第6讲简单句、并列句和复合句
常考点解读
1.熟练运用S+V+P,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+OC五种基本句型。
2.考查并列句的连接词。
3.识别简单句、并列句和复合句。
易混点突破
1.简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如:
Tom and Mike are Americans.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2.并列句
由并列连词(and,but,or,so,for等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子。如:You help him with his English and he helps you study math.
并列句的分类:
(1)表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,not only…but also…,neither…nor…,then等连接。
如:My English teacher likes soccer and my math teacher likes playing Chinese chess.
(2)表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…等。如:Hurry up,or you’ll miss the early bus.
(3)表示转折,常用的连词有but,however,while等。如:He was short,but he ran very fast.
(4)表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for等。如:He felt bad,so he didn’t go to school this morning.
3.复合句
复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子,其中有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子某一(些)成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从旬都属于复合句。
(1)宾语从句:指在动词或介词后面用一个句子来担任宾语。
①语序:宾语从句只有陈述语序(肯定句或否定句),即:主语在前,谓语动词在后。如:
He says(that)he likes reading a lot. Could you tell me when they will come?
②连接词
1)当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导,that可省略。如:
She said(that)she could finish her work before supper.
2)当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时。用who,what.which,when,where,how,why,how many,how long等词引导。不论是连接代词还是连接副词,后面都是接一陈述句。如:
Do you know when we’11 leave for Beijing?
3)宾语从句是一般疑问句时,用whether或if引导。如:
I wondered if/whether you could come over to my house.
Please let me know if/whether she likes the present.
注意:在下列情况下只能用whether。
(a)在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时。如:Let me know whether you will come or not.
(b)在介词后用whether。如:I’m interested in whether he likes the book.
(c)在不定式前用whether。如:He hasn’t decided whether to visit her.
③主句和从句的时态,原则上宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。
1)当主句是一般现在时时,宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如:
I hear that a famous actor will sing in our hometown.
2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须用过去时态的某种形式。如:
He wanted to know who the woman was.
He was glad that he had passed the math test.
3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
(2)状语从句:是一种作状语用的从句,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句。
①时间状语从句:常用while,when,as soon as,as,until,not…until,before,after,since等引导。一般说来,时间状语从句中不用将来时,表示将来时间则需要用一般现在时来代替。如:I didn’t tell him the news until the teacher came.
Will they do it after they come here?
②目的状语从句:常用so that,in order that引导。如:
He studied English day and night so that he could pass the exam.
③地点状语从句:由where,wherever等连接词引导。如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.
④条件状语从句:由if,unless等词来引导。条件状语从句用来表示将来时间,用一般现在时,而主句用一般将来时。如:
If it doesn’t rain,we’ll go for a picnic.
I’ll wait here Llnless you come.
⑤让步状语从句:通常由although,though,however,whatever等引导。如:
Although I am poor,I am still very happy.
⑥原因状语从旬:由as,because,since等词来引导,because从句一般位于主句后,since
比as正式,其从句一般放句首。如:
He stayed at home because he didn’t like playing soccer.
As(Since)you are not feeling well,you’d better stay at home.
⑦比较状语从句:常由as…as,not so…as,more…than等来引导。如:
Chemistry isn’t so popular as English.
⑧结果状语从句:由so,so…that,such…that等引导。
1)so…that
so+形容词/副词+that从句。如:I am so excited that I can’t fall asleep.
He draws so well that he will never give up.
2)such…that
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句。如:It is such an exciting movie that1 want to watch it again.such+形容词+不可数名词或名词复数+ that从句。如:
It is such delicious food that We all like it very much.
3)如果不可数名词或复数名词前有many,
much,little,few修饰时,则用so…that。如:
They made so much noise that their mother got angry.
(3)定语从句:在句中起定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
①关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法。
1)先行词指人或物时,关系词可用that,that在从句中作主语或宾语。如:
A plane is a machine that can fly.The woman(that)We Saw just now was Jim’s mother.
2)先行词指物时,关系词也可用which,which在从句中作主语或宾语。如:
The school which is in front of the library is very beautiful.
3)先行词指人时,关系词可用who和whom,who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能省略,作宾语时可省略;whom在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。如:
The person(who/whom)you just talked to is Mr.Li.
Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.
4)whose所有格指人,在定语从句中作定语。如:
I know the boy whose father works in a big hospital.
5)以下几种情况必须用that引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词something,nothing,
anything等。如:There is something that I want to do for you.
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如:
This is the most terrible thing that I have met.
先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰。如:
This is the only photo that I got from her.先行词既有人又有物。如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(4)表语从句:放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
①可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
②as,as if,though引导的表语从句。如:It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
③because,why引导的表语从句。如:That’s why he got angry with me.
(5)同位语从句:用于对前面的名词做进一步的解释,说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导,但也可以用whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。如:
They were very worried about the fact that you were sick.
在一些表示“建议,命令,要求”的名词后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:
He made the suggestion that we(should)go by train.
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·昆明)It’s raining outside!Put on your raincoat, you’ll get wet.
A.and B.but C.or D.though
解析:本题考查连词辨析。根据语意“穿上雨衣,否则你就会淋湿”,故选C。
答案:C
真题2 (2011·山西)- Will you play basketball against Class 3 tomorrow?
-Yes. t snows.
A.If B.Until C.When D.Unless
解析:本题考查连词辨析。根据语意“除非下雪才不去打篮球”。
答案:D
真题3 (2011·北海)You’ll be late you don’t get up now.
A. if B.before C.until D.after
解析:本题考查连词辨析。句意:如果你现在不起床,你就会迟到。
答案:A .
真题4 (2001·贵阳) -why do you like staying in Guiyang?-Because the weather there is too hot too cold.
A.either;or B.neither;nor C.both;and D.not only;but also
解析:本题考查连词。句意:-你为什么喜欢呆在贵阳? -因为那里的天气既不太热也不太冷。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”,是选择性的;neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”;both..and...意为“……和……”;not only...but also…意为“不但……而且……”,表递进关系。
答案:B
真题5 (2011·湘潭) Zhai Xiaowei has only one le9,he can dance wonderfully.
A.Though B.But C.So
解析:本题考查连词的用法。句意:虽然翟小伟只有一条腿,但他舞跳得非常好。though表示“虽然、但是”,可以用在句首,也可以放在句中。but表示“但是”,只能用在句中。S0表示“所以”。
答案:A
名师预测
( )1.-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?一Sure。I’ll give it to her she arrives here.
A.before B.until C.because D.as soon as
( )2.We didn’t start our discussion everybody arrived.
A.since B.if C while D.until
( )3.Take the exam carefully, you won’t get full marks.
A. but B.And C.or D.so
( )4.David didn’t give up he had failed in the experiment four times.
A. if B.while C.though D.since
( )5.-Mom,when shall we go to Weifang Museum this weekend?-Oh,sorry.I’m going to Beijing for a meeting. Saturday Sunday is OK.
A.Neither;nor B.Both;and C.Either;or D.Not only;but also
( )6.Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by the young
the old.
A .both;and B.either;or C.not;but D.neither;nor
( )7.-Is my answer to the math problem right?-Let me consider it carefully give you an answer.
A .before B.after C.since D.as soon as
( )8.-I can stay and help you you like.-So nice-of you,Bill.
A.until B.Though C.if D.and
( )9.-May I go to the movies with you?-I’m afraid not you have a ticket。because I have only one.
A.if B.unless C.though
( )10.We don’t know next.Let’s go and ask Mr Li.
A.what to do B.to do what C.whether to do D.to do whether
同步训练28简单句、并列句和复合句
单项选择
( )1.(2011·南通) -We need a new leader for our Helping Hands Club,but I don’t know .-Why not Mary?She is always willing to help others.
A.what to choose B.how to choose
C.when to choose D.who to choose
( )2.(2011·宁夏)Hurry up, finish your soup!
A.or B.but C.and D.while
( )3.(2011·河k,)Tony is a quiet student, he is active in class.
A so B.and C.but D.or
( )4.(2011·安徽)My father was preparing for his speech my mother was doing some
washing last night.
A.if B.while C.unless D.until
( )5.(2011·广州) they are very tired,they feel happy because they’ve finally finished their project.
A.So B.Although C.If D.But
( )6.(2011·安徽)You’d better take the map with you you won’t get lost.
A.as long as B.as soon as C.now that D.so that
( )7.(2011·梅州) Tom Peter are fond of watching T V
A.Not only;but also B.Both;and
C.Either;or D.Neither;nor
( )8.(2011·淄博) -Will you play basketball against Class 3 tomorrow?-Yes. it snows.
A.If B.Until C.When D.Unless
( )9.(2011·呼和浩特) -Ring me up you come to my house,will you? -Sure.I will.
A.though B.while C.before D.until
( )10.(2011·广元)I told him the news he came back yesterday.
A.until B.as soon as C.unless
( )11.(2011·连云港) -What shall we do now? - it’s raining hard,let’s stay at
home.
A.So B.Since C.Though D.If
( )12.(2011·深圳) - Rose Jack watched Prince William’s wedding on
TV yesterday.-What a pity!They misses the exciting moment.
A.Both;and B.Not only;but also C.Either;or D.Neither;nor
( )13.(2011·雅安)I believe it I see it with my own eyes.
A.won’t;and B.will;but C.will;until D.won’t;until
( )14.(2011·雅安)The girl is a nice girl we all want to help her.
A.such;that B.too;to C so;that D.very;that
( )15.(2011·遵义)My father spends much money on books, he’s not rich.
A.but B.because C.even though
( )16.(2011·河南)You won’t feel happy at school get on well with your classmates.
A.though B.when C.unless D.because
( )17.(2011·威海) -Would you like to go for a walk with me,Allen? -I’d love to. you don’t want to go alone.
A.until B.before C.if D.after
( )18.(2011·扬州)He had to retire(退休)early poor health.
A.as a result B.because C.so D.because of
( )19.(2011·肇庆) you don’t give up,your dreams will come true.
A.As long as B.As soon as C.As well as
( )20.(2011·黄石)Lisa Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog.
A.Not only;but also B.Neither;nor
C.Both;and D.Either;or
( )21.(2011·杭州)Franklin told them all, to be in Britain again.
A.he was how happy B.how happy he was
C.how was he happy D.he was happy how
( )22.(2011·泉州)David didn’t give up he had failed in the experiment four times.
A.if B.while C.though D.since
( )23.(2011·芜湖)We can talk with friends on the Internet it’s easier and cheaper.
A.though B.as C.or D.but
( )24.(2011·青岛)Tom rushed into the house his mother was cooking.
A.as B.before C.while D.after
( )25.(2011·青岛) -I often chat with my friends on the Internet.-You are so smart!Will you please tell me ?
A.how to do B.how to do it C.how to use D.where can I use it
( )26.(2011·北京) -Excuse me,could you tell me how to Beijing zoo? -Well,you may take Bus-NO.27.
A.get B.gets C.getting D.to get
( )27.(2011·宁夏)Bob asked me .
A.what was she doing B.what is she doing
C.what she was doing D.what she is doing
( )28.(2011·包头)He told us that where a picnic was not decided yet.
A.having B.to have C.have D.had
( )29.(2011·凉山)Because I got up very late this morning, I was late for class.
A.but B./ C.so
( )30.(2011·上海)Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam.
A.I’m order to B.in order to not C.so as not to D.so as to
答案
【名师预测】
1--5 DDCCA 6—10 AACBA
【同步训练28】
1—5 DCCBB 6—l0 DBDCB 11—15 BDDAC 16—20 CCDAD 21—25 BCBCB
26—30 DCBBC