中考满分——第13讲 八年级(下)Units 5—6

第13讲 八年级(下)Units 5—6
要点梳理
【词汇拓展】
1．collect(v．)收集；搜集→collector(n．)收藏者→collection(n．)收藏品；收藏物
2．European(adj．)欧洲的；欧洲人的→Europe(n．)欧洲
3．Russian(adj．)俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的；俄语的→Russia(n．)俄罗斯
4．Australian(adj．)澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的→Australia(n．)澳大利亚
5．organize(v．)组织-→organization(n．)组织
6．foreigner(n．)外国人→foreign(adj．)外国的
7．certain(adj．)确实的；无疑的→certainly(adv．)当 然=of course
【重点短语】
1．have a great time玩得开心 2．1et sb．in让某人进来 3．take away拿走
4．travel around the world周游世界 5．go to college上大学
6．get an education接受教育 7．make a living(by)doing sth． (通过)做某事谋生
8．all the time一直 9．get injured受伤
10．have a difficult time doing sth． 做某事很困难
11．collect stamps集邮 12．a pair of一双；一对
13．raise money for charity为慈善筹款
14．the first one to do sth． 第一个做某事的人
15．the whole five hours 整整五个小时
1 6．three and a half years = three years and a half三年半
17．run out of=use up用光；耗尽 18．on my seventh birthday在我七岁生日那天
19．by the way顺便说一下 20．be interested in… 对……感兴趣
21．the capital of… ……的首都 22．in Russian style俄罗斯风格
23．be welcomed by… 受到……的欢迎
【重点句型】
1．If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time．如果你去参加聚会，你会玩得很开心。
2．－What will happen if they have the party today?如果他们今天举行聚会，将会发生什么事?
－If they have it today，half the class won’t come．如果他们今天举行的话，一半同学将不会来。
3．－How long have you been skating?你滑冰已经滑了多久了?
－I have been skating for five hours．我已经滑了五个小时了。
4．It’s+adj．+ for sb．to do sth．对某人来说，做某事是……的。
5．The+比较级…，the+比较级…越……，越……
考点精讲
【重点单词短语】
if conj．如果……的话
if
中文
如果
是否
时态
在表示将来可能出现的情况时if从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，if后面不能出现一般将来时，主句用一般将来时，即所谓的“主将从现”(主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时)。
根据句子意思确定相应的时态，if后面可用一般将来时。
位置
放在句首，主句之前，与主语之间用逗号隔开；放在主句后面，if前面不必用逗号。
不放在句首，只放在动词等后面。
(1)if可引导状语从句，意为“如果……，假使……”。
①就现在、过去、未来可能实现之事加以推测。如：
If you are tired，we will go straight home．如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
②用于虚拟语气中。如：
If I were you，I would help him．如果我是你，我会帮助他。
(2)if可引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，基本等同于whether。如：
I wonder if he is in the school．我不知道他是否在学校。
活学活用
(2011·阜康) －Can you guess if they speaking English with us? －I think they will do if they free．
A．will practice；are B．will practice；will be
C．practicing；being D．practice；are
解析：本题中上一句是宾语从句，if意为“是否”，根据句意，后面应跟一般将来时态。而下一句中的if意为“如果”，用来引导条件状语从句，应该用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。
答案：A
【重点句型】
1．现在完成进行时
(1)现在完成进行时的含义：表示过去某一时间开始到现在经常重复的动作。
(2)现在完成进行时的构成：助动词have／has been+动词ing形式。当主语为第三人称单数时，助动词用has，其他人称用have。
(3)现在完成进行时的用法：主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。
活学活用
(2011·内江) － How long has Sam been skating? －He for five hours．
A．have been skating B．has been skating
C．was skating D．has been skated
解析：本题前一句用现在完成进行时问“Sam到现在已经滑冰了多长时间”，那么回答时也应该用同样的时态来回答，而主语he为第三人称单数，助动词应该用has。
答案：B
2．the+形容词或副词的比较级…，the+形容词或副词的比较级…这一句型意为“越……，越……”。
活学活用
(2011·广元)For a foreigner like me，the more I learn about Chinese history，
I enjoy livingin China．
A．the better B．the more C．the best
解析：本题考查形容词／副词比较级的用法。句意“对于像我这样的外国人来说。我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。”由句意可知，这是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
答案：B
【巧辨异同】
1．Run out与run out of
(1)run out“用完了”，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱，不用于被动语态。
(2)run out of“用完了”，表示主动含义，主语一般为人，多用于进行时和完成时。
活学活用
(2011·十堰) － All the oil in the world will have some day． －Yeah．What shall we use for power at that time?
A．given away B．put away C．run Out D．set out
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。9ive away泄露；put away收起；run out被用尽；set out起程。句意：一将来的某个时候，世界上所有的石油都将被用尽。一那时我们用什么作能源?
答案：C
2．for与since
(1)for的用法：
①在回答“How long…?”的问句时，for表示所指时间或距离的全部，在这个含义上与表示“特定期间中某个长度”的during不同。②可以用在过去时、现在时、将来时中，但是若表示持续进行到现在为止时，则不能用现在时，而要用现在完成时。如：
I have known him for years．我认识他很多年了。
③表示某事物在所述时间要发生。如：The next meeting was arranged for the fifthof June．下次会议定为6月5日举行。
(2)since的用法：
①作连词，意为“自……以后；自从”。后接从句表示以过去的某个时间为起点，持续到现在或过去的某个时候。since之后可以接过去时的句子，也可以接表示过去的时间点。如： I have been at his bedside since he became ill．自从他生病以来我一直在他床边陪伴着他。
②作介词，意为“自……来，从……(至今)”。如： I have been in this business since l980．自从1980年以来，我一直经营这个生意。
适时点津
(1)since除了可以与现在完成时连用外，还可以与过去完成时、现在完成进行时连用。
(2)since，for都可以与完成时态连用。since用来说明动作的起始时间，而for用来说明动作延续时间，因此，since后跟表示某一时间点的名词短语，for后面跟表示一段时间的名词短语。
活学活用
(2011·抚顺)I have been on the school basketball team 2010．
A．in B．for C．since D．during
解析：本句时态为现在完成时，后接表示一段时间的短语，可用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”，空格之后的2010年属于一个时间起点，故选since。
答案：C
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·青岛) －How is your English study? －Not bad．But I learning English grammar．
A．am interested in B．am good at
C．have a little trouble D．have no trouble
解析：have trouble．doing sth．意为“做某事遇到了困难”；答语说“还不错。但是……”，由But这个转折词可以看出说话人在语法学习上遇到了一定的麻烦。
答案：C
真题2 (2011·潍坊)If Tom the game，we’ll give him a surprise．
A．win B．wins C．won D．winning
解析：本题考查if引导的条件状语从句，应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时，而主语Tom是第三人称单数，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数。
答案：B
真题3 (2011．邵阳)Dear students，please read every sentence carefully．The more
you are，the mistakes you’ll make．
A．carefully；fewer B．careful；less C．careful；fewer
解析：本题考查形容词比较级的用法。前半句有系动词are，可知缺少形容词，故排除选项A；mistakes为可数名词，用fewer来修饰。
答案：C
真题4 (2011·苏州)Good to see you again．It’s almost three years we met last time．
A．until B．before C．while D．since
解析：根据句意：“很高兴又见到你。自从我们上一次碰面已经有将近三年了。”故选D。
答案：D
真题5 (2011·湘西)Don’t talk loudly atthe meeting．If you ，you will have to leave．
A．do B．are C．did
解析：本题考查状语从句的时态。当主句为将来时态时，if引导的状语从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时，而这里需要助动词，不是系动词。
答案：A
名师预测
请根据短文内容，从下列五个选项中选择适当的句子还原到短文中，使短文完整与正确。
A．More people retire at an earlier age than before．
B．Hobbies can also help a patient to keep healthy．
C．The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood．
D．They also go to concerts，climb mountains，go fishing，skate and swim．
E．Anyone，old or young，sick or well，rich or poor，can follow a good hobby，in spite of his age，health or money．
A hobby can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time．Hobbyists raise pets，watch birds，paint pictures，play the piano and grow flowers．(1) They collect everything from books to butterflies and from boxes to stamps．
People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment，friendship and relaxation．Hobbies help people relax after a long time of hard work，and provide a balance(平衡)between work and play． Hobbies offer interesting activities for the old．Some hobbies can make a child grow as a person，develop his interest and help him learn new skills．(2)
Doctors have found that hobbies are useful in helping patients(病人)recover(恢复)from illness．Hobbies give patients who can’t move around something to do，and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves．Many hospitals treat(治疗)patients by having them take up interesting hobbies．(3)
In early times，most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies．But some persons who had spare time did enjoy hobbies．(4) People today have more time than ever before for hobbies．Machines have now reduced much time that
people must spend on their jobs．
(5) Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their newly-found free time hours．
Sir William osier，a famous Canadian doctor anpressed the value(价值)of hobbies by sayin9，“No man is really happy or safe without a hobby．”
同步训练l3八年级(下)Units 5—6
[基础检测]
一、单项选择
( )1．My skates are out of style．I’d like to buy a new ．
A．one B．piece C．skate D．pair
( )2．I have been studying English five years ago．
A．for B．until C．before D．since
( )3．(2011·济南) children there are in a family，their life will be．
A．The less；the better B．The fewer；the better
C．Fewer；richer D．More；poorer
( )4．Don’t play toys in class．If you do，the teacher will ．
A．take them off B．take off them
C．take them away D．take away them
( )5．Lucy is ill．She has been away from school for
A．one day and half B．one and a half days
C．one and half a day D．a half and one days
( )6．(2011·安顺)—David，how old is your father this year? — ．And we just had a special party for his birthday last weekend．
A．Fortieth；forty B．Forty；forty
C．Forty；fortieth D．Fortieth；fortieth
( )7．(2011·合肥)If you want to go to see the movie this evening，so I．
A．do B．am C．Will D．should
( )8．(2011·青岛) —I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday．
— someone else brings the same present?
A．If’ B．What C．What if D．How about
( )9．(2011·长春)I am sure l will do it well you give me this chance．
A．if B．before C．until D．though
( )10．(201 1·益阳)I don’t know if she to my birthday party tomorrow． If she ，I’ll be very happy．
A．comes；comes
B．will come；comes
C．comes；will come
二、语篇填空(2011·广安)
根据短文内容和首字母提示，把所缺单词填写在短
文后面相应的横线上，使句意完整。
It’s very important for us to keep(1)h in our everyday life．Here is some(2)a
for you。First，you should have healthy diet．Different food helps us in different(3)w ．You should eat more fruit and vegetables instead(4)0
hamburgers，Beijing roast duck and so on．If you choose the right food，you can have healthy eating habits．Second，doing exercise is good(5)f your health．For exampie，climbing mountains，riding bikes or swimming．Third。you should(6)s at least eight hours a day and you shouldn’t work or study too hard．Finally，remember that(7)s is bad for your health，so don’t smoke，you will become(8) m healthier．
三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．Are those buildings in(Russia)style?
2．We are all (interest)in the interesting books．
3．Learning Chinese is very popular in (west)countries．
4．What (happen)if you don’t finish your homework on time?
5．What is Michael going to (organize)at school?
6．If you don’t show your ticket，I won’t (let)you go into the cinema．
7．Peter got a snow globe on his (twelve) birthday．
8．David and his parents all enjoy (1ive)in China．
9．My mother waters (flower)e very morning after she gets up．
10．David，I can’t send these letters without any (stamp)．
四、选择方框中单词的适当形式填空，完成短文
by，send，friend，fact，join，interest，collect，since，than，picture
Dear Joe，
How is everything going?I miss you very much．Thank you for(1) me the English stamps．How beautiful they are!I like them and I like collecting stamps very much．In(2) ，I have been doing this(3) I was eight years old．Now I have more(4) 5，000 stamps from different countries．
In my opinion，collecting s'tamps is fun and(5)
When you collect stamps，you will see many(6) of men and women，birds and animals on them．You will know a lot about the world．Last year I (7) a stamp(8)
club in my city．It has over l00 members and we are all stamp collectors．We meet every month and talk about our collections．I have made many(9) there．
(10) the way，what’s your hobby?What can I do for you?
Yours，
Li Ming
五、句子翻译
1．请不要把车停在商店前面!(in front of)

2．昨天这个时候，这个年轻人正在等他的朋友。(wait for)

3．我什么也不买了，因为我的钱用完了。(run out of)

4．如果我不完成作业，我的老师会生我的气的。(if)

5．中国是一个历史悠久的国家。(with)

[能力提升]
一、完形填空(2011·南通)
When l was young。my father told me tl lat little acts of kindness may give one great happiness．Since then I have always tried to help people in l ．
One hot summer afternoon。I was 2 down the highway to New York when another car suddenly 3 into my lane(车道)．My car was in the far right lane，so it ran onto the roadside．As a(n) 4 driver，I moved my car quickly and skillfully back onto the highway without causing any accident．
I was 5 with that driver，but I thought that he just did not pay attention to the lane change，and he 6 did not do that on purpose(故意)．
The car ran away 7 after cutting me off．Very soon it disappeared from sight．
After a while，I came around a curve(弯道)and found the 8 car．The driver was walking along the roadside．He was an elderly man and looked 9 ．With no telephone nearby and the nearest services twenty miles away，I decided to 10 and see what th problem was．
The man’s car had a flat tire(瘪胎)．Although he had a spare tire。he had nothing to work with．I decided to 11 him．I changed the tire for him and allowed him to sit in my air-conditioned car while I did it．Fifteen minutes later，I l2 the work．I was hot and tired，but I really felt l 3 after an act of kindness to the man who had earlier l 4 my car run off the road．
You can really enjoy great l 5 from kindness acts，so always lend your hands to others in trouble．
( )1．A．need B．school C．danger D．summer
( )2．A．walking B．riding C．running D．driving
( )3．A．fell B．floated C．came D．climbed
( )4．A．active B．experienced C．frightened D．energetic
( )5．A．unhappy B．satisfied C．familiar D．friendly
( )6．A．even B．certainly C．almost D．simply
( )7．A．quickly B．quietly C．politely D．carefully
( )8．A．new B．red C．same D．other
( )9．A．excited B．relaxed C．surprised D．worried
( )10．A．stay B．research C．stop D．hide
( )11．A．punish B．train C．help D．encourage
( )12．A．began B．finished C．took D．continued
( )13．A．good B．sorry C．angry D．shy
( )14．A．noticed B．made C．watched D．heard
( )15．A．friendship B．success C．excitement D．happiness
二、阅读理解
In order to safeguard(保证)the education of all Hope Chinese School(HCS)students and the normal running of the school，the following rules should be followed：
★Be quiet in classrooms and hallways．Do not run or shout in classrooms or hallways．
★Do not drink or eat in classrooms or hallways．
★Stay in the school during school time as well as rest time．Do not leave the school or play out of the school area during school time．This includes rest time．
★Do not scribble on any desks or walls．
★Be respectful(尊敬)to teachers and parents．
★Help teachers and other students to keep the classroom clean．Do not move desks，chairs，and other furniture in the classroom without the teacher’s instructions．
( )1．Students in HCS can in classrooms．
A．run B．read C．shout D．eat
( )2．Students can’t during the time between classes at HCS．
A．play B．1eave school C．speak D．stay in classrooms
( )3．The underlined word“scribble”means“ ”in Chinese．
A．肆意摇晃 B．随意拿走 C．乱写乱画 D．胡乱搬动
( )4．Which of the following is NOT menticmed in the passage?
A．Looking after school furniture．
B．Keeping the classrooms clean．
C．Respecting teachers．
D．Doing homework．
( )5．The best"title for this passage is“ ”．
A．Hope Chinese School
B．How to Keep the School Clean
C．The Rules of HCS
D．How to Get on with Teachers
三、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后l～5小题
中句子的空白处填上适当的词语或句子。
We know that many animals do not stay in one place．Birds，fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time．They move for different reasons：most of them move to find food more easily，but others move to get away from places that are too crowded．
When cold weather comes，many birds move to warmer places to find food．Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed．The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish，which is called“salmon”(鲑鱼)．This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water．There it spends its life．When it is old．it returns to its birthplace in fresh water．Then it gives birth and dies．In northern Europe，there is a kind of mouse．They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded．They move down to the low land．Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside，and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea．
Recently，scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾)．Every year，when the season of the bad weather arrives，the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean．Nobody knows why they do this，and nobody knows where they go．so，sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another place，but at other times we don’t．Maybe living things just like to travel．
1．The reason for most of the animals to move is
2．Find the word in the passage which means“the movement from one place to another of a large group of animals’’and write it down here：
3．The underlined word“There”in the second paragraph refers to(指的是)
4．The salmon comes back to its birthplace in order to
5．The lobsters begin to move to another place when
四、句子翻译
1．他性格外向，喜欢交朋友。(1ike doing sth．)

2．每天放学后，我们可以散散步来放松自己。(take a walk)

3．日本大地震后，世界各地的人们给予了很大帮助。(help a lot)

4．由于“世园会”的举办，西安今年会迎来更多的游客。(because of)

5．在去电影院的路上，他听到了这个消息。(on the way to…)

五、书面表达(2011·宁波)
为了使同学们更加健康快乐地成长，学校决定向同学们征求建议。假如你是刘波，用英语向校长写一篇80个词左右的建议信。注意：文中应包含所有要点，并适当发挥；不能出现真实的校名和姓名。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster，
I’m very glad to write a letter to you．These days we are talking about how to have a better school life．Here are some of my suggestions．First，I hope our school will











Hope my suggestions will be helpful．Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely，
Liu Bo
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 DBECA
【同步训练13】
[基础检测]
一、1—5 DDBCB 6—10 CCCAB
二、1．healthy 2．advice 3．ways 4．of 5．for 6．sleep 7．smoking 8．much
三、1．Russian 2．interested 3．western 4．will happen 5．organize 6．1et 7．twelfth 8．1iving 9．flowers l0．stamps
四、1．sending 2．fact 3．since 4．than 5．interesting 6．pictures 7．joined 8．collecting 9．friends l0．By
五、l．Don’t park the cars in front of the shop，please! 2．The young man was waiting for his friend this time yesterday． 3．I won’t buy anything because I have run out of money．4．If I don’t finish my homework，my teacher will be angry with me．5．China is a country with a long history．
[能力提升]
一、1—5 ADCBA 6—10 BACDC 11—15 CBABD
二、1—5 BBCDC
三、l．to find food more easily 2．migration 3．(in)salt water 4．give birth and die 5．the season of the bad weather arrives／the bad weather arrives
四、1．He is outgoing and likes making friends． 2．We can take a walk to relax ourselves after school every day．3．When the big earthquake hit Japan．people all over the world helped a lot．4．Because of the“Expo”， more tourists／visitors will come to Xi’an this year． 5．He heard the news on the way to the cinema．
五、0ne possible version：
Dear Headmaster，
I’m very glad to write a letter to you．These days we are talking about how to have a better school life．Here are some of my suggestions．First，I hope
our school will open the library more often．Second，I think our school can organize more after-class activities．Next I hope our school will give us more time
for sports，art and music．And I suggest our school should organize fewer exams as well．
As for our teachers．I hope they will be our friends and make classes more interesting．And if they can talk less but more clearly in class，we will be more interested in studying and have more time to practice．What’s more，I hope they will give us less homework and finish classes on time．
Hope my suggestions will be helpful．Thanks for reading my letter!
Yours sincerely，
Liu Bo