中考满分——第8讲 宾语从旬、状语从句和定语从句

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名称 中考满分——第8讲 宾语从旬、状语从句和定语从句
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第8讲 宾语从旬、状语从句和定语从句
常考点解读
1.理解宾语从句,并掌握它们的基本用法。
2.理解表示时间、条件、原因、比较、结果、让步等的状语从句,并掌握它们的基本用法。
3.理解由关系代词引导的定语从句。
易混点突破
1.宾语从句
宾语从句指在动词或介词后面用一个句子来担任宾语。
(1)语序:宾语从句只有陈述语序(肯定句或否定句),即:主语在前,谓语动词在后。如:
He says(that)he likes reading a lot.
Could you tell me when they will come?
(2)连接词:
①当宾语从旬是陈述句时,用that引导,that可省略。如:She said(that)she could finish
her work before supper.
②当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时。用who,what,which,when,where,how,why,how many,how long等词引导。不论是连接代词还是连接副词,后面都是接陈述句。
如:Do you know when we’ll leave for Beijing?
③宾语从句是一般疑问句时,用whether或if引导。如:
I wondered if/whether you could come over to my house.
Please let me know if/whether she likes the present.
注意:在下列情况下只能用whether。
A.在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时。如:Let me know whether you will come
or not.
B在介词后用whether。如:I’m interested in whether he likes the book.
C在不定式前用whether。如:He hasn’t decided whether to visit her.
(3)时态:原则上宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。
①当主句是一般现在时时,宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如:
I hear that a famous actor will sing in our hometown.
②当主句是过去时,宾语从句必须用过去时的某种形式。如:
He wanted to know who the woman was.
He was glad that he had passed the mathtest.
③当宾语从旬表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
2.状语从旬
状语从句是一种作状语用的从句,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句。
(1)时间状语从句:常用while,when,as soon as,as,until,not...unnl...,before,alter,since等引导。一般说来,时间状语从句中不用将来时,表示将来时间则需要用一般现在时来代替。如:
I didn’t tell him the news until the teacher came.Will they do it after they come here?
(2)目的状语从旬:常用so that,in order that引导。如:
He studied English day and night so that he could pass the exam.
(3)地点状语从句:由where,wherever等连接词引导。如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.
(4)条件状语从句:由if,unless等词来引导。条件状语从句用来表示将来时间,用一般现在时,而主旬用一般将来时。如:
If it doesn’t rain,we’ll go for a picnic.I’ll wait here unless you come.
(5)让步状语从句:通常由although,though,however,whatever等引导。如:Although I am poor,I am still very happy.
(6)原因状语从句:由as,because,since等词来引导,because从句一般位于主句后,since比as正式,其从旬一般放句首。如:
He stayed at home because he didn't like playing soccer.
As(Since)you are not feeling well,you’d better stay at home.
(7)比较状语从句:常由as…as…,not so…as…,more…than...等来引导。如:Chemistry isn’t so popular as English.
(8)结果状语从句:由so,so…that…,such…that…等引导。
①so…that… so+形容词/副词+that从句。如:
I am so excited that I can’t fall asleep. He draws so well that he will never give up.
②such…that…such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从 句。如:
It is such an exciting movie that I want to watch it again.
such+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+that从句。如:
It is such delicious food that we all like it very much.
③如果不可数名词或复数名词前有many,much,little,few等修饰时,则用so…that…。如:They made so much noise that their mother got angry.
3.定语从句
在句中起定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法:
(1)先行词指人或物时,关系词可用that,that在从句中作主语或宾语。如:
A plane is a machine that can fly. The woman(that)we saw just now was Jim’s mother.
(2)先行词指物时,关系词也可用which,which在从句中作主语或宾语。如:
The school which is in front of the library is very beautiful.
(3)先行词指人时,关系词可用who和whom,who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时,不能省略,作宾语时可省略;whom在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略。如:
The person(who/whom)you just talked to is Mr.Li.Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.
(4)whose所有格指人,在定语从句中作定语。如: I know the boy whose father works in a big hospital.
(5)以下几种情况必须用that引导定语从句。
①先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything等。如:
There is something that I want to do for you.
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如:
This is the most terrible thing that I have met.
③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰。如:
This is the only photo that I got from her.
④先行词既有人又有物。如:They talked about persons and things that they met.
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·湘潭) -Do you know tomorrow?-Sorry,I don't know.You may surf the Internet.
A.whether will it rain B.if it will rain C.whether does it rain
解析:本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。句意:一你知不知道明天是否会下雨?一对不起,我不知道,你可以上网查一下。
答案:B
真题2 (2011·南充)Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A.which B.who C.whom
解析:本题考查定语从句及关系代词用法辨析。句中先行词为the man,又因为关系词需要作help的主语,故选who。注意:用which时,先行词只能是物;而whom只能作宾语。
答案:B
真题3 (2011·广安) -what time will Diana get to Chengdu? -I’m not sure.When he ,I’m call you.
A.will arrive B.arrive C.arrives
解析:本题考查从句的时态。when引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。he是单数第三人称形式,故用arrives。
答案:C
真题4 (2011·雅安)The students have a sports meeting this weekend if it .
A.won’t;rains B.will;rains
C.won't;will rain D.are going to;is going to rain
解析:本题考查if引导的条件状语从句用法。if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态。句意:如果明天下雨我们就不举行运动会了。
答案:A
真题5 (2011·无锡)Could you tell me how long the football club?
A.you have joined B.have you joined
C.you have been in D.have you been in
解析:本题考查宾语从句。从句必须用陈述语序,故排除B、D;join不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,故选C。
答案:C
名师预测
( )1.He is a person is easy to get along with.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
( )2.My grandparents like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable.
A.that B.who C.what D.whose
( )3.There will be a stamp show in the museum we visited last week.
A.who B.when C.which D.what
( )4.“Get new knowledge by reviewing the old” is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子).He was a great thinker——words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A.who B.who’s C.whose
( )5.Can I take Lisa to the aquarium tomorrow?If she there,she agood time.
A.goes;has B.will go has C.will go will have D.goes;will have
( )6.The old man asked the girl to take another Seat he wanted to sit next to his
wife.
A.because B.so that C.so
( )7.I will send you an email as soon as I in Canada.
A.arrive B.arrived C.am arriving D.will arrive
( )8.-Can you tell me ?-About two months ago.
A.where my watch is B.where is my watch
C.when you bought your camera D.when did you buy your camera
( )9.My physics teacher told us light faster than sound.
A.travel B.travels C.traveled
( )10.The soldiers soon reached Was once an old temple the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what:which C.where which D.what:where
同步训练30宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
单项选择
( )1.(2011·天津)We’ll plant trees tomorrow,and I don’t know Tom will come and join us.
A.if B.which C.what D.where
( )2.(2011·山东) -What did the teacher say to you just now?-She asked .
A.where did I learn English B.where I learned English
C.where do I learn English D.where I learn English
( )3.(2011·河南)I didn’t see Laura at the party last night.Do you know ?
A.why didn’t she come B.what happened
C.when would she arrive D.where she has been
( )4.(2011·陕西)If there no buying and selling of animals,there no killing in nature.
A.is;will be B.will be;will be C.is;is D.will be;is
( )5.(2011·广州)The story I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.
A.whose B.who C.that D.where
( )6.(2011·八市) -Could you please tell me in America?-On the fourth Thursday in November.
A.when is Thanksgiving Day B.when Thanksgiving Day is
C.what we eat on Thanksgiving Day D.when do we eat Thanksgiving Day
( )7.(2011·菏泽)I,ll never forget the day the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
( )8.(2011·百色)The policeman caught the thief has stolen Mr.Li’s computer.
A.which B.whose C.whom D.who
( )9.(2011·泉州) -Simon。Wonder .-Last Saturday.
A.when the foreign visitors arrived B.when did the foreign visitors arrive
C.when the foreign visitors will arrive D.when will the foreign visitors arrive
( )10.(2011·包头)You can’t watch TV you finish your homework.
A.before B.if C.while D.as
( )11.(2011·临沂)Zhou Libo is Shanghai’s favorite funny man.He is good at making people
laugh.His lively shows were hot that tickets sold out in minutes.
A very B.too C.such D.so
( )12.(2011·北京)I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada.
A.arrive B.arrived C.am arriving D.will arrive
( )13.(2011·泰安)-Can you guess the new schoolbag yesterday?-Sorry,I’ve no idea.
A.how much did he pay for B.how much he spent
C.how much he paid for D.how much did he spend
( )14.(2011·呼和浩特) -Could you tell us how Long ?-About three days.
A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting will last
C.the sports meeting last D.will the sports meeting last
( )15.(2011·陕西)I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport.But I don’t know he will arrive.
A.where B why C.how D.when
( )16.(2011·泰州) -Could you tell me ?-It,s twenty minutes by underground.
A.how can I get to your school
B how much it costs to get to your school
C.how far it is from your home to your school
D.how long does it take me to get to your school
( )17.(2011·哈尔滨)As we all know。planting trees is good for the environment.Our class will go to the Sun Island tomorrow.As soon as we there,we’ll begin to planttrees.
A.arrived B.arrive C will arrive
( )18.(2011·铜仁)Li Mei is the student handwriting is the best in our class.
A.whose B.whom C.who D.that
( )19.(2011·扬州)One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.
A what B.who C.that D./
( )20.(2011·北京) -Do you know to morrow? -At 8 o’clock.
A.when did she come B.when she came
C.when will she come D.when she will come
( )21.(2011·广东)The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A.which B.that C.why D.who
( )22.(2011·桂林)The basketball I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A.that B.where C.who D.when
( )23.(2011·河北)The teachers came for a visit are foreigners.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
( )24.(2011·德州)They develop their skills they can do things better and better.
A.however B.because C.since D.so that
( )25.(2011·宁波) -I hear the famous singer Xu song may come to Ningbo next month.
-Really? he comes,my younger sister will be very excited.
A.If B.Until C.Unless D.Before
( )26.(2011·三亚) -Could you tell us ?-About two weeks.
A.how often are you going to be away
B.how often we are going to be away
C.how long are we going to be away
D.how long we are going to be away
( )27.(2011·雅安)The students have a sports meeting this weekend if it .
A.won’t:rains B.will:rains
C.won’t:will rain D.are going to;is going to rain
( )28.(2011·金华) -Do you know ? -Sorry,I don’t have a watch.
A.whose watch this is B.whose watch is this
C.what time it is D.what time is it
( )29.(2011。绵阳) -Do you know England?-I’ve heard that he wants to go there for further study.
A.why he will go to B.why will he go to
C.he why will go to D.he will why go to
( )30.(2011·衢州)The photos successfully show the rich culture makes Beijing so famous.
A.what B.which C.who D.why
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 AACCD 6—10 AACBB
【同步训练30】
1—5 ABBAC 6—10 BCDAA 11—15 DACBD 16—20 CBACD 21—25 BAADA
26—30 DACAB
同课章节目录