浙江省2021年普通高校1月招生选考英语测试卷
一、阅读选择
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played
with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found
himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw
in front of him-so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a
totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an
Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley
couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered
landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small
neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years
searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011, he
came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a
town's central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the
three-platform train station”—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should
see a big fountain"-and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a
child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about
me, " he thought—and
it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so
much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I
walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you
know, it was like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought
seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.
”
1．Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago
A．He got on a train by mistake.
B．He got lost while playing in the street.
C．He was taken away by a foreigner.
D．He was adopted by an Australian family.
2．How did Brierley find his hometown
A．By analyzing old pictures.
B．By travelling all around India.
C．By studying digital maps.
D．By spreading his story via his book.
3．What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview
A．His love for his mother. B．His reunion with his mother.
C．His long way back home. D．His memory of his hometown.
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named
John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about
slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to
the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10
miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000
steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In
the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it
was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families
are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house,
often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent
neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for
health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know
their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk
and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their
day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry".
This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more
about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its
limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of
these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and
takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night
before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
5．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
6．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures
that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩)
use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to
one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists
discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and
examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this
was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal
kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures,"
she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that
respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys
can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do
not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was
a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the
animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her
foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster
immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together.
"The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is
meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the
University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich
our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either
that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of
the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said.
"Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey
with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
7．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
8．What did Dr Shultz think of the study
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
二、七选五
（2021·浙江）七选五
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of
water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks
fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines
long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 11．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances
are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to
get all their customers through with minimum delay. 12． Any small interruption - a
price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen
randomly at different registers. Think about the probability: 13． So it's not just
in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make
all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and
serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long
delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.
Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15． It takes many registers to
keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.
So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to
happen to you
B. So why don't most places
encourage serpentine lines
C. Some of the may have stood in
a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line
being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability
that you are in the fastest waiting line
F.With three registers, this
method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday
afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
三、完形填空
（2021·浙江）完形填空
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 16． on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 17． myself on a plane
to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 18． at the thought of
living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen
minutes of 19． , my worries had gone.
Everyone was so 20． and like-minded that it was
very 21． to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first
8-day 22． . We had to 23． everything we needed and walk
three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 24． way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 25． a stairway out of
rock. This 26． climbing up and down the side
of a mountain inhabited (栖息)
by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 27． .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 28． of knowing that my 29． will be on that mountainside
for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 30． in a thunderstorm.
I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was
close to 31． . I had to spend the rest of
the night trembling in the only 32． part of my tent.
33． , I suffered a
lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 34． . I think I am much 35． for having taken part in the
project.
16．A．calculate B．negotiate C．advertise D．research
17．A．imagined B．introduced C．enjoyed D．found
18．A．annoyed B．surprised C．scared D．excited
19．A．arriving B．sleeping C．thinking D．walking
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
22．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．course
23．A．drop B．make C．carry D．buy
24．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick
25．A．build B．test C．clean D．guard
26．A．helped B．ended C．allowed D．meant
27．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
28．A．satisfaction B．ambition C．expectation D．intention
29．A．work B．memory C．record D．story
30．A．left B．caught C．attacked D．separated
31．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
32．A．tidy B．dry C．new D．soft
33．A．By the way B．Regardless of that
C．Needless to say D．In either case
34．A．survived B．resisted C．escaped D．recovered
35．A．smarter B．stronger C．happier D．busier
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 36． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 38． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 39． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 40． 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 41． (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 42． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 43． (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 44． (live) in the countryside, including 45． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
五、提纲类作文
46．（2021·浙江）假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1）表示欢迎；
2）介绍活动安排；
3）表达祝愿。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
六、读后续写
47．（2021·浙江）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home, and as the eldest child I have an advantage-I carried an 85-pounder back last year.
This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom filming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork (软木塞) forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm going to set it down, now," I said,and with Jason helping to support its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.”当他醒来发现自己一个人时：4岁的孩子判断他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车；以及第二段中的“That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city.“那列火车把他带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市。可知，布尔利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures.”然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节目的卫星图片中寻找家乡；以及“Everything just started to match.“一切都开始匹配了。可知，布尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“In an interview Brierley says: 'My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion（核聚变） just didn't know what to say: because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.'”在一次采访中，布尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。”可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选B。
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第二段Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent.今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%。说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区。可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多。说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选D。
【答案】7．D
8．B
9．A
10．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息。可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。
8．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were 'a little disappointing'。“曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式；以及最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.“此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息。可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.所以，看来差异依然存在，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
10．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义；以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以选项D：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
【答案】11．A；12．G；13．D；14．F；15．B
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空后It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. 原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。解释了上文You chose wrong. 你选错了，的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，A. Why does this always seem to happen to you 为什么这种事总是发生在你身上？符合语境，故选A。
12．根据空前Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。解释了杂货店之前的工作模式；以及空后“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.“任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。描述了杂货店的特殊情况，本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy但有时候，比如周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙。符合语境，故选G。
13．根据空前If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.”如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生；以及空后So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。符合语境，故选D。
14．根据空前Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.“我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题；以及空后“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.有三个寄存器，这种方法比传统方法快得多。符合语境，故选F。
15．根据空后It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.“要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；以及空后It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly. 保持一条生产线的快速运转。可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines 那么为什么大多数地方不鼓励蛇形排队呢？符合语境，故选B。
【答案】16．D；17．D；18．C；19．A；20．B；21．D；22．B；23．C；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．A；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．B
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate“计算”；B. negotiate“协商”；C. advertise“登广告”；D. research“研究”。根据上文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D。
17．句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined“想象”；B. introduced“介绍”；C. enjoyed“喜欢”；D. found“发现”。根据上文的“I began to 1 on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D。
18．句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed“烦恼的”；B. surprised“惊讶的”；C. scared“害怕的”；D. excited“兴奋的”。根据下文的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C。
19．句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving“到达”；B. sleeping“睡觉”；C. thinking“思考”；D. walking“行走”。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A。
20．句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident“自信的”；B. friendly“友好的”；C. energetic“活力的”；D. curious“好奇的”。根据下文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。
21．句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny“搞笑的”；B. good“好的”；C. lucky“幸运的”；D. easy“容易的”。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”可知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。
22．句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour“游览”；B. project“项目”；C. campaign“活动”；D. course“课程”。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B。
23．句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop“掉下”；B. make“制作”；C. carry“携带”；D. buy“购买”。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C。
24．句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。A. nice“好的”；B. safe“安全的”；C. long“长的”；D. quick“快的”。根据上文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C。
25．句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build“建造”；B. test“测试”；C. clean“清洁”；D. guard“保卫”。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A。
26．句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped“帮助”；B. ended“结束”；C. allowed“允许”；D. meant“意味”。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D。
27．句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted“捕猎”；B. trained“训练”；C. seen“看到”；D. fed“喂养”。根据上文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C。
28．句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction“满意”；B. ambition“雄心”；C. expectation“期待”；D. intention“意图”。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A。
29．句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. work“工作，作品”；B. memory“回忆”；C. record“记录”；D. story“故事”。根据上文的“My job was to”以及“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A。
30．句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left“离开”；B. caught“捉住”；C. attacked“袭击”；D. separated“分离”。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B。
31．句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling“煮沸的”；B. average“平均的”；C. normal“正常的”；D. freezing“冰冻的”。根据下文“trembling”可知温度很低。故选D。
32．句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy“干净的”；B. dry“干的”；C. new“新的”；D. soft“软的”。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和下文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B。
33．句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way“顺便问一下”；B. Regardless of that“尽管这样”；C. Needless to say “不用说”；D. In either case“在这两种情况下”。根据上文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C。
34．句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived“生存”；B. resisted“反抗”；C. escaped“逃离，抓牢”；D. recovered“恢复”。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A。
35．句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter“更聪明的”；B. stronger“更强壮的”；C. happier“更快乐的”；D. busier“更忙碌的”。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.“可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B。
【答案】36．and；37．that/which；38．person's；39．is considered；40．by；41．was；42．Studied；43．sharply；44．living；45．lower
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，定语从句，名词，时态语态，介词，主谓一致，非谓语动词，副词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
37．句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是限制性定语从句， tool是先行词，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38．句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。person，人，名词，修饰weight，因此用 person的名词所有格person's。故填person's。
39．句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。 consider ，考虑，动词，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
40．句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by，增加了；increase to，增加到；根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
41．句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。主语the gain是单数，时态是一般过去时，因此be动词用was，故填was。
42．句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。study，研究，动词，study的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，用过去分词，study-studied，故填studied。
43．句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。sharp，锋利的，形容词，此空修饰动词narrow，用副词作状语，故填sharply。
44．句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。live的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，作定语，用现在分词，故填living。
45．句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。low，低的，形容词，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
46．【答案】Distinguished guests:
On behalf of our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.
At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.
As mentioned above, I extremely expect your coming. May you have an unforgettable experience.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本体是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇发言稿。写作背景：下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）表示欢迎；2）介绍活动安排；3）表达祝愿。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. 运用了it作形式主语；As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.运用了原因状语从句； After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.运用了强调句。
47．【答案】Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. Dad was summoned – less, it seemed, in expectation of practical help than to make sure he didn't miss out on the spectacle. I heard him propose calling the fire department. "Stay tuned," said Mom; she'd mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then that I realized she'd been filming the whole time. The video cuts before my rescue —Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail. I emerged with squash-conditioned hair, a sore chin and my nose plugged with pulp.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. By the end of that day, it had over 1,000 views. People asked Mom to put it on YouTube, and by Wednesday morning we were getting 5:00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media – the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views. When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I'd never met. The pumpkin also became a minor celebrity. Passersby and trick-or-treaters would knock and ask, "Which is Rachel's pumpkin " before taking selfies with it.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者家有在万圣节雕刻南瓜的传统，今年也不例外，家里所有人都在厨房的餐桌上辛勤地工作着，而作者的妈妈则在拍摄一年一度的活动。结果作者将头伸进了南瓜里，被卡住了，无论如何也无法挣脱出来，妈妈却趁机拍下了这一幕，后来作者得救，视频也被上传到网上走红，这段视频开始获得数十万的点击量。段落续写①由第一段首句内容"虽然时间只过去了五、六分钟，但还是感觉要长得多。"可知，第一段可描写作者是如何在爸爸的帮助下得救的。②由第二段首句内容"这段视频是在万圣节前的周一发布的。"可知，第二段可描写作者头被卡在南瓜里这段视频在网上的走红情况，以及视频走红对作者家和作者的影响。 写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要富有变化。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Dad was summoned – less, it seemed, in expectation of practical help than to make sure he didn't miss out on the spectacle. 运用了插入语，宾语从句；she'd mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then that I realized she'd been filming the whole time. 运用了宾语从句，转折并列句，强调句；The video cuts before my rescue —Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail.运用了目的状语从句； People asked Mom to put it on YouTube, and by Wednesday morning we were getting 5:00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media – the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views.运用了并列句； When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I'd never met. 运用了时间状语从句，被动语态，限制性定语从句。
1 / 1浙江省2021年普通高校1月招生选考英语测试卷
一、阅读选择
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played
with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found
himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw
in front of him-so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a
totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage（孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an
Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley
couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered
landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small
neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years
searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011, he
came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a
town's central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the
three-platform train station”—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should
see a big fountain"-and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a
child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about
me, " he thought—and
it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so
much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I
walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you
know, it was like a nuclear fusion（核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought
seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.
”
1．Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago
A．He got on a train by mistake.
B．He got lost while playing in the street.
C．He was taken away by a foreigner.
D．He was adopted by an Australian family.
2．How did Brierley find his hometown
A．By analyzing old pictures.
B．By travelling all around India.
C．By studying digital maps.
D．By spreading his story via his book.
3．What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview
A．His love for his mother. B．His reunion with his mother.
C．His long way back home. D．His memory of his hometown.
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.”当他醒来发现自己一个人时：4岁的孩子判断他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车；以及第二段中的“That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city.“那列火车把他带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城市。可知，布尔利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A。
2．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures.”然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节目的卫星图片中寻找家乡；以及“Everything just started to match.“一切都开始匹配了。可知，布尔利是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“In an interview Brierley says: 'My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion（核聚变） just didn't know what to say: because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.'”在一次采访中，布尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。”可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选B。
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named
John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about
slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to
the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10
miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000
steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In
the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it
was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families
are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house,
often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent
neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for
health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know
their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk
and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their
day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by "I'm hungry".
This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more
about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its
limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）, with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of
these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and
takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night
before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.
4．Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument. D．To provide examples.
5．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
6．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work. B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study. D．She can know her son better.
【答案】4．B
5．C
6．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第二段Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low as15 percent.今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%。说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区。可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多。说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她更了解她的儿子。故选D。
（2021·浙江）阅读选择
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures
that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩)
use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to
one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists
discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and
examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this
was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal
kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures,"
she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that
respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys
can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do
not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was
a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the
animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her
foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster
immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together.
"The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is
meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the
University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich
our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either
that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of
the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said.
"Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey
with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
7．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
8．What did Dr Shultz think of the study
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】7．D
8．B
9．A
10．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息。可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。
8．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were 'a little disappointing'。“曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式；以及最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.“此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息。可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.所以，看来差异依然存在，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
10．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义；以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以选项D：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
二、七选五
（2021·浙江）七选五
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of
water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks
fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines
long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 11．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances
are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to
get all their customers through with minimum delay. 12． Any small interruption - a
price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen
randomly at different registers. Think about the probability: 13． So it's not just
in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make
all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and
serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long
delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.
Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15． It takes many registers to
keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.
So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to
happen to you
B. So why don't most places
encourage serpentine lines
C. Some of the may have stood in
a queue for almost an hour.
D. The chances of your line
being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability
that you are in the fastest waiting line
F.With three registers, this
method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday
afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】11．A；12．G；13．D；14．F；15．B
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空后It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. 原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。解释了上文You chose wrong. 你选错了，的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，A. Why does this always seem to happen to you 为什么这种事总是发生在你身上？符合语境，故选A。
12．根据空前Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。解释了杂货店之前的工作模式；以及空后“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.“任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。描述了杂货店的特殊情况，本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy但有时候，比如周日下午，系统会变得特别繁忙。符合语境，故选G。
13．根据空前If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.”如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生；以及空后So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。符合语境，故选D。
14．根据空前Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.“我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题；以及空后“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.有三个寄存器，这种方法比传统方法快得多。符合语境，故选F。
15．根据空后It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.“要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；以及空后It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly. 保持一条生产线的快速运转。可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines 那么为什么大多数地方不鼓励蛇形排队呢？符合语境，故选B。
三、完形填空
（2021·浙江）完形填空
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 16． on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 17． myself on a plane
to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 18． at the thought of
living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen
minutes of 19． , my worries had gone.
Everyone was so 20． and like-minded that it was
very 21． to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first
8-day 22． . We had to 23． everything we needed and walk
three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 24． way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 25． a stairway out of
rock. This 26． climbing up and down the side
of a mountain inhabited (栖息)
by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 27． .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 28． of knowing that my 29． will be on that mountainside
for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 30． in a thunderstorm.
I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was
close to 31． . I had to spend the rest of
the night trembling in the only 32． part of my tent.
33． , I suffered a
lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 34． . I think I am much 35． for having taken part in the
project.
16．A．calculate B．negotiate C．advertise D．research
17．A．imagined B．introduced C．enjoyed D．found
18．A．annoyed B．surprised C．scared D．excited
19．A．arriving B．sleeping C．thinking D．walking
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
22．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．course
23．A．drop B．make C．carry D．buy
24．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick
25．A．build B．test C．clean D．guard
26．A．helped B．ended C．allowed D．meant
27．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
28．A．satisfaction B．ambition C．expectation D．intention
29．A．work B．memory C．record D．story
30．A．left B．caught C．attacked D．separated
31．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
32．A．tidy B．dry C．new D．soft
33．A．By the way B．Regardless of that
C．Needless to say D．In either case
34．A．survived B．resisted C．escaped D．recovered
35．A．smarter B．stronger C．happier D．busier
【答案】16．D；17．D；18．C；19．A；20．B；21．D；22．B；23．C；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．A；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．B
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate“计算”；B. negotiate“协商”；C. advertise“登广告”；D. research“研究”。根据上文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D。
17．句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined“想象”；B. introduced“介绍”；C. enjoyed“喜欢”；D. found“发现”。根据上文的“I began to 1 on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D。
18．句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed“烦恼的”；B. surprised“惊讶的”；C. scared“害怕的”；D. excited“兴奋的”。根据下文的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C。
19．句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving“到达”；B. sleeping“睡觉”；C. thinking“思考”；D. walking“行走”。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A。
20．句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident“自信的”；B. friendly“友好的”；C. energetic“活力的”；D. curious“好奇的”。根据下文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。
21．句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny“搞笑的”；B. good“好的”；C. lucky“幸运的”；D. easy“容易的”。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”可知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。
22．句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour“游览”；B. project“项目”；C. campaign“活动”；D. course“课程”。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B。
23．句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop“掉下”；B. make“制作”；C. carry“携带”；D. buy“购买”。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C。
24．句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。A. nice“好的”；B. safe“安全的”；C. long“长的”；D. quick“快的”。根据上文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C。
25．句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build“建造”；B. test“测试”；C. clean“清洁”；D. guard“保卫”。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A。
26．句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped“帮助”；B. ended“结束”；C. allowed“允许”；D. meant“意味”。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D。
27．句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted“捕猎”；B. trained“训练”；C. seen“看到”；D. fed“喂养”。根据上文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C。
28．句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction“满意”；B. ambition“雄心”；C. expectation“期待”；D. intention“意图”。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A。
29．句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. work“工作，作品”；B. memory“回忆”；C. record“记录”；D. story“故事”。根据上文的“My job was to”以及“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A。
30．句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left“离开”；B. caught“捉住”；C. attacked“袭击”；D. separated“分离”。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B。
31．句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling“煮沸的”；B. average“平均的”；C. normal“正常的”；D. freezing“冰冻的”。根据下文“trembling”可知温度很低。故选D。
32．句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy“干净的”；B. dry“干的”；C. new“新的”；D. soft“软的”。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和下文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B。
33．句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way“顺便问一下”；B. Regardless of that“尽管这样”；C. Needless to say “不用说”；D. In either case“在这两种情况下”。根据上文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C。
34．句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived“生存”；B. resisted“反抗”；C. escaped“逃离，抓牢”；D. recovered“恢复”。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A。
35．句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter“更聪明的”；B. stronger“更强壮的”；C. happier“更快乐的”；D. busier“更忙碌的”。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.“可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 36． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 38． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 39． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 40． 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 41． (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 42． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 43． (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 44． (live) in the countryside, including 45． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】36．and；37．that/which；38．person's；39．is considered；40．by；41．was；42．Studied；43．sharply；44．living；45．lower
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，定语从句，名词，时态语态，介词，主谓一致，非谓语动词，副词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
37．句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是限制性定语从句， tool是先行词，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
38．句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。person，人，名词，修饰weight，因此用 person的名词所有格person's。故填person's。
39．句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。 consider ，考虑，动词，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
40．句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by，增加了；increase to，增加到；根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
41．句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。主语the gain是单数，时态是一般过去时，因此be动词用was，故填was。
42．句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。study，研究，动词，study的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，用过去分词，study-studied，故填studied。
43．句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。sharp，锋利的，形容词，此空修饰动词narrow，用副词作状语，故填sharply。
44．句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。live的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，作定语，用现在分词，故填living。
45．句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。low，低的，形容词，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
五、提纲类作文
46．（2021·浙江）假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1）表示欢迎；
2）介绍活动安排；
3）表达祝愿。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Distinguished guests:
On behalf of our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.
At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods. After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.
As mentioned above, I extremely expect your coming. May you have an unforgettable experience.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本体是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇发言稿。写作背景：下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）表示欢迎；2）介绍活动安排；3）表达祝愿。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school. 运用了it作形式主语；As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which contains the splendid history of our school. 运用了非限制性定语从句；Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.运用了原因状语从句； After that, it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.运用了强调句。
六、读后续写
47．（2021·浙江）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home, and as the eldest child I have an advantage-I carried an 85-pounder back last year.
This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom filming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork (软木塞) forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm going to set it down, now," I said,and with Jason helping to support its weight，I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.
【答案】Paragraph 1
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. Dad was summoned – less, it seemed, in expectation of practical help than to make sure he didn't miss out on the spectacle. I heard him propose calling the fire department. "Stay tuned," said Mom; she'd mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then that I realized she'd been filming the whole time. The video cuts before my rescue —Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail. I emerged with squash-conditioned hair, a sore chin and my nose plugged with pulp.
Paragraph 2
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. By the end of that day, it had over 1,000 views. People asked Mom to put it on YouTube, and by Wednesday morning we were getting 5:00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media – the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views. When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I'd never met. The pumpkin also became a minor celebrity. Passersby and trick-or-treaters would knock and ask, "Which is Rachel's pumpkin " before taking selfies with it.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者家有在万圣节雕刻南瓜的传统，今年也不例外，家里所有人都在厨房的餐桌上辛勤地工作着，而作者的妈妈则在拍摄一年一度的活动。结果作者将头伸进了南瓜里，被卡住了，无论如何也无法挣脱出来，妈妈却趁机拍下了这一幕，后来作者得救，视频也被上传到网上走红，这段视频开始获得数十万的点击量。段落续写①由第一段首句内容"虽然时间只过去了五、六分钟，但还是感觉要长得多。"可知，第一段可描写作者是如何在爸爸的帮助下得救的。②由第二段首句内容"这段视频是在万圣节前的周一发布的。"可知，第二段可描写作者头被卡在南瓜里这段视频在网上的走红情况，以及视频走红对作者家和作者的影响。 写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要富有变化。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Dad was summoned – less, it seemed, in expectation of practical help than to make sure he didn't miss out on the spectacle. 运用了插入语，宾语从句；she'd mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then that I realized she'd been filming the whole time. 运用了宾语从句，转折并列句，强调句；The video cuts before my rescue —Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so Mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail.运用了目的状语从句； People asked Mom to put it on YouTube, and by Wednesday morning we were getting 5:00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media – the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views.运用了并列句； When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by children I'd never met. 运用了时间状语从句，被动语态，限制性定语从句。
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