2012新课标同步导学高一英语课件：4.4（人教·安徽专版必修1）
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| 名称 | 2012新课标同步导学高一英语课件：4.4（人教·安徽专版必修1） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-05-13 10:55:49 | ||
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(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
定语从句(Ⅰ)
一、概念
A plane is a machine
that can fly.
1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.
上面例句中的that can fly即为定语从句，其前面的名词machine是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，that是引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 用 法 例 句
that 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语，指物)
②The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.(作主语，指人)
③The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting.(作宾语，指物)
which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
②The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作宾语)
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语)
②She is not the girl who she was.(作表语)
whom 指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替 ①Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.
②The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.
whose 可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which ①This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人)
②The room whose windows face east is mine.(指物)
＝The room the windows of which face east is mine.
as 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，
such...as..，
as...as...等句型中，as不能省略 ①Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)
②I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语)
三、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
用 法 例 句
1.先行词为不定代词时，如all，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，no one等 ①I have said all (that) I want to say.
②Is there anything (that) I can do for you？
2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰或本身就是最高级、序数词时 ①This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
②We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
3.先行词被the only，the very，the last，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等修饰时 ①This is the very book (that) I want to buy.
②There is little work (that) you can do.
③The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
4.先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the men and the things that they saw.
5.当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时 ①Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
②Who is the man that is reading over there？
6.关系代词作to be的表语时 China isn’t the country (that) it used to be.
7.主句是there be结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导 There is a table in the corner that is folded away.
8.当先行词前有the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时 She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
四、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
用 法 例 句
1.当关系代词前有介词时 This is the house in which he once lived.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时 Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
3.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill time.
4.当先行词本身是that时 The clock is that which tells the time.
定语从句注意事项
1．关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。
①He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词)
②He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词)
2．关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。
The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.
3．the same...as与the same...that引导的定语从句的区别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后者修饰的就是先行词所指的东西。
①This is the same watch as I lost.
这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只)
②This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只)
4．such后可接as引导的定语从句，也可接that引导的结果状语从句。
①I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一支像他在使用的一样的钢笔。(定语从句)
②I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework with it without using others’．我希望得到一支钢笔，这样我就能用它做作业而不用借别人的。(结果状语从句)
Ⅰ.用that，who，whom，which，whose完成下列句子
1．This is the person________you should thank for helping your son.
答案： who/that/whom
2．The man________is standing there is a famous writer.
答案： who/that
3．The pen________he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
答案： that/which
4．The house________is at the corner of the street is painted red.
答案： that/which
5．The boy________name is Tom comes from America.
答案： whose
6．It is said that the chair________leg is broken is worth a lot of money.
答案： whose
7．This is the best film________has been shown so far in the city.
答案： that
8．I have many friends to________I am going to send postcards.
答案： whom
9．We should do everything________we should do.
答案： that
10．The beautiful girl________we often talk about is Li Ping’s sister.
答案： that/who/whom
11．Who________you have ever known can sing it better
答案： that
12．I still remember the people and the things________I met in my hometown.
答案： that
13．The only thing________I can remember is the big fire.
答案： that
14．I don’t know the boy________is sitting behind you.
答案： who/that
15．He asked about the factories and workers________we had just visited.
答案： that
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student________can help you to work out this problem.
A．whom B．who
C．which D．what
解析： 先行词the student指人，定语从句中缺主语，因此应用who引导定语从句。
答案： B
2．I’m not sure whether this is the book________my brother read the year before last.
A．whose B．as
C．what D．which
解析： 先行词the book指物，定语从句缺少宾语，因此应填which引导定语从句。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时，仅用于the same...as...，such...as...等句型中。
答案： D
3．I’m sorry that I don’t know much about American films，because this is the first American film________I have ever seen.
A．which B．that
C．what D．as
解析： 先行词American film前面有序数词the first修饰，因此只能用that引导定语从句。
答案： B
4．Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons________they were fond of________influenced their whole lives.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
解析： 第一空考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词中既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用that构成It was...that...强调句型。
答案： D
5．Which of the two cows________you keep produce more milk
A．that B．which
C．whom D．what
解析： 主语是以which开头的特定疑问句，所以要用that引导定语从句。
答案： A
6．The most important thing________we should pay attention to is the first thing________I have said.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
解析： 当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。
答案： D
7．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest________everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as
C．which D．what
解析： “such＋名词”后接从句时，若引导词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，则用as引导定语从句。该句中引导词在从句中作visit的宾语，故用as。若引导词在从句中不作成分，则用that引导结果状语从句。
答案： B
8．This is the boy without________help I couldn’t have passed that difficult exam.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．that
解析： 先行词the boy指人，定语从句缺少定语，因此该空应填whose引导定语从句。
答案： C
9．The boy________is cleaning the blackboard now is Tom’s best friend.
A．that B．whom
C．whose D．he
解析： 先行词是“人”，关系代词用who/that。
答案： A
10．The man makes full use of the time________he can spare.
A．with which B．when
C．it D．that
解析： 先行词是“物”，并且作spare的宾语，所以关系代词用which/that。
答案： D
11．Look out！Don’t get too close to the house________roof is under repair.
A．whose B．which
C．of which D．that
解析： 此题考查定语从句。句意为：“小心！不要靠近这所房子，房顶正在修理”。从结构上看，“________roof is under repair”是定语从句修饰house。从意义上看，空格处应填一个表示“这所房子的”的关系代词，所以要用whose。
答案： A
12．He told us the stories and the writers
________interested him.
A．that B．which
C．what D．who
解析： 在修饰两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时用that。在此句中that修饰stories和writers，它既可修饰人也可修饰物，又在从句中作主语。
答案： A
13．Anything________could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.
A．which B．that
C．what D．how
解析： 考查定语从句。当先行词为anything等不定代词时，关系代词用that而不用which。
答案： B
14．Those________want to see the film please write down your names here.
A．them B．what
C．whose D．who
解析： 当代词those用做先行词且指人，并在从句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用who。
答案： D
15．This is the factory________we visited the other day.
A．where B．in which
C．there D．/
解析： 先行词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，本题省略了that/which。
答案： D
描写：报纸文章
一、题目要求
请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍当今中国教育的基本情况。
要点：1.九年义务教育，六岁入学；
2．初中毕业后，可入高中或职业学校；
3．在高校，部分费用由家庭承担；
4．中国教育尽管成绩巨大，但仍需要改革。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
二、关键词语
义务教育 compulsory education
职业学校 professional school
由……提供 be provided by
得到某人的支持 get the support from sb.
一系列的 a series of
在教育领域 in the field of education
部分费用 part of the cost
三、连词成句
1.当今中国的教育发展迅速。
Education in China today has been developing rapidly.
2．在上大学之前，学生们必须通过很多考试。
Students have to pass a series of examinations before entering a college or university.
3．尽管中国的教育发生了很大的变化，但还有许多方面需要改进。
Though great changes have taken place in the field of education in China，there is still much to be improved.
四、构思谋篇
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
定语从句(Ⅰ)
一、概念
A plane is a machine
that can fly.
1．定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。
例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.
上面例句中的that can fly即为定语从句，其前面的名词machine是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，that是引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 用 法 例 句
that 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语，指物)
②The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.(作主语，指人)
③The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting.(作宾语，指物)
which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
②The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作宾语)
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略 ①I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语)
②She is not the girl who she was.(作表语)
whom 指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替 ①Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.
②The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.
whose 可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which ①This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人)
②The room whose windows face east is mine.(指物)
＝The room the windows of which face east is mine.
as 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，
such...as..，
as...as...等句型中，as不能省略 ①Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)
②I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语)
三、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
用 法 例 句
1.先行词为不定代词时，如all，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，no one等 ①I have said all (that) I want to say.
②Is there anything (that) I can do for you？
2.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰或本身就是最高级、序数词时 ①This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
②We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
3.先行词被the only，the very，the last，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等修饰时 ①This is the very book (that) I want to buy.
②There is little work (that) you can do.
③The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
4.先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the men and the things that they saw.
5.当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时 ①Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？
②Who is the man that is reading over there？
6.关系代词作to be的表语时 China isn’t the country (that) it used to be.
7.主句是there be结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导 There is a table in the corner that is folded away.
8.当先行词前有the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时 She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
四、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况
用 法 例 句
1.当关系代词前有介词时 This is the house in which he once lived.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时 Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.
3.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill time.
4.当先行词本身是that时 The clock is that which tells the time.
定语从句注意事项
1．关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。
①He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词)
②He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词)
2．关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。
The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.
3．the same...as与the same...that引导的定语从句的区别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后者修饰的就是先行词所指的东西。
①This is the same watch as I lost.
这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只)
②This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只)
4．such后可接as引导的定语从句，也可接that引导的结果状语从句。
①I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一支像他在使用的一样的钢笔。(定语从句)
②I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework with it without using others’．我希望得到一支钢笔，这样我就能用它做作业而不用借别人的。(结果状语从句)
Ⅰ.用that，who，whom，which，whose完成下列句子
1．This is the person________you should thank for helping your son.
答案： who/that/whom
2．The man________is standing there is a famous writer.
答案： who/that
3．The pen________he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
答案： that/which
4．The house________is at the corner of the street is painted red.
答案： that/which
5．The boy________name is Tom comes from America.
答案： whose
6．It is said that the chair________leg is broken is worth a lot of money.
答案： whose
7．This is the best film________has been shown so far in the city.
答案： that
8．I have many friends to________I am going to send postcards.
答案： whom
9．We should do everything________we should do.
答案： that
10．The beautiful girl________we often talk about is Li Ping’s sister.
答案： that/who/whom
11．Who________you have ever known can sing it better
答案： that
12．I still remember the people and the things________I met in my hometown.
答案： that
13．The only thing________I can remember is the big fire.
答案： that
14．I don’t know the boy________is sitting behind you.
答案： who/that
15．He asked about the factories and workers________we had just visited.
答案： that
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student________can help you to work out this problem.
A．whom B．who
C．which D．what
解析： 先行词the student指人，定语从句中缺主语，因此应用who引导定语从句。
答案： B
2．I’m not sure whether this is the book________my brother read the year before last.
A．whose B．as
C．what D．which
解析： 先行词the book指物，定语从句缺少宾语，因此应填which引导定语从句。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时，仅用于the same...as...，such...as...等句型中。
答案： D
3．I’m sorry that I don’t know much about American films，because this is the first American film________I have ever seen.
A．which B．that
C．what D．as
解析： 先行词American film前面有序数词the first修饰，因此只能用that引导定语从句。
答案： B
4．Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons________they were fond of________influenced their whole lives.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
解析： 第一空考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词中既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用that构成It was...that...强调句型。
答案： D
5．Which of the two cows________you keep produce more milk
A．that B．which
C．whom D．what
解析： 主语是以which开头的特定疑问句，所以要用that引导定语从句。
答案： A
6．The most important thing________we should pay attention to is the first thing________I have said.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
解析： 当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。
答案： D
7．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest________everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as
C．which D．what
解析： “such＋名词”后接从句时，若引导词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，则用as引导定语从句。该句中引导词在从句中作visit的宾语，故用as。若引导词在从句中不作成分，则用that引导结果状语从句。
答案： B
8．This is the boy without________help I couldn’t have passed that difficult exam.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．that
解析： 先行词the boy指人，定语从句缺少定语，因此该空应填whose引导定语从句。
答案： C
9．The boy________is cleaning the blackboard now is Tom’s best friend.
A．that B．whom
C．whose D．he
解析： 先行词是“人”，关系代词用who/that。
答案： A
10．The man makes full use of the time________he can spare.
A．with which B．when
C．it D．that
解析： 先行词是“物”，并且作spare的宾语，所以关系代词用which/that。
答案： D
11．Look out！Don’t get too close to the house________roof is under repair.
A．whose B．which
C．of which D．that
解析： 此题考查定语从句。句意为：“小心！不要靠近这所房子，房顶正在修理”。从结构上看，“________roof is under repair”是定语从句修饰house。从意义上看，空格处应填一个表示“这所房子的”的关系代词，所以要用whose。
答案： A
12．He told us the stories and the writers
________interested him.
A．that B．which
C．what D．who
解析： 在修饰两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时用that。在此句中that修饰stories和writers，它既可修饰人也可修饰物，又在从句中作主语。
答案： A
13．Anything________could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.
A．which B．that
C．what D．how
解析： 考查定语从句。当先行词为anything等不定代词时，关系代词用that而不用which。
答案： B
14．Those________want to see the film please write down your names here.
A．them B．what
C．whose D．who
解析： 当代词those用做先行词且指人，并在从句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用who。
答案： D
15．This is the factory________we visited the other day.
A．where B．in which
C．there D．/
解析： 先行词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，本题省略了that/which。
答案： D
描写：报纸文章
一、题目要求
请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍当今中国教育的基本情况。
要点：1.九年义务教育，六岁入学；
2．初中毕业后，可入高中或职业学校；
3．在高校，部分费用由家庭承担；
4．中国教育尽管成绩巨大，但仍需要改革。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
二、关键词语
义务教育 compulsory education
职业学校 professional school
由……提供 be provided by
得到某人的支持 get the support from sb.
一系列的 a series of
在教育领域 in the field of education
部分费用 part of the cost
三、连词成句
1.当今中国的教育发展迅速。
Education in China today has been developing rapidly.
2．在上大学之前，学生们必须通过很多考试。
Students have to pass a series of examinations before entering a college or university.
3．尽管中国的教育发生了很大的变化，但还有许多方面需要改进。
Though great changes have taken place in the field of education in China，there is still much to be improved.
四、构思谋篇