第2讲介词和数词
常考点解读
一、介词
1.理解表示地点、时间、方式等的常用介词用法。
2.理解和掌握介词与名词、动词、形容词等常用搭配及用法。
二、数词
1.理解基数词和序数词的基本用法。
2.正确使用日期、钟点和年龄等的表示方法。
易混点突破
一、介词
1.时间介词的用法
(1)时间介词in,on,at,by的用法
①介词in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等j如:in the morning。
②介词on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间。如:on a rainy day。
③介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如:at noon,at 7 o’clock。
④介词by表示到某一时间为止。如:You must come back by 2 o’clock.
(2)时间介词in与after的用法
①介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
②介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.
(3)时间介词for与since的用法
①介词for表示一段时间。如:I have been living here for lo years.
②介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。如:I have been living here since 2000.
(4)时间介词before与by的用法
①介词before表示“在……之前”。如:He won’t come back before five.
②介词by表示“到……时为止,不迟于……”。如:The work must be finished by Friday.
(5)时间介词till与until的用法
①till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到……为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven
o’clock..
②till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。如:Tom didn’t come back till(until)midnight.
③till多用于普通文体,而until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till。如:Until.he comes back,nothing can be done.
(6)不用介词表达时间的几种情况
①当表示时间的词前有this,that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning。
②当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday。
③当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday。
④当表示时间的词前有one,any,each,every,some或at时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
2.方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
(1)方位介词in,on,at的用法
①介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.
②介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
③介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
④介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front ofthe classroom.
(2)方位介词to,for的用法
①介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Will you take a train to Tianjin?
②介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
(3)地点介词at与in的用法
①介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等, 如:He lives at a small village.
②介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
(4)地点介词at与on的用法
①介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200,Nanjing Road.
②介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
(5)地点介词in,on,to的用法
①介词in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China.
②介词on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the us
③介词to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England.
3.其他易混介词的用法辨析
(1)介词besides与except的用法介词besides表示“除……之外(全部计算在内)”,如:We have seen the crocodile besides LiFang.
介词except表示“除……之外(不计算在内)”,如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
(2)介词of和from的用法
介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The desk is made of wood.
介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is made from grapes.
(3)表示“用”的介词in,with,by的用法
①介词in表示“用材料、语言”,如:Can you say it in English?
②介词with表示“用工具、某物”,如:with a pen
③介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过……方法”,如: He prefers traveling by car.
4.介词的搭配
(1)介词与动词的搭配
①动词+介词
look at…看……look like…看上去像…… look after...照料……listen to…听……
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如:This is my new bike.Please look after it.
②动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语分为两类:
A动词(vt.)+副词 : put on穿上 take off脱下 write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。如:
First listen to the tape,then write down the answer/write the answer down.
First listen to the answer,then write it down.
B.动词(饥.)+副词
come on赶快 get up起床 go home回家
come in进来 sit down坐下 stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
(2)介词与形容词的搭配
①常见的与介词for搭配的形容词有:be late for,be famous for,be good for,be ready for,be sorry for。
②常见的与of搭配的形容词有:be afraid of,be full of,be proud of,be terrified of。
③常见的与in搭配的形容词有:be interested in,be successful in,be strict in。
④常见的与at搭配的形容词有:be angry at,be amazed at,be good at,be mad at。
⑤常见的与with搭配的形容词有:be strict with,be busy with,be angry with。
(3)介词与名词的搭配
in good health,on sale,on show,in danger,in public,by mistake,by accident,in the end,at present,in general,in trouble,on time,for example。
二、数词
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first等。
1.基数词
表示数量多少的词是基数词,如:one,two,three等。构成方法如下:
(1)从1~l2分别由从one到twelve l2个各不相同的词表示。
(2)从13~19均以后缀一teen结尾。
(3)从20~90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时,个位和十位之间需加连字符,如twenty-one,thirty-two,forty-three等。
(4)数字的写法和读法:
①十位与个位之间要加连字符虬”;
②百位和十位之间要加and;
③三位数以上的数,从个位往前数,每三位数加一个逗号“,”,从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand,第二个逗号代表million,第三个逗号是billion,注意这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不能加and。
(5)表示具体、准确的数目时,hundred,thousand,million等数词后不能加-s,如five hundred,six thousand,seven million等。
(6)当hundred,thousand等数词与of连用,表示不具体、不准确的数目时,词尾须加-s。如:thousands of students,millions of trees。
2.序数词
(1)序数词1~19除first,second,third特殊式以外,其余的均在基数词后面加-th构成(特殊拼写的有:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth)。
(2)以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词,先把y变为i,再加-eth。
(3)表示“第几十几”时,十位数的“几十”仍用基数词,只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。
(4)除上述情况外,均在词尾加-th,如:ten—tenth,one hundred—one hundredth。
3.数词的用法
(1)表示事物的编号。
基数词放到名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数词放到名词的前面,加定冠词。如:第一课Lesson l/the first lesson.第三排Row 3/the third row。
(2)年、日、时刻表达方法。
“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词,前要加定冠词。读的顺序是月日年。如:1999年5月2日读作:May the second,nineteen ninety。
(3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties.他才二十出头。
This took place in the l930s.这事发生在20世纪30年代。
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·连云港) —Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? —only if you are eighteen.
A.over B.on C.under D.below
解析:本题考查介词。句意:—我可以参加乐施毅行者吗? —只有你超过十八岁。
答案:A
真题2 (2011·贵港) —Who else do you know at the party Jim and Tom?—Lucy and Lily.
A.in B.next C.among D.besides
解析:本题考查介词的辨析。in“在……里面”,next“靠近”,amon9“在……其间”,besides“除……之外”。句意:你知道在晚会上除吉姆与汤姆之外的其他的人是谁?是鲁西与丽丽。
答案:D
真题3 (2011·泰安) —Your sweater looks nice,is it made of wool? —Yes,and it’s made
Shanghai.
A.by B.in C.for D.from
解析:本题考查短语辨析。be made in表示事物于某地制造;be made by表示由谁制造;be made from表示由什么制造,单从表面看不出原物质。
答案:B
真题4 (2011·舟山)My parents usually take a walk .dinner to keep healthy.
A.at B.of C.during D.after
解析:本题考查介词的用法。句意:我父母亲通常在饭后散步来保持健康;after dinner意为“饭后”,符合句意。
答案:D
真题5 (2011·郴州) —Excuse me,how can I get to the museum?—Sorry.It’s my time to he here
A.one B.first C.once
解析:本题考查数词的用法。由句意“这是我第一次来这里”可知正确答案。
答案:B
名师预测
( )1.A lot of stone tables and chairs are of the river and the number of them isgrowing
A.on both side;greater B.on each side;more
C.on both sides;larger D.on each side;more
( )2.What’s happening? people are standing in the middle of the street.
A.Two hundreds B.Two hundred of C.Hundreds of D.Hundred of
( )3.The moonlight goes the window and makes the room bright.
A.across B.through C.over D.in
( )4.Yao Ming is a great basketball player,we are proud him.
A.of B.to C.for D.at
( )5. a winter morning;Tom fell the ladder onto the ground.
A.In;off B.At;down C.On:off D.On;of
同步训练24介词和数词
一、单项选择
( )1.(2011·南宁)If you see a sign with“Business Hours:9:00--17:00”near the door of a shop,you can buy nothing from the shop at
A.2:00 p.m. B.10:00 a.m.
C.7:00 a.m. D.4:00 p.m
( )2.(2011·潍坊)On March ll,2011, earthquake hit Japan.
A.an B.a C./ D.the
( )3.(2011·遵义)-Is this your visit to my hometown,Zunyi?-No.I’ve been here many times.
A.one B.the first C.first D.the one
( )4.(2011·滨州)Now,everybody,please turn to Page and look at the I picture.
A Fifth;five B.Five;fifth C.Fifth;fifth D.Five;five
( )5.(2011·德阳)I don’t believe that this boy can paint such a nice picture.
A.five years old B.five-years-old
C.five-year-old D.five year old
( )6.(2011·泸州)There are over students in their school.
A.hundreds B.nine hundreds C.hundreds of D.nine hundred
( )7.(2011·凉山) -How was your day off yester day? -Perfect!It was my grandma’s
birthday.We had a big cake.
A.eighty B.eightieth C.the eightieth
( )8.(2011·安顺) -David,how old is your father this year?- .And we just had a special party for his birthday last weekend.
A.Fortieth;forty B.Forty;forty
C.Forty;fortieth D.Fortieth;fortieth
( )9.(2011·广元) -How often do you exercise?- .
A.Two B.Twice C.Second D.Twos
( )10.(2011·广东)After the Asian Games, people came to Guangzhou for a visit
during holidays.
A.thousand B.thousands of C.five thousands D.five thousands of
( )11.(2011·泉州)I’m taller than Bill,but I sit him.
A.at the back of B.behind C.in front of D.far from
( )12.(2011·连云港) -Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker?-Only if you are eighteen.
A.over B.on C.under D.below
( )13.(2011·遵义) our surprise,the twin sisters went to Peking University at the
same time last year.
A.With B.In C.To D.For
( )14.(2011·泰州)Audrey Hepburn was a ballet dancer a very young age.In her twenties she became a famous film star.
A.from B.in C.on D.at
( )15.(2011·江津) -How do you go home every day?- bike.It’s not far from here.
A.On B.In C.With D.By
( )16.(2011·湖州)A terrible earthquake happened in Japan March,2011.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
( )17.(2011·安徽)What a nice day!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.
A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out of
( )18.(2011·德阳) -How do you study for a test? - working with friends.
A.By B.With C.On D.For
( )19.(2011·上海)The university student borrowed some money his friends to start his own business.
A.from B.onto C.at D.in
( )20.(2011·杭州)For breakfast,I usually have and two pieces of bread.
A.a cup of milk half B.half a cup of milk
C.a half milk cup D.half a milk cup
( )21.(2011·达州) -If a=4,b=5,what’s the answer to the question“a+2ab+1=?” -
A.Forty-fifth B.Forty-five C.Twenty-three D.One hundred and twenty-one
( )22.(2011·黄冈) -Jackie Chan has donated dollars to charity.
-He is an example to us all.
A.thousand B.thoffsands C.thousand of D.thousands of
( )23.(2011·黄石)My uncle bought me an iPhone for my birthday.
A.twelve B.twelfth C.the twelve D.the twelfth
( )24.(2011·聊城)We’ll have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant,which is famous its food.
A.of B.to C.for D.as
( )25.(2011·芜湖) -Look!There are so many people in the park.-Nobody likes to stay at home Sunday morning.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
( )26.(2011·绍兴)Hundreds of students came toShaoxing to work the World Choir
Games in 2010.
A.at B.with C.for D.on
( )27.(2011·黄石)I wrote my brother last Saturday。but I haven’t heard him up to now.
A.from;to B.to;of C.to;to D.to;from
( )28.(2011·无锡)Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.
A.of;of B.from;from C.of;from D.from;of
二、用适当的介词填空
1. a terrible rainy night。many farmers’houses were destroyed.
2.The famous writer William Shakespeare was born 1564.
3.-Would you like some coffee'?
-Yes,and please get me some milk.I prefer coffee milk.
4.You’d better not always look up the new words the dictionary while reading.Sometimes
we need to guess.
5.My brother is two meters in height.It’s very difficult to find clothes big enough him.
6.We shouldn’t go to school breakfast.It’s bad for our health.
7.People the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple months ago.
8.The skirt feels soft.Is it made silk?
9.-When will the party be held? - two weeks’time.
10.-Mary,do you love popular music?-Yes,I love music that I can sing along .
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 CCBAC
【同步训练24】
一、1—5 CACBC 6—10 DBCBB 11—15 CACDD
16—20 CBAAB 21—25 BDBCB 26—28 CDC
二、1.On 2.in 3.with 4.in 5.for 6.without 7.in 8.of 9.In l0.with