Unit 1 Star signs, 9A
一.【精挑细选短语】
1. read your stars看你的星相→ star signs星座,animal signs属相 (p6)
2. have lots to eat and drink有许多吃的和喝的→不定式作后置定语,如:have a lot to celebrate。
3. divide…into…把…分成…→be divided into…被分成… (p8)
【知识链接】①Divide the cake into nine halves. ②A year is divided into 12 different star signs.
4. energetic and active精力充沛又积极进取,creative and imaginative富有创造力和想像力
【知识链接】⑴be energetic=have lots of energy精力充沛 ⑵active积极的→activity活动
5. at times=sometimes=from time to time=now and then有时;不时;偶尔
6. do not give up easily不轻易放弃→give up放弃,“动词+副词”,如:give it/them up
【知识链接】⑴never give up永不放弃,e.g. Thomas Edison was a man who never gave up. ⑵give up doing sth=stop doing sth放弃做某事,e.g. ①give up smoking=stop smoking戒烟 ②Do not give up studying Maths. It’s very important and useful.
7. love your home and family →love one’s home and family爱家顾家,不能用house代替home。
8. argue with others与别人争论→argue with sb与某人争论,argue with sb about sth (p9)
【知识链接】The two children argued with each other about what TV programmes to watch.
9. dream about everything梦想一切;憧憬一切→dream ①vt.做梦 ②n.梦;梦想
【知识链接】⑴dream of/about sb/sth梦到某人/某事,dream about/of doing sth 梦想做某事,have/dream a…dream做了一个…的梦 ⑵梦想,常用于Sb’s dream is to do sth.
10. spend a lot of time explaining things to us →explain sth to sb=explain to sb sth向某人解释某事
【知识链接】⑴不能用explain sb sth表达“向某人解释某事” 。explain →explanation n.解释
⑵explain to sb+疑问词+不定式,e.g. He explained to me how to deal with it.
【用法拓展】provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb,不能写成provide sth to sb或provide sb sth。
11. show off炫耀→Wilson likes to show off his new car.威尔逊喜欢炫耀他的新车。 (p12)
12. do an experiment in the laboratory在实验室里做实验→do/make an experiment做实验 (p16)
【知识链接】⑴experiment n.(C)实验,e.g. a physics/chemistry experiment物理/化学实验
⑵laboratory简写作lab,language lab语音室,biology lab生物实验室
13. collect pictures of all kinds of butterflies收集各种各样的蝴蝶图片→all kinds of各种各样的
14. the first cloned sheep第一只克隆绵羊→过去分词cloned作前置定语,如:a fallen leaf落叶
【用法拓展】过去分词短语作后置定语,如:books borrowed from the school library
15. on the phone打电话,常用于①be on the phone打电话的②Sb be wanted on the phone.
【知识链接】①Sandy has been on the phone for half an hour. 桑迪打电话已经半个小时了。②You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话;有人打电话找你。
16. have his bicycle repaired修自行车→Peter has had his bicycle repaired.彼得已修好自行车了。
【知识链接】Sb have sth done.某人(让别人)做某事,主语不是动作的执行者。e.g. ①He had his hair cut yesterday.昨天他理发了。“他”不能做出“cut理发”这一动作。②The Egyptian kings had their tombs built thousands of years ago. “古埃及国王”不能自己“建造坟墓”,必须由别人来建造。
17. find a wallet lying on the ground发现地上有个钱包→注意该动词短语中不能用原形lie
【知识链接】find sb/sth lying+地点,发现某人或某物在某处,I found a cat lying under the chair.
18. have problems with one’s health →health, healthy, unhealthy, healthier, healthiest, healthily (p18)
【用法拓展】填词:①Smoking is bad for your (健康). ②If you want to be (健康) and thinner, you should practise more. ③If you get lots of rest and eat (健康), you won’t get sick.
19. have success at school or work around the middle of the month大约本月中旬在学习或工作中获得成功
【知识链接】succeed→success→successful→successfully ⑴have success=succeed=be successful获得成功 ⑵have success in doing sth=succeed in doing sth=do sth successfully成功做某事e.g. have success in passing the entrance exams=succeed in passing the entrance exams
e up with new ideas →come up with=think of想出;想起 (p19)
21. recommend David as the new chairperson of the Students’ Union →the Students’ Union学生会
【知识链接】recommend sb as…推荐某人为…→sb be recommended as…某人被推荐为…,e.g. He was recommended as our monitor.【注意】⑴recommend sb for…推荐某人做某事,recommend her for the Best Actress Award ⑵recommend sth to sb=recommend sb sth推荐某物给某人,e.g. recommend it to us
22. get full marks得满分,get good marks得高分,make a speech to a large group of people演讲
23. do extra work做额外的工作 → extra large=XL (服装等)特大号→ S, M, L小、中、大号
24. have many good personal qualities具有许多良好的个人素质→quality n.素质;质量,speak in front of the whole school在全校师生前面演讲,help with our class project帮助我们处理班级事务,have all the qualities to be a good chairperson具备一名优秀主席所应有的素质 (p22)
25. the most suitable person最合适的人选→be suitable for…适合…,ASSEMBLY is suitable for students.
二.【百里挑一词汇】
1. 星座名称:Aries白羊座,Taurus金牛座,Gemini双子座,Cancer巨蟹座,Leo狮子座,Virgo处女座,Libra天秤座,Scorpio天蝎座,Sagittarius射手座,Capricorn摩羯座,Aquarius水瓶座,Pisces双鱼座。
2. 十二生肖名称:Rat鼠,Ox牛,Tiger虎,Rabbit兔,Dragon龙,Snake蛇,Horse马,Goat羊,Monkey猴,Rooster鸡,Dog狗,Pig猪。例如:鼠年the year of the Rat。
3. confident自信的→confidence信心 ⑴be confident=feel sure about one’s own ability ⑵be confident of…=have confidence in…对…有信心,e.g. ①Our team is confident of winning the match. ②She didn’t have any confidence in herself at work.工作时她对自己毫无信心。
4. practical adj.实事求是的;心灵手巧的;实用的,e.g. ①You are practical and pay attention to details. ②Oxford practical English grammar牛津实用英语语法
5. 反义词:active→inactive, generous/unselfish→selfish, modest→proud, strong→weak, clever→silly/foolish, patient→impatient, hard-working→lazy, fair→unfair, formal→informal
6. different→difference,类似的有:elegant→elegance, excellent→excellence, silent→silence, important →importance, absent→absence缺席
7. probable→probably ⑴adv.几乎肯定;很可能;大概;或许, e.g. The two cases are probably connected. ⑵perhaps, maybe也许;可能,通常用在句首。
8. awake醒着的→asleep睡着的,e.g. ①I was still awake when he came back at midnight. ②The noise was keeping everyone awake.喧闹声吵得大家都睡不着。
wake up⑴睡醒;醒来 e.g. What time do you usually wake up ⑵叫醒,“动词+副词”结构e.g. ①The children woke me up. ②She was woken up by the telephone.
9. otherwise adv.否则;要不然,e.g. ①His friends lent him some money. Otherwise, he couldn’t afford the trip. ②Shut the window, otherwise it’ll get cold in the room.
10. ⑴different不同的→difference(可数名词)不同;差异,e.g. There are several differences between the twins. ⑵different →differently不同地, e.g. try to do everything differently
11. imagine vt.想像→imagination n.想像力→imaginative adj.富于想像力的,e.g. ①I can’t imagine what will happen. ②She has an active imagination. 她有灵活的想像力。③It is an imaginative tale.这是虚构的故事。
12. save vt.积攒,储蓄;节约;挽救 e.g. save money攒钱,save water节约用水,save one’s life
13. organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者→organization n.组织→organized有条理的
14. dentist牙医,以-ist结尾的名词大多是“家”, e.g. artist艺术家, chemist化学家, psychologist心理学家
15. lively活泼的;生气勃勃的→live现场直播的e.g. He is lively and outgoing.他很活泼开朗。
三.【五星必背句型】
1. It’s nice of you to bring me the newspaper.=You are nice to bring me the newspaper. (p6)
【知识链接】It is+形容词+of sb to do sth. It是形式主语,无实义,动词不定式短语是真正的主语,常用的形容词有:careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, kind, nice, polite, happy, sad, selfish, wrong等。
【用法拓展】It is+形容词+for sb to do sth.表示某人做某事怎么样。
2. It says I’ll have lots to eat and drink today. →报刊、杂志、书信等上面的内容用say不用write。
3. You shouldn’t worry about not having breakfast then. →worry about+名词/代词/动名词,担忧
【知识链接】⑴worry vi.担心 e.g. A Virgo worries too much at times.处女座的人有时过多忧虑。⑵worry about属于“动词+介词”结构,宾语必须后置。e.g. Don’t worry about me. I’ll be all right. ⑶常用:Don’t worry. ⑷worry about doing sth担心做某事→worry about not doing sth担心不做某事,e.g. She worried about not passing the exam. ⑷be worried about…表示“担心”的状态。e.g. Where have you been I was worried about you .【注意】worry n.令人担忧的事;让人发愁的事,Don’t keep your worries to yourself.
4. Your date of birth decide your star signs. Some people believe that people born under the same star sign share similar characteristics. →place of birth出生日期,place of birth出生地 (p8)
【知识链接】share similar characteristics拥有相似的性格→⑴similar相似的,e.g. We have very similar interests.我们的兴趣相仿。→⑵be similar to sb/sth与某人或某事物相似,e.g. His teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.他的教学风格与多数教师相似。
5. It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes.原谅别人的错误 (p9)
【知识链接】⑴forgive sb for sth原谅某人(做了)某事,forgive →forgave →forgiven,e.g. ①I’ll never forgive you.我永远都不会原谅你。②Forgive us for being late.请原谅我们来迟了。⑵It is+形容词+of sb to do sth.→否定句:It is+形容词+of sb not to do sth. ⑶mistake ①n.错误,make a mistake →make mistakes犯错 ②vt.弄错mistake →mistook →mistaken,mistake A for B “误把A当成B”,e.g. mistake Lucy for Lily
6. You are patient enough to wait for a long time without getting angry.
【知识链接】⑴for a long time=for long很久 ⑵get angry生气→get+形容词,变得…, e.g. get hungry挨饿,get tired疲劳,get lost迷路,get fat发胖,get long变长,get cold变冷。⑶“be+形容词+enough to do sth”或“行为动词+副词+enough to do sth”,足够…而能做某事,该句型与so…that…的意思接近,可以互换。e.g. Sandy is clever enough to solve the physics problem.=Sandy is so clever that she can solve the physics problem. ⑷not+形容词/副词+enough to do sth=too…to…, e.g. ①He is not old enough to go to school.=He is too young to go to school. ②He didn’t run quickly enough to win the 100-metre race.=He ran too slowly to win the 100-metre race.
7. A selfish person cares only about oneself. (p10)
【知识链接】care about…关心 →care only about…只在乎,care more about…多关注…
【用法拓展】⑴care for…=take care of…=look after…照顾… ⑵care for=like喜欢
8. A humorous person has a good sense of humour. →be humorous=have a good sense of humour
9. A fair person treats everyone equally. →be fair=treat sb equally公平
10. An outgoing person is friendly and loves to meet people.
11. An easy-going person does not get angry easily.
12. The boy was born on 21st January. He should be kind and wise. →should 情态动词,可能。
13. More details are available on request.=Further information is available on request.详情备索。
14. —Thank you. —It’s our pleasure. →It’s my/our/a pleasure.不客气。 (p23)
【知识链接】With pleasure.(客气地接受或同意)当然了,我愿意。e.g.
① —May I sit here —Yes, with pleasure. ②—Thanks for doing that. —It’s a pleasure.
15. 【中考无敌语法】英语的基本句子成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、宾语补足语(object complement)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。