(共46张PPT)
Grammar
定语从句
From this valley they say you are going I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
They say you are taking the sunshine _______ has brightened my pathway a e and sit by my side______you love me. Do not hasten to bid me adieu. But remember the Red River Valley, and the cowboy _______loved you so true.
that
who
if
一、定语从句及相关概念
定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、
名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。
如果是一个从句担任定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
定语从句
定语从句的概念：
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
先行词 关系词
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词。
关系词的分类：关系代词和关系副词
They say you are taking the sunshine that has brightened my pathway.
But please remember the Red River Valley, and the cowboy who loved you so true.
关系词 先行词所指 关系词在定语
从句中的作用
关系
代词 that 人 / 物
which 物
who 人
whom 人
whose 人 / 物
关系
副词 when 时间
where 地点
why 原因
主、宾、表语
主、宾、表语
主、宾
宾语
定语
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
Come on
You are the girl________ heart is so silly. You are the girl ________ we love so really. When you go you’ll take all the rain_______ has watered my heart all the nights. I don’t know the reason _____ you are leaving. I don’t know the time _______ you are here. I don’t forget the river _______ you often swim and the valley _______ you often walk. I can’t forget the house ________ you live and the one _________ I am waiting.
whose
whom
that
why
when
where
where
in which
for whom
用关系代词或关系副词补全歌词
名言警句中的定语从句：
He who learns but does not think, is lost; He who thinks but does not learn, is in great danger.
He who swells in prosperity will sick in adversity.
得意忘形的要遭殃
3. He who has a lazy hand has an empty mouth. 手懒饿肚皮
4. All that glitters is not gold. 所有发光的东西并不都是金子。
5. Learn something that you may do something. 干什么都需要学习
6. Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者事竟成
7.青春是活力的美，健壮的美，是属于我们得天独厚的美。 Youth is a beauty of vigor and health, which is endowed to us by nature.
Students always like teach well or understand students’ teachers.
Some students like kind to students and humorous’ teachers.
There are also many students hope to have humorous teachers.
If a teacher who is humorous but can’t teach well, he won’t be a good teacher.
书面表达中易犯的错误：
错误使用定语从句。
将简单事情复杂化。
I am a student who is easygoing.
I am an easygoing student.
My English teacher, Miss Tang, who is from China.
My English teacher, Miss Tang, is from China.
He is a lovely boy who is from Class 13.
He is a lovely boy from Class 13.
This is also the reason why students like having some teachers’ classes.
A teacher who can understand students well can get along well with students.
I think a teacher who owns good teaching ability is a good teacher.
Changing minds often is a disadvantage (that )students hate because they don’t know what is right.
A teacher who teaches well will become popular with students.
I think a teacher who teaches students with love is a good teacher.
They’ll be real friends who can lead us to success.
A teacher who can tell jokes or make students laugh always gives a wonderful lesson.
I agree with the students who think a good teacher should understand students and teach well.
Come on!
Secondary smoke is the smoke that comes from a smoker’s breath …
You can start by asking the smokers you know …
Don’t get close to the people who are smoking.
2011年泉州中考阅读理解
1. 如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
2. 指物时只用that 或which 的情况
3. Whose的用法
4. 指人时that与who的区别
5. 介词+关系代词
6. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题
定语从句常见考点
考点一:
如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
方法一 ——代入法
若可把先行词直接代入定语从句时，用关系代词；
若先行词前需加介词才可带入时，用关系副词。
方法二—— 句子成分分析法
如果先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、
定语，用关系代词；
如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词。
I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.
The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.
The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.
when
(which / that)
(which / that)
where
1. 先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被all, little, much, every, no等修饰时。
3.先行词被序数词（the first, the last）或形容词最高级(the best)修饰时或先行词前有the very, the only 等时。
4. 先行词是人和物的组合。
5. 若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。
只用that的情况:
考点二:指物时that 与which 的区别
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D. it
指物时只用which的情况:
(1). 引导非限定定语从句时 (2). 介词后面
2. The day ______ he was born was
Aug . 20 , 1952.
A.on which B that C which D. this
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.
A. that B. what C. who D. whether
2. Is there anything else _____ you require
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
选择：
4. He talked happily about the men and books
_____ interested him greatly in the school.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
5. There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you
A. that B. which C. where D. it
考点三 : Whose 用法
1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，
构成名词短语。
That’s the child whose father is a teacher.
Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor
This is a book whose cover(封面) is green.
2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅
可以指人，还可以指物。
【2011泉州】
45. -Have you seen a woman______ hat is pink -Sorry, I didn’t notice that. A. that B. what C. whose
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。hat是名词,故选择C.
You are the girl________ heart is so silly.
whose
Anyone _____breaks the law is punished.
Those _____ break the law are punished.
He _____ breaks the law is punished.
在anyone, those, he / she / I / they作先行词时, 用“who” 代替 “that”.
考点四:指人时 that 与who的区别
who
who
who
考点五:介词+关系代词
提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,
关键是介词的选择.
方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词的习惯搭配。
方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，定语从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which（指物）或 whom（指人）不可用that 或who代替。
This is the boy.
He worked with the boy in the office.
This is the boy (who/whom/that) he worked with in the office.
Join them into one sentence.
= This is the boy with whom he worked in the office .
关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which(指物)或whom(指人)。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在定语从句之尾。
但是遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不能前置。
Is this the book (which / that)
you are looking for
填适当的关系词
1.The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
2.The room __________ my family live used to be a garage.
3.Did you find the pen _________ I wrote just now
4.Did you find the composition ______ I wrote just now
with whom
in which
with which
which
考点六:定语从句的主谓一致问题
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 1.I am not one who ______afraid of difficulty．
2.Don’t choose me, who _______not fit for this job．
is
am
3. This is one of the best books _______.
A. that have ever been written
B. that has ever been written
C. that has written
D. that have written
4. She is not the only one of the girls ___ well in class.
A. which sings B. who sing
C. who sings D. who to sing
类别 意义 功能 形式 关系代词
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。
起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。
修饰先行词
修饰先行词 /修饰 整个句子
无逗号隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
有that
无that
作宾语时可以省略
不可以省略
两种定语从句的区别
当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。
(1). He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
只用非限制性定语从句的三种情况：
当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物时。
(2). The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, goes around the earth.
先行词是人名、地名、国名、建筑物等专有名词时。
(3). Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.
1. Is this factory ____ we visited last
week
D
Is this the factory ____ we visited last
Week
A、where B、that
C、to which D、the one
B
解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。
练习题
2. She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
A、when B、what
C、which D、why
C
She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing.
A
3. Ying De is a city, ___ is famous for its black tea.
Ying De is a city, ____there is a Baojing Palace.
A. which B. that
C. where D. there
A
C
4. The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.
A、who B、whose
C、of whom D、which
B
5.Those _____ to take part in the game
write down your names.
A、who B、who want
C、who wants D、what
B
6. I don't like English, _____ grammar I am not interested.
I don't like English, ____ grammar is difficult to learn.
I like this hut(小屋), _____ doorway (门口)is just enough to get .
I like this hut, _____ doorway is small.
A. in whose B. which
C. through whose D. whose
A
D
C
D
7. I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A、who is
B、what is
C、what am
D、who am
D
8. His walking stick, ____ he can’t
walk, was lost yesterday.
A、that
B、with which
C、which
D、without which
D
定语从句的解题思路:
通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。
2. 分析定语从句的句子结构。在定语从句中，缺什么句子成分，就补什么：当缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语时时，用关系代词；当缺少状语时，用关系副词。
Translation
1. 这就是那位帮助过我的人。
This is the man who \ that helped me.
2. 你昨天遇到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。
Mrs. Smith (whom \ who \ that) you
met yesterday is a friend of mine.
3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？
Do you know the man whose name
is Wang Yu
4. 我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。
The present (that / which) I received was from my brother.
5. 他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。
He came to my home during the week when I was out.
6. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？
Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word
Thanks for listening.
