湖南省师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期英语入学自主检测试卷

湖南省师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期英语入学自主检测试卷
一、阅读选择
1．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
Planning
a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your costs.
AVOID
BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost
of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at
the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19
Oct.) cost 169. 15 at . A week later, the same room cost l18. 15.
If
you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid-or you're looking for a big
event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow
you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
STAY
AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want
to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for
the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.
Don't
be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in
advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge's Central Euston hotel in London for
Saturday 22 September was 95. 95. A room just a tube journey away at its
Covent Garden hotel was 75. 75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just 62.
95.
GET
ON A BIKE London's ‘Boris bikes' have attracted the most attention but other
cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at
your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.
Among
the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay
around 1. 50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or 5 per
day).
（1）The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may .
A．help travelers pass time
B．attract lots of travelers to the UK
C．allow travelers to make flexible plans
D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation
（2）"Farringdon" in Paragraph 5 is most probably .
A．the tube line to Covent Garden
B．an ideal holiday destination
C．a hotel away from the train station
D．the name of a travel agency
（3）The main purpose of the passage is .
A．to offer visitors some money-saving tips
B．to tell visitors how to book in advance
C．to supply visitors with hotel information
D．to show visitors the importance of self-help
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章作者对于去欧洲旅行的游客，给出了一些省钱的建议。
（1）答案定位在AVOID BIG EVENTS部分 Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. （大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览会增加住宿成本，让人更难找到房间。）故选D。
（2）答案定位在STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION部分可知，后面用几个较便宜的旅馆来举例说明黑体部分，即一家离火车站很远的旅馆，故选C。
（3）答案定位在第一段Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your costs. 可知这篇文章的主要目的是给游客一些省钱的建议，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两大常考题型，是一篇生活类应用文。要求考生在读懂文章大意的前提下，通过题干的关键词快速定位到原文，并对比选项内容，进行推理判断，选出正确的答案。
2．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
The
idea of changing the world seems very crazy, but there are a number of small
everyday things we can do to make the world munity centers, parks,
libraries, homeless shelters, hospitals and schools are all places where
students can make a difference through service.
Alisia
Orosco, 10, wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids at University
Children's Hospital in Texas, where her brother had been a patient. She earned
money by doing part-time jobs and used it to buy different toys for the
children in hospital. Now she visits three hospitals every year with bags of
toys. "I hope to help as many kids as I can," Alisia says. "It
makes me happy to make them smile. "
High
school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some
needy children by building a playground at a worker's camp. They got a lot of
help from a building supply store which provided free building materials for
the project.
Teens
in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people
with no homes can get free food. But there wasn't one. They created a one-day
soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the
rest home. Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the
poor in their community. Because of their efforts and success, a permanent soup
kitchen was created with the $ 10,000 National award they received from
Newman's Own.
High
school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a
job fair they held at the area's largest homeless shelter. At least nine of the
adults later found jobs.
（1）Every year Alisia visits three hospitals with bags of toys in order to _________.
A．sell her different toys B．look for part-time jobs
C．look after her sick brother D．bring cheer to the sick kids
（2）The one-day soup kitchen created by teens in New Jersey _________.
A．received high praise B．cost $ 10,000 to build
C．got help from 60 people D．was aimed at children
（3）Which of the following can best describe the students mentioned in the text
A．Kind. B．Brave. C．Proud. D．Crazy.
（4）Where was a playground built for needy children
A．In Texas. B．In a town of Washington.
C．In New Jersey. D．In Las Vegas.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述几个事例说明了小事情也可以产生大影响，从而让世界更美好。
（1）根据第二段中的“Alisia Orosco, 10, wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids(艾丽西娅·奥罗斯科，10岁，想向生病的孩子展示她的爱和关心)”以及to make them smile(为了让他们笑)”可知，Alisia Orosco每年去医院给生病的孩子们送玩具，是为了给他们带来欢乐。故选D。
（2）根据第四段的“They created a one-day soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the rest home. Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the poor in their community. Because of their efforts and success, a permanent soup kitchen was created with the $ 10,000 National award they received from Newman's Own. ( 他们创建了一个一日施粥厨房，能够养活60名穷人，并允许他们把剩下的带回家。 他们的努力让更多的人了解了他们社区穷人的巨大需求。 由于他们的努力和成功，建立了一个永久的施粥厨房，他们从纽曼自己那里得到的1万美元的国家奖励)”可知，New Jersey的青少年创办的一日施粥所让更多的人了解到了穷人的需求，同时由于他们的努力和成功，他们也获得了一万美元的奖励。由此可推断，孩子们创办的一日施粥得到了高度赞扬。故选A。
（3）根据第三段的“High school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a worker's camp. ”（华盛顿一个小镇的高中学生通过在一个工人营地建造一个操场，给贫困儿童的生活带来了改变），第四段的“Teens in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people with no homes can get free food. ”（新泽西州的青少年决定在当地的施粥场提供帮助，在那里那些无家可归的人可以免费得到食物）和最后一段的“High school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a job fair they held at the area's largest homeless shelter. ”（拉斯维加斯的高中学生在当地最大的无家可归者收容所举行的招聘会上帮助30个无家可归的成人准备简历）可知，文章提到的这些学生用他们的行动表达了对弱者的关心和帮助，是他们的善心让世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这些学生是善良的。故选A。
（4）根据第三段的第一句“High school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a workers camp. ( 华盛顿一个城镇的高中生通过在工人营地建造一个操场来改变一些贫困儿童的生活)”可知，在华盛顿的一个城镇，为贫困儿童建造了一个操场。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两大常考题型。是一篇社会类说明文。要求学生在理解原文大意的前提下，捕捉具体信息，通过上下文语境和在细节事实的基础上进行推理判断，从而选出正确的答案。
3．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
We
do not usually think about how our language works. Talking is such a natural,
everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works. When
we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to
understand our conversations. Words can mean so many different things. However,
it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First,
the speaking situation helps make words more particular. For example, the word
"dog" can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream. It can also
be used to discuss a neighbor's dog. No language has a separate word for the
idea "dog that I saw yesterday" and another word for the idea
"dog that I saw in a dream". This is because the speaking situation
makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words. So, when you have a
conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your
neighbor what the word "dog" probably means in that situation.
The
speaking situation also helps make language clearer. For example, the word
"bank" has two possible meanings. It can mean "a place where
people keep money", but it can also mean "the side of a river". So
the sentence "I went to the bank. " Is not clear. It could mean I
went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my
money is kept. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the
mountains, others probably know that "bank" means "the side of a
river".
The
things that speakers say may not always be clear. Sometimes the words are not
very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning. Other times
words may have many meanings. Then the speaking situation limits the right
meaning. This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to
understand language.
（1）The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
（2）According to the passage, we can safely say that _________.
A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．the speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
（3）By using the example of the word "dog", the writer wants to show that _______.
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
（4）According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word "bank", by referring to _____.
A．the attitude of the speakers in the conversation
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，许多单词都有不同的意思，这就需要人们根据语境来判断单词的具体含义，并用dog、bank举例，进一步讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
（1）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work. ”（然而，事实证明，说话的情境对语言的发挥很有帮助。）可知，文章主要讲述了说话的情境是如何帮助语言发挥作用的。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We do not usually think about how our language works. Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works. ”（我们通常不去思考我们的语言是如何运作的。说话是一种很自然的日常活动，我们不会经常停下来思考它到底是如何运作的。）可知，根据这篇文章，我们可以有把握地说，人们经常不考虑说话是如何运作的。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular. ”（首先，说话的情境有助于使单词更具体。）和下文的For example可知，作者以“dog”一词为例，想说明说话的情境有助于人们理解一个词的特殊含义。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段“However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that "bank" means "the side of a river". ”（然而，如果说话者谈论的是钓鱼或去爬山，其他人可能知道“bank”的意思是“河边”。）可知，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三种常考题型，是一篇文化类说明文。要求考生在理解文章大意的前提下，捕捉具体信息，立足原文，通过上下文语境进行分析、对比、归纳和合理的推断，避免出现以偏概全或者常识性的错误，选出正确的答案。
4．（2019高一下·湘东期中）阅读理解
Grown-ups
are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as
children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to
go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the
water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can
play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought
about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,
twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the
Three Bears.
One
explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we
have learned something, additional learning experiences increase the length of
time we will remember it.
In
childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle
riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to
listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”
and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but
overlearn.
The
multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather
quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the
things we overlearn in childhood.
The
law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may
result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.
By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the
examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A
little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future
development.
（1）What's the main idea of Paragraph 1
A．Stories for children are easy to remember.
B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
（2）The author explains the law of overlearning by _______.
A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules
C．using examples D．making a comparison
（3）According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______.
A．a result of overlearning
B．a special case of cramming
C．a skill to deal with math problems
D．a basic step towards advanced studies
（4）What is the author's opinion on cramming
A．It leads to failure in college exams.
B．It's helpful only in a limited way.
C．It's possible to result in poor memory.
D．It increases students' learning interest.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是超量学习及超量学习（学习到熟记的地步）的法则。超量学习就是我们曾经学习的一些东西，额外学习如何增加记忆的时间。额外学习法则表现在考试前的突击学习。
（1）考查段落大意。第一段主要讲述大人们在儿时学会的东西，即使多年不复习还是可以记得很清楚。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。作者在解释超量学习法则的时候，运用了乘法口诀和考试前突击学习的例子。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”因为这是我们儿时超量学习的另一个结果。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”通过突击学习，学生可以通过考试，但是很快就会忘记所学。这种方式仅适用于考前，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二、任务型阅读
5．（2018高二下·长沙期末）任务型阅读
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　 　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　 　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 　
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
　 　 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】F；C；A；E；G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，分析了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据。人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报．生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.”当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒；再根据空后“Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.”有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事．也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring”．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀．这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去．故选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．”也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢．这要依据你的性格．故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.“科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈；再根据空后“To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.”为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望．而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候．故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.”不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样．故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应．故选G。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三、完形填空
6．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）完形填空
The
journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is
beautiful.
Cathy
suffered some terrible （1） in her early childhood. After years of
regular treatment, she finally became healthy. Two years ago, while Cathy was
watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head to be a swimmer.
Last summer, she wanted to （2） our local swim team. She practiced hard
and finally （3） it. The team practice, however, was a
rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly （4） her
first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to （5） her
from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit （6） to
go! I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole nights coughing, but she
refused to （7） and insisted she go.
From
that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't （8） a single practice. She
had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be. My
ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this （9） human
being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of frustration of
course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for
Cathy to accept that she wasn't a （10） —ever. But that didn't stop her
from trying.
Then
came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn't expect any
award but was still there to （11） her friends and praise their
accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head
coach （12） , "The highest honor goes to
Cathy!" Looking around, he continued, "Cathy has inspired us with her （13） and
enthusiasm. （14） skills and talents bring great success,
the most valuable asset (财富) one can
hold is the heart. "
It
was the greatest moment of my daughter's life. With all she had been （15） in
her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph (成功).
（1）A．failure B．pressure C．loss D．illness
（2）A．improve B．train C．join D．contact
（3）A．increased B．found C．created D．made
（4）A．use B．survive C．save D．waste
（5）A．pull B．tell C．judge D．recover
（6）A．afraid B．nervous C．ready D．free
（7）A．take off B．set off C．give up D．show up
（8）A．attend B．miss C．ban D．start
（9）A．trusted B．determined C．experienced D．embarrassed
（10）A．beginner B．learner C．partner D．winner
（11）A．cheer on B．compete
with C．respond to D．run after
（12）A．admitting B．explaining C．announcing D．whispering
（13）A．humor B．will C．honesty D．wisdom
（14）A．Although B．Since C．Once D．Because
（15）A．through B．under C．across D．around
【答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）D；（4）B；（5）A；（6）C；（7）C；（8）B；（9）B；（10）D；（11）A；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）A
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己十岁的女儿在童年遭受病痛之苦，在接受治疗之后好转，之后决心做一个游泳选手，虽然身体不适，还是坚持训练，虽然经常是比赛的最后一名，但是一直不放弃。最后总教练的一番话给予Cathy最大的奖励和肯定。
（1）句意：Cathy幼年时患过重病。A. failure失败；B. pressure压力；C. loss损失；D. illness疾病。根据“After years of regular treatment”可知，Cathy在童年的时候，得了可怕的疾病。故选D。
（2）句意：去年夏天，她想加入我们当地的游泳队。A. improve提高，改善；B. train训练；C. join加入；D. contact接触，联系。根据上文“a dream came into her sweet little head”可知，她想参加我们当地的游泳队。故选C。
（3）句意：她努力练习，终于成功了。A. increased增加；B. found找到，发现；C. created创造；D. made制作。根据上文“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it为固定短语，意为“做到，成功”。故选D。
（4）句意：她又咳又呛，头几个星期几乎活不下来。A. use使用；B. survive生存，存活；C. save拯救；D. waste浪费。根据上文“She coughed and choked”可知，她咳嗽，窒息，差点没能熬过前几个星期。故选B。
（5）句意：一天晚上听到她咳嗽得很厉害，我决定把她从这一切中拉出来。A. pull拉；B. tell告诉；C. judge判断，评判；D. recover恢复。根据“Hearing her coughing bitterly one night”可知，我决定让她彻底退出。故选A。
（6）句意：但是Cathy第二天一大早就叫醒我，穿着她的泳衣准备出发！A. afraid害怕的；B. nervous紧张的；C. ready准备好的；D. free免费的，自由的。根据“wearing her swimsuit”可知，她穿着游泳衣准备走。故选C。
（7）句意：我告诉她在咳嗽了一整夜后不应该游泳，但她拒绝放弃，坚持要去。A. take off起飞，脱下；B. set off出发；C. give up放弃；D. show up出现。根据“but she refused to…and insisted she go”可知，她拒绝放弃。故选C。
（8）句意：从那天起，Cathy就坚持游泳，一次练习都没错过。A. attend参加；B. miss错过，思念；C. ban禁止；D. start开始。根据“kept swimming”可知，Cathy一直在训练，没有错过一次训练。故选B。
（9）句意：我十岁的孩子就在我的眼前成长和改变着，变成了一个坚定的、充满激情和使命的人。A. trusted信任；B. determined有决心的；C. experienced有经验的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“with a passion and a mission”可知，我十岁的女儿成长为一个有决心的人。故选B。
（10）句意：Cathy很难接受她从来都不是胜利者。A. beginner初学者；B. learner学习者；C. partner伙伴；D. winner获胜者。根据上文“the last swimmer”可知，要Cathy接受她不是获胜者很难。故选D。
（11）句意：Cathy并没有期望获得任何奖项，但她仍然在那里为她的朋友们加油，并赞扬他们的成就。A. cheer on欢呼；B. compete with与……竞争；C. respond to对……作出反应；D. run after追逐。根据下文“praise their accomplishments”可知，Cathy在那里为队友加油鼓劲。故选A。
（12）句意：当仪式快结束时，我突然听到总教练宣布:“最高荣誉颁给Cathy!”A. admitting承认；B. explaining解释；C. announcing宣布；D. whispering小声说。根据下文总教练说的话“"The highest honor goes to Cathy!"”可知，这里是总教练宣布的事情。故选C。
（13）句意：他环顾四周，继续说道:“Cathy用她的意志和热情激励了我们。”A. humor幽默；B. will意志；C. honesty诚实；D. wisdom智慧。根据全文描述可知，教练说：Cathy用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。故选B。
（14）句意：虽然技能和才能带来巨大的成功，但一个人能拥有的最有价值的资产是心。A. Although尽管；B. Since自从；C. Once一旦；D. Because因为。根据下文the most valuable asset…可知，虽然技巧和才能带来巨大成功，但是一个人能拥有的最珍贵的财富是（坚强的）内心。故选A。
（15）句意：她这十年来经历了那么多，现在正是真正成功的时刻。A. through通过（内部），经历；B. under在……下面；C. across穿过（表面）；D. around在……周围。由于这十年她所经历的一切，这是她真正成功的时候。故选A。
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本题考点涉及名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、从属连词和介词等词的词义辨析，是一篇人物故事类记叙文，要求考生跳过空格，了解大意，通过瞻前顾后，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，辨别词汇的差异，结合词汇复现、常识等技巧选出正确答案。
四、用单词的适当形式完成句子
7．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The tennis players need
total 　 　 (concentrate) during the match. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】concentration
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在比赛中，网球运动员需要全神贯注。分析可知，此处应用名词作need的宾语，concentration“专心”，抽象概念，不可数。故填concentration。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生在分析句子结构的前提下，正确使用名词concentration。
8．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Her illness has reached an
　 　 (advance) stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】advanced
【知识点】语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：她的病已到晚期。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，再结合句意“晚期的”是advanced。故填advanced。
【点评】考查在语境中正确运用形容词的能力。要求考生在分析句子结构的前提下，在语境中正确运用形容词advanced。
9．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）With his bag 　 　
(pack), he placed it on the desk and went to sleep in case he didn't have
enough time the next morning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】packed
【知识点】分词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：他把包收拾好，放在桌子上然后去睡觉，以防第二天早上没有充足的时间。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语bag和pack之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填packed。
【点评】考查在语境中运用过去分词的能力。要求考生会分析句子结构，识记“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在语境中分辨逻辑主语和非谓语动词的逻辑关系，从而正确运用pack的过去分词。
10．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）As a matter of fact,
illness and age changed him beyond　 　(recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recognition
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：实际上，病魔和岁月使他变得都认不出来了。beyond是介词，后面接名词作宾语；recognize是动词，名词形式为recognition；短语beyond recognition意思为“无法辨认”。故填recognition。
【点评】考查在语境中运用名词的能力。要求考生会分析句子结构，识记介词后用名词做宾语，并正确拼写名词recognition。
11．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）I feel 　 　
(honour) to be here to give you a speech. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】hono (u) red
【知识点】以-ed结尾的形容词；语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我很荣幸能在这里为你们演讲。feel为系动词，空处需填形容词作表语，hono(u)red意为“感到荣幸的”。feel hono(u)red to do sth. 为固定短语，意为“很荣幸做某事”。故填hono (u) red。
【点评】考查形容词，要求考生识记形容词的句法功能，在分析句子结构的前提下，运用形容词honoured做表语。
12．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）There are many things in
different areas 　 　 we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that/ which
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：我们可以在不同的领域做很多事情来减少患艾滋病的危险。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是many things，指物，从句中作动词do的宾语，用关系代词which或者that，故填that/which。
【点评】考查在语境中运用定语从句的能力。要求考生在识记定语从句的语法功能的前提下，分析句子结构，找准先行词以及其在从句中所做的成分，准确运用关系代词which和that。
13．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The medicine is an
　 　 (effect) cure for a headache. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】effective
【知识点】语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这药治头痛很有效。修饰名词用形容词作定语，结合句意，effective“有效的”，符合句意，故填effective。
【点评】考查在语境中运用形容词的能力。要求考生识记形容词effective的意义及其句法功能，在语境中正确运用形容词effective做定语。
14．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Beach stone tablet tea
has a long history, 　 　 (date) back 1,300 years. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】dating
【知识点】分词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：石碑茶有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1300年前。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词has，空处需填非谓语动词形式作状语，Beach stone tablet tea和date为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填dating。
【点评】考查在语境中运用现在分词做状语的能力。要求考生识记date back的意义和特定的用法：没有被动，所以，作状语时一般使用现在分词形式。
15．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）He graduated from
university last year and 　 　 (work) in our company ever since. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】has been working/has worked
【知识点】现在完成时；现在完成进行时；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：他去年大学毕业后就一直在我们公司工作。根据时间状语ever since可知，此处使用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或者表示动作从过去持续到现在并将持续下去，主语为he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has worked/has been working。
【点评】考查在语境中运用时态和主谓一致的能力。要求考生识记现在完成时的时间状语和基本结构，通过分析句子结构，找到主语，正确运用现在完成时和主谓一致。
16．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The doctor-patient
relationship should 　 　 (base) on trust, and therefore honesty is
essential. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】be based
【知识点】动词的语态；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：医患关系应该建立在信任的基础上，因此诚实是基本的。分析可知，此处为句子谓语动词，主语The doctor-patient relationship与base是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词should后表被动，应用be done。故填be based。
【点评】考查在语境中运用被动语态的能力。要求考生识记be based on的基本用法和结构，在情态动词后要用动词原形。
17．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）They said that due to the
　 　(globe) warming the forest is producing additional tons of wood each
year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】global
【知识点】作前置定语；语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他们说由于全球变暖，森林每年都额外产出大量木材。“the _______ warming”中“warming”为名词“暖和”，前应填形容词作定语，意为全球变暖。故填global。
【点评】考查在语境中运用形容词的能力。要求考生识记globe和形容词global的词性转换，以及通过分析句子成分，正确使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。
18．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Women officers make
　 　 13 percent of the police force. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】up
【知识点】动词的固定搭配；语法填空；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：女警官占警察队伍的13%。根据句意“组成”和空前的make可知，此处为固定短语make up，故填up。
【点评】考查在语境中运用动词短语的能力。要求考生能识记动词短语make up的搭配及其意义，并在具体语境中正确使用。
19．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The meeting aimed at
strengthening safety 　 　 (aware) of the employees. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】awareness
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这次会议的目的是加强员工的安全意识。分析句子结构，空处需填名词作宾语，aware的名词形式是awareness，意为“意识”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生注意分辨名词的功能，并且能通过构词法拼写出aware的名词形式awareness。
20．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Please accept my sincere
　 　 (congratulate) on your marriage. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】congratulations
【知识点】语法填空；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：请接收我对你婚姻的衷心祝贺。分析可知，此处应用名词作accept的宾语，congratulation“祝贺”，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填congratulations。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生识记形容词后用名称，并能正确拼写名词congratulation“祝贺”，以及固定搭配congratulations to sb祝贺某人。
21．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）According to the Guinness
World Records the oldest man in the world is 11l years old, 　 　 now
lives in Japan. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】who
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：根据吉尼斯世界纪录，世界上最老的人是111岁，此人目前生活在日本。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词the oldest man在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。
【点评】考查在语境中运用定语从句的能力。要求考生能够分析句子成分，识记非限制性定语从句的语法功能，能在语境中正确运用who来引导非限制性定语从句。
五、提纲类作文
22．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以"Shall we watch films or read the original works "为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：
1）看电影：省时、易懂；
2）读原著：细节更多、语言优美；
3）你的看法及理由。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Shall we watch films or read
the original works
【答案】Shall we watch films or read the original works
Shall we watch films or read the original works Views are divided.
Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the original work. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
Others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.
Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. What's more, I am able to have a better understanding of the author's ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇议论文。文章要求考生就“应该看电影还是阅读原著”发表自己的观点。第一步：审题；体裁：议论文 ；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法；总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 看电影：省时、易懂；2. 读原著：细节更多、语言优美；3. 你的看法及理由。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）Some…Others…；more lively and beautiful；agree with；stay at home；of my own；what's more；be able to；have a better understanding of；in a word；base on第三步：连词成句1. Shall we watch films or read the original works 2. Views are divided. 3. Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the original work. 4. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. 5. The film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow. 6. Others have just the opposite opinion. 7. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. 8. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. 9. Personally, I agree with the second view. 10. Actually I have more reasons for it. 11. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. 12. I am able to have a better understanding of the author's ideas. 13. To read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1. 表文章结构顺序：In a word2. 表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Meanwhile3. 表转折对比关系：Some…, Others…连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改。
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本书面表达审题准确，要点齐全，层次分明，细节合理，运用了较多的高分词汇和句型，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. 运用了that引导的表语从句； They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. 运用了that引导的宾语从句； I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. 运用了宾语从句和现在分词做状语。
六、读后续写
23．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eric
was working in a selling business. He had been on the road visiting people for
more than a month without going home. He couldn't wait to get back to see his
wife and children. Mother's Day was approaching, and he usually tried to make
it "back home", but this year he was just too busy and too tired. The
day when he was driving in a small town, he saw a flower shop. He said to
himself, "I know what I will do, I'll send my mother some roses. "
He
stopped and went into the flower shop and saw a boy talking to the salesgirl in
it. "How many roses can I get for five dollars. Ms. " the boy asked. The
salesgirl was trying to explain that roses were expensive. Maybe the boy would
be happy with something else.
"No
I have to have roses," he said. "my mom was badly sick last year and
I didn't get to spend much time with her. I want to get something special. It
has to be red roses, because that is her favorite. " He was stubborn.
The
salesgirl in the shop looked up at Eric and was still shaking her head. Something
inside of Eric was touched by the boy's voice. He wanted to get those roses so
badly. Eric had been blessed (幸运的) in his
business, and he winked at the salesgirl and silently said that he would pay
for the boys roses.
The
salesgirl looked at the boy and said, "OK, I will give you a dozen red
roses for your dollars. " The boy almost jumped into the air. He took the
flowers and ran down the store. It was worth more than five dollars just to see
that kind of excitement.
Eric
ordered his own flowers and asked the salesgirl to have it delivered to his
mother. After that, with a relief he drove down the road. Not long after his
driving, he saw the boy walking to a graveyard (墓地).
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Eric
pulled in and followed the boy.
……
Eric
went into the car in tears.
【答案】 Eric pulled in and followed the boy. The boy went up to a small monument, and knelt down. He carefully put the flowers before it and began to sob, "Dear mom, I love you. But how I regret I didn't tell it when you were with me. I knew you loved roses, but why didn't I send the flowers to you when I could still see you and talk with you Now, you have gone to another world. How I regret I didn't tell you I love you so much!"
Eric went into the car in tears. His mother's home wasn't far from the place, but he hadn't seen her for too long. He didn't have a talk with her for too long a time and say how much he loved her for so long a time. He started the car and drove up to the flower shop. He asked the salesgirl to give him the flowers directly because he wanted to send them personally to his mom.
【知识点】其他作文；文字式记叙文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了Eric在母亲节前夕去花店买花时看到一个小男孩为妈妈买红玫瑰，因为小男孩的钱不够，所以售货员没有办法卖给他。听了小男孩说要送花给自己生了重病的妈妈，Eric很感动，决定帮小男孩支付花费。在Eric买完花后不久，他看到小男孩拿着红玫瑰去了墓地。1. 段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Eric跟着小男孩开了进去”可知，第一段可描写Eric在墓地的所见所闻。②由第二段首句内容“Eric哭泣着回到车里”可知，第二段可描写Eric想到了自己母亲，受到小男孩的影响，他决定亲自回去看望妈妈，而不是订一束花。2. 续写线索：跟着小男孩——听到小男孩对妈妈说的话——备受感动——想起了自己的妈妈——决定亲自回家探望 3. 词汇激活；行为类①放置：put/ place②与某人交谈：talk with sb. / talk to sb. / chat with sb. ③ 送：send/ give/ present情绪类①哭泣：sob/ weep.
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本读后续写在语言风格上和原文保持一致，文章层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，且运用了 高级句式和高级词汇，使句子的表达形式多样化，提高了文章的档次。例如： I knew you loved roses, but why didn't I send the flowers to you when I could still see you and talk with you 运用了but连接的并列句和when引导的时间状语从句； He didn't have a talk with her for too long a time and say how much he loved her for so long a time. 运用了how much引导的宾语从句； He asked the salesgirl to give him the flowers directly because he wanted to send them personally to his mom. 运用了because引导的原因状语从句。
1 / 1湖南省师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期英语入学自主检测试卷
一、阅读选择
1．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
Planning
a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your costs.
AVOID
BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost
of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at
the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19
Oct.) cost 169. 15 at . A week later, the same room cost l18. 15.
If
you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid-or you're looking for a big
event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen. com, which allow
you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
STAY
AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train, you may want
to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for
the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.
Don't
be too choosy about the part of town you stay in. Booking two months in
advance, the cheapest room at Travelodge's Central Euston hotel in London for
Saturday 22 September was 95. 95. A room just a tube journey away at its
Covent Garden hotel was 75. 75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just 62.
95.
GET
ON A BIKE London's ‘Boris bikes' have attracted the most attention but other
cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at
your own pace, saving you on public transport or car parking costs.
Among
the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay
around 1. 50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or 5 per
day).
（1）The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may .
A．help travelers pass time
B．attract lots of travelers to the UK
C．allow travelers to make flexible plans
D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation
（2）"Farringdon" in Paragraph 5 is most probably .
A．the tube line to Covent Garden
B．an ideal holiday destination
C．a hotel away from the train station
D．the name of a travel agency
（3）The main purpose of the passage is .
A．to offer visitors some money-saving tips
B．to tell visitors how to book in advance
C．to supply visitors with hotel information
D．to show visitors the importance of self-help
2．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
The
idea of changing the world seems very crazy, but there are a number of small
everyday things we can do to make the world munity centers, parks,
libraries, homeless shelters, hospitals and schools are all places where
students can make a difference through service.
Alisia
Orosco, 10, wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids at University
Children's Hospital in Texas, where her brother had been a patient. She earned
money by doing part-time jobs and used it to buy different toys for the
children in hospital. Now she visits three hospitals every year with bags of
toys. "I hope to help as many kids as I can," Alisia says. "It
makes me happy to make them smile. "
High
school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some
needy children by building a playground at a worker's camp. They got a lot of
help from a building supply store which provided free building materials for
the project.
Teens
in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people
with no homes can get free food. But there wasn't one. They created a one-day
soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the
rest home. Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the
poor in their community. Because of their efforts and success, a permanent soup
kitchen was created with the $ 10,000 National award they received from
Newman's Own.
High
school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a
job fair they held at the area's largest homeless shelter. At least nine of the
adults later found jobs.
（1）Every year Alisia visits three hospitals with bags of toys in order to _________.
A．sell her different toys B．look for part-time jobs
C．look after her sick brother D．bring cheer to the sick kids
（2）The one-day soup kitchen created by teens in New Jersey _________.
A．received high praise B．cost $ 10,000 to build
C．got help from 60 people D．was aimed at children
（3）Which of the following can best describe the students mentioned in the text
A．Kind. B．Brave. C．Proud. D．Crazy.
（4）Where was a playground built for needy children
A．In Texas. B．In a town of Washington.
C．In New Jersey. D．In Las Vegas.
3．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读理解
We
do not usually think about how our language works. Talking is such a natural,
everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works. When
we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to
understand our conversations. Words can mean so many different things. However,
it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First,
the speaking situation helps make words more particular. For example, the word
"dog" can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream. It can also
be used to discuss a neighbor's dog. No language has a separate word for the
idea "dog that I saw yesterday" and another word for the idea
"dog that I saw in a dream". This is because the speaking situation
makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words. So, when you have a
conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your
neighbor what the word "dog" probably means in that situation.
The
speaking situation also helps make language clearer. For example, the word
"bank" has two possible meanings. It can mean "a place where
people keep money", but it can also mean "the side of a river". So
the sentence "I went to the bank. " Is not clear. It could mean I
went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my
money is kept. However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the
mountains, others probably know that "bank" means "the side of a
river".
The
things that speakers say may not always be clear. Sometimes the words are not
very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning. Other times
words may have many meanings. Then the speaking situation limits the right
meaning. This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to
understand language.
（1）The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
（2）According to the passage, we can safely say that _________.
A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words
B．speaking is not very natural for most people
C．the speaking situation is not important
D．people often do not consider how talking works
（3）By using the example of the word "dog", the writer wants to show that _______.
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
（4）According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word "bank", by referring to _____.
A．the attitude of the speakers in the conversation
B．the occupation of the person who uses the word
C．earlier or later parts of the conversation
D．a reliable dictionary
4．（2019高一下·湘东期中）阅读理解
Grown-ups
are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as
children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to
go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the
water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can
play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought
about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,
twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the
Three Bears.
One
explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we
have learned something, additional learning experiences increase the length of
time we will remember it.
In
childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle
riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to
listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”
and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but
overlearn.
The
multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather
quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the
things we overlearn in childhood.
The
law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may
result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.
By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the
examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A
little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future
development.
（1）What's the main idea of Paragraph 1
A．Stories for children are easy to remember.
B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
（2）The author explains the law of overlearning by _______.
A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules
C．using examples D．making a comparison
（3）According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _______.
A．a result of overlearning
B．a special case of cramming
C．a skill to deal with math problems
D．a basic step towards advanced studies
（4）What is the author's opinion on cramming
A．It leads to failure in college exams.
B．It's helpful only in a limited way.
C．It's possible to result in poor memory.
D．It increases students' learning interest.
二、任务型阅读
5．（2018高二下·长沙期末）任务型阅读
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　 　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　 　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 　
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
　 　 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
三、完形填空
6．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）完形填空
The
journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is
beautiful.
Cathy
suffered some terrible （1） in her early childhood. After years of
regular treatment, she finally became healthy. Two years ago, while Cathy was
watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head to be a swimmer.
Last summer, she wanted to （2） our local swim team. She practiced hard
and finally （3） it. The team practice, however, was a
rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly （4） her
first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to （5） her
from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit （6） to
go! I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole nights coughing, but she
refused to （7） and insisted she go.
From
that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't （8） a single practice. She
had a firm intention within herself to be the best she could be. My
ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this （9） human
being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of frustration of
course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for
Cathy to accept that she wasn't a （10） —ever. But that didn't stop her
from trying.
Then
came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn't expect any
award but was still there to （11） her friends and praise their
accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head
coach （12） , "The highest honor goes to
Cathy!" Looking around, he continued, "Cathy has inspired us with her （13） and
enthusiasm. （14） skills and talents bring great success,
the most valuable asset (财富) one can
hold is the heart. "
It
was the greatest moment of my daughter's life. With all she had been （15） in
her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph (成功).
（1）A．failure B．pressure C．loss D．illness
（2）A．improve B．train C．join D．contact
（3）A．increased B．found C．created D．made
（4）A．use B．survive C．save D．waste
（5）A．pull B．tell C．judge D．recover
（6）A．afraid B．nervous C．ready D．free
（7）A．take off B．set off C．give up D．show up
（8）A．attend B．miss C．ban D．start
（9）A．trusted B．determined C．experienced D．embarrassed
（10）A．beginner B．learner C．partner D．winner
（11）A．cheer on B．compete
with C．respond to D．run after
（12）A．admitting B．explaining C．announcing D．whispering
（13）A．humor B．will C．honesty D．wisdom
（14）A．Although B．Since C．Once D．Because
（15）A．through B．under C．across D．around
四、用单词的适当形式完成句子
7．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The tennis players need
total 　 　 (concentrate) during the match. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Her illness has reached an
　 　 (advance) stage. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）With his bag 　 　
(pack), he placed it on the desk and went to sleep in case he didn't have
enough time the next morning. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）As a matter of fact,
illness and age changed him beyond　 　(recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）I feel 　 　
(honour) to be here to give you a speech. （所给词的适当形式填空）
12．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）There are many things in
different areas 　 　 we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS. （用适当的词填空）
13．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The medicine is an
　 　 (effect) cure for a headache. （所给词的适当形式填空）
14．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Beach stone tablet tea
has a long history, 　 　 (date) back 1,300 years. （所给词的适当形式填空）
15．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）He graduated from
university last year and 　 　 (work) in our company ever since. （所给词的适当形式填空）
16．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The doctor-patient
relationship should 　 　 (base) on trust, and therefore honesty is
essential. （所给词的适当形式填空）
17．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）They said that due to the
　 　(globe) warming the forest is producing additional tons of wood each
year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Women officers make
　 　 13 percent of the police force. （用适当的词填空）
19．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）The meeting aimed at
strengthening safety 　 　 (aware) of the employees. （所给词的适当形式填空）
20．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）Please accept my sincere
　 　 (congratulate) on your marriage. （所给词的适当形式填空）
21．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）According to the Guinness
World Records the oldest man in the world is 11l years old, 　 　 now
lives in Japan. （用适当的词填空）
五、提纲类作文
22．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以"Shall we watch films or read the original works "为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：
1）看电影：省时、易懂；
2）读原著：细节更多、语言优美；
3）你的看法及理由。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Shall we watch films or read
the original works
六、读后续写
23．（2021高一下·湖南开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eric
was working in a selling business. He had been on the road visiting people for
more than a month without going home. He couldn't wait to get back to see his
wife and children. Mother's Day was approaching, and he usually tried to make
it "back home", but this year he was just too busy and too tired. The
day when he was driving in a small town, he saw a flower shop. He said to
himself, "I know what I will do, I'll send my mother some roses. "
He
stopped and went into the flower shop and saw a boy talking to the salesgirl in
it. "How many roses can I get for five dollars. Ms. " the boy asked. The
salesgirl was trying to explain that roses were expensive. Maybe the boy would
be happy with something else.
"No
I have to have roses," he said. "my mom was badly sick last year and
I didn't get to spend much time with her. I want to get something special. It
has to be red roses, because that is her favorite. " He was stubborn.
The
salesgirl in the shop looked up at Eric and was still shaking her head. Something
inside of Eric was touched by the boy's voice. He wanted to get those roses so
badly. Eric had been blessed (幸运的) in his
business, and he winked at the salesgirl and silently said that he would pay
for the boys roses.
The
salesgirl looked at the boy and said, "OK, I will give you a dozen red
roses for your dollars. " The boy almost jumped into the air. He took the
flowers and ran down the store. It was worth more than five dollars just to see
that kind of excitement.
Eric
ordered his own flowers and asked the salesgirl to have it delivered to his
mother. After that, with a relief he drove down the road. Not long after his
driving, he saw the boy walking to a graveyard (墓地).
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Eric
pulled in and followed the boy.
……
Eric
went into the car in tears.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章作者对于去欧洲旅行的游客，给出了一些省钱的建议。
（1）答案定位在AVOID BIG EVENTS部分 Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. （大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览会增加住宿成本，让人更难找到房间。）故选D。
（2）答案定位在STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION部分可知，后面用几个较便宜的旅馆来举例说明黑体部分，即一家离火车站很远的旅馆，故选C。
（3）答案定位在第一段Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your costs. 可知这篇文章的主要目的是给游客一些省钱的建议，故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两大常考题型，是一篇生活类应用文。要求考生在读懂文章大意的前提下，通过题干的关键词快速定位到原文，并对比选项内容，进行推理判断，选出正确的答案。
2．【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述几个事例说明了小事情也可以产生大影响，从而让世界更美好。
（1）根据第二段中的“Alisia Orosco, 10, wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids(艾丽西娅·奥罗斯科，10岁，想向生病的孩子展示她的爱和关心)”以及to make them smile(为了让他们笑)”可知，Alisia Orosco每年去医院给生病的孩子们送玩具，是为了给他们带来欢乐。故选D。
（2）根据第四段的“They created a one-day soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the rest home. Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the poor in their community. Because of their efforts and success, a permanent soup kitchen was created with the $ 10,000 National award they received from Newman's Own. ( 他们创建了一个一日施粥厨房，能够养活60名穷人，并允许他们把剩下的带回家。 他们的努力让更多的人了解了他们社区穷人的巨大需求。 由于他们的努力和成功，建立了一个永久的施粥厨房，他们从纽曼自己那里得到的1万美元的国家奖励)”可知，New Jersey的青少年创办的一日施粥所让更多的人了解到了穷人的需求，同时由于他们的努力和成功，他们也获得了一万美元的奖励。由此可推断，孩子们创办的一日施粥得到了高度赞扬。故选A。
（3）根据第三段的“High school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a worker's camp. ”（华盛顿一个小镇的高中学生通过在一个工人营地建造一个操场，给贫困儿童的生活带来了改变），第四段的“Teens in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people with no homes can get free food. ”（新泽西州的青少年决定在当地的施粥场提供帮助，在那里那些无家可归的人可以免费得到食物）和最后一段的“High school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a job fair they held at the area's largest homeless shelter. ”（拉斯维加斯的高中学生在当地最大的无家可归者收容所举行的招聘会上帮助30个无家可归的成人准备简历）可知，文章提到的这些学生用他们的行动表达了对弱者的关心和帮助，是他们的善心让世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这些学生是善良的。故选A。
（4）根据第三段的第一句“High school students in a town of Washington made a difference to the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a workers camp. ( 华盛顿一个城镇的高中生通过在工人营地建造一个操场来改变一些贫困儿童的生活)”可知，在华盛顿的一个城镇，为贫困儿童建造了一个操场。故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两大常考题型。是一篇社会类说明文。要求学生在理解原文大意的前提下，捕捉具体信息，通过上下文语境和在细节事实的基础上进行推理判断，从而选出正确的答案。
3．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，许多单词都有不同的意思，这就需要人们根据语境来判断单词的具体含义，并用dog、bank举例，进一步讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。
（1）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work. ”（然而，事实证明，说话的情境对语言的发挥很有帮助。）可知，文章主要讲述了说话的情境是如何帮助语言发挥作用的。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We do not usually think about how our language works. Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works. ”（我们通常不去思考我们的语言是如何运作的。说话是一种很自然的日常活动，我们不会经常停下来思考它到底是如何运作的。）可知，根据这篇文章，我们可以有把握地说，人们经常不考虑说话是如何运作的。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular. ”（首先，说话的情境有助于使单词更具体。）和下文的For example可知，作者以“dog”一词为例，想说明说话的情境有助于人们理解一个词的特殊含义。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段“However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that "bank" means "the side of a river". ”（然而，如果说话者谈论的是钓鱼或去爬山，其他人可能知道“bank”的意思是“河边”。）可知，作者用bank一词举例说明对话中这个词之前或之后的部分决定了这个词的含义。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，本题考点涉及细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意三种常考题型，是一篇文化类说明文。要求考生在理解文章大意的前提下，捕捉具体信息，立足原文，通过上下文语境进行分析、对比、归纳和合理的推断，避免出现以偏概全或者常识性的错误，选出正确的答案。
4．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是超量学习及超量学习（学习到熟记的地步）的法则。超量学习就是我们曾经学习的一些东西，额外学习如何增加记忆的时间。额外学习法则表现在考试前的突击学习。
（1）考查段落大意。第一段主要讲述大人们在儿时学会的东西，即使多年不复习还是可以记得很清楚。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。作者在解释超量学习法则的时候，运用了乘法口诀和考试前突击学习的例子。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”因为这是我们儿时超量学习的另一个结果。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”通过突击学习，学生可以通过考试，但是很快就会忘记所学。这种方式仅适用于考前，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．【答案】F；C；A；E；G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，分析了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据。人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报．生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.”当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒；再根据空后“Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.”有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事．也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring”．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀．这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去．故选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．”也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢．这要依据你的性格．故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.“科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈；再根据空后“To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.”为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望．而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候．故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.”不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样．故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应．故选G。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．【答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）D；（4）B；（5）A；（6）C；（7）C；（8）B；（9）B；（10）D；（11）A；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）A
【知识点】人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己十岁的女儿在童年遭受病痛之苦，在接受治疗之后好转，之后决心做一个游泳选手，虽然身体不适，还是坚持训练，虽然经常是比赛的最后一名，但是一直不放弃。最后总教练的一番话给予Cathy最大的奖励和肯定。
（1）句意：Cathy幼年时患过重病。A. failure失败；B. pressure压力；C. loss损失；D. illness疾病。根据“After years of regular treatment”可知，Cathy在童年的时候，得了可怕的疾病。故选D。
（2）句意：去年夏天，她想加入我们当地的游泳队。A. improve提高，改善；B. train训练；C. join加入；D. contact接触，联系。根据上文“a dream came into her sweet little head”可知，她想参加我们当地的游泳队。故选C。
（3）句意：她努力练习，终于成功了。A. increased增加；B. found找到，发现；C. created创造；D. made制作。根据上文“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it为固定短语，意为“做到，成功”。故选D。
（4）句意：她又咳又呛，头几个星期几乎活不下来。A. use使用；B. survive生存，存活；C. save拯救；D. waste浪费。根据上文“She coughed and choked”可知，她咳嗽，窒息，差点没能熬过前几个星期。故选B。
（5）句意：一天晚上听到她咳嗽得很厉害，我决定把她从这一切中拉出来。A. pull拉；B. tell告诉；C. judge判断，评判；D. recover恢复。根据“Hearing her coughing bitterly one night”可知，我决定让她彻底退出。故选A。
（6）句意：但是Cathy第二天一大早就叫醒我，穿着她的泳衣准备出发！A. afraid害怕的；B. nervous紧张的；C. ready准备好的；D. free免费的，自由的。根据“wearing her swimsuit”可知，她穿着游泳衣准备走。故选C。
（7）句意：我告诉她在咳嗽了一整夜后不应该游泳，但她拒绝放弃，坚持要去。A. take off起飞，脱下；B. set off出发；C. give up放弃；D. show up出现。根据“but she refused to…and insisted she go”可知，她拒绝放弃。故选C。
（8）句意：从那天起，Cathy就坚持游泳，一次练习都没错过。A. attend参加；B. miss错过，思念；C. ban禁止；D. start开始。根据“kept swimming”可知，Cathy一直在训练，没有错过一次训练。故选B。
（9）句意：我十岁的孩子就在我的眼前成长和改变着，变成了一个坚定的、充满激情和使命的人。A. trusted信任；B. determined有决心的；C. experienced有经验的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“with a passion and a mission”可知，我十岁的女儿成长为一个有决心的人。故选B。
（10）句意：Cathy很难接受她从来都不是胜利者。A. beginner初学者；B. learner学习者；C. partner伙伴；D. winner获胜者。根据上文“the last swimmer”可知，要Cathy接受她不是获胜者很难。故选D。
（11）句意：Cathy并没有期望获得任何奖项，但她仍然在那里为她的朋友们加油，并赞扬他们的成就。A. cheer on欢呼；B. compete with与……竞争；C. respond to对……作出反应；D. run after追逐。根据下文“praise their accomplishments”可知，Cathy在那里为队友加油鼓劲。故选A。
（12）句意：当仪式快结束时，我突然听到总教练宣布:“最高荣誉颁给Cathy!”A. admitting承认；B. explaining解释；C. announcing宣布；D. whispering小声说。根据下文总教练说的话“"The highest honor goes to Cathy!"”可知，这里是总教练宣布的事情。故选C。
（13）句意：他环顾四周，继续说道:“Cathy用她的意志和热情激励了我们。”A. humor幽默；B. will意志；C. honesty诚实；D. wisdom智慧。根据全文描述可知，教练说：Cathy用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。故选B。
（14）句意：虽然技能和才能带来巨大的成功，但一个人能拥有的最有价值的资产是心。A. Although尽管；B. Since自从；C. Once一旦；D. Because因为。根据下文the most valuable asset…可知，虽然技巧和才能带来巨大成功，但是一个人能拥有的最珍贵的财富是（坚强的）内心。故选A。
（15）句意：她这十年来经历了那么多，现在正是真正成功的时刻。A. through通过（内部），经历；B. under在……下面；C. across穿过（表面）；D. around在……周围。由于这十年她所经历的一切，这是她真正成功的时候。故选A。
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本题考点涉及名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、从属连词和介词等词的词义辨析，是一篇人物故事类记叙文，要求考生跳过空格，了解大意，通过瞻前顾后，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，辨别词汇的差异，结合词汇复现、常识等技巧选出正确答案。
7．【答案】concentration
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在比赛中，网球运动员需要全神贯注。分析可知，此处应用名词作need的宾语，concentration“专心”，抽象概念，不可数。故填concentration。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生在分析句子结构的前提下，正确使用名词concentration。
8．【答案】advanced
【知识点】语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：她的病已到晚期。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，再结合句意“晚期的”是advanced。故填advanced。
【点评】考查在语境中正确运用形容词的能力。要求考生在分析句子结构的前提下，在语境中正确运用形容词advanced。
9．【答案】packed
【知识点】分词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：他把包收拾好，放在桌子上然后去睡觉，以防第二天早上没有充足的时间。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语bag和pack之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填packed。
【点评】考查在语境中运用过去分词的能力。要求考生会分析句子结构，识记“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在语境中分辨逻辑主语和非谓语动词的逻辑关系，从而正确运用pack的过去分词。
10．【答案】recognition
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：实际上，病魔和岁月使他变得都认不出来了。beyond是介词，后面接名词作宾语；recognize是动词，名词形式为recognition；短语beyond recognition意思为“无法辨认”。故填recognition。
【点评】考查在语境中运用名词的能力。要求考生会分析句子结构，识记介词后用名词做宾语，并正确拼写名词recognition。
11．【答案】hono (u) red
【知识点】以-ed结尾的形容词；语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我很荣幸能在这里为你们演讲。feel为系动词，空处需填形容词作表语，hono(u)red意为“感到荣幸的”。feel hono(u)red to do sth. 为固定短语，意为“很荣幸做某事”。故填hono (u) red。
【点评】考查形容词，要求考生识记形容词的句法功能，在分析句子结构的前提下，运用形容词honoured做表语。
12．【答案】that/ which
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：我们可以在不同的领域做很多事情来减少患艾滋病的危险。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是many things，指物，从句中作动词do的宾语，用关系代词which或者that，故填that/which。
【点评】考查在语境中运用定语从句的能力。要求考生在识记定语从句的语法功能的前提下，分析句子结构，找准先行词以及其在从句中所做的成分，准确运用关系代词which和that。
13．【答案】effective
【知识点】语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这药治头痛很有效。修饰名词用形容词作定语，结合句意，effective“有效的”，符合句意，故填effective。
【点评】考查在语境中运用形容词的能力。要求考生识记形容词effective的意义及其句法功能，在语境中正确运用形容词effective做定语。
14．【答案】dating
【知识点】分词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：石碑茶有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1300年前。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词has，空处需填非谓语动词形式作状语，Beach stone tablet tea和date为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填dating。
【点评】考查在语境中运用现在分词做状语的能力。要求考生识记date back的意义和特定的用法：没有被动，所以，作状语时一般使用现在分词形式。
15．【答案】has been working/has worked
【知识点】现在完成时；现在完成进行时；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：他去年大学毕业后就一直在我们公司工作。根据时间状语ever since可知，此处使用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或者表示动作从过去持续到现在并将持续下去，主语为he，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has worked/has been working。
【点评】考查在语境中运用时态和主谓一致的能力。要求考生识记现在完成时的时间状语和基本结构，通过分析句子结构，找到主语，正确运用现在完成时和主谓一致。
16．【答案】be based
【知识点】动词的语态；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：医患关系应该建立在信任的基础上，因此诚实是基本的。分析可知，此处为句子谓语动词，主语The doctor-patient relationship与base是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词should后表被动，应用be done。故填be based。
【点评】考查在语境中运用被动语态的能力。要求考生识记be based on的基本用法和结构，在情态动词后要用动词原形。
17．【答案】global
【知识点】作前置定语；语法填空；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他们说由于全球变暖，森林每年都额外产出大量木材。“the _______ warming”中“warming”为名词“暖和”，前应填形容词作定语，意为全球变暖。故填global。
【点评】考查在语境中运用形容词的能力。要求考生识记globe和形容词global的词性转换，以及通过分析句子成分，正确使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。
18．【答案】up
【知识点】动词的固定搭配；语法填空；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：女警官占警察队伍的13%。根据句意“组成”和空前的make可知，此处为固定短语make up，故填up。
【点评】考查在语境中运用动词短语的能力。要求考生能识记动词短语make up的搭配及其意义，并在具体语境中正确使用。
19．【答案】awareness
【知识点】语法填空；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这次会议的目的是加强员工的安全意识。分析句子结构，空处需填名词作宾语，aware的名词形式是awareness，意为“意识”，表抽象概念，不可数。故填awareness。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生注意分辨名词的功能，并且能通过构词法拼写出aware的名词形式awareness。
20．【答案】congratulations
【知识点】语法填空；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：请接收我对你婚姻的衷心祝贺。分析可知，此处应用名词作accept的宾语，congratulation“祝贺”，可数名词，常用复数形式。故填congratulations。
【点评】考查在语境中运用词汇的能力。要求考生识记形容词后用名称，并能正确拼写名词congratulation“祝贺”，以及固定搭配congratulations to sb祝贺某人。
21．【答案】who
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：根据吉尼斯世界纪录，世界上最老的人是111岁，此人目前生活在日本。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词the oldest man在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。
【点评】考查在语境中运用定语从句的能力。要求考生能够分析句子成分，识记非限制性定语从句的语法功能，能在语境中正确运用who来引导非限制性定语从句。
22．【答案】Shall we watch films or read the original works
Shall we watch films or read the original works Views are divided.
Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the original work. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
Others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.
Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. What's more, I am able to have a better understanding of the author's ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式议论文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇议论文。文章要求考生就“应该看电影还是阅读原著”发表自己的观点。第一步：审题；体裁：议论文 ；时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法；总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 看电影：省时、易懂；2. 读原著：细节更多、语言优美；3. 你的看法及理由。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）Some…Others…；more lively and beautiful；agree with；stay at home；of my own；what's more；be able to；have a better understanding of；in a word；base on第三步：连词成句1. Shall we watch films or read the original works 2. Views are divided. 3. Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the original work. 4. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. 5. The film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow. 6. Others have just the opposite opinion. 7. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. 8. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. 9. Personally, I agree with the second view. 10. Actually I have more reasons for it. 11. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. 12. I am able to have a better understanding of the author's ideas. 13. To read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1. 表文章结构顺序：In a word2. 表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Meanwhile3. 表转折对比关系：Some…, Others…连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改。
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本书面表达审题准确，要点齐全，层次分明，细节合理，运用了较多的高分词汇和句型，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如： The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. 运用了that引导的表语从句； They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. 运用了that引导的宾语从句； I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a place of my own. 运用了宾语从句和现在分词做状语。
23．【答案】 Eric pulled in and followed the boy. The boy went up to a small monument, and knelt down. He carefully put the flowers before it and began to sob, "Dear mom, I love you. But how I regret I didn't tell it when you were with me. I knew you loved roses, but why didn't I send the flowers to you when I could still see you and talk with you Now, you have gone to another world. How I regret I didn't tell you I love you so much!"
Eric went into the car in tears. His mother's home wasn't far from the place, but he hadn't seen her for too long. He didn't have a talk with her for too long a time and say how much he loved her for so long a time. He started the car and drove up to the flower shop. He asked the salesgirl to give him the flowers directly because he wanted to send them personally to his mom.
【知识点】其他作文；文字式记叙文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了Eric在母亲节前夕去花店买花时看到一个小男孩为妈妈买红玫瑰，因为小男孩的钱不够，所以售货员没有办法卖给他。听了小男孩说要送花给自己生了重病的妈妈，Eric很感动，决定帮小男孩支付花费。在Eric买完花后不久，他看到小男孩拿着红玫瑰去了墓地。1. 段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“Eric跟着小男孩开了进去”可知，第一段可描写Eric在墓地的所见所闻。②由第二段首句内容“Eric哭泣着回到车里”可知，第二段可描写Eric想到了自己母亲，受到小男孩的影响，他决定亲自回去看望妈妈，而不是订一束花。2. 续写线索：跟着小男孩——听到小男孩对妈妈说的话——备受感动——想起了自己的妈妈——决定亲自回家探望 3. 词汇激活；行为类①放置：put/ place②与某人交谈：talk with sb. / talk to sb. / chat with sb. ③ 送：send/ give/ present情绪类①哭泣：sob/ weep.
【点评】考查综合运用英语的能力。本读后续写在语言风格上和原文保持一致，文章层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，且运用了 高级句式和高级词汇，使句子的表达形式多样化，提高了文章的档次。例如： I knew you loved roses, but why didn't I send the flowers to you when I could still see you and talk with you 运用了but连接的并列句和when引导的时间状语从句； He didn't have a talk with her for too long a time and say how much he loved her for so long a time. 运用了how much引导的宾语从句； He asked the salesgirl to give him the flowers directly because he wanted to send them personally to his mom. 运用了because引导的原因状语从句。
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