作者开始了新的人生冒险。故选D。
（20）考查动词。句意：我从自我设置的监狱往外看，发现了星星。A. sought"寻找"；B. counted "计数"；C. found"发现"；D. reached"到达"。此空格与父亲回信中的saw相呼应。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．【答案】attraction；was allowed；officially；to；when；permitted；introducing；its；days；the
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子。
（1）考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。故填attraction。
（2）考查时态语态。I 与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。
（3）考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式，空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。因此填officially。
（4）考查介词。go back to固定短语，“回到”，“追溯到”，故填to。
（5）考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，定语从句修饰前面的the mid 1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句，因此填when。
（6）考查非谓语动词。reporter与permit是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动，此处作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
（7）考查非谓语动词。介词后面用动名词，此处用动名词作include的宾语。故填introducing。
（8）考查代词。指代前面的twin，mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词 its，故填its。
（9）考查名词。“every few＋复数名词”意思是“每隔……”，every few days，每隔几天。few修饰复数名词。故填days。
（10）考查冠词。one …the othe，固定短语，“一个……另一个”。故填the。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，时态语态，副词，介词，定语从句，非谓语动词，代词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
8．【答案】①They → There ②didn't → don't ③with → for ④hour → hours ⑤look → looks ⑥flowers前面的the去掉 ⑦buildings → building ⑧sat → sit ⑨listening后加to ⑩helpfully → helpful
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者梦想的学校。
①考查固定句式。句意：上午有三节课，下午有两节课。根据句意可知，此处考查there be句型，意为“有……”，故They改为There。
②考查时态。纵览全文，都是一般现在时，本句并不是表示过去发生的事情，也应该用一般现在时，故didn't 改为don't。
③考查形容词。homework“家庭作业”是不可数名词，应用much修饰，故many改为much。
④考查介词。have time for sth.，固定短语，“有做……的时间”，故with改为for。
⑤考查名词。表示一个半小时，应用one and a half hours, 即hour要用复数，故hour改为hours。
⑥考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是my dream school，是第三人称单数，且本文为一般现在时，所以它的动词应该是三单现形式，故look改为looks。
⑦考查冠词。这里flowers和trees均为泛指，不用冠词，故flowers前面的the去掉。
⑧考查时态。此句话含有一个由连词or连接的并列谓语。前面用的是情态动词+动词原形，故此处也应用动词原形，故sat改为sit。
⑨考查介词。listen为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，加上一个介词to，就可以接宾语了，listen to固定短语，“听……”，故在 listening后加to。
⑩考查形容词。由连词and连接的两个词，其形式应该是一致的。由are kind得知此处也应用形容词作表语，故helpfully改为helpful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，形容词，介词，名词，主谓一致，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
9．【答案】Dear Ms Jenkins,
I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.
In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I'm writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.
Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really thankful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式。写作背景：暑假你想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.运用了并列句；In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company.运用了不定式作目的状语；But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don't even know if there are something to pay attention to.运用了固定句式this is the first time that，因果并列句和宾语从句； I will be very grateful if you can help me.运用了条件状语从句。
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