(共58张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
现在完成时的被动语态
一、基本构成:现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been+过去分词”构成,其中第三人称单数用has,第三人称复数及其余人称用have。
现在完成时被动语态的各种句式:
[肯定式]have/has+been+done
Your computer has been repaired.
你的电脑已经修好了。
[否定式]have/has+ not+ been+ done
The desks have not been cleaned.
这些桌子还没有擦干净。
[疑问式]Have/Has+主语+been+done
—Has the door been painted?那扇门粉刷了吗?
—No,it hasn’t.不,还没有。
二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时,可与already或yet连用,但不能与for或since引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。
I’m sorry,but the letters haven’t been typed yet.
很抱歉,这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是,现在还拿不到这些信件)
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是,现在不用做这项工作了)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long...?句型中。
The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.
这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点
1.现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。
2.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况有联系。
The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年修成的。
The library has been built.这座图书馆已经修好了。
3.非延续性动词,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。
How long has he joined the army?(×)
How long has he been in the army?(√)
他参军多长时间了?
点津:这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有持续性,因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。
(2010·福建卷)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs they________before leaving their hometowns.
A.promised B.were promised
C.have promised D.have been promised
解析: 考查时态和语态。job与promise之间为被动关系,故应考虑被动语态形式,再考虑到“before leaving their hometowns”,表示动作已经发生,故用完成时。所以现在完成时的被动式为正确形式。
答案: D
(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998,and________since.
A.had not been heard of
B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of
D.has not heard of
解析: 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 句意为:他姐姐在1998年离开了家,此后人们再也没有听到她的消息。根据句意可知应用被动语态,句中的since暗示应用现在完成时,因此答案为B。
答案: B
(2008·陕西卷)Though we don’t know what was discussed,yet we can feel the topic________.
A.had changed B.will change
C.was changed D.has been changed
解析: 考查动词时态、语态。句意为:尽管我们不知道讨论的内容,但我们能感觉到讨论的话题变了。根据题意,句子应用被动结构,排除A项和B项,又根据时态一致,排除C项。
答案: D
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Great changes________ ________ ________(take place) in my village since 2008.
答案: have taken place
2.The tickets________ ________ ________ ________(already sell) out.You won’t get one as you want.
答案: have already been sold
3.________the program________ ________(develop) yet?If not,you’d better get it ready as soon as possible.
答案: Has;been developed
4.—Are you going to the party
—No,I________ ________ ________(not invite)
yet.
答案: haven’t been invited
5.Jack________ ________ ________(tell) the news,so you needn’t call him up.
答案: has been told
6.More than 5,000 used bikes________ ________ ________(collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
答案: have been collected
7.Since the cause of this disease________ ________ ________(discover),now we need to develop the medicine to treat it.
答案: has been discovered
8.Every possible means________ ________ ________(try) to stop the bad behavior,but they don’t work at all.
答案: has been tried
9.Over the past ten years,this town________ ________ ________(hit) twice by earthquakes.
答案: has been hit
10.Her novel is very popular among people of all ages;so far it________ ________ ________(translate) into 25 languages.
答案: has been translated
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.—Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303
—It should be 302.But I hear that it________till tomorrow.
A.was put off B.will put off
C.has been put off D.is put off
解析: 根据句意应是“我听说会议已推迟到明天了”。put off (推迟),与meeting之间为被动关系。会议现在已被推迟,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案: C
2.—What happened to the postman
—I don’t know.He________around here for a long time.
A.hasn’t seen
B.didn’t see
C.wasn’t seen
D.hasn’t been seen
解析: 由时间状语for a long time可知到说话时为止很长时间没有见到邮递员了,邮递员与看见之间为动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,所以选D项。
答案: D
3.Till now,three films________in our village this month.
A.have shown B.have been shown
C.were shown D.will be shown
解析: 考查时态及语态。由时间状语till now “直到现在”可知用现在完成时,又因film与show之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案: B
4.Every possible means________to save the wounded soldier up to now.
A.was tried B.were tried
C.have been tried D.has been tried
解析: 由时间状语up to now可知应用现在完成时。另外,主语means与try之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。means为单复数同形的单词,由其前的every可知此处作单数名词,故选D项。
答案: D
5.The boys________many times not to swim in that lake,but it doesn’t make any difference.
A.have told
B.told
C.have been told
D.were being told
解析: 根据句意可知,the boys和tell之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;又根据but后面的分句可知,应用现在完成时,故答案选C项。
答案: C
6.—Can we sit at the table near the window
—I’m sorry,but it________already.
A.was taken B.took
C.has taken D.has been taken
解析: it代指the table,和take之间是被动关系;又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时,故答案选D项。
答案: D
7.I’ve heard that a talk on American history________in the meeting room this Friday.
A.is given B.has been given
C.will be given D.gives
解析: 根据句意,报告是在下周要做,故用一般将来时态的被动语态。
答案: C
8.I want to buy this kind of cloth because I________the cloth________well.
A.have told;washed
B.have been told;washes
C.have been told;washed
D.was told;washed
解析: 根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好洗”可知第一空用完成时的被动语态;第二空表示主语具有的属性,用主动表被动,故用washes。
答案: B
9.The new dictionaries are very useful.They________well and________already.
A.sell;have been sold out
B.sold;had sold out
C.sell;sell out
D.are sold;have been sold out
解析: 第一空sell说明主语的性质,为不及物动词用法,不能用于被动语态;第二空根据副词already可知“已卖完了”;且sell out(售完)与dictionaries间为被动关系,故选A项。
答案: A
10.(2010·聊城高一检测) A new school library________here.It is said that they hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built B.is built
C.has been built D.is being built
解析: 由后一句“据说他们希望下一个月完工”可知目前图书馆正在建设中,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。
答案: D
11.When you get the paper back,pay special attention to what______.
A.have marked B.have been marked
C.had marked D.had been marked
解析: 根据前面的时态,此处应该使用现在完成时的被动语态,表示已被标志的部分。
答案: B
12.—The window is dirty.
—I know.It________for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned
B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned
D.hasn’t been cleaned
解析: 考查时态及语态。句意为:——窗户很脏。——我知道。已经好几周没擦了。window和clean是被动关系且强调发生在过去的动作影响到现在。所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案: D
13.—Why does Lingling look so unhappy
—She________by her classmates.
A.has laughed B.laughed at
C.laughed D.has been laughed at
解析: 答句中由by可知“她被同学笑话了”,laugh at短语动词,被动语态中不能省略介词。
答案: D
14.Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture,but when to begin________yet.
A.hasn’t been decided
B.haven’t decided
C.isn’t being decided
D.aren’t decided
解析: 由时间状语yet可知,应用现在完成时;又因decide和“讲座开始的时间”存在被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案: A
15.—How many times________not to play with fire
—I’m sorry.I’ll never do that again.
A.do you tell B.had you told
C.are you told D.have you been told
解析: 由上下语境可知,you和tell存在被动关系,再由how many times可以判断,“告知”的动作已经发生过多次,故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案: D
想象性写作:描述机器人
一、题目要求
假如你是某科技公司的营销员李华,在公司即将举行的新品发布会上,将由你为参会者介绍新研制的一种家用机器人。请根据以下内容要点用英语写一篇发言稿。
1.研发背景:随着经济的发展,许多人没有时间照顾家里的老人,该机器人可以很好的解决这一严重的社会问题;
2.外形特点:圆头,有两只手,躯干小,两条腿能像轮子一样转动;
3.功能:(1)可以定时做饭,做饭时间还可根据需要调整;(2)可以陪老人聊天,下棋和锻炼身体;(3)可以应对紧急情况。
注意:1.开头已经为你写好,不计入总词数;
2.词数:100左右;
3.参考词汇:调整adjust;个人的individual;陪同accompany。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Thank you for attending our company’s news conference.Today I will introduce a new type of household robot to you.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、构思谋篇
三、关键词语
经济发展 the development of economy
照顾老人 attend to the old people
推出,生产出 put out
为……而设计 be designed to
固定时间 a fixed time
处理紧急情况 deal with emergencies
四、连词成句
1.大家都知道,随着经济的发展,人们没有足够的时间来照顾家中的老人了。这已经成为一个严重的社会问题。
As you know,with the development of economy,people don’t have enough time to attend to the old people in their family,which has become a serious social problem.
2.它可以在一个固定时间为老人们做饭,而且固定时间也可根据个人需要进行调整。
It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs.
3.它也能陪老人聊天,下棋和锻炼身体。
It can also accompany old people in chatting,playing chess,and doing exercises.