2012新课标同步导学高一英语课件：5.4（人教·陕西专版必修2）
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| 名称 | 2012新课标同步导学高一英语课件：5.4（人教·陕西专版必修2） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-05-13 10:55:49 | ||
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(共66张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
介词＋关系代词
一、基本用法
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用介词＋关系代词(whom或which)引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词＋whom；如果指物，用介词＋which。
He handed me a pen，with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我就用它写下了他的电话号码。
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking
你知道与她交谈的那个男孩是谁吗？
The little girl is reading a book in which there are many pictures.
小女孩正在读一本书，书中有很多图画。
二、介词的确定方法
1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定介词。
We’ll never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.我们永远忘不了汶川发生地震的那一天。(与先行词day的介词搭配用on)
In front of my house，there is a tree，in which some birds are singing.我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(与先行词tree的搭配用介词in)
2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配来选用介词。
He’s the model from whom we should learn.
他是我们学习的榜样。(learn from...向……学习)
The problem about which you argued just now has been solved.
你们刚才争论的问题已经解决了。(argue about sth.争论某事)
点津：此时的介词也可以放在从句中的动词之后，关系代词which也可用that代替，也可以省略，who可以代替whom或省去。但非限制性定语从句中的whom，which不可省。如上面的例句可写成：He is the model (who/whom) we should learn from.The problem (which/that) you argued about just now has been solved.
3．根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Air，without which man can’t live，is really important.
空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。
This book has opened a window，through which we can see a wonderful world.这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。
点津：当先行词是way的时候，我们可以使用in which或that引导定语从句。在这种情况下，in which或that也可以省略。
I did not like the way (in which/that) she talked to me.
我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。
三、介词＋关系代词的特殊用法
1．在更加正式的语境当中，可以用介词＋which代替关系副词when，where和why。
关系副词 在从句中充当的成分 指代的先行词 例句
when 时间状语 表示时间的名词/名词词组 I often think of the moment，when(＝ at which)I saw the UFO.
I’ll never forget the time，when (＝in which)I studied in Britain.
where 地点状语 表示地点的名词/名词词组 The police searched the house where (＝ in which) the thief had stayed.
why 原因状语 reason I don’ t know the reason why (＝ for which) the house is so dirty.
2.the＋形容词/名词＋介词＋which/whom
China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有成百上千的岛屿，最大的是台湾岛。
This is the house，the window of which was broken yesterday.
这就是那座房子，昨天它的窗子被打碎了。
He lives in the room，the window of which faces south.
他住在那屋子里，它的窗子朝南。
3．介词＋whose＋名词
The boy was staying in the room through whose window he could climb down.
那孩子呆在那屋子里，通过窗户他可以爬下来。
He lives in an old house，under whose roof live a family of birds.
他住在一座老房子里，在屋檐下住着一窝鸟。
We were grateful to Mr Li，in whose car we had traveled home.
我们都很感谢李先生，就是坐他的车我们回家的。
4．有时用from where引导定语从句，以使意义更明确。
He stood near the window，from where he could see the lake.
他靠窗站着，从那儿可以看到湖。
(2010·江苏卷) The newly built café，the walls of________are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
A．that B．it
C．what D．which
解析： 考查定语从句的关系词。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指café，在从句中作介词of的宾语。the walls of which＝whose walls。
答案： D
(2010·浙江卷) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which
C．them D．those
解析： 考查定语从句。此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
答案： A
(2009·全国卷Ⅰ) She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．these
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：她带了三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。of是介词，又因先行词是her three frineds，故用whom。
答案： C
Ⅰ.用适当的介词和关系词填空
1．I really don’t like the way________ ________the girl speaks to her parents.
答案： in which
2．The 2008 Olympic Games are a great event________ ________all the Chinese are proud.
答案： of which
3．He built a telescope________ ________he could study the skies in his free time.
答案： through which
4．Thank you for your help，________ ________we couldn’t have finished it on time.
答案： without which
5．Don’t you want to explain the reason________ ________you were late for the important meeting
答案： why/for which
6．He lives in an old room，the roof________ ________has been damaged in the storm.
答案： of which
7．In our class all the fifty students，only one________ ________didn’t pass the exam，took part in the final exam.
答案： of whom
8．Two people came to see the building，neither________ ________wanted to buy it.
答案： of whom
9．Can you see the desk________ ________there is a book and two pens
答案： on which
10．The man________ ________I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college.
答案： with whom
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．It is reported that two schools，________are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A．they both B．which both
C．both of them D．both of which
解析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构，可知缺定语从句的引导词，故排除A、C。根据英语表达方式应用both of which。
答案： D
2．Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street，________used to be poorly run，is now a successful business.
A．that B．which
C．who D．where
解析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句，which代替上文中的Chan’s restaurant，故选B。
答案： B
3．Luckily，we’d brought a road map without________we would have lost our way.
A．it B．that
C．this D．which
解析： without(介词)＋which引导定语从句。
答案： D
4．It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A．that B．while
C．which D．when
解析： 分析该题句子结构可以看出前后句意完整，而后句意为“数年里今年头次赢得世界杯”。this year在后句中作状语，所以应选择表时间的关系副词。
答案： D
5．We are talking about the subject________importance I haven’t realized yet.
A．which B．that
C．of which D．whose
解析： 句意为：我们正在讨论一个其重要性我尚未认识到的主题。whose表示“……的”，作为定语从句的引导词，此题的whose importance＝the importance of which＝of which the importance。
答案： D
6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%________are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of
C．of them D．of that
解析： “50万双鞋中的80%”，是部分与整体的关系，用of which，因此选A。
答案： A
7．Alec asked the policeman________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A．with him B．with whom
C．who D．whom
解析： 根据句意，和某人一起工作，应该用work with，故B正确。
答案： B
8．The two astronauts said they would never forget the days________they worked together in the spaceship and the days________they spent together.
A．which；when B．when；which
C．what；that D．on which；when
解析： 本题考查定语从句。第一个先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用when或on which；而第二个从句的先行词在从句中作的宾语，故用which或that，综合两个空，正确答案为B。
答案： B
9．We went through a period________communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．which B．whose
C．in which D．with which
解析： 把从句补充完整则为communications were very difficult in the rural areas in the period，故答案为C。
答案： C
10．The crime wave is one of the biggest problems________the new government is now faced.
A．that B．which
C．with which D．about which
解析： be faced with为固定搭配，由此可知关系代词前的介词应选with，故C正确。
答案： C
11．Finally，I bought the new book，________I spent twenty yuan，in the bookstore where my old friend was the boss.
A．on which B．which
C．in which D．that
解析： 考查定语从句。the book是先行词，后面跟定语从句。在从句中根据固定搭配spend...on...可判定选A项。
答案： A
12．Eric taught folk music in a local school for one year，________he spent some time abroad studying jazz.
A．after that B．after which
C．after it D．after this
解析： 考查定语从句。此题中after which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。
答案： B
13．There are two buildings，________stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A．the larger
B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that
D．the larger of which
解析： 题干的两部分用逗号隔开，由此判断本题为非限制性定语从句。the larger of which意为“两者中较大的那一座”，which 指代the two buildings。
答案： D
14．I have decided to write about Chaplin，one of________films I saw several years ago.
A．that B．whom
C．whose D．which
解析： 先行词为指代人的名词Chaplin，排除D项。定语从句中films缺少定语，故应用whose来代替Chaplin’s，以修饰限定films。
答案： C
15．(2011·鹤岗高一检测) He made another wonderful discovery，________of importance to science.
A．which I think is
B．which I think it is
C．which I think it
D．I think is
解析： 考查定语从句，句意为：他又有了一个很重要的发现，我认为这个发现对科学很重要。I think为插入语不作句子成分，which代替wonderful discovery在定语从句中作主语。
答案： A
16．(2011·郑州高一检测) ________is known to us all is that the old scientist，for________life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties.
A．As；whom B．Which；whose
C．What；whom D．It；whose
解析： 句意为：我们都知道那位老科学家，他过去生活很艰难，现在80了，但他还很努力。介词＋关系代词(for whom)引导非限制性定语从句，for whom life is hard...＝life is hard for him...；what引导主语从句。
答案： C
17．(2011·大连高一检测) There are more than 50 students in each class，________are girls.
A．half of them B．half of which
C．half of whom D．and half of whom
解析： 考查定语从句。“每班50人，一半是女生”，数词＋介词＋关系代词(of whom)引导非限制性定语从句。
答案： C
18．(2011·长春高一检测) Recently my father bought a Chinese painting，________was very reasonable.
A．the price of whose B．which price
C．the price of which D．it price
解析： 考查定语从句。“最近，我爸爸买了一幅中国画，它的价格很合理。”名词＋介词＋关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，the price of which＝whose price。
答案： C
应用文写作：求助信
一、题目要求
假如你是某中学的高一学生李明，最近与母亲关系紧张，难以相处。请根据下表内容用英语给某英文杂志“Helper”栏目的编辑Mr Smith写一封信，请他帮你解决问题。
你的情况 你母亲的情况 你的问题
1.学习成绩好；
2.爱母亲；
3.有点害怕母亲 1.大学教授，工作勤奋。很少有时间和你说话；
2.对你很严，易发脾气 1.与母亲很少交流；
2.希望互相了解；
3.不知如何沟通
注意：1.词数：100左右；信的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．参考词汇：发脾气lose one’s temper。
Dear Mr Smith，
I’m a middle school student and I’m writing to________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes，
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
二、构思谋篇
三、关键词语
关系 relationship
对某人要求严格 be strict with sb.
忙于某事 be busy with sth.
与某人交流 communicate with sb.
交流感情和想法 exchange feelings and thoughts
四、连词成句
1．我写信是告诉你一个困扰我很久的问题。
I’m writing to tell you my problem which has troubled me for a long time.
2．她对我要求严格，但工作太忙，很少有时间跟我说话。
She is strict with me，but she is so busy with her work that she finds little time to talk to me.
3．我不知道怎样与她交流。
I don’t know how to communicate with her.
4．我希望我们彼此能够更好地相互理解。
I hope we can understand each other better.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
介词＋关系代词
一、基本用法
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用介词＋关系代词(whom或which)引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词＋whom；如果指物，用介词＋which。
He handed me a pen，with which I wrote down his phone number.他递给我一支钢笔，我就用它写下了他的电话号码。
Do you know the boy to whom she was talking
你知道与她交谈的那个男孩是谁吗？
The little girl is reading a book in which there are many pictures.
小女孩正在读一本书，书中有很多图画。
二、介词的确定方法
1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定介词。
We’ll never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.我们永远忘不了汶川发生地震的那一天。(与先行词day的介词搭配用on)
In front of my house，there is a tree，in which some birds are singing.我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(与先行词tree的搭配用介词in)
2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配来选用介词。
He’s the model from whom we should learn.
他是我们学习的榜样。(learn from...向……学习)
The problem about which you argued just now has been solved.
你们刚才争论的问题已经解决了。(argue about sth.争论某事)
点津：此时的介词也可以放在从句中的动词之后，关系代词which也可用that代替，也可以省略，who可以代替whom或省去。但非限制性定语从句中的whom，which不可省。如上面的例句可写成：He is the model (who/whom) we should learn from.The problem (which/that) you argued about just now has been solved.
3．根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Air，without which man can’t live，is really important.
空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。
This book has opened a window，through which we can see a wonderful world.这本书打开了一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。
点津：当先行词是way的时候，我们可以使用in which或that引导定语从句。在这种情况下，in which或that也可以省略。
I did not like the way (in which/that) she talked to me.
我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。
三、介词＋关系代词的特殊用法
1．在更加正式的语境当中，可以用介词＋which代替关系副词when，where和why。
关系副词 在从句中充当的成分 指代的先行词 例句
when 时间状语 表示时间的名词/名词词组 I often think of the moment，when(＝ at which)I saw the UFO.
I’ll never forget the time，when (＝in which)I studied in Britain.
where 地点状语 表示地点的名词/名词词组 The police searched the house where (＝ in which) the thief had stayed.
why 原因状语 reason I don’ t know the reason why (＝ for which) the house is so dirty.
2.the＋形容词/名词＋介词＋which/whom
China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有成百上千的岛屿，最大的是台湾岛。
This is the house，the window of which was broken yesterday.
这就是那座房子，昨天它的窗子被打碎了。
He lives in the room，the window of which faces south.
他住在那屋子里，它的窗子朝南。
3．介词＋whose＋名词
The boy was staying in the room through whose window he could climb down.
那孩子呆在那屋子里，通过窗户他可以爬下来。
He lives in an old house，under whose roof live a family of birds.
他住在一座老房子里，在屋檐下住着一窝鸟。
We were grateful to Mr Li，in whose car we had traveled home.
我们都很感谢李先生，就是坐他的车我们回家的。
4．有时用from where引导定语从句，以使意义更明确。
He stood near the window，from where he could see the lake.
他靠窗站着，从那儿可以看到湖。
(2010·江苏卷) The newly built café，the walls of________are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
A．that B．it
C．what D．which
解析： 考查定语从句的关系词。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指café，在从句中作介词of的宾语。the walls of which＝whose walls。
答案： D
(2010·浙江卷) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which
C．them D．those
解析： 考查定语从句。此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。
答案： A
(2009·全国卷Ⅰ) She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．these
解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：她带了三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。of是介词，又因先行词是her three frineds，故用whom。
答案： C
Ⅰ.用适当的介词和关系词填空
1．I really don’t like the way________ ________the girl speaks to her parents.
答案： in which
2．The 2008 Olympic Games are a great event________ ________all the Chinese are proud.
答案： of which
3．He built a telescope________ ________he could study the skies in his free time.
答案： through which
4．Thank you for your help，________ ________we couldn’t have finished it on time.
答案： without which
5．Don’t you want to explain the reason________ ________you were late for the important meeting
答案： why/for which
6．He lives in an old room，the roof________ ________has been damaged in the storm.
答案： of which
7．In our class all the fifty students，only one________ ________didn’t pass the exam，took part in the final exam.
答案： of whom
8．Two people came to see the building，neither________ ________wanted to buy it.
答案： of whom
9．Can you see the desk________ ________there is a book and two pens
答案： on which
10．The man________ ________I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college.
答案： with whom
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．It is reported that two schools，________are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A．they both B．which both
C．both of them D．both of which
解析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构，可知缺定语从句的引导词，故排除A、C。根据英语表达方式应用both of which。
答案： D
2．Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street，________used to be poorly run，is now a successful business.
A．that B．which
C．who D．where
解析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句，which代替上文中的Chan’s restaurant，故选B。
答案： B
3．Luckily，we’d brought a road map without________we would have lost our way.
A．it B．that
C．this D．which
解析： without(介词)＋which引导定语从句。
答案： D
4．It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A．that B．while
C．which D．when
解析： 分析该题句子结构可以看出前后句意完整，而后句意为“数年里今年头次赢得世界杯”。this year在后句中作状语，所以应选择表时间的关系副词。
答案： D
5．We are talking about the subject________importance I haven’t realized yet.
A．which B．that
C．of which D．whose
解析： 句意为：我们正在讨论一个其重要性我尚未认识到的主题。whose表示“……的”，作为定语从句的引导词，此题的whose importance＝the importance of which＝of which the importance。
答案： D
6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%________are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of
C．of them D．of that
解析： “50万双鞋中的80%”，是部分与整体的关系，用of which，因此选A。
答案： A
7．Alec asked the policeman________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A．with him B．with whom
C．who D．whom
解析： 根据句意，和某人一起工作，应该用work with，故B正确。
答案： B
8．The two astronauts said they would never forget the days________they worked together in the spaceship and the days________they spent together.
A．which；when B．when；which
C．what；that D．on which；when
解析： 本题考查定语从句。第一个先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用when或on which；而第二个从句的先行词在从句中作的宾语，故用which或that，综合两个空，正确答案为B。
答案： B
9．We went through a period________communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．which B．whose
C．in which D．with which
解析： 把从句补充完整则为communications were very difficult in the rural areas in the period，故答案为C。
答案： C
10．The crime wave is one of the biggest problems________the new government is now faced.
A．that B．which
C．with which D．about which
解析： be faced with为固定搭配，由此可知关系代词前的介词应选with，故C正确。
答案： C
11．Finally，I bought the new book，________I spent twenty yuan，in the bookstore where my old friend was the boss.
A．on which B．which
C．in which D．that
解析： 考查定语从句。the book是先行词，后面跟定语从句。在从句中根据固定搭配spend...on...可判定选A项。
答案： A
12．Eric taught folk music in a local school for one year，________he spent some time abroad studying jazz.
A．after that B．after which
C．after it D．after this
解析： 考查定语从句。此题中after which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。
答案： B
13．There are two buildings，________stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A．the larger
B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that
D．the larger of which
解析： 题干的两部分用逗号隔开，由此判断本题为非限制性定语从句。the larger of which意为“两者中较大的那一座”，which 指代the two buildings。
答案： D
14．I have decided to write about Chaplin，one of________films I saw several years ago.
A．that B．whom
C．whose D．which
解析： 先行词为指代人的名词Chaplin，排除D项。定语从句中films缺少定语，故应用whose来代替Chaplin’s，以修饰限定films。
答案： C
15．(2011·鹤岗高一检测) He made another wonderful discovery，________of importance to science.
A．which I think is
B．which I think it is
C．which I think it
D．I think is
解析： 考查定语从句，句意为：他又有了一个很重要的发现，我认为这个发现对科学很重要。I think为插入语不作句子成分，which代替wonderful discovery在定语从句中作主语。
答案： A
16．(2011·郑州高一检测) ________is known to us all is that the old scientist，for________life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties.
A．As；whom B．Which；whose
C．What；whom D．It；whose
解析： 句意为：我们都知道那位老科学家，他过去生活很艰难，现在80了，但他还很努力。介词＋关系代词(for whom)引导非限制性定语从句，for whom life is hard...＝life is hard for him...；what引导主语从句。
答案： C
17．(2011·大连高一检测) There are more than 50 students in each class，________are girls.
A．half of them B．half of which
C．half of whom D．and half of whom
解析： 考查定语从句。“每班50人，一半是女生”，数词＋介词＋关系代词(of whom)引导非限制性定语从句。
答案： C
18．(2011·长春高一检测) Recently my father bought a Chinese painting，________was very reasonable.
A．the price of whose B．which price
C．the price of which D．it price
解析： 考查定语从句。“最近，我爸爸买了一幅中国画，它的价格很合理。”名词＋介词＋关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，the price of which＝whose price。
答案： C
应用文写作：求助信
一、题目要求
假如你是某中学的高一学生李明，最近与母亲关系紧张，难以相处。请根据下表内容用英语给某英文杂志“Helper”栏目的编辑Mr Smith写一封信，请他帮你解决问题。
你的情况 你母亲的情况 你的问题
1.学习成绩好；
2.爱母亲；
3.有点害怕母亲 1.大学教授，工作勤奋。很少有时间和你说话；
2.对你很严，易发脾气 1.与母亲很少交流；
2.希望互相了解；
3.不知如何沟通
注意：1.词数：100左右；信的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．参考词汇：发脾气lose one’s temper。
Dear Mr Smith，
I’m a middle school student and I’m writing to________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes，
Yours sincerely，
Li Ming
二、构思谋篇
三、关键词语
关系 relationship
对某人要求严格 be strict with sb.
忙于某事 be busy with sth.
与某人交流 communicate with sb.
交流感情和想法 exchange feelings and thoughts
四、连词成句
1．我写信是告诉你一个困扰我很久的问题。
I’m writing to tell you my problem which has troubled me for a long time.
2．她对我要求严格，但工作太忙，很少有时间跟我说话。
She is strict with me，but she is so busy with her work that she finds little time to talk to me.
3．我不知道怎样与她交流。
I don’t know how to communicate with her.
4．我希望我们彼此能够更好地相互理解。
I hope we can understand each other better.