初中英语中考满分——第二章语法过关打包

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第二章 语法过关
第1讲名词和冠词
常考点解读
一、名词
1．掌握常用名词数的变化和所有格的构成及用法。
2．辨识常用专有名词的一些常见的缩写形式。
二、冠词
1．理解并运用冠词a(an)，the和零冠词的基本用法。
易混点突破
一、名词
1．名词的可数与不可数
英语名词最基本的类别是可数与不可数。凡表示可以计数的名词叫做可数名词(countable noun)，在英语字典里以[C]来表示；凡表示不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词(uncountable noun)，英语字典里以[U]来表示。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；不可数名词只有单数一种形式，如music，information等，没有复数形式。
2．名词的数
(1)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
①名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后面加-s构成，如：cup—cups，book—books。
②以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，则加-es，如：class—classes． box—boxes.
match—matches。
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，则变y为i再加-es，如：city--cities．country--countries。
④如果y前是元音，则y不变，直接加-s即可，如：boy—boys，key—keys。
⑤以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v再加-es，如：leaf—leaves，shelf—shelves，thief—
thieves．knife—knives，wife—wives，wolf—wolves。
⑥以o结尾的名词．表示有生命的在词尾加-es，如：hero--heroes，tomato---tomatoes，
potato—potatoes；表示无生命的在词尾加-s如：radio--radios，piano--pianos，photo—photos。
(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
①变换名词内部元音字母构成复数：
goose—geese，foot—feet，man—men，mouse—mice，tooth—teeth，Woman—women
②单复数同形的名词：deer—deer，sheep—sheep，fish—fish，Chinese—Chinese
③有少数词可有两种复数形式： scarf-scarfs／scarves，hoof--hoofs／hooves，
handkerchief--handkerchiefs／handkerchieves
3．物质名词的定量表示
(1)可数名词的量可以由“基数词+可数名词”来表示，如：twenty cups，fifty apples。
(2)不可数名词一般不可以直接被基数词修饰，它的数量一般通过a piece of一类的修饰语表示。如：a piece of paper，a bottle of milk。
4．名词的格
名词所有格的构成如下：
(1)表示有生命东西的名词所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加“’s”。如：her sister’s friend， children’S books。
②以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾不加s，仅仅加“’”而已。如：the students’dormitory。
(2)表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般用of结构表示。如：a map of China，the leg of the dog。
(3)表示时间、距离、国家城市的名称所有格也可以用“’s”构成所有格。如：haIf an hour’s
walk。
(4)表示两者或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的最后一个名词尾加“”s’。若表示两者各自拥有时，则每个名词后均加“’s”。如：
Lily and Lucy’s bedroom(共同拥有) Lily’s and Lucy’s bedrooms．(各自拥有)
二、冠词
1．冠词的定义与分类
冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所指的人或物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分不定冠词(a，an)和定冠词(the)两类。
2．冠词的用法
(1)不定冠词a，an的用法
①不定冠词a，an表示某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”，只能用在可数名词前，有泛指的意思。a用于以辅音开头的名词之前，an用于以元音开头的名词之前。如：This is a book．It’s an old car．
②用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。如：I’m a student．
③指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。如：A young man is looking for you．
④表示“一”这个概念，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：They are going to have a physics lesson tomorrow．
⑤用于某些固定词组中。如：a little，a few，a bit，half an hour，have a good time等。
(2)定冠词the的用法
定冠词是指特指的人或物，相当于this和that。如：Close the door，please!
①特指某些人或物。如：The bike under the bigtree is mine．
②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事。如：—Where is the cat，Jim —It’s behind the door．
③指上文已经提到过的人或事。如：We live on a farm．The farm is very big．
④用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如：The earth goes round the sun．
⑤用于序数词和形容词的最高级前。如：The Yellow River is the Second longest river in China．
⑥用在专有名词前。如：the Great Wall。
⑦用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人。如：The Greens are having breakfast rlow。
⑧用于一些习惯用语和乐器前。如：in the morning，play the piano。
(3)不用冠词的情况
①名词前已有this，that，some，any等限定词。如：That umbrella is his．
②专有名称和不可数名词前。如：I like music that I can dance to．
③表示学科、球类活动及三餐前。如：The twins usually have a glass of milk，an apple and some bread for breakfast．
④节Et、季节、星期、月份前。如：It’s hot in suminer
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·包头) —Dad，I’ve got an “A”in the math exam. —Great．And l’m sure you will do better，because this is a good ．
A．report B．result C．start D．skill
解析：本题考查词义辨析。A项意为“报告”；B项意为“结果”；C项意为“开始”；D项意为“技能；技术”。句意：—爸爸，这次数学测试我得了“A”。 —很好。我确信你会做得更好，因这是一个好的开始。
答案：C
真题2 (2011·菏泽)As young adults，it is our to try our best to deal with each
challenge in our education with the help of our teacher．
A．work B．job C．duty D．task
解析：本题考查词义辨析。work工作；job职业；duty责任；task任务。句意：作为未成年人，在老师的帮助下尽力处理好教育方面的每次挑战是我们的责任。
答案：C
真题3 (2011·宁波) —Excuse me，where can I exchange —There’S a bank on the second floor．
A．books B．food C．money D．stamps
解析：本题考查词义辨析。books书；food食物；money钱；stamps邮票。根据答语的意思，在二楼有一家银行，再结合问句，可知问我可以在哪里换钱。
答案：C
真题4 (2011·安顺)Can you imagine what lire will be like in time
A．50 years’ B．50 year’s C．50-years’ D．50-years
解析：本题考查名词所有格作定语的用法，当名词为复数作定语时，直接在后面加“”’即可。
答案：A
真题5 (2011·贺州)Mary’s skirt is the same as her ．
A．sisters B．brother C．brother’s D．sister’s
解析：本题考查名词所有格。skirt意为“裙子”，根据常识可知一般女孩才有裙子，故排除B、C。根据句意：Mary的裙子与她妹妹(姐姐)的(裙子)一样。比较的对象应该为裙子，故选sister’s。
答案：D
真题6 (2011·凉山)John can play guitar，but he can’t play chess．
A．the；／ B．／；the C．the；the
解析：本题考查冠词。表示“弹奏乐器”使用定冠词the，表示“下棋”不使用冠词。
答案：A
真题7 (2011·滨州) —How was dinner at Mike’s house —It was great．Mike’S mum is wonderful cook．
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；an
解析：本题考查冠词。定冠词the用在名词前表特指，不定冠词用在名词前表一类。问句是指迈克家的晚餐，故是特指；答语是说迈克的妈妈是一个极好的厨师，是泛指。a用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前。
答案：B
真题8 (2011·台州) —What are you going to be when you grow up — teacher like you．
A．A B．A C．The D．／
解析：本题考查冠词。a修饰以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词；an修饰以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。the表特指。句意：一你长大了打算干什么 一像你一样做一位老师。
答案：A
名师预测
( )1．It takes my daughter about an hour to practice playing piano after supper every day．
A the；the B the；／ C．／；／ D．／；the
( )2．—How far is it from your home to school —It’s about walk．
A．twenty minute’s B．twenty minutes’
C．twenty minute D．twenty minutes
( )3．I borrowed useful book from him． book is new,
A．a；A B．an；A C．a；The D．an；The
( )4．He is honest boy，so we all like him．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
( )5．一Did you hear any strange when the quake happened 一No．I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful of my birds at that time．
A．voice；noise B． noise；sound
C．whisper；sound D．sound；voice
同步训练23名词和冠词
一、单项选择
( )1．(2011·合肥)－I have great in learning math and I’m so worried．Could you help me －Sure．I’d be glad to．
A．trouble B．interest C．joy D．fun
( )2．(2011·鸟鲁木齐)He has something wrong with his ．He cannot see clearly．
A．leg B．eye C．hand D．arm
( )3．(2011·莆田) －I want a to cut the big apple．Could you pass me one －Certainly，here you are．
A．fork B．knife C．spoon D．teaspoon
( )4．(2011·贵阳) －Excuse me，how can I get to the nearest bus stop －Go down this road．It’s about walk．
A．five minute’s B．five minutes’ C．five-minutes D．five-minute
( )5．(2011·河南) －What do you want to be in the future，Nick －I want to be pilot．It is exciting job．
A．a；a B．a；an C．the；an D．a；the
( )6．(2011·绥化)There is big super- market in center of our city．
A．a：the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；an
( )7．(2011·贺州) －Lily is coming by plane tomorrow．－Let’s go to airport to meet her．
A．a；a B．／；a C．the；the D．／；the
( )8．Your sister has bad cold，and you must give her some medicine this afternoon．
A．an；／ B．a；／ C．／；the D．the；／
( )9．(2011·舟山) －Who’s that lovely girl －You mean girl with long hair
That’s Kate．
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
( )10．(2011·烟台) －Do you know man in blue －Yes，he’s a professor of
univer-sity．
A．the；a B．a；an C．the；an D．／；the
( )11．(2011·重庆)Could you please get me some I’m hungry．
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
( )12．(2011·德州)Today，we have many other to pay besides coins or paper mortey．
A．excuses B．ways C．chances D．plans
( )13．(2011·扬州) －I’m sorry I went out for a smoke．I was very tired．－There’s no
for this while you are at work．
A．cause B．excuse C．matter D．choice
( )14．(2011·绍兴) －Excuse me．May I know your －Sure．It’s NO．3 Bridge Street．
A．house B．address C．way D．place
( )15．(2011·无锡)The theme park is about ride from the museum．You should start out right now．
A．two hour B．two hour’s C．two hours’ D． two hours
( )16．(2011·乌鲁木齐) are planning to go on vacation．
A．Black’s B．A Black’s C．The Black’s D．The Blacks
( )17．(2011·广元)Susan joined an art club at age of six and paints well．
A．the B．an C．a
( )18．(2011·湘西)I often go to school ．
A．by bus B．by a bus C．by the bus
( )19．(2011·菏泽)On April l2，1961， 27-year-old Yuri Gagarin(尤里·加加林)be
came the first human to go into space．
A．the；不填 B．the；the C．a；不填 D．a；the
( )20．(2011·金华)My mother is English teacher in N0．2 Middle School．
A．a B．the C．an D．／
( )21．(2011·安顺) －Mr．Smith always has to tell us． －So he does．
A．some good pieces of news B．some pieces of good news
C．some good piece of news D．some piece of good news
( )22．(2011·上海)The old man used to raise many to make a living on the farm．
A．duck B．horse C．bird D．sheep
( )23．(2011·盐城)The two cities have reached an to develop science and technology．
A．education B．excitement C．agreement D．inventions
( )24．(2011·苏州)There are millions of websites on the Internet and there a lot of useful
on the websites．
A．are；informations B．are；information
C．is；information D．is；informations
( )25．(2011·宁波) －You look so healthy!－Yeah，I like eating apples．An apple a day
keeps the away．
A．teacher B．worker C．farmer D．doctor
( )26．(2011·南京) －What do you usually have for breakfast，Peter －A fried egg．three pieces of bread and a glass of milk．
A．a B．An C．the D．／
( )27．(2011·临沂)Photography can be excellent hobby for kids．
A．／ B．a C．an D．the
( )28．(2011·岳阳)It’s from our school to my home．
A．ten minutes’walk B．ten minute’s walk
C．ten minutes walk D．ten minute walk
( )29．(2011·泰安) －Yao Ming is very popular among teenagers． －Yes．Many middle school students are his
A．heroes B．stars C．fans D．brothers
( )30．(2011·毕节) －Hello!May I speak to Lucy，please －Sorry，I’m afraid you have the wrong
A．wav B．name C．number D．telephone
二、单词拼写
1．We often get information by reading newspapers， (杂志)and all kinds of books．
2．He did very well in the exam．He made few (错误)．
3．Don’t be afraid to talk with foreigners．It’s a good (机会)to practice your spoken English．
4．I saw two (外国人)in the park yesterday． think they come from the USA．
5．He believed that his daughter made a good (决定)．
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 BBCBD
【同步训练23】
一、1—5 ABBBB 6—10 ADBCA 11—15 CBBBC 16—20 DAACC 21—25 ADCCD 26—30 DCACC
二、1．magazines 2．mistakes 3．chance 4．foreigners 5．decision
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第2讲介词和数词
常考点解读
一、介词
1．理解表示地点、时间、方式等的常用介词用法。
2．理解和掌握介词与名词、动词、形容词等常用搭配及用法。
二、数词
1．理解基数词和序数词的基本用法。
2．正确使用日期、钟点和年龄等的表示方法。
易混点突破
一、介词
1．时间介词的用法
(1)时间介词in，on，at，by的用法
①介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等j如：in the morning。
②介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy day。
③介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noon，at 7 o’clock。
④介词by表示到某一时间为止。如：You must come back by 2 o’clock．
(2)时间介词in与after的用法
①介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks．
②介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour．
(3)时间介词for与since的用法
①介词for表示一段时间。如：I have been living here for lo years．
②介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。如：I have been living here since 2000．
(4)时间介词before与by的用法
①介词before表示“在……之前”。如：He won’t come back before five．
②介词by表示“到……时为止，不迟于……”。如：The work must be finished by Friday．
(5)时间介词till与until的用法
①till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到……为止”，如：I will wait till(until)seven
o’clock．．
②till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。如：Tom didn’t come back till(until)midnight．
③till多用于普通文体，而until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。如：Until．he comes back，nothing can be done．
(6)不用介词表达时间的几种情况
①当表示时间的词前有this，that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning。
②当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday。
③当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday。
④当表示时间的词前有one，any，each，every，some或at时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day．
2．方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
(1)方位介词in，on，at的用法
①介词in表示“排、行、组”，如：We are in Team One．
②介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table．
③介词on表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left．
④介词at表示“前、后”，如：I sit at the front ofthe classroom．
(2)方位介词to，for的用法
①介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：Will you take a train to Tianjin
②介词for表示动身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai．
(3)地点介词at与in的用法
①介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等， 如：He lives at a small village．
②介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing．
(4)地点介词at与on的用法
①介词at用于门牌号，如：He lives at No．200，Nanjing Road．
②介词on用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road．
(5)地点介词in，on，to的用法
①介词in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north of China．
②介词on表示“紧邻”，如：Canada lies on the north of the us
③介词to表示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England．
3．其他易混介词的用法辨析
(1)介词besides与except的用法介词besides表示“除……之外(全部计算在内)”，如：We have seen the crocodile besides LiFang．
介词except表示“除……之外(不计算在内)”，如：We are all Chinese except Tom in our class．
(2)介词of和from的用法
介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：The desk is made of wood．
介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wine is made from grapes．
(3)表示“用”的介词in，with，by的用法
①介词in表示“用材料、语言”，如：Can you say it in English
②介词with表示“用工具、某物”，如：with a pen
③介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过……方法”，如： He prefers traveling by car．
4．介词的搭配
(1)介词与动词的搭配
①动词+介词
look at…看……look like…看上去像…… look after．．．照料……listen to…听……
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：This is my new bike．Please look after it．
②动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语分为两类：
A动词(vt．)+副词 ： put on穿上 take off脱下 write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。如：
First listen to the tape，then write down the answer／write the answer down．
First listen to the answer，then write it down．
B．动词(饥．)+副词
come on赶快 get up起床 go home回家
come in进来 sit down坐下 stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。
(2)介词与形容词的搭配
①常见的与介词for搭配的形容词有：be late for，be famous for，be good for，be ready for，be sorry for。
②常见的与of搭配的形容词有：be afraid of，be full of，be proud of，be terrified of。
③常见的与in搭配的形容词有：be interested in，be successful in，be strict in。
④常见的与at搭配的形容词有：be angry at，be amazed at，be good at，be mad at。
⑤常见的与with搭配的形容词有：be strict with，be busy with，be angry with。
(3)介词与名词的搭配
in good health，on sale，on show，in danger，in public，by mistake，by accident，in the end，at present，in general，in trouble，on time，for example。
二、数词
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如one，five，ten，thirty，sixty-five等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如first，sixth，tenth，twenty-first等。
1．基数词
表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one，two，three等。构成方法如下：
(1)从1～l2分别由从one到twelve l2个各不相同的词表示。
(2)从13～19均以后缀一teen结尾。
(3)从20～90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符，如twenty-one，thirty-two，forty-three等。
(4)数字的写法和读法：
①十位与个位之间要加连字符虬”；
②百位和十位之间要加and；
③三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号“，”，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand，第二个逗号代表million，第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加and。
(5)表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred，thousand，million等数词后不能加-s，如five hundred，six thousand，seven million等。
(6)当hundred，thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。如：thousands of students，millions of trees。
2．序数词
(1)序数词1～19除first，second，third特殊式以外，其余的均在基数词后面加-th构成(特殊拼写的有：fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth)。
(2)以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词，先把y变为i，再加-eth。
(3)表示“第几十几”时，十位数的“几十”仍用基数词，只把个位部分变成序数词就行了。
(4)除上述情况外，均在词尾加-th，如：ten—tenth，one hundred—one hundredth。
3．数词的用法
(1)表示事物的编号。
基数词放到名词的后边，该名词一般要大写；序数词放到名词的前面，加定冠词。如：第一课Lesson l／the first lesson．第三排Row 3／the third row。
(2)年、日、时刻表达方法。
“年”用基数词，“日”用序数词，前要加定冠词。读的顺序是月日年。如：1999年5月2日读作：May the second，nineteen ninety。
(3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：
He is in his early twenties．他才二十出头。
This took place in the l930s．这事发生在20世纪30年代。
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·连云港) —Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker —only if you are eighteen．
A．over B．on C．under D．below
解析：本题考查介词。句意：—我可以参加乐施毅行者吗 —只有你超过十八岁。
答案：A
真题2 (2011·贵港) —Who else do you know at the party Jim and Tom —Lucy and Lily．
A．in B．next C．among D．besides
解析：本题考查介词的辨析。in“在……里面”，next“靠近”，amon9“在……其间”，besides“除……之外”。句意：你知道在晚会上除吉姆与汤姆之外的其他的人是谁 是鲁西与丽丽。
答案：D
真题3 (2011·泰安) —Your sweater looks nice，is it made of wool —Yes，and it’s made
Shanghai．
A．by B．in C．for D．from
解析：本题考查短语辨析。be made in表示事物于某地制造；be made by表示由谁制造；be made from表示由什么制造，单从表面看不出原物质。
答案：B
真题4 (2011·舟山)My parents usually take a walk ．dinner to keep healthy．
A．at B．of C．during D．after
解析：本题考查介词的用法。句意：我父母亲通常在饭后散步来保持健康；after dinner意为“饭后”，符合句意。
答案：D
真题5 (2011·郴州) —Excuse me，how can I get to the museum —Sorry．It’s my time to he here
A．one B．first C．once
解析：本题考查数词的用法。由句意“这是我第一次来这里”可知正确答案。
答案：B
名师预测
( )1．A lot of stone tables and chairs are of the river and the number of them isgrowing
A．on both side；greater B．on each side；more
C．on both sides；larger D．on each side；more
( )2．What’s happening people are standing in the middle of the street．
A．Two hundreds B．Two hundred of C．Hundreds of D．Hundred of
( )3．The moonlight goes the window and makes the room bright．
A．across B．through C．over D．in
( )4．Yao Ming is a great basketball player，we are proud him．
A．of B．to C．for D．at
( )5． a winter morning；Tom fell the ladder onto the ground．
A．In；off B．At；down C．On：off D．On；of
同步训练24介词和数词
一、单项选择
( )1．(2011·南宁)If you see a sign with“Business Hours：9：00--17：00”near the door of a shop，you can buy nothing from the shop at
A．2：00 p．m． B．10：00 a．m．
C．7：00 a．m． D．4：00 p．m
( )2．(2011·潍坊)On March ll，2011， earthquake hit Japan．
A．an B．a C．／ D．the
( )3．(2011·遵义)－Is this your visit to my hometown，Zunyi －No．I’ve been here many times．
A．one B．the first C．first D．the one
( )4．(2011·滨州)Now，everybody，please turn to Page and look at the I picture．
A Fifth；five B．Five；fifth C．Fifth；fifth D．Five；five
( )5．(2011·德阳)I don’t believe that this boy can paint such a nice picture．
A．five years old B．five-years-old
C．five-year-old D．five year old
( )6．(2011·泸州)There are over students in their school．
A．hundreds B．nine hundreds C．hundreds of D．nine hundred
( )7．(2011·凉山) －How was your day off yester day －Perfect!It was my grandma’s
birthday．We had a big cake．
A．eighty B．eightieth C．the eightieth
( )8．(2011·安顺) －David，how old is your father this year － ．And we just had a special party for his birthday last weekend．
A．Fortieth；forty B．Forty；forty
C．Forty；fortieth D．Fortieth；fortieth
( )9．(2011·广元) －How often do you exercise － ．
A．Two B．Twice C．Second D．Twos
( )10．(2011·广东)After the Asian Games， people came to Guangzhou for a visit
during holidays．
A．thousand B．thousands of C．five thousands D．five thousands of
( )11．(2011·泉州)I’m taller than Bill，but I sit him．
A．at the back of B．behind C．in front of D．far from
( )12．(2011·连云港) －Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker －Only if you are eighteen．
A．over B．on C．under D．below
( )13．(2011·遵义) our surprise，the twin sisters went to Peking University at the
same time last year．
A．With B．In C．To D．For
( )14．(2011·泰州)Audrey Hepburn was a ballet dancer a very young age．In her twenties she became a famous film star．
A．from B．in C．on D．at
( )15．(2011·江津) －How do you go home every day － bike．It’s not far from here．
A．On B．In C．With D．By
( )16．(2011·湖州)A terrible earthquake happened in Japan March，2011．
A．to B．on C．in D．at
( )17．(2011·安徽)What a nice day!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel．
A．because of B．instead of C．together with D．out of
( )18．(2011·德阳) －How do you study for a test － working with friends．
A．By B．With C．On D．For
( )19．(2011·上海)The university student borrowed some money his friends to start his own business．
A．from B．onto C．at D．in
( )20．(2011·杭州)For breakfast，I usually have and two pieces of bread．
A．a cup of milk half B．half a cup of milk
C．a half milk cup D．half a milk cup
( )21．(2011·达州) －If a=4，b=5，what’s the answer to the question“a+2ab+1= ” －
A．Forty-fifth B．Forty-five C．Twenty-three D．One hundred and twenty-one
( )22．(2011·黄冈) －Jackie Chan has donated dollars to charity．
－He is an example to us all．
A．thousand B．thoffsands C．thousand of D．thousands of
( )23．(2011·黄石)My uncle bought me an iPhone for my birthday．
A．twelve B．twelfth C．the twelve D．the twelfth
( )24．(2011·聊城)We’ll have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant，which is famous its food．
A．of B．to C．for D．as
( )25．(2011·芜湖) －Look!There are so many people in the park．－Nobody likes to stay at home Sunday morning．
A．in B．on C．at D．to
( )26．(2011·绍兴)Hundreds of students came toShaoxing to work the World Choir
Games in 2010．
A．at B．with C．for D．on
( )27．(2011·黄石)I wrote my brother last Saturday。but I haven’t heard him up to now．
A．from；to B．to；of C．to；to D．to；from
( )28．(2011·无锡)Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood．
A．of；of B．from；from C．of；from D．from；of
二、用适当的介词填空
1． a terrible rainy night。many farmers’houses were destroyed．
2．The famous writer William Shakespeare was born 1564．
3．－Would you like some coffee'
－Yes，and please get me some milk．I prefer coffee milk．
4．You’d better not always look up the new words the dictionary while reading．Sometimes
we need to guess．
5．My brother is two meters in height．It’s very difficult to find clothes big enough him．
6．We shouldn’t go to school breakfast．It’s bad for our health．
7．People the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple months ago．
8．The skirt feels soft．Is it made silk
9．－When will the party be held － two weeks’time．
10．－Mary，do you love popular music －Yes，I love music that I can sing along ．
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 CCBAC
【同步训练24】
一、1—5 CACBC 6—10 DBCBB 11—15 CACDD
16—20 CBAAB 21—25 BDBCB 26—28 CDC
二、1．On 2．in 3．with 4．in 5．for 6．without 7．in 8．of 9．In l0．with
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第3讲 形容词和副词
常考点解读
一、形容词
1．理解形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法。
2．记住常用形容词比较级和最高级的构成。
3．正确使用形容词比较级和最高级。
二、副词
1．理解副词表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法。
2．正确使用疑问副词when，where和how。
3．记住常用副词的比较级和最高级的构成。
4．正确使用副词比较级和最高级。
易混点突破
一、形容词
1．形容词的用法
(1)形容词一般在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如：
This is a red flag．这是面红旗。(定语)
I’m glad to meet you．见到你我很高兴。(表语)
I found the book very interesting．我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语)
(2)形容词在修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。如：
There is something new in today’s newspaper．今天的报纸上有些新东西。
(3)有些形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，它们常称为表语形容词。如：afraid，ill，asleep，awake，alone，alive，unable等。The little girl is afraid of dogs．这个小女孩怕狗。
I am ill in bed today．今天我生病卧床休息。
2．形容词的比较级和最高级
(1)形容词比较级、最高级的构成
①规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-er或-est。多音节和部分双音节形容词，在词前加more或most。(见下表)
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况在原级词尾加-er构成比较级．加-est构成最高级 hightall highertaller highesttallest
以e结尾的词，直接加-r或-st large larger largestmtest
重读闭音节，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词，先双写这一辅音字母再加-er或-est bigthinhot biggerthinnerhotter biggestthinnesthottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先变…y为“i’’再加-er或est happyheavy happierheavier happiestheaviesteasiest
在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级 dangerousbeautiful more dangerousmore beautiful most dangerousmost beautiful
②不规则变化
有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。(见下表)
原级 。 比较级 最高级
good／well better best
bad／ill wrose worrst
many／much more most
little less 1east
far farther／further farthest／furthest
old older／elder oldest／eldest
注：far的比较级farther表示“更远的”，而further则表示“更进一步的”。如：I can’t go any further．The police decided to investigate further．警方决定作进一步调查。
elder和eldest表示兄弟、姐妹之间的长幼关
系。如：Liu is the eldest sister in her family．刘是她家中的大姐。
(2)形容词比较级的用法
①两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“…比较级+than…”。如：Actions speak louder than words．
②在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which／Who is+比较级…．or… ”。如： Which sweater is cheaper，the red one or the yellow one
③表示“两者之间最……的一个”时，用“the+比较级”。如：Lucy is the taller of the twins．
④表示“越……，越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”。如：The more you eat，the fatter you will become．
⑤表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+形容词原级”。如：We should make our country more and more beautiful．
⑥形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much，a little，far，a bit，a few，a lot，even，still，rather等。如：It’s much colder today than yesterday．
⑦表示“和……一样”，常用“as+形容词原级+as+比较对象”结构。如：Our classroom is as big as theirs．
⑧表示“不如……”时，常用“not+as／so+形容词原级+as+比较对象”结构。如：Mrs Green is not as old as her look．
(3)形容词最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，句末常接in／of短语来表示范围。如：He is the strongest of all the boys．
②表示“最……之一”时，用“one of+the+最高级”。如：The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions．
③形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。如：Yesterday is her happiest day in her life．
二、副词
1．副词的用法
(1)副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、副词的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。如：The little boy went into the room quickly．
(2)副词在句子中的位置
①多数副词放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般放在宾语之后。如：The students are playing games happily．
②频度副词，如always，usually，often，sometimes等通常放在动词前，助动词和情态动词以及be动词之后。如：Uncle Wang is often late for work．
③enough修饰名词时，放在名词的前面；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在形容词或副词后面。如：
I have enough money to buy a dictionary．My sister is not old enough to go to school．
2．副词的比较级和最高级
(1)副词和形容词一样，有原级、比较级和最高级，它的比较级和最高级变化与形容词相似，请参照形容词的变化规则。
(2)副词比较级的用法
①表示同等程度的比较，用as+副词比较级+as”的句型。如：Jim can run as fast as Tom．
②表示“不如”或“不相等”用“not+as／so+副词原级+as”的句型。如：I can’t sing as well as you．
③副词比较级常用于“副词比较级+than”的句型。副词比较级前可用much，a little，even，far等词修饰，表示比较的程度。如：She swims much more quickly than any other girl．
(3)副词最高级的用法
副词的最高级常用于“(the)+最高级+比较范围的介词短语或从句”的句型。表示三者或三者以上范围的之最，副词最高级的定冠词the可以省略。如：Who draws best，John，Jim or Jack
3．疑问副词when，where，why，how等的用法
(1)表示时间的疑问副词：—When will you come back —Next week．
(2)表示地方的疑问副词：
—Where(=In what place)does he live —In Zhejiang．
—Where(=To what place)are you going —To Zhejiang．
—Where do you come from —From America．
(3)表示方法、态度的疑问副词：
—How did you learn English so well —I learned it by practicing it every day．
—How do you go to school every day —By bicycle．
—How does Tom do his job —He does his job very carefully．
(4)表示程度或数量的疑问副词：
How do you like your new job
—How do you like it —Not bad．／It’s OK．／I like it very much．
How fast can he run
(5)表示原因的疑问副词：
Why did you come to school late this morning
Why not go to the party =Why don’t you go to the party
Why did you come here
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·哈尔滨)English people can’t give up hamburgers or fried chicken because they’re delicious．However，the French are changing．They aren’t interested in food like before．
A．fast B．Healthy C．natural
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。根据句意：英国人依然留恋汉堡和炸鸡，而法国人在改变。他们不再像从前，对快餐感兴趣了。
答案：A
真题2 (2011·哈尔滨)The woman is very busy so she watches TV．
A．often B．always C．seldom D．almost
解析：本题考查频度副词辨析。句意为：“这个妇女很忙，以至于她几乎很少看电视。”often“经常”，always“总是”，seldom“几乎很少”，almost“几乎”。
答案：C
真题3 (2011·崇左) —Dad，how can I get on well with my classmates —Try to be friendly to them．That will make it much ．
A．easily B．more easily C．easy D．easier
解析：本题考查动词make的用法以及比较级。make后跟形容词充当宾语补足语，much后跟形容词的比较级：
答案：D
真题4 (2011·清远)Li Hua studies English very and her English is in her
class．
A．careful；good B．carefully；well
C．eareful；best D．carefully；the best
解析：本题考查形容词和副词的用法。Studies English为动词词组，修饰动词得用副词修饰，故排除A和C。is是系动词，故排除B。
答案：D
真题5 (2011·徐州)We’ve got no coffee．Let’s have tea ．
A．either B．however C．yet D．instead
解析：本题考查词义辨析。either意为“也(不)”，通常用于否定句，位于句末；however意为“然而”，通常位于句首或句中；yet意为“还，仍然，可是”；instead意为“代替；替代”，用于祈使句中时，只能位于句末，强调不做前面的事情，而做后面的事。句意：我们没有咖啡了，喝茶吧。
答案：D
名师预测
( )1．The students from Xinjiang enjoy staying in our school because everyone is to them．
A．friendly B．gently C．happily D．politely
( )2．—How do you like the game show — ．I can’t stand it．
A．Funny B．Important C．Perfect D．Awful
( )3．They have just cleaned the windows，so the room looks ．
A．brightest B．least bright C．less bright D．much brighter
( )4．I don’t have any close friends here．I feel from time to time．
A．alone B．happy C．lonely D．proud
( )5．— do I save the document on the computer —Please click“save”and write a name for it．
A ．What B．How C．When D．Where
同步训练25形容词和副词
一、单项选择
( )1．(2011·合肥)We felt when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race．
A．brave B．proud C．successful D．worried
( )2．(2011·合肥)Jack is good at drawing．I think no one draws ．
A．better B．best C．worse D．worst
( )3．(2011·桂林)Li Hua’s shoes are as as Zhang Hui’s．
A．cheap B．cheaper C．the cheaper D．the cheapest
( )4．(2011·呼和浩特) －What do you think of Tom’s speaking －No one does in our class．
A．good B．better C．well D．best
( )5．(2011·南宁)Oxford University is with tourists for its beautiful old buildings．
A．different B．famous C．special D．popular
( )6．(2011·雅安)His grandparents live in a small house，but they don’t feel
A．lonely；alone B．alone；lonely
C．lonely；lonely D．alone；alone
( )7．(2011·凉山) － What a careful boy you are! －Thank you．In fact，Tom does everything
than me．
A．more carefully B．more careful C．much careful D．much carefully
( )8．(2011·崇左) －Dad，how can I get on well with my classmates －Try to be friendly to them．That will make it much ．
A．easily B．more easily C．easy D．easier
( )9．(2011·泰州) －Who is suitable for the newchairperson of the Students’Union
－David is．He is enough to come up with new ideas．
A．imaginative B．humorous C．modest D．outgoing
( )10．(2011·菏泽) －Which city is your favorite －Hangzhou，of course．It’s the
place that l want to visit．
A ．worse B．worst C．better D．best
( )11．(2011·乐山) －Susan，you know what We can have a dog!－Great!But I prefer to have a cat．It is much to look after．
A．easy B．easier C．easiest
( )12．(2011·台州) －It’s going to rain．Let me fetch an umbrella for you．一Thank you!You are so ．
A．lucky B．kind C．relaxed D．interesting
( )13．(2011·金华) －It’s so cold today．－Yes．it’s colder than it was yesterday．
A．some B．more C．very D．much
( )14．(2011·丽水)In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money during the Spring Festival．
A．finally B．1uckily C．simply D．especially
( )15．(2011·临沂)Stay away from junk food，please．It’s bad for us， for children!
A．recently B．especially C．probably D．nearly
( )16．(2011·贺州) －Many people eat meat than they did before．－Yes，that’s why they’re getting fatter and fatter．
A．more B．less C．fewer D．much
( )17．(2011·滨州) －Do you often go to the gym －No， ．I don’t like sports at all．
A．always B．never C．sometimes D．usually
( )18．(2011·湖州)Sally used to be ，but now she enjoys meeting and talking to new friends．
A．active B．shy C．honest D．outgoing
( )19．(2011·南京) －Mr Smith，I don’t think we can get there on time by bike．－You mean it’s for us to take a taxi
A．necessary B．important C．possible D．difficult
( )20．(2011·黄冈) －Did Kate do best in the final exam －No．but of all the students she did
A．the most careful B．more careful C．most carefully D．more carefully
( )21．(2011·江西) －We’re doing a lot to protect our environment，but it is not good enough．
－So we should try to look after it．
A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．hardly
( )22．(2011·襄阳) －Why do you keep the windows open on such a cold day －There are so many students here．so we want to keep the air nice and ．
A．cold B．dry C．cool D．clean
( )23．(2011·十堰) －Terra，you shouldn’t be so ．You always leave your things here and there．－Sorry，mom．I’ll put them away soon．
A．terrified B．cheerful C．careless D．frightened
( )24．(2011·凉山)I have to tell you．Maybe you will be in it．
A．interesting something；interested
B．something interesting；interesting
C．something interesting；interested
D．interesting something；interesting
( )25．(2011·深圳) －There is a smile on Miss Gao’s face．She must be with Sam’s work．
－I think so．No one did as as him in our class．
A．angry；well B．pleasing；good C strict；good D．pleased；well
( )26．(2011·宁波) －Wrould you mind staying in such a noisy room －No，but my son needs a place to study in．
A．cleaner B．quieter C．safer D．smaller
( )27．(2011·邵阳)Dear students，please read every sentence carefully．The more you are，the mistakes you’11 make．
A ．carefully；fewer B．careful；less C．careful；fewer
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Tom did his homework so (care)that he made many mistakes．
2．The boy fell off the high tree，but (1uck)he wasn’t badly hurt．
3．You look so (worry)．What’s the matter with you
4．Which subject do you like (well)，math，English or Chinese
5．In order to keep healthy，you should eat (little)fast food，(many)fresh vegetables and take enough exercises．
6．The children are playing in the park (happy)．
7．The boy fell (sleep)as soon as he lay down．
8．The dictionary is a little expensive，but it’s very (help)．
9．He worked out the problem (success)at last．
10．Every day the old man does morning exercises in order to be much (health)．
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 ADDCB
【同步训练25】
一、1—5 BAABD 6—10 BADAD 11 —15 BBDDB
16—20 ABBAC 21—25 BDCCD 26—27 BC
二、1．carelessly 2．1uckily 3．worried 4．best 5．less，more 6．happily 7．asleep 8．helpful 9．successfully l0．healthier
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第4讲代词和连词
常考点解读
一、代词
1．熟练运用人称代词和物主代词的用法。
2．理解反身代词的单复数形式。
3．理解指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词的用法。
二、连词
熟练运用and，but，or等常用连词。
易混点突破
一、代词
1．人称代词
(1)人称代词是指人的代词，有人称(第一人称、第二人称和第三人称)、数(单数、复数)和格(主格、宾格)之分。如下表：
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 hesheit himherit they them
(2)人称代词有两种用法
①人称代词的主格放在谓语前，在句中充当主语。如：
He waited a while then went home．他等了一会儿然后就回家了。
②人称代词的宾格放在动词和介词的后面，在句中充当宾语。如：
Could you pass me the salt 你能把盐递给我吗
2．物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。如下表：
我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 yours his hers its 0urs yours theirs
(1)形容词性物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能作定语修饰后面的名词。如：
Some one is looking for you，his name is Tom．有人找你，他的名字是汤姆。
②形容词性物主代词与own连用，表示强调。如： I saw it with my own eyes．我亲眼看见它。
(2)名词性物主代词可用作主语、宾语、表语以及与“of”连接的定语。如：
Li Hua，s bike is red，and yours is green．李华的自行车是红色的，而你的是绿色的。
That car is mine，not yours．那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。
Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street．昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。
3．反身代词
(1)反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。反身代词第一、二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-self(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self(复数加-selves)构成。如下表：
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
(2)反身代词的用法
反身代词可用作宾语、表语、主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调“本人，自己”。如：
I am teaching myself computer．(宾语)
The child himself drew this picture．(主语同位语)
You should ask the children themselves．(宾语同位语)
4．指示代词
表示这个(this)，那个(that)，这些(these)，那些(those)以及it，such，some等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。如：
These aren’t our books．(主语) Throw it like this．(宾语) My pen is this．(表语)
Ann bought those flowers yesterday．(定语)
5．疑问代词
疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的代词，主要有who，whom，whose，what和which等。其中who，whom，whose只能指人，what和which可指人或物，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：
Who is here just now (主语) Whom are you looking for (宾语)
Whose book is this (定语) What is this (表语)
Which one do you like，this one or that one (定语)
6．不定代词
没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词如下：all，any，another，both，each，every，either，few，little，many，much，n0，none，neither，one，other，some以及由some，any，no，every和body，one，thing构成的复合词。
(1)some和any
①some意为“一些，某些，某个”，多用在肯定
句中；用于表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定
回答的疑问句中等。如：
There are a lot of flowers in the garden， some are white，which I like very much．花园里有许多花，一些是白色的，我特别喜欢。
Will you have some coffee，please 喝点咖啡吗
②any意为“一些，任何”，多用于否定句或疑问句中，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，any作定语时，它所修饰的名词没有单复数限制，一般多用复数；any用在肯定句中，表示“任何”。
Do you have any books 你有书吗 You can come any time．你什么时候都可以来。
(2)no和none
①no意为“无，没有”，在句中作定语。表示否定，语气要比not any强。如：
She knows no English．她根本就不懂英语。 I have no bike．我没有自行车。
②none既可以指人也可以指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数；若指复数名词时，则谓语可用单数(较正式)，也可以用复数(非正式语体)。如：
None of the milk can be used．没有牛奶可以用。
None of the films is／are worth seeing．没有电影值得看。
(3)many和much
①many意为“许多”，在句中作主语、宾语、定语。many在句中代替可数名词。如：
Many of the students like English very much．许多学生非常喜欢英语。
I have many books to give you．我有许多书要给你。
②much意为“许多”，在句中作主语、宾语、定语。much在句中代替不可数名词。如：
There is not much ink in the bottle．瓶子里没多少墨水了。
(4)little，a little，few和a few
a few和few用来修饰可数名词，a little和little用来修饰不可数名词；little和few意为“几乎没有”，表示否定意义；a little和a few意为“少数；少量”，表示肯定意义。它们在句中作主语、宾语、定语。如：
Few of the books are cheap now,现在没几本书是便宜的。
A few friends came to see me yesterday．昨天有几个朋友来看我。
I have a little money to buy the book．我的这点钱能买这本书。
There is little water in the thermos．暖水瓶里没多少水了。
(5)both，either和neither
both为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作主语：
Both(of them)enjoyed the rice．他们两人都喜欢吃米饭。
Neither(of us)is a doctor．我们俩都不是医生。
Either(of you)will go．随你们哪个去都可以。
注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数形式。neither，either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
作定语：
Both Zhang Hua’s father and mother work in ahospital，but neither-one is a doctor．
张华的父母亲都在医院工作，但都不是医生。
You may take either apple．两个苹果任你拿一个。
作宾语：
I like both of the toys very much．我非常喜欢这两件玩具。
The boy could find neither of them and went away．这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。
both还可作同位语，它在句中的位置是在be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。如：
Thev are both in good health．他们两人身体都很好。
They will both go there．他们两人都会到那儿去。
They both agreed to take part in the birthdayparty．他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。
此外，either可作副词用于否定句，表示“也”，相当于肯定句中的“too”；neither表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中。如：
This is not mine．That is not，either．这不是我的，那也不是。
I don’t like to play football．Neither does he．我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。
She hasn’t got a bike．Neither have I．她没自行车，我也没有。
(6)one，another，the other，others，the others和the rest
①one常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。如：
I hayen't got a ball pen．I’ll have to buy one(=a ball pen)．我没圆珠笔，我得去买一枝。
He is one to think more of others．他是个能多为别人着想的人。
②the other，another都可解释为“另一个”。other加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another指三者以上中的另一个。如：
He has two brothers．One is a doctor，the other is a teacher．他有两个兄弟，一个是医生，另一个是老师。
We’ve received two parcels，one from my uncle。the other from my aunt．我们收到两
个包裹，一个来自我叔叔，一个来自我阿姨。
I don’t like this one，show me another，please．我不喜欢这个，请给我看看另一个。
I’ve iust bought three things．One is a walkman，another is a pocket calculator，the third is a video game．我买了三件东西，一个是随身听，另一个是袖珍计算器，第三个是视频游戏。
③another还有“再……”的意思，如：
Have another cup of coffee，please．再喝一杯咖啡吧!
She has to stay here for another week．她将在这里再待一个星期。
@other有“另外”的含义。如：
Where are the other students 其他学生在哪里
The boy is much cleverer than the other two．这孩子比另外两个更聪明。
⑤others和the others表示复数的泛指和特指。如：
In the park some are playing games．Others are walking near the river．公园里有些人在
玩游戏，其余的人在河边散步。
I have five colour pencils．One is red。another is blue and the others are greem我有5
枝彩色笔，一枝是红的，另一枝是蓝的，其余的是绿的。
⑥the rest也可作“其余的”解释，它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。如： ·
The rest of his life was spent in America．他的余生是在美国度过的。
He has eight books．Two are in English．
The rest are in Chinese．他有八本书，两本是英文，其余的是中文。
二、连词
1．连词的分类
连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and，but，or，for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从旬的连词如that，whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when，because，since，if等。
2．连词的用法
(1)并列连词的用法
①表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but，yet等。如：
Someone borrowed my pen。but I don’t remember who．有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记
得是谁了。
He said he was our friend，yet he wouldn’t help us．他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。
②表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for，so等。如：
The child had a bad cough。So his mother took him to the doctor．
这孩子咳得很厉害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness，for it often leads to serious errors．
你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。
注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。
③表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and，or，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but(also)，both…and。as well as等。如：
He didn’t go and she didn’t go either．他没去，她也没去。
The weather is mild today：it is neither hot nor cold．今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。
Both New York and London have traffic problems．纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
It is important for you as well as for me．这对你和对我都很重要。
People who are either under age or over age may not join the army．年龄不到或者超龄的
人都不得参军。
(2)从属连词的用法
①引导时间状语从句的从属连词。
1)表示“当……时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要有when，while，as，whenever。如：
Don’t talk while you’re eating．吃饭时不要说话。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh．蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving．我正要走时他来了。
2)表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要有before，after。如：
Try to finish your work before you leave．离开前设法把工作做完。
After we have finished tea，we will sit onthe grass．喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。
3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要有since，until，till。如：
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight．她从八岁起就打网球了。
Hold on until I fetch help．坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you．(谚)不要无事惹事。
4)表示“一……就”的时间连词。主要有as soon as，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，once，no sooner…than，hardly．．．when等。如：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her．我一接她的信就通知你。
The moment I have finished I’11 give you a call．我一千完就给你打电话。
I came immediately I heard the news．我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。
②引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if，unless，as(so)long as，in case等。如：
Do you mind if I open the window 我开窗你不介意吧
Don't come unless I telephone．除非我打电话，否则你别来。
As long as you’re happy，it doesn’t matter what you do．只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。
注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：
If you will sit down for a few moments，I’ll tell the manager you’re here．请稍坐，我这就通知经理说您来了。
③引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有in order that，so…that等。如：
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear．他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。
④引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有so that。so…that，such…that等。如：
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat．我去听演讲去得很早，所以找个好座位。
I had so many falls that l was black and blue all over．我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。
⑤引导原因状语从句的从属连词。‘主要有because，as，since，如：
He distrusted me because I was new．他不信任我，因为我是新来的。
As you are sorry，I’ll forgive you．既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。
Since we've no money，we can’t buy it． 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。
⑥引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有although，though，even though，even if，
while。however，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever等。如：
Although they are twins，they look entirely different．他们虽是孪生，但是相貌却完全
不同。
I like her even though she can be annoying．尽管她有时很恼人，但我还是喜欢她。
You won't move that stone，however strong you are．不管你力气多大，也休想搬动那块石头。
Whatever we have achieved，we owe to your support．我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们
的支持。
Whoever you are，you can’t pass this way．不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。
Whenever I see him I speak to him每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。
⑦引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as，as if，as though等。如：
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubbe r．他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。
⑧引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where，wherever，everywhere，anywhere等。如：
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple．
这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址上。
I’ll take you anywhere you like．你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。
Everywhere I go，I find the same thing．不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。
⑨引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要确than和as…as。如：
She was now happier than she had ever been．现在她比过去任何时候都快活。
I glanced at my watch．It was earlier thanthought．我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。
He doesn’t work as hard as she does．他工作不像她那样努力。
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·佛山)Parents care about children’s education more than anything else．
A．their B．them C．theirs
解析：本题考查代词。名词前面用名词性物主代词。
答案：A
真题2 (2011·聊城) —How do you like the story —Interesting， the end of it is not perfeet．
A．so B．though C．or D．because
解析：本题考查连词的用法。so意为“因此”；though意为“虽然，尽管”；or意为“否则，或者”．because意为“因为”。句意：一你觉得这个故事怎样 一有趣，尽管结尾不是完美的。
答案：B
真题3 (2011·内江)I like the MP3， it’s too expensive．
A．but B．so C．and
解析：本题考查连词的用法。but意为“但是”，
表转折；so意为“因此”，表结果；and意为“又，而”，袁并列或承接。句意：我喜欢这部MP3，但是它太昂贵了．
答案：A
真题4 (2011·贺州) —Is that schoolbag —No． is white．
A．his；His B．her：His C．he；His D．her：Her
解析：本题考查代词辨析。根据句意：—这是他的书包吗 —不，他的是白色的。形容词性物主代词在句中作定语。答句中需要主语，所以需要名词性物主代词。he的形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词都为his。
答案：A
真题5 (2011·宿迁)we have two foneign teachers here．One is from England，and is from America．
A．another B．the other C．other D．the others
解析：本题考查one…the other…的用法。使用one…the other…时，我们通常是针对两者而言的。即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”。句意：我们有两个外国老师，一个来自英国，另一个来自美国。
答案：B
名师预测
( )1．—How about having a picnic with me —I’d love to， I’m afraid I have no time．
A．so B and C but D．or
( )2．Keep off the drugs(毒品)， you and your family will be in great danger．
A．and B．or C．but D．so
( )3． is impossible if you put your heart into it．
A．Anything B．Something C．Everything D．Nothing
( )4．一Wow!What a lovely e-dog!Is it yours --Yes，it's ．My father bought it
for me yesterday．
A．my B．yours C．mine D．your
( )5．Making friends is not easy．Sometimes it can take years you become true
friends with someone．
A．before B．after C．because D．unless
同步训练26代词和连词
一、单项选择
( )1．(2011·泉州)This is my sweater．Where’s
A．you B．yours C．your D．yourself
( )2．(2011·桂林)This is MP4．Yours is over there．
A．my B．me C．I D．mine
( )3．(2011·宜宾)I have two brothers．One is a teacher， is a doctor．
A．another B．other C．others D．the other
( )4．(2011·天津) －Is this ruler －No． is over there．
A．her；Her B．her；Hers C．hers；Hers D．hers；Her
( )5．(2011·崇左)I feel my stomach terrible．I think I ate at lunch time．
A．something bad B．something good
C．bad something D．good something
( )6．(2011·贵港) －What do you think of the two backpacks － of them are very nice．
A．Either B．Both C．Each D．An
( )7．(2011·菏泽)We can easily become unhappy we work out our problems in our daily lire．
A．after B．if C．until D．unless
( )8．(2011·滨州) －What was your brother doing at this time yesterday
－He was reading a magazine I was writing an e-mail at home．
A．as soon as B．after C．until D．while
( )9．(2011·杭州)I really enjoyed your lecture， there were some parts I didn’t quite
understand．
A because B．unless C．though D．after
( )10．(2011·杭州)It’s too Iate to invite any more people． ，you know how Tim hates partms．
A．Besides B．However C．Still D．Instead
( )11．(2011·乐山) －Will you come over for dinner on Monday or Tuesday －I’m afraid
day is OK．I’ll fly to Paris on holiday for the whole week．
A．neither B．either C．both
( )12．(2011·台州) －How did your uncle learn to play the guitar －By ．
A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself
( )13．(2011·潍坊)The banana pie tastes delicious．Could I!lave another ．
A．one B．it C．this D．that
( )14．(2011·内江)Work hard at English is difficult if you put your heart into it．
A．Anything B．Something C．Nothing D．Everything
( )15．(2011·青岛)Harry Potter is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read
A．it B．this C．that D．one
( )16．(2011·泉州)You should finish your lessons you go to play．
A．while B．as C．before D．when
( )17．(2011·南宁．)Please hurry up， you’ll be late for school．
A．but B．and C．or， D．so
( )18．(2011·丽水) －I can stay and help you you like． －So nice of you，Bill．
A．until B．though C．if D．and
( )19．(2011·青岛) －I suggest buying her a Teddy Bear for her birthday．－
someone else brings the same present
A．1f B．What C．What if D．How about
( )20．(2011·资阳)You have coughed for several days，Bill．Stop smoking， you’ll
get better soon．
A．but B．after C．or D．and
( )21．(2011·济宁)Most students think they should have time and energy’to develop their own interests．
A．few B．less C．little D．more
( )22．(2011·北京)I’m talking to you，Jack．lease listen to carefully．
A．me B．mine C．you D．yours
( )23．(2011·宜宾)He didn’t go to school yesterday he was ill
A．because B．becftuse of C．if D．so
( )24．(2011·武汉) －Where is Leo He said he would come tonight!－Yes．he say so, we can’t find him now．
A．and B．so C．but D．or
( )25．(2011·芜湖) －Do you like sports －Yes,I do some running in the park everyday
the weather is terrible．
A．if B．after C．unless D．while
( )26．(2011·南宁)My friend Tom comes from Canada and is a tall boy with blue eyes·
A．he B．his C．she D．it
( )27．(201 1·连云港) －Oh．the traffic is so heavy．－Let’s change route to the airport．
A．other B．others C．the other D．another
( )28．(2011·莆田) －Doyou know Li Na －Of course．She’’a great tennis player
comes from Hubei，China．
A．who B．what C．which D．that
( )29．(2011·呼和浩特) －Are Mr．and Mrs．Wang living alone in the house －Yes，although they have three sons， of them live with their parents．
A．neither B．both C．all D．none
( )30．(2011·菏泽) you do，don’t miss this exhibition，for it’s so hard for me to get
the tickets．
A．Whatever B．However C．Whenever D．Whether
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The children enjoyed (them)at the party last night．
2． (where)you go，you should follow the Party．
3．－Bob，is this your dictionary －No，it isn’t．Ask Sally．She is looking for (her)．
4．Does (someone)know the answer to the question
5．－ Alice，is this your dictionary －Let me see．Oh，no． (my)is in my bag．
6．－Where did you go for your winter vacation －My family went to Paris． (us)had a great time．
7．－ (Who)bike is this －I think it’s Peter’s．
8．－Tomorrow is David’s tenth birthday．－Yes．Let’s give (he)a CD．He likes music．
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 CBDCA
【同步训练26】
一、1—5 BADBA 6—10 BDDCA 11—15 ADACA
16—20 CCCCD 21—25 DAACC 26—30 ADADA
二、1．themselves 2．Wherever 3．hers 4．anyone 5．Mine 6．We 7．Whose 8．him
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第5讲动词
常考点解读
一、动词的分类：实义动词、情态动词、连系动词、助动词
1．记住常用规则动词和不规则动词的变化形式。
2．能根据句意或上下文正确使用动词的适当形式。
3．正确使用常见实义动词和情态动词。
4．熟练运用表示将来的be going to。
5．熟练运用there be结构的肯定、否定和疑问形式。
6．理解和掌握一些近义动词的不同用法和一些动词的常用固定搭配及用法。
7．正确使用连系动词和助动词。
二、动词的时态
1．熟练运用动词的六种时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时j过去进行时、现在完成时)。
2．理解两种时态(过去完成时、过去将来时)的基本用法。
三、动词的语态
熟练运用一般将来时、一般过去时、常用情态动词的被动语态。
四、非谓语动词
1．熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
2．理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法。
3．能根据句意或上下文，正确使用动词的适当形式。
4．记住一些常用动词与动词不定式、动名词和分词的固定搭配。
5．掌握一些使用非谓语动词的常用句型。
易混点突破
1．动词的分类：实义动词、情态动词、连系动词、助动词
(1)实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。如：
The writer is writing a new book．不及物动词本身词义完整，后面不用跟宾语。如：The rain stops．
(2)情态动词
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话者对某一行为或状态的看法或态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词有must，should，may，might',need，can，could，would，have to，be able to等，在情态动词后面直接加not，构成该否定形式，把情态动词前置于句首，构成一般疑问句句式。
(3)连系动词
连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。最常用的连系动词是be，还有感官动词feel，look，sound，smell，taste，seem等。 、
(4)助动词
助动词必须和主要动词一起构成谓语。用来表示动词的时态、语态、语气等特征，并可以构成否定句、疑问句等形式。常见的助动词有：do，does，did，am，is，are，was，were，will。shall，would，had，has，have等。
2．动词的时态
作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生或状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。英语动词有八种常用的时态。
(1)一般现在时：表示现状、性质、状态和经常或习惯性的动作。通常以动词原形表示，主语为第三人称单数时，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。常见的时间状语有：often，always，usually，sometimes，every day，once a month等。如：We go to school at 7：30 every morning．
(2)一般过去时：表示过去某一段时间发生的动作和事情。常见的时间状语有：yesterday，last sunday，then，at that time，just now，a few days ago，the day before yesterday等。如： Tom was not a good student last year．
(3)现在进行时：表示某个动作正在进行或某件事情正在发生。结构：be(am，is，are)+doing(动词的现在分词)。常与now，right now，at the moment，at present等时间状语连用。如：He is reading a newspaper now．
(4)过去进行时：表示过去正在进行的动作。结构：was／were+doin9。常与at this time yesterdav，at that time，when及as等引导的时间状语从旬连用。如：He was cleaning the street at this time yesterday．
(5)一般将来时：表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：will／shall+do(动词原形)，或be going to do sth,，常与tomorrow，next year,soon，in two days’time等时间状语连用。如：
We will be stronger and taller next year．I am going to study for a test tonight．
(6)过去将来时：表示对过去某一时间来说，将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。结构：be(was／were)going to do，would+do，should+do。如：I wondered if she would enter the meeting．
(7)现在完成时：表示某个动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响(结果)，这个动作或状态可能已结束也可能还要继续。结构：have／has+done(动词的过去分词)。常见的标志词有：yet，already，just，ever，never，before，for+一段时间，since+过去时间，since从句，in the past／last two years，up to now等。如：We have done it before．
(8)过去完成时：表示过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：had+过去分词。如：The bus had left when we got there．
3．动词的语态：主动语态、被动语态被动语态的基本构成：助动词+及物动词的过去分词，现在以动词do为例，如下表：
时态 主动语态 -被动语态
一般现在时 do／does am／is／are+done
一般过去时 did was／were done
现在进行时 am／is／are doing am／is／are being done
现在完成时 have／has done have／has been done
一般将来时 will／shall do will／shall+be+done
情态动词 can／may／must do can／may／must be done
4．非谓语动词
非谓语动词不能独立充当谓语，不受主语限制，没 有时态和语态。它有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。
(1)动词不定式结构：to do(动词原形)，有时可以不带to，否定式是not to do。用法：
To watch TV is my favorite．(作主语)We decided to put off the meeting．(作宾语)
His wish is to become a policeman．(作表语)He made me laugh．(作宾语补足语)
I was made to laugh by him(作宾语补足语) I had something to eat．(作定语)
They are looking for a place to live in．(作状语)
(2)动名词
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。如：
Seeing is believing．(作主语) He enjoyed listening to music．(作宾语)
His favorite sport is skating．(作表语) I'll be a running star in the future．(作定语)
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·安顺)－Look at the sign on the right．－Oh，parking here．
A ．doesn’t allow B．isn’t allowed C．didn't allowed D．wasn’t allowed
解析：本题考查语态。根据句意“在这儿停车是不允许的”，park是allow的宾语，当主语和谓语动词是动宾关系时，应该是被动语态。
答案：B
真题2 (2011·无锡)There’s a lot to do．We can’t to waste any time．
A．wait B．afford C．want D．have
解析：can’t afford to do sth“负担不起”是固定搭配，句意：我们不能再浪费时间了。
答案：B
真题3 (2011·无锡) －Peter doesn’t mind lending you his camera． －He ．I’ve already borrowed one．
A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
解析：根据I’ve already borrowed one．“我已经借到一架了。”可推知彼得“不必”再借给我了，故答案选A；而can’t“不可能”，mustn’t“不准、不应该、不允许”，shouldn’t“不该”，均不合句意，故排除。
答案：A
真题4 (2011·淄博) －How nice your watch is!How much did you for it －120 yuan．
A．pay B．Cost C．spend D．take
解析：本题考查动词辨析。四个选项只有pay可以与for连用。
答案：A
真题5 (2011·雅安)She this book for nearly three weeks．
A．has borrowed B．has lent C．has bought D．has kept
解析：本题考查延续性动词的用法。时间状语为：for nearly three weeks，用延续性动词。borrow，lend，buy均为非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用。
答案：D
名师预测
( )1．My father went to Shanghai yesterday．He back in two weeks．
A．comes B．has come C．will come D．came
( )2．It’s spring now．The students trees these weeks．
A．plant B．are planting C．will plant D．planted
( )3．－ you your booktothe library －Yes．I returned it yesterday．
A．Did；return B．Have：returned C．Will；return D．Do；return
( )4．－Must I finish it now －No，you ．
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
( )5．Though it’s cloudy now，it get sunny later．
A．can B．may C．must D．need
( )6．It is in the library．you talk loudly．
A．may not B．can’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t
( )7．－I called you last night but do one answered the phone．－I dinner with my friends in the restaurant．
A．have B．had C．was having D．have had
( )8．If you have lost a library book．you have to it．
A．find out B．look after C．pay for D．take care
( )9．It’s true that Shakespeare’s plays by so many people every year．
A．see B．will see C．are seeing D．are seen
( )10．－Why did the policeman stop us －He told us not so fast in this street．
A．drive B．driving C．to drive D．drove
同步训练27动词
单项选择
( )1．(2011·宁夏) －When will he leave for Shanghai －As soon as he his work．
A．finished B．will finish C．is finishing D．finishes
( )2．(2011·广东)Smoking is bad for your health．You’d better ．
A．set it up B．give it up C．pick it up D．look it up
( )3．(2011·河北)This sentence right．Please write it down．
A．feels B．sounds C．tastes D．smells
( )4．(2011·梅州)He all his money to charity after he died．
A．gave；up B．gave；in C．gave；away D．gave；out
( )5．(2011·宿迁)If there is any change to the plan，I you as soon as possible．
A．told B．have told C．tell D．will tell
( )6．(2011·徐州)What bad weather it was!We decided ．
A．to go out B．not to go out C．to not go out D．not going out
( )7．(2011·东营)Don’t too late，or you’ll be tired during daytime．
A．get up B．set up C．stay up D．show up
( )8．(2011·资阳)Hurry up，Mike．You must get to the airport an hour before the plane ．
A．gets off B．turns off C．takes off D．puts off
( )9．(2011·宁波) －Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet(子弹)Fly －Yes，it made me many times．
A．laugh B．cry C．sleep D．sing
( )10．(2011·凉山)My parents often ask me too much time computer games．
A．not to spend；playing
B．not to spend；to play
C．to not spend；play
( )11．(2011·兰州)“Don， to strangers on your way to and from school”，mother often to me．
A．speak；says B．speak；tells C．talk；speaks D．talk；tells
( ) 2．(2011·江津)The sick girl to hospital by her mother yesterday．
A．is taken B．takes C．took D．was taken
( )13．(2011·岳阳)Would you mind me how English words
A．tell；to remember
B．tellin9；remember
C．tellin9；to remember
( )14．(2011·河源)Remember the book to the library when you finish it．
A．to return；to read B．returning；reading
C．to return；reading D．returning；to read
( )15．(2011·烟台)It is true that knowledge rather than being taught．
A．learns B．learned C．is learned D．was learned
( )16．(2011·北京)My aunt is a writer．She more than ten books since l980．
A．writes B．wrote C．has written D．will write
( )17．(2011·芜湖) －I often have hamburgers for lunch．－You’d better not．It’s bad for you
too much junk food．
A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．ate
( )18．(2011·桂林)Look!The boys football on the playground．
A．plays B．play C．are playing D．played
( )19．(2011·河北)I didn’t hear you because I the news on the radio．
A．1isten to B．am listening to C．listened to D．was listening to
( )20．(2011·乌鲁木齐)The meeting by the time I got there yesterday．
A．was on B．has been on C．had begun D．has begun
( )21．(2011·盐城) － How soon all the work －In a week．
A．will；finish B．is；going to finish
C．will．be finished D．are；going to be finished
( )22．(2011·湖州) －How was your trip to Hangzhou，Jim －Great!We to Xixi National Wetland Park．
A．go B．am going C will go D．went
( )23．(2011·台州) －I’ve got a ticket for the basketball game tonight．
－Cool! How you it
A．had；got B．did；get C．were；getting D．will；get
( )24．(2011·淮安) －Shall we go out for a swim －Sorry，I can’t．I housework for my mother now．
A．am doing B．is doing C．are doing D．did
( )25．(2011·江西)Harriet is lost and her parents are really her．
A．interested in B．afraid of C．busy with D．worried about
( )26．(2011·天津)Tom’s mother told him eating too much meat．
A．stopping B．to stop C．stops D．stopped
( )27．(2011·无锡)Jane’s mother preferred TV at home to to the concert．
A．to watch；go B．watching；going
C．watching；go D．to watch；going
( )28．(2011·本溪)You finish the report today．Any time before Friday is OK．
A．mustn’t B．must C．need D．needn’t
( )29．(2011·枣庄)You wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain．
A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．have to
( )30．(2011·泰州)According to the new traffic laws，people drive after drinking
wine or beer．
A．wouldn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t
( )31．(2011·资阳)Boys and girls，attention，please．Now let me tell you to the
Bird Island．
A．how to get B．what to get C．whom to get D．where to get
( )32．(2011·三亚)Yuan Longping，a great person in China， as“father of hybrid rice”．
A．is regarded B．has regarded C．is regarding D．regards
( )33．(2011·包头)If we try our best，our dream will one day．
A．work out B．come true C．put up D．show off
( )34．(2011·清远)She for half a month．She’11 come back in two months．
A．left B．leave C has left D．has been away
( )35．(2011·淄博) －Will you please the flowers －Sorry．I won’t．
A．pick B．don’t pick C．not to pick D．not pick
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 CBBBB 6—10 DCCDC
【同步训练27】
1—5 DBBCD 6—10 BCCAA 11—15 ADCCC 16—20 CBCDC 21—25 CDBAD 26—30 BBDDD
31—35 AABDD
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第6讲简单句、并列句和复合句
常考点解读
1．熟练运用S+V+P，S+V，S+V+O，S+V+IO+DO，S+V+O+OC五种基本句型。
2．考查并列句的连接词。
3．识别简单句、并列句和复合句。
易混点突破
1．简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如：
Tom and Mike are Americans．
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers．
2．并列句
由并列连词(and，but，or，so，for等)或分号(；)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子。如：You help him with his English and he helps you study math．
并列句的分类：
(1)表示连接两个同等概念，常用and，not only…but also…，neither…nor…，then等连接。
如：My English teacher likes soccer and my math teacher likes playing Chinese chess．
(2)表示选择，常用的连词有or，either…or…等。如：Hurry up，or you’ll miss the early bus．
(3)表示转折，常用的连词有but，however，while等。如：He was short，but he ran very fast．
(4)表示因果关系，常用的连词有so，for等。如：He felt bad，so he didn’t go to school this morning．
3．复合句
复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子某一(些)成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从旬都属于复合句。
(1)宾语从句：指在动词或介词后面用一个句子来担任宾语。
①语序：宾语从句只有陈述语序(肯定句或否定句)，即：主语在前，谓语动词在后。如：
He says(that)he likes reading a lot． Could you tell me when they will come
②连接词
1)当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that可省略。如：
She said(that)she could finish her work before supper．
2)当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时。用who，what．which，when，where，how，why，how many，how long等词引导。不论是连接代词还是连接副词，后面都是接一陈述句。如：
Do you know when we’11 leave for Beijing
3)宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用whether或if引导。如：
I wondered if／whether you could come over to my house．
Please let me know if／whether she likes the present．
注意：在下列情况下只能用whether。
(a)在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时。如：Let me know whether you will come or not．
(b)在介词后用whether。如：I’m interested in whether he likes the book．
(c)在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn’t decided whether to visit her．
③主句和从句的时态，原则上宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。
1)当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如：
I hear that a famous actor will sing in our hometown．
2)当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须用过去时态的某种形式。如：
He wanted to know who the woman was．
He was glad that he had passed the math test．
3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun．
(2)状语从句：是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词，或修饰全句。
①时间状语从句：常用while，when，as soon as，as，until，not…until，before，after，since等引导。一般说来，时间状语从句中不用将来时，表示将来时间则需要用一般现在时来代替。如：I didn’t tell him the news until the teacher came．
Will they do it after they come here
②目的状语从句：常用so that，in order that引导。如：
He studied English day and night so that he could pass the exam．
③地点状语从句：由where，wherever等连接词引导。如：
Where there is a will，there is a way．
④条件状语从句：由if，unless等词来引导。条件状语从句用来表示将来时间，用一般现在时，而主句用一般将来时。如：
If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go for a picnic．
I’ll wait here Llnless you come．
⑤让步状语从句：通常由although，though，however，whatever等引导。如：
Although I am poor，I am still very happy．
⑥原因状语从旬：由as，because，since等词来引导，because从句一般位于主句后，since
比as正式，其从句一般放句首。如：
He stayed at home because he didn’t like playing soccer．
As(Since)you are not feeling well，you’d better stay at home．
⑦比较状语从句：常由as…as，not so…as，more…than等来引导。如：
Chemistry isn’t so popular as English．
⑧结果状语从句：由so，so…that，such…that等引导。
1)so…that
so+形容词／副词+that从句。如：I am so excited that I can’t fall asleep．
He draws so well that he will never give up．
2)such…that
such+a／an+形容词+单数名词+that从句。如：It is such an exciting movie that1 want to watch it again．such+形容词+不可数名词或名词复数+ that从句。如：
It is such delicious food that We all like it very much．
3)如果不可数名词或复数名词前有many，
much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。如：
They made so much noise that their mother got angry．
(3)定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
①关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法。
1)先行词指人或物时，关系词可用that，that在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
A plane is a machine that can fly．The woman(that)We Saw just now was Jim’s mother．
2)先行词指物时，关系词也可用which，which在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
The school which is in front of the library is very beautiful．
3)先行词指人时，关系词可用who和whom，who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能省略，作宾语时可省略；whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。如：
The person(who／whom)you just talked to is Mr．Li．
Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write．
4)whose所有格指人，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I know the boy whose father works in a big hospital．
5)以下几种情况必须用that引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词something，nothing，
anything等。如：There is something that I want to do for you．
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如：
This is the most terrible thing that I have met．
先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰。如：
This is the only photo that I got from her．先行词既有人又有物。如：
They talked about persons and things that they met．
(4)表语从句：放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
①可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
②as，as if，though引导的表语从句。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door．
③because，why引导的表语从句。如：That’s why he got angry with me．
(5)同位语从句：用于对前面的名词做进一步的解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以用whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。如：
They were very worried about the fact that you were sick．
在一些表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。如：
He made the suggestion that we(should)go by train．
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·昆明)It’s raining outside!Put on your raincoat， you’ll get wet．
A．and B．but C．or D．though
解析：本题考查连词辨析。根据语意“穿上雨衣，否则你就会淋湿”，故选C。
答案：C
真题2 (2011·山西)－ Will you play basketball against Class 3 tomorrow
－Yes． t snows．
A．If B．Until C．When D．Unless
解析：本题考查连词辨析。根据语意“除非下雪才不去打篮球”。
答案：D
真题3 (2011·北海)You’ll be late you don’t get up now．
A． if B．before C．until D．after
解析：本题考查连词辨析。句意：如果你现在不起床，你就会迟到。
答案：A ．
真题4 (2001·贵阳) －why do you like staying in Guiyang －Because the weather there is too hot too cold．
A．either；or B．neither；nor C．both；and D．not only；but also
解析：本题考查连词。句意：－你为什么喜欢呆在贵阳 －因为那里的天气既不太热也不太冷。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”，是选择性的；neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”；both．．and．．．意为“……和……”；not only．．．but also…意为“不但……而且……”，表递进关系。
答案：B
真题5 (2011·湘潭) Zhai Xiaowei has only one le9，he can dance wonderfully．
A．Though B．But C．So
解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意：虽然翟小伟只有一条腿，但他舞跳得非常好。though表示“虽然、但是”，可以用在句首，也可以放在句中。but表示“但是”，只能用在句中。S0表示“所以”。
答案：A
名师预测
( )1．－Will you please give the dictionary to Jane 一Sure。I’ll give it to her she arrives here．
A．before B．until C．because D．as soon as
( )2．We didn’t start our discussion everybody arrived．
A．since B．if C while D．until
( )3．Take the exam carefully， you won’t get full marks．
A． but B．And C．or D．so
( )4．David didn’t give up he had failed in the experiment four times．
A． if B．while C．though D．since
( )5．－Mom，when shall we go to Weifang Museum this weekend －Oh,sorry．I’m going to Beijing for a meeting． Saturday Sunday is OK．
A．Neither；nor B．Both；and C．Either；or D．Not only；but also
( )6．Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years．Today it is still loved by the young
the old．
A ．both；and B．either；or C．not；but D．neither；nor
( )7．－Is my answer to the math problem right －Let me consider it carefully give you an answer．
A ．before B．after C．since D．as soon as
( )8．－I can stay and help you you like．－So nice-of you，Bill．
A．until B．Though C．if D．and
( )9．－May I go to the movies with you －I’m afraid not you have a ticket。because I have only one．
A．if B．unless C．though
( )10．We don’t know next．Let’s go and ask Mr Li．
A．what to do B．to do what C．whether to do D．to do whether
同步训练28简单句、并列句和复合句
单项选择
( )1．(2011·南通) －We need a new leader for our Helping Hands Club，but I don’t know ．－Why not Mary She is always willing to help others．
A．what to choose B．how to choose
C．when to choose D．who to choose
( )2．(2011·宁夏)Hurry up， finish your soup!
A．or B．but C．and D．while
( )3．(2011·河k,)Tony is a quiet student， he is active in class．
A so B．and C．but D．or
( )4．(2011·安徽)My father was preparing for his speech my mother was doing some
washing last night．
A．if B．while C．unless D．until
( )5．(2011·广州) they are very tired，they feel happy because they’ve finally finished their project．
A．So B．Although C．If D．But
( )6．(2011·安徽)You’d better take the map with you you won’t get lost．
A．as long as B．as soon as C．now that D．so that
( )7．(2011·梅州) Tom Peter are fond of watching T V
A．Not only；but also B．Both；and
C．Either；or D．Neither；nor
( )8．(2011·淄博) －Will you play basketball against Class 3 tomorrow －Yes． it snows．
A．If B．Until C．When D．Unless
( )9．(2011·呼和浩特) －Ring me up you come to my house，will you －Sure．I will．
A．though B．while C．before D．until
( )10．(2011·广元)I told him the news he came back yesterday．
A．until B．as soon as C．unless
( )11．(2011·连云港) －What shall we do now － it’s raining hard，let’s stay at
home．
A．So B．Since C．Though D．If
( )12．(2011·深圳) － Rose Jack watched Prince William’s wedding on
TV yesterday．－What a pity!They misses the exciting moment．
A．Both；and B．Not only；but also C．Either；or D．Neither；nor
( )13．(2011·雅安)I believe it I see it with my own eyes．
A．won’t；and B．will；but C．will；until D．won’t；until
( )14．(2011·雅安)The girl is a nice girl we all want to help her．
A．such；that B．too；to C so；that D．very；that
( )15．(2011·遵义)My father spends much money on books， he’s not rich．
A．but B．because C．even though
( )16．(2011·河南)You won’t feel happy at school get on well with your classmates．
A．though B．when C．unless D．because
( )17．(2011·威海) －Would you like to go for a walk with me，Allen －I’d love to． you don’t want to go alone．
A．until B．before C．if D．after
( )18．(2011·扬州)He had to retire(退休)early poor health．
A．as a result B．because C．so D．because of
( )19．(2011·肇庆) you don’t give up，your dreams will come true．
A．As long as B．As soon as C．As well as
( )20．(2011·黄石)Lisa Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog．
A．Not only；but also B．Neither；nor
C．Both；and D．Either；or
( )21．(2011·杭州)Franklin told them all， to be in Britain again．
A．he was how happy B．how happy he was
C．how was he happy D．he was happy how
( )22．(2011·泉州)David didn’t give up he had failed in the experiment four times．
A．if B．while C．though D．since
( )23．(2011·芜湖)We can talk with friends on the Internet it’s easier and cheaper．
A．though B．as C．or D．but
( )24．(2011·青岛)Tom rushed into the house his mother was cooking．
A．as B．before C．while D．after
( )25．(2011·青岛) －I often chat with my friends on the Internet．－You are so smart!Will you please tell me
A．how to do B．how to do it C．how to use D．where can I use it
( )26．(2011·北京) －Excuse me，could you tell me how to Beijing zoo －Well，you may take Bus-NO．27．
A．get B．gets C．getting D．to get
( )27．(2011·宁夏)Bob asked me ．
A．what was she doing B．what is she doing
C．what she was doing D．what she is doing
( )28．(2011·包头)He told us that where a picnic was not decided yet．
A．having B．to have C．have D．had
( )29．(2011·凉山)Because I got up very late this morning, I was late for class．
A．but B．／ C．so
( )30．(2011·上海)Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam．
A．I’m order to B．in order to not C．so as not to D．so as to
答案
【名师预测】
1--5 DDCCA 6—10 AACBA
【同步训练28】
1—5 DCCBB 6—l0 DBDCB 11—15 BDDAC 16—20 CCDAD 21—25 BCBCB
26—30 DCBBC
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第7讲 疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
常考点解读
1．理解四种疑问句(一般疑问旬、特殊疑问旬、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)。
2．熟练运用祈使句及其否定形式。
3．理解以what和how引导的感叹句。
易混点突破
1．疑问旬
分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句：就是可以用yes或no来回答的句子。如：
Can you play the guitar
Are you in Class Two，Grade one
Does she live in Beijing
(2)特殊疑问句：
构成：疑问词+一般疑问句 常见的疑问词有：what，who，whose，where，when，why，how，which，what time，how old，how long，how many，how much，how often等。
(3)选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句，提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种来回答。如：Do you want tea or coffee
(4)反意疑问句：在陈述句后面，提出简略反问的句子叫反意疑问句。若陈述部分是肯定的，反问部分则是否定的；若陈述部分是否定的，则反问部分为肯定的，而且前后时态要一致。如：
－He can sing well，can’t he －Yes．he can．／No，he can’t．
－They didn’t come back，did they －Yes，they did／No，they didn’t．
注意：陈述旬有no，little，never，hardly等否定词时，反问句应用肯定形式。如：We have never been to the Great Wall，have we
祈使句的反意疑问句：
肯定祈使句+won’t you 否定祈使句+will you Let’s…+shall we Let us…+will you
感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用be动词的一般现在时。如：What a lovely dog，isn’t it 陈述部分如果是“I(don’t)think／suppose／expect／believe／imagine”+ that从句时，附加部分的主语与动词要和从句中的谓语保持一致，要注意否定转移现象。如：I think she can do it well。can’t she
2．祈使句
提出请求、建议或发出命令。如：Sit down，please．Be careful!Let’s do sports now．
否定形式：
(1)let’s开头的祈使句后加not。如：Let’s not do sports now．
(2)其他的均以don’t放在句子开头。如：Don’t be afraid! Don’t stand there !
3．感叹旬
表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。主要有what和how两种感叹句形式。
(1)what感叹句
What+a／an+形容词+单数名词+其他!如：
What a good boy he is!
What+形容词+复数名词／不可数名词+其他!如：
What beautiful flowers they are!What fine work it is!
(2)how感叹句
How+形容词／副词+其他!如：How interesting the movie is! How hard they are working!
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·昆明)There were few new words in the English competition for your daughter，
A．were there B．weren’t there C．aren’t there D．are there
解析：本题考查反意疑问句。根据时态一致原则排除C和D。又由于few表示否定，所以要选择表示肯定的简略反问句。
答案：A
真题2 (2011·南充) － kind girl Nancy is! －Yes，she is always ready to help others．
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
解析：本题考查感叹句。What+a／an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!而how引导的感叹句结构是：How+形容词／副词+主语+谓语!
答案：B
真题3 (2011·凉山) －Look at the sign，what does it mean －It means“ ”．
A．Don’t talking B．No talking C．Not talk
解析：表示“不要说话”可以使用Don’t talk或No talking两种形式。
答案：B
真题4 (2011·凉山) － has your uncle the village －Since l999．He is in Shanghai now．
A．How long；been away from
B．When；been away from
C．How long；1eft
解析：本题考查特殊疑问词的用法。根据答语since l999可知应该用how lon9来提问，表示“离开多久”是一个延续性的动作，应该使用be away from来表示。
答案：A
真题5 (2011·青岛) － you the Beatles’story －Yes．And their songs are popular．
A．Did；hear B．Do；listen to C．Have；heard of D．Have；listened to
解析：句意：－你听过甲壳虫乐队的故事吗 －是的。他们的歌很受欢迎。hear of意为“听说……”。
答案：C
名师预测
( )1．－ did you sleep last night －only 5 hours．I stayed up late to do my homework．
A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How much
( )2．Look at the photo of the Smiths． happy they are!
A．How B．What C How a D．What a
( )3．Don’t wait for people to be friendly．show them a friendly person you are．
A．what B．how C．when D．where
( )4．－The CCTV reported that Premier Wen Jiabao played basketball with some students on Children’s Day．－ !And Premier Wen always encourages us to study hard and do more sports．
A．What amazing news
B．How amazing news
C．What an amazing news
( )5．He has many friends at school，
A．has he， B．does he C．doesn't he D．isn’t he
( )6．－There is something wrong with your bike， －Yes．I’ll have it tomorrow．
A．isn’t it；mend B．isn’t there；mended
C．isn’t it；mended D．isn’t there；mend
( )7． exercising，and you’ll be heahhier．
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping
( )8．－Please to return my book by Friday．I’ll use it on Saturday．－No problem．I’ll finish reading it on Thursday．
A．don’t forget B．not to forget C．not forget D．forget not to
( )9．－Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time．How about Tom － 。
A．He does so B．He did so C．So does he D．So did he
( )10．－Are you sure you have toy It’s been very late．－I don’t know I can do it if not
now．
A．where B．why C．when D．how
同步训练29疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
单项选择
( )1．(2011·昆明) － does it take you to drive to Changgong to work every day
－About one hour and a half．
A．How B．How soon C．How often D．How long
( )2．(2011·北海) －It looks like rain， －Yes,it does．And I forgot my umbrella．
A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it
( )3．(2011·佛山) － is the history of Tsinghua University －l00 years．
A．How soon B．How long C．HOW far
( )4．(2011·佛山) cute the monkeys are when they ask for food!
A．How B．What C．What a
( )5．(2011·凉山) － will your English teacher come back －In two days．
A．When B．How long C．How soon
( )6．(2011·咸宁) －You didn’t go to school yesterday，did you － ，though there was a heavy rain．
A．Yes，I did B．No，I didn’t C．Yes，I didn’t D．No．I did
( )7．(2011·青岛) －Could you please pass me the book
A．Yes，I could B．No，I couldn’t
C．Sure．Here you are D．No，that’s no problem
( )8．(2011·资阳) bad weather it is!It’s rainy for two weeks．
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
( )9．(2011·广州)I hear the tall girl wearing glasses is your new classmate．She’s from America，
A．has she B．isn’t she C．hasn’t she D．does she
( )10．(2011·梧州)They hardly watch TV on school nights，
A．will they B．aren’t they C．do they D．didn’t they
( )11．(2011·沈阳) buy your ticket from a ticket machine．There are lots of people there．
A．Not B．Not to C．Don’t D．Don’t to
( )12．(2011·兰州) －I have changed my job．－
A．So do I B．So have I C．So I do D．So I have
( )13．(2011·齐齐哈尔) exercising，and you’ll be healthier．
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping
( )14．(2011·河源)Let’s go to the cinema to see a film，
A．will you B．shall we C．won’t you D．don’t you
( )15．(2011·衡阳) －Peter，I will visit our teacher this Sunday．－ ．Let’s go together．
A．Nor do I B．I will so C．So will l
( )16．(2011·长沙) － is your brother －He is at home．
A．What B．Where C．When D．How
( )17．(2011·衢州) － the little girl looks!－That’s true．She can’t find her Teddy Bear．
A．How sad B．What sad C．What sadly D．How sadly
( )18．(2011·兰州)You’ve just finished your listening exam．Please get yourself ready for
the next part，
A．shall We B．will you C．do you D．are you
( )19．(2011·遵义) good advice you’ve told me!Thank you very much!
A．What B．What a C．HOW
( )20．(2011·大庆) useful information you’ve told us!
A．What B．How long C．What an D．How
( )21．(2011·宿迁) －Bob，it’s getting cold outside． take a jacket －All right,Mum．
A．Why do you B．Why not C．Why did you D．Why don’t
( )22．(2011·宿迁) － is it from your home to your school －About ten minutes’walk．
A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon
( )23．(2011·深圳) － good time we had at the party last night!－Yes．It was
exciting party that I would never forget it．
A．What；so B．How；such
C．What a；such an D．How a；so an
( )24．(2011·芜湖) － do you clean your room －Every day．
A．How long B．Howmany C．How often D．How soon
( )25．(2011·广西) － will it take you to get to the post office －About half an hour．
A．How old B．How long C．How soon D．How often
( )26．(2011·广西) －How do you like the film －
A．No，I don’t like it B．The people and the music
C．I like it very much D．Yes，I like it
( )27．(2011·常州) －Middle school students don’t know much about shopping online，they
－ ．It’s very popular with teenagers．
A．do；No B．do；Yes C．don’t；No D．don’t；Yes
( )28．(2011·徐州) －Open the window please，Mike．－ I didn’t hear what you said．
A．What B．Pardon C．Really D．All right
( )29．(2011·内江) － you the film Gongfu Panda Ⅱ －Not yet．I’ll see it this Sunday．
A．Did；see B．Do；see C．Have；seen
( )30．did Gina say when you told her about the game
A．How B．What C．Which D．Why
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 CAAAC 6—10 BAADC
【同步训练29】
1—5 DDBAC 6—l0 ACABC 11—15 CBABC 16—20 BABAA 21—25 BACCB
26—30 CBBCB
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第8讲 宾语从旬、状语从句和定语从句
常考点解读
1．理解宾语从句，并掌握它们的基本用法。
2．理解表示时间、条件、原因、比较、结果、让步等的状语从句，并掌握它们的基本用法。
3．理解由关系代词引导的定语从句。
易混点突破
1．宾语从句
宾语从句指在动词或介词后面用一个句子来担任宾语。
(1)语序：宾语从句只有陈述语序(肯定句或否定句)，即：主语在前，谓语动词在后。如：
He says(that)he likes reading a lot．
Could you tell me when they will come
(2)连接词：
①当宾语从旬是陈述句时，用that引导，that可省略。如：She said(that)she could finish
her work before supper．
②当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时。用who，what，which，when，where，how，why，how many，how long等词引导。不论是连接代词还是连接副词，后面都是接陈述句。
如：Do you know when we’ll leave for Beijing
③宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用whether或if引导。如：
I wondered if／whether you could come over to my house．
Please let me know if／whether she likes the present．
注意：在下列情况下只能用whether。
A．在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时。如：Let me know whether you will come
or not．
B在介词后用whether。如：I’m interested in whether he likes the book．
C在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn’t decided whether to visit her．
(3)时态：原则上宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。
①当主句是一般现在时时，宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。如：
I hear that a famous actor will sing in our hometown．
②当主句是过去时，宾语从句必须用过去时的某种形式。如：
He wanted to know who the woman was．
He was glad that he had passed the mathtest．
③当宾语从旬表示的是一个客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun．
2．状语从旬
状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词，或修饰全句。
(1)时间状语从句：常用while，when，as soon as,as，until，not．．．unnl．．．，before，alter，since等引导。一般说来，时间状语从句中不用将来时，表示将来时间则需要用一般现在时来代替。如：
I didn’t tell him the news until the teacher came．Will they do it after they come here
(2)目的状语从旬：常用so that，in order that引导。如：
He studied English day and night so that he could pass the exam．
(3)地点状语从句：由where，wherever等连接词引导。如：
Where there is a will，there is a way．
(4)条件状语从句：由if，unless等词来引导。条件状语从句用来表示将来时间，用一般现在时，而主旬用一般将来时。如：
If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go for a picnic．I’ll wait here unless you come．
(5)让步状语从句：通常由although，though，however，whatever等引导。如：Although I am poor，I am still very happy．
(6)原因状语从句：由as，because，since等词来引导，because从句一般位于主句后，since比as正式，其从旬一般放句首。如：
He stayed at home because he didn't like playing soccer．
As(Since)you are not feeling well，you’d better stay at home．
(7)比较状语从句：常由as…as…，not so…as…，more…than．．．等来引导。如：Chemistry isn’t so popular as English．
(8)结果状语从句：由so，so…that…，such…that…等引导。
①so…that… so+形容词／副词+that从句。如：
I am so excited that I can’t fall asleep． He draws so well that he will never give up．
②such…that…such+a／an+形容词+单数名词+that从 句。如：
It is such an exciting movie that I want to watch it again．
such+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+that从句。如：
It is such delicious food that we all like it very much．
③如果不可数名词或复数名词前有many，much，little，few等修饰时，则用so…that…。如：They made so much noise that their mother got angry．
3．定语从句
在句中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词引导的定语从句的具体用法：
(1)先行词指人或物时，关系词可用that，that在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
A plane is a machine that can fly． The woman(that)we saw just now was Jim’s mother．
(2)先行词指物时，关系词也可用which，which在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
The school which is in front of the library is very beautiful．
(3)先行词指人时，关系词可用who和whom，who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能省略，作宾语时可省略；whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。如：
The person(who／whom)you just talked to is Mr．Li．Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write．
(4)whose所有格指人，在定语从句中作定语。如： I know the boy whose father works in a big hospital．
(5)以下几种情况必须用that引导定语从句。
①先行词是不定代词something，nothing，anything等。如：
There is something that I want to do for you．
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如：
This is the most terrible thing that I have met．
③先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰。如：
This is the only photo that I got from her．
④先行词既有人又有物。如：They talked about persons and things that they met．
真题剖析
真题1 (2011·湘潭) －Do you know tomorrow －Sorry，I don't know．You may surf the Internet．
A．whether will it rain B．if it will rain C．whether does it rain
解析：本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。句意：一你知不知道明天是否会下雨 一对不起，我不知道，你可以上网查一下。
答案：B
真题2 (2011·南充)Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake
A．which B．who C．whom
解析：本题考查定语从句及关系代词用法辨析。句中先行词为the man，又因为关系词需要作help的主语，故选who。注意：用which时，先行词只能是物；而whom只能作宾语。
答案：B
真题3 (2011·广安) －what time will Diana get to Chengdu －I’m not sure．When he ，I’m call you．
A．will arrive B．arrive C．arrives
解析：本题考查从句的时态。when引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。he是单数第三人称形式，故用arrives。
答案：C
真题4 (2011·雅安)The students have a sports meeting this weekend if it ．
A．won’t；rains B．will；rains
C．won't；will rain D．are going to；is going to rain
解析：本题考查if引导的条件状语从句用法。if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态。句意：如果明天下雨我们就不举行运动会了。
答案：A
真题5 (2011·无锡)Could you tell me how long the football club
A．you have joined B．have you joined
C．you have been in D．have you been in
解析：本题考查宾语从句。从句必须用陈述语序，故排除B、D；join不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，故选C。
答案：C
名师预测
( )1．He is a person is easy to get along with．
A．who B．which C．whom D．what
( )2．My grandparents like to live in a house is not very big but bright and comfortable．
A．that B．who C．what D．whose
( )3．There will be a stamp show in the museum we visited last week．
A．who B．when C．which D．what
( )4．“Get new knowledge by reviewing the old” is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子)．He was a great thinker——words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today．
A．who B．who’s C．whose
( )5．Can I take Lisa to the aquarium tomorrow If she there，she agood time．
A．goes；has B．will go has C．will go will have D．goes；will have
( )6．The old man asked the girl to take another Seat he wanted to sit next to his
wife．
A．because B．so that C．so
( )7．I will send you an email as soon as I in Canada．
A．arrive B．arrived C．am arriving D．will arrive
( )8．－Can you tell me －About two months ago．
A．where my watch is B．where is my watch
C．when you bought your camera D．when did you buy your camera
( )9．My physics teacher told us light faster than sound．
A．travel B．travels C．traveled
( )10．The soldiers soon reached Was once an old temple the villagers used as a school．
A．which；where B．what：which C．where which D．what：where
同步训练30宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句
单项选择
( )1．(2011·天津)We’ll plant trees tomorrow，and I don’t know Tom will come and join us．
A．if B．which C．what D．where
( )2．(2011·山东) －What did the teacher say to you just now －She asked ．
A．where did I learn English B．where I learned English
C．where do I learn English D．where I learn English
( )3．(2011·河南)I didn’t see Laura at the party last night．Do you know
A．why didn’t she come B．what happened
C．when would she arrive D．where she has been
( )4．(2011·陕西)If there no buying and selling of animals，there no killing in nature．
A．is；will be B．will be；will be C．is；is D．will be；is
( )5．(2011·广州)The story I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers．
A．whose B．who C．that D．where
( )6．(2011·八市) －Could you please tell me in America －On the fourth Thursday in November．
A．when is Thanksgiving Day B．when Thanksgiving Day is
C．what we eat on Thanksgiving Day D．when do we eat Thanksgiving Day
( )7．(2011·菏泽)I，ll never forget the day the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
( )8．(2011·百色)The policeman caught the thief has stolen Mr．Li’s computer．
A．which B．whose C．whom D．who
( )9．(2011·泉州) －Simon。Wonder ．－Last Saturday．
A．when the foreign visitors arrived B．when did the foreign visitors arrive
C．when the foreign visitors will arrive D．when will the foreign visitors arrive
( )10．(2011·包头)You can’t watch TV you finish your homework．
A．before B．if C．while D．as
( )11．(2011·临沂)Zhou Libo is Shanghai’s favorite funny man．He is good at making people
laugh．His lively shows were hot that tickets sold out in minutes．
A very B．too C．such D．so
( )12．(2011·北京)I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada．
A．arrive B．arrived C．am arriving D．will arrive
( )13．(2011·泰安)－Can you guess the new schoolbag yesterday －Sorry，I’ve no idea．
A．how much did he pay for B．how much he spent
C．how much he paid for D．how much did he spend
( )14．(2011·呼和浩特) －Could you tell us how Long －About three days．
A．does the sports meeting last B．the sports meeting will last
C．the sports meeting last D．will the sports meeting last
( )15．(2011·陕西)I was told to meet Mr．Green at the airport．But I don’t know he will arrive．
A．where B why C．how D．when
( )16．(2011·泰州) －Could you tell me －It，s twenty minutes by underground．
A．how can I get to your school
B how much it costs to get to your school
C．how far it is from your home to your school
D．how long does it take me to get to your school
( )17．(2011·哈尔滨)As we all know。planting trees is good for the environment．Our class will go to the Sun Island tomorrow．As soon as we there，we’ll begin to planttrees．
A．arrived B．arrive C will arrive
( )18．(2011·铜仁)Li Mei is the student handwriting is the best in our class．
A．whose B．whom C．who D．that
( )19．(2011·扬州)One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake．
A what B．who C．that D．／
( )20．(2011·北京) －Do you know to morrow －At 8 o’clock．
A．when did she come B．when she came
C．when will she come D．when she will come
( )21．(2011·广东)The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter．
A．which B．that C．why D．who
( )22．(2011·桂林)The basketball I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan．
A．that B．where C．who D．when
( )23．(2011·河北)The teachers came for a visit are foreigners．
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
( )24．(2011·德州)They develop their skills they can do things better and better．
A．however B．because C．since D．so that
( )25．(2011·宁波) －I hear the famous singer Xu song may come to Ningbo next month．
－Really he comes，my younger sister will be very excited．
A．If B．Until C．Unless D．Before
( )26．(2011·三亚) －Could you tell us －About two weeks．
A．how often are you going to be away
B．how often we are going to be away
C．how long are we going to be away
D．how long we are going to be away
( )27．(2011·雅安)The students have a sports meeting this weekend if it ．
A．won’t：rains B．will：rains
C．won’t：will rain D．are going to；is going to rain
( )28．(2011·金华) －Do you know －Sorry，I don’t have a watch．
A．whose watch this is B．whose watch is this
C．what time it is D．what time is it
( )29．(2011。绵阳) －Do you know England －I’ve heard that he wants to go there for further study．
A．why he will go to B．why will he go to
C．he why will go to D．he will why go to
( )30．(2011·衢州)The photos successfully show the rich culture makes Beijing so famous．
A．what B．which C．who D．why
答案
【名师预测】
1—5 AACCD 6—10 AACBB
【同步训练30】
1—5 ABBAC 6—10 BCDAA 11—15 DACBD 16—20 CBACD 21—25 BAADA
26—30 DACAB
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