中考满分——第14讲 八年级(下)Units 7—8

第14讲八年级(下)Units 7—8
要点梳理
【词汇拓展】
1．polite(adj．)礼貌的→impolite(adj．反义词)无礼的；粗鲁的→politely(adv．)礼貌地
2．Asian(adj．)亚洲的；亚洲人的→Asia(n．)亚洲
3．careful(adj．)小心的；谨慎的→careless(adj．反义词)粗心的→care(v．)关心；在意→carefully(adv．) 仔细地
4．personal(adj．)私人的；个人的→person(n．)人→ personality(n．)性格
5．speeial(adj．)特别的；特殊的；专门的→especially (adv．)特别；尤其→speeial(n．)特色菜
6．asleep(adj．睡着的) →sleep(v．)睡觉→sleep(n．) 睡眠→sleepy(adj．)困倦的；昏昏欲睡的→awake (adj．反义词)醒着的
7．choose(v．) →choice(n．)选择
8．nearly(adv．) →almost(adv．同义词)几乎
9．clearly(adv．)清楚地；明显地→clear(adj．)清楚的
10．winner(n．)胜利者→win(v．)赢
11．encourage(v．)鼓励；激励→courage(n．)勇气→ discourage(v．反义词)使灰心
12．suggest(v．)建议；提议→suggestion(n．)建议
13．interested(adj．)感兴趣的-，interest(v．)使感兴
趣→interest(n．)兴趣→interesting(adj．)有趣的
【重点短语】
1．turn down／up(音量)调低／调高 2．not at all一点儿也不
3．right away／right now／in a minute立刻；马上 4．put on穿上
5．at a meeting在开会 6．make posters制作海报
7．wait in line排队等候 8．cut in line插队
9．get annoyed生气 10．happen to sb． 发生在某人身上
11．keep…down控制 12．take care=be careful 小心；仔细
13．break the rules违反规则 14．put out熄灭15．pick up捡起
16．drop litter扔垃圾 17．not special enough不够特别
18．a 6-year-old child一个六岁的孩子 19．too．．．to…太……而不能……
20．fall asleep入睡 21．give away捐赠；赠送
22．someone else其他什么人 23．rather than而不是
24．encourage sb．to do sth． 鼓励某人做某事 25．make progress取得进步
26．hear of／about听说 27．make friends with跟……交朋友
28．take an interest in = be interested in对……感兴趣
【重点句型】
1．－ Would you mind turning down the music?你介意调低一下音乐吗?
－ No，not at all．／Sorry．I’ll do it right away．不，根本不介意。／对不起，我马上低。
2．－ Would you mind not playing baseball here?你介意不要在这里打棒球吗?
－ Sorry．We’11 go and play in the park．对不起。我们到公园去打。
3．What should I get my sister? 我应该送我姐姐什么呢?
4．－ Why don’t you get her a scarf?／Why not get her a scarf?为什么不送她一条围巾? － No，that’s not interesting enough．不，那不够有意思。
5．－ How／What about a sweater?送一件毛衣怎么样? － No，that’s too boring．不，那太无聊了。
6．What’s the best gift you have ever received?你曾收到的最好的礼物是什么?
考点精讲
【重点单词短语】
1．too…to．．．太……而不能……
to后面接动词原形，具有否定含义。这一句型常可以转换成So…that…句型。当这种too…to…句型转换成so…that句型时，为保持句意的一致，that引导的结果状语从句要根据时态用情态动词can’t或couldn’t加动词原形，that从旬中的谓语动词要带宾语。如：
The boy is too young to go to school．=The boy is so young that he can’t go to school．这个男孩太年轻而不能去上学。
The box is too big for me to carry．=The box is so big that I can’t carry it．这个箱子太重以至我不能搬动它。
适时点津
当动词不定式和主语在逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该动词后面不能再用it或them作宾语，该动词如果是不及物动词，则必须在其后面加上相当的介词或副词，方可与主语构成搭配。如：
The ice is too thin for me to skate on．这冰太薄而不能让我滑冰。
2．put out熄灭
活学活用
(2011·本溪) －Look at the sign“No Smoking”． －Sorry，I’ll my cigarette(香烟)at once．
A．put up B．put out C．put on D．put off
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。put up“举起，挂起”；put out“熄灭”；put on“穿上；上演”；put off“推迟”。句意：一看那个“不许吸烟”的标志。一对不起，我马上熄灭香烟。
答案：B
【重点句型】
1．Would you mind doing sth．?
(1)Would you mind doing sth．? =Do you mind
doing sth．?“你介意……?”／“请你……好不好?”是一种比较客气的表达方式。如：
Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗户吗?
(2)如果要表示“请你不要做……好吗?”只需在doing前面加not。如：
Would you mind not sitting in front of me?你不要坐在我前面好吗?
(3)应答用语：
①如果同意表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表
达：Certainly not．／of course not．／No，not at a11．／Not at all．“好，可以。”
②如果不同意表示介意时，常用“Sorry．／I’m sorry，but…”及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。
适时点津
Would you mind doing sth．?这一句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you，如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可以用“Would you mind my doing．．?”句型。
活学活用
(2011·内江) －It’s a little cold today．Would you mind the window?
－Of course not．
A．not opening B．not to open C．don’t open D．no opening
解析：根据句意：“今天外面有点冷，你介意不要开窗户吗?”和句型Would you mind not doing sth．?这里要用not doing结构。
答案：A
2．表示建议的句型
(1)Why don’t you+动词原形?用来表示建议，可以转换为Why not+动词原形?
(2)How／What abour+名词／代词／动名词形式?
(3)“Let’s…”以Let’s开头的祈使句，表示建议对方和自己一起做某事。Let’s后接动词原形。
(4)“Shall we…?”以shall we开头的疑问句，用于建议对方和自己一起做某事。回答时如赞成，常用“Yes，let’s.”。
活学活用
(2011·阜康) －We can go to Jinan Railway Station by bus．－Why not there for a change?
A．try walking B．trying to walk C．to try and walk D．to try walking
解析：本题考查“Why not…?”句型，意为“为什么不……呢?”，用来表示建议，后接动词原形。也可以表达为“Why don’t you／we do…?”。
答案：A
【巧辨异同】
1．instead与instead of
(1)instead为副词，意为“代替”，在旬中独立作状语。常置于旬首，用逗号隔开，也可放在句末。
(2)instead of为介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后面一般接名词、代词、介词和动名词形式。
适时点津
instead of与rather than的区别：
当它们后面跟动词时，instead of后跟现在分词．doing结构，而rather than后跟动词原形。
活学活用
(2011·安徽)骶at a nice day!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel．
A．because of B．instead of C．together with D．out of
解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：多好的天气啊!我们应该去观光，而不是待在酒店里看电视。
答案：B
2．get，receive与accept
(1)get有“得到，获得”的意思，在表示“获得”某物时，可能是被动接受也有可能是主动争取。
(2)receive指收到了什么东西，不一定接受，receive a letter frorm．．收到……的来信。
(3)accept着重指以愉悦的态度或经过自己的争取而得到或取得某物。
活学活用
(2011·湘西)What’s the best present you have ever ?
A．received B．receives C．receiving
解析：本题考查时态。构成完成时态用“have／has+过去分词”，received是过去分词。
答案：A
3．Spend.pay，cost与take四者都可以表示“花费”，但用法有区别：
(1)spend指“花费”时间、精力、财力等，在某事或某物上，主语是人。常用结构有：
spend．．0n…／spend．．(in)doing sth．
(2)cost主要指“花费”时间、金钱、精力等，不用人作主语，可带双宾语。如：
The book cost me twenty yuan．
(3)pay作“花费”解释时，指为买到某物付钱，主语是人，常与for搭配。
(4)take作“花费”解释时，常用it来作形式主语，常用结构是：
it takes sb．some time to do sth．
活学活用
(2011·福州) －I 5，000 yuan on this iPhone． －Wow，so much!I can’t afford it．
A．spent B．paid C．cost
解析：本题考查动词辨析。sb．+spend．．on sth．／doing sth．“某人在(做)某事上花费……”；sb．+pay for“为……付钱”；sth．+cost…“某物价值……”。句意：一我在这台iPhone上花费了5000元。一哇，这么多啊!我买不起它。
答案：A
4．turn down／up与turn on／off
(1)turn down／up(音量)调低／调高
(2)turn on／off打开／关掉(电器)
活学活用
(2011·丽水)If you the unnecessary lights，you’11 save some energy．
A．get off B．put off C．take off D．turn off
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。解题思路：get off下车；put off推迟，take off脱下(衣鞋等)；turn off关掉(电灯等)。句意：如果你关掉不需要打开的灯，你将能节约能源。
答案：D
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·广州) －I feel a bit hungry now．－Why not for dinner with us?
A．go B．did you go C．to go D．do you go
解析：本题考查情景对话和固定搭配。提建议的句式：Why not do sth．?Why not后接动词原形。
答案：A
真题2 (2011·丽水)Personally I don’t quite agree that people dangerous animals as pets．
A．depend B．afford C．keep D．follow
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析.keep sth．as a pet意为“饲养……作为宠物”。
答案：C
真题3 (2011·黄冈) － What are you doing，Uncle Wang? －I am sorting out old books and I’ll to kids in West China．
A．give them up B．give them away
C．give them off D．give them in
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要把书赠送给中国西部的孩子们。9ive up意为“放弃”；giveaway意为“赠送，分发”；9ive off意为“发出，放出”；give in意为“让步，屈服”。
答案：B
真题4 (2011·梅州) － Would you mind opening the window? － ．It’s very hot and wet in the room．
A．Of course B．Not at all
C．That’s all right D．You’re welcome
解析：根据句意，对方显然并不介意开窗，因为房间里很热、很潮湿。故选8，表示“一点也不介意”。
答案：B
名师预测
阅读短文，然后用下面所给的单词或短语填空，使全文在逻辑上正确。(提示：选项中有一个是多余的)
go back，mad，need，mind，hurry up，polite
We asked some people what annoyed．them．Here’s what they said：
I don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation．When that happens，I usually say，“Would you(1) helping me?”And I don’t like it when shop assistants follow me around．Then I say．“Could you please not follow me around?1’ll ask you if I(2) some help．” Usually the shop assistants say they are sorry，but sometimes they get(3) ．If that happens，I won’t(4) to that store again．
I get annoyed when someone talks to me while 1’m readin9．This happens to me all the time in the school library．When it happens，I usually talk to the person because I want to be(5) ．But because l’m polite．people don’t know I’m annoyed．So they do the same thing again．Perhaps in the future'I should try not to be so annoyed．

同步训练l4八年级(下)Units 7—8
[基础检测]
一、单项选择
( )1．I like to dance sing an English song．
A rather than B．instead of C．over D．instead
( )2．—What should I get my grandma for her birthday?—Why you a scarf?
A．not；buy B．don’t；buy C．don’t；to buy D．not；to buy
( )3．Tomorrow is Sunday．How abou t to visit your grandmother?
A．go B．going C．to go D．gone
( )4．People don’t need to spend money buying gifts．
A．too many B．much too C．too much D．many too
( )5．This room is small hold these people．
A．so；to B．too；that C．too；to D．such；that
( )6．(2011·清远)I want to watch the basketball match．Would you please the TV?
A．turn on B．turn off C．turn down D．turn up
( )7．(2011·黄冈) —What are you doing，Uncle Wang?—I am sorting out old books and I’ll
to kids in West China．
A．give them up B．give them away C．give them off D．give them in
( )8．(2011·百色)It’s raining heavily outside．Why don’t you your raincoat?
A．put on B．to put on C．take off D．to take off
( )9．(2011·铜仁) —It’s a fine day today．How about ?一Sounds great!
A．go hiking B．go to hike C．going hiking D．to go to hike
( )10．(2011·成都) —The T-shirt looks nice on you!How much does it ？ —I just ten dollars for it．
A．take；afforded B．cost；paid C．cost；spent
二、语篇填空
根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单阋，使短
文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Think about two people you know．How would you describe their personalities(性格)?Are they the(1)s ?Of course not!Everyone is different．Even twins have different personalities．
Some people are very outgoing and friendly．They
like to be with other people all the(2)t ．Maybe they like to be the center of attention．And somepeople are quiet--maybe a little(3)s ．They can be friendly，too．But they like to be alone or with just a(4)f friends．
Some people worry a lot．They may worry about many things，such as their jobs，their families and anything that may happen in the future．(5)H ，some people don’t worry about anything．They(6)n mind what is going on next．These people are very relaxed．
Some people are hard-working．They always do their(7)b ．But some people are(8)l ．They don’t care about doing things right or getting things done on time．Hard-working people always get more changes than those lazy(9)o in life．
Arid don’t(10)f this：Everyone is different．That means you are special．
兰、用所给的单词或短语填空
pets，wallet，photo album，take care of，enough，calendar，flowers，watch，personal，expensive
1．I don’t want to get her a camera．That’s too
2．I have a new ．It can tell me the time．
3．She is putting her money into the ．
4．—What’s the date today? —Let me have a look at the ．
5．Don’t ask her question．Or she won’t answer it．
6．Could you my little dog while I’m away?
7．She gives me some on my birthday．
8．Most of children like to keep ．They are good companies．
9．I want to put these photos in the ．
10．I don’t like cats．They are not friendly ．
四、句子翻译
1．他太害羞，不敢在公共场合做演讲。(too…to…，speech)

2．把音乐关小点，您介意吗?(turn down)

3．如果这个星期天不下雨，他们将去长城。(if)

4．大部分时间我们都在一起，因此我们从不觉得寂寞。 (feel lonely)

5．嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。(1augh at)

五、补全对话(2011·成都)
根据对话内容，从方框中选出适当的选项补全对话。
A：Lily，what should I get for Ms．Ning for the coming Teachers’Day?
B：Your English teacher?How about a notebook?
A：(1)
B：Mmm．How about a watch?
A：I don’t think so．A watch is too expensive．
B：I see．(2)
A：No，I don’t know what book she likes best．
B：Well，(3)
A：No!A scarf is too personal．
B：OK，I know．How about flowers?
A：(4) Yes，she’ll like that!
A．Some flowers?
B．would she like a scarf?
C．How about her favorite book?
D．Er…don’t you think that’s too cheap?
[能力提升]
一、完形填空(2011·黄冈)
Ever since I was little，my favourite season was winter．I loved to play in the snow and enjoy the hot chocolate．
1 ，winter never gave me the special gift of
snow on my birthday．I would ask my grandmother 2 it didn’t snow on my birthday．She would laugh and tell me I asked too many questions． 3 one day，she promised(许诺)that she would make it snow on my next birthday．
That year， 4 my birthday，my grandmother died．I was sad but angry because she had promised to make it snow．The day of my sixth birthday，I woke up and ran to the window， 5 to see just one snowflake．But there was no snow．I felt mad at my grandmother．She had broken a promise．
By my sixteenth birthday，I 6 all hope of getring my snow，even though I still wished for 7 ．During my party，I stayed with my friends and family and was truly happy．I 8 the best time ever!Then I saw the white snow 9 down all around．I was so excited that I ran around screaming(尖叫)and laughing．My friends all laughed 10 me，but I didn’t Care．
When I 11 home，my grandpa said he had a gift for me．I was l2 because he had given me a gift．It was a small white box，which looked old．I opened it．There was a crystal snowflake(水晶雪球)with a card that 13 。“Happy Birthday．”
How could this be?My grandpa said it was my grandmother’s final l4 on my“sweet sixteenth”．I cried．
I was l5 that my smiling grandmother angel was and had been watching over me．
( )1．A．Certainly B．Unfortunately C．Importantly D．Luckily
( )2．A．when B．how C．whether D．why
( )3．A．But B．Or C Then D．So
( )4．A．on B．after C．before D．in
( )5．A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope
( )6．A．was losing B．lost C．would lose D．had lost
( )7．A．it B．her C．him D．me
( )8．A．had B．was C．played D．feared
( )9．A．fell B．to fall C．fallen D．falling
( )10．A．with B．at C．from D．off
( )11．A．arrived at B．remained C．got D．entered
( )12．A．excited B．confused C．pleased D．frustrated
( )13．A．wrote B．said C．explained D．appeared
( )14．A．order B．mistake C．wish D．decision
( )15．A．certain B．angry C．sad D．anxious
二、阅读理解(2011·山东)
Teenagers can’t afford to buy expensive gifts．So what do you do if you want to give gifts to the important people in your life'?In fact，you don’t have to spend a lot of money on holiday gifts．There are many cheap ways to do that．tlere are some make-it-yourself gift ideas to try：
To your mom and dad：
You can decorate a photo frame，sing a song or write a letter to your mom and dad．You could also draw a picture for them if you like that better．
To your teacher：
Sometimes students put their pocket money together and buy the teacher a holiday gift．Some kids also give individual gifts．You can send a nice card with the words of thanks inside．You might even write down the favorite thing you’ve learned in the teacher’s class this year．It will make the teacher feel happy．
To the kids who need a friend：
The holidays are a good time to think about people who are lonely．Maybe there is someone in your class who doesn’t seem to have many friends．Try to do something for this person．It could be giving a Christmas card or just chatting with him or her．It’s a small thing，but it could mean a lot to someone who feels a littie shy or sad at school．
( )1．Teenagers don’t have to their parents as a gift，according to the passage．
A．write a letter to B．sing a song to
C．buy an expensive photo frame for D．draw a picture for
( )2．If you want to send your teacher a card，what will you write in it?
A．The name of the students you don’t like．
B．The importance of making gifts by yourself．’
C．Something you’ve learned in the teacher’s class．
D．Ways to improve your grades．
( )3．The underlined word“individual”means“ ”in Chinese．
A．稀少的 B．贵重的 C．单独的 D．集体的
( )4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．A small gift during the holidays may mean a lot to someone who feels lonely．
B．Sometimes students put their pocket money together and buy the teacher a gift．
C．Chatting with a classmate who had few friends is also a good holiday gift．
D．You should spend more money buying gifts for your teachers．
( )5．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Making Holiday Gifts Yourself
B．How to Save Money During Holidays
C．Making Friends by Giving Gifts
D．How to Choose Gifts for Different People
三、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，完成信息卡。
Skin-diving is a new sport today．This sport takes you into a wonderful new world．It is like a visit to the moon．When you are under water，it is easy for you to climb big rocks，because you are no longer heavy．
Here，under water，everything is blue and green．During the day，there is plenty of light．When fish swim nearby，you can catch them with your hands．
When you have tanks of air on your back，you can stay in deep water for a long time．But you must be careful when you dive in deep water．
To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport．Besides，there are more uses for skin-diving．You can clean ships without taking them out of water．You can get many things from the deep sea．
Now you see that skin-diving is both useful and interesting．
Infhrnmtion Card
A new sport today
(1)
(2)
There is plenty of light
Everything is(3)
Under the water
You can stay in deep water for a long time with
(4)
One of the most interesting parts of this sport
(5)
四、词汇运用(2011·福州)
根据句意，用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空。
sleep，win，tomato，play，nine
1．I often hear them the piano in the room．
2．Teachers’Day is in the month of the year．
3．Tom fell in the class yesterday because he was very tired．
4．—Excuse me，what’s the price of these ? —Six yuan a kilo．
5．I think Sally will be the of the English cornpetition in our school．
五、书面表达(2011。·桂林)
今年是桂林市创建全国文明城市关键的一年。“桂林是我家，创城靠大家”!作为中学生，我们应积极参与。请根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的短文(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
要点：1．尊敬老师，对人礼貌。
2．帮助他人，友善待人。
3．遵守交规，过马路走斑马线，不闯红灯。
4．保护环境，不乱扔垃圾，不踩草地等。
5．补充两句个人观点。
参考词汇：respect(尊敬)；be polite to；obey(遵守)；traffic rules；zebra crossing(斑马线)
要求：1．内容包括所提供的信息及要点，可适当发挥，但不要逐条翻译。
2．不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。
Guilin is now making its effort to become a national civilized city．As students，what should we do?











答案
【名师预测】
1．mind 2．need 3．mad 4．go back 5．polite
【同步训练14】
[基础检测]
一、1—5 ABBCC 6—10 ABACB
二、1．same 2．time 3．shy 4．few 5．However 6．never 7．best 8．lazy 9．ones l0．forget
三、1．expensive 2．watch 3．wallet 4．Calendar 5．personal 6．take care of 7．flowers 8．pets 9．photo album l0．enough
四、1．He is too shy to give a speech in public． 2．Would you mind turning down the music? 3．They will go to the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain this Sunday．4．We are together most of the time，so we never feel lonely． 5．It’s not polite to laugh at those people in trouble．
五、1--4 DCBA
[能力提升]
一、1—5 BDACB 6—10 DAADB 11—15 CBBCA
二、1—5 CCCDA
三、1．Skin-diving 2．During the day 3．blue and green 4．Tanks of air on your back 5．To catch fish
四、1．play 2．ninth 3．asleep 4．tomatoes 5．winner
五、0ne possible version：
Guilin is now making its effort to become a national civilized city．As students，what should we do?
We must respect our teachers and be polite to others．We should also help those who are in need and be friendly to the people around us．Besides，we must obey the traffic rules．When crossing the streets，we should walk on the zebra crossing．And we mustn’t go across the street when the traffic lights are red．What’s more，we should protect our environment．For example，we mustn’t step on the grass and climb trees．Litter mustn’t be thrown everywhere．
Guilin is our hometown．Let’s try our best to make it a civilized city．