中考英语语法复习——主谓一致

(共26张PPT)
教学目标：
1.掌握主谓一致的基本原则。
2.能完成主谓一致的相应练习题。
做主谓一致题的三原则：
一、语法一致原则
二、意义一致原则
三、邻近原则
语法一致：
语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓 语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。
1.Something ______(be ) wrong with your watch.
2.Swimming in the Changjiang River ________(need ) great courage.
3.To say something_____(be ) one thing, to do it______(be) another.
4.Every boy and every girl________ (wish ) to attend the evening party.
5.What I need ______ a good book.(be)
6.Neither of the answers ______ right.(be)
·译林牛津版
1.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
2.不定代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.
语法一致
1.The teacher with his students _________(have) a meeting now.
2.He as well as I ______(be ) a football fan.
3.Nobody but Tom and Kate ______(be ) there yesterday
4.Mr Green together with his children______(go) to the park every day.
语法一致原则
一个名词后面有as well as, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, 等起连接作用的词语带其它名词, 谓语动词和第一个名词一致。
1.The number of the students in our class ______ 50.（be)
2.A number of players ______ from Japan.(come)
3.The shoes ____(look) very beautiful.
4.A pair of shoes ______(belong) to me.
语法一致原则
1．“a number of …”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of…”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2.名词shoes，classes，clothes，trousers等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。但是，如果这些名词被a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词需用单数。
意义一致：
从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；
反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用
单数。
1.His family ______(be) not large. 2.The class ___________(have) a
meeting now. 3.The police __________(look) for a thief.
4.The rich _______(have) much money.
5.The poor _____(live) a hard life.
·译林牛津版
1.“the＋形容词”表示一类人(the poor，the rich，the old，the young等)用作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
2. family，class，team，group等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数。如：
意义一致：
1.Three fourths of the earth __________ (cover) with water.
2.Not all work difficult, not all the students
here. (be)
3.Most of the water ____(be) from Qingdao.
4.Half of the work _____(finish) already.
5.The rest of the students _____(clean) the classroom every day.
意义一致原则
all，some，none，most，any，the rest，half，分数或百分数等代词作主语时，若指复数概念，谓语动词用复数；若指单数概念，则谓语动词用单数。如：
7.The writer and the teacher (be)coming.
8.His parents young, but mine old.(be)
9.Neither of us a boy (be).
10.Not all work difficult, not all the students
here. (be)
11.What ____the population of your town (be)
are
are
are
are
is
is
is
Twenty years __________ since he left his hometown.（pass)
Ten dollars ______ enough. (be)
Maths ______ very hard.(be)
·译林牛津版
意义一致原则(即主、谓语在意义上保持一致关系。)
1．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
2．以s结尾的名词(news，maths，physics)本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。
给句子填上is/am/are
1.There _____some milk and some bottles on the table.
2.Neither Jim nor Mary ______ right.
3.Either you or I_______going to work there.
4.Not only the students but also their teacher ____happy.
5.There ______some sheep and a child over there.
is
is
am
is
are
·译林牛津版
就近一致原则(即谓语的单、复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单、复数形式。)
1．there be句型(当主语是系列事物时，谓语与邻近的主语保持一致。)
2．由either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词跟邻近的主语保持一致。如：
1.句子倒装看其 ，主语后的介词 。
2.单数名词作主语，谓语用 数，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用 数。
3..动词不定式，动名词，从句作主语用 数，定语从句的谓语动词取决于 。
4. 主语为“the number of +复数名词”时，谓语用 数，主语为“a number of +复数名词”时，谓语用 数.
5.each(each…and each…,),every(every…and every…或 some-,any-,every-，no构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用 数。
6.either,neither作主语，谓语动词常用 数。
复
后
语法一致
先行词
复
单
单
单
单
单
丢一边
1.由and连接两个成分，若是指同一概念，谓语用 数.
2.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语取决于该 所表示的意义。
3.时间、距离、金钱再多也是 数。
4.None of +复数名词作主语，谓语 。
5. all, some, most, any, the rest, 分数或百分数等作主语时，谓语依照后面 而确定。
6.Population作主语，谓语用 数。
单
名词
可单可复
名词的数
单
单
意义一致
Practice makes perfect
1
2
主谓一致
意义一致
就近原则
语法一致