助 动 词
一、激趣导入
本课我们一起来学习英语当中助动词的用法。
同学们,请读英文句子,体会其中划线部分词语的用法。
This is the place I have been longing to visit.
这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。
-Do we have to start work?
我们得立刻工作吗?
-No. We don't have to.不,不必了
二、考点剖析
1、命题思路
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
基本助动词有三个:be, do, have, 它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行时态,完成时态,被动语态,否定句,疑问句等主要考查助动词的灵活运用。
例1. 助动词do(does, did) 的用法
(1)构成疑问句或否定句
He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。
How did you know about it? 你是怎样知道这件事的。
(2)加强语气
Do come and see us. 一定来看我们。
He did tell that. 他的确告诉了此事。
(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。
-You like popular music, don‘t you?你喜欢流行音乐,是吧?
-Yes , I do.是的,我喜欢。
He speaks French as fluently as she does.
他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。
(4) 构成否定的祈使句。
Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。
Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。
(1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。
She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。
(2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。
He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干这件工作。
(3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,表示计划、安排将要发生的事。
Who are we to meet? 我们要见谁呀?
I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.
今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。
例2. 助动词be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been )的用法
(1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时
He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。
(2)和不定式构成谓语,表示客观上不得不做的事情。
We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.
我们己误了火车,我们只能等下一列。
例3. 助动词have(has, had, having)的用法
?练习一:请选出正确的答案.
2、练一练
B
C
1. _____ you know the hot dog did not originate in the united states but in Germany?
A: Did B: Had C: do D: Were
2. Bad news____ wings.
A: has B: had C: have D: has not
3.____ you always carry an umbrella?
A: had B: Do C: did D: Has
C
Dose
1.?_____?she?know?all?the?answers????????
Yes?,?she?____?.?No,?she .?
2.?_____?the?twins?often?fight??????????
Yes?,_____?do.?No,?_____?don’t.?
3?_____?your?dad?like?listening?to?music???????Yes?,____?does?.??No,?_____?doesn’t.??
4.?_____?she?a?teacher?????? ??
Yes,?she?_____?.??No,?she?_____.?
?练习二:用do?does?be?填空.?
Do
dose
dosen’t
they
he
is
Is
Dose
they
he
isn’t
Is she a clever girl?
1.?It?is?a?lovely?dog._______________________________________?
2.?She?is?a?clever?girl.??___________________________________
3.?They?are?classmates.??____________________________________
4.?I?am?a?doctor.???________________________________________?
Is it a lovely dog?
Are they classmates?
Are you a doctor?
?练习三:?把下列句子变为一般疑问句。
格式:助动词+主语?+句子剩余部分。
3、答题技巧
助动词的学习中掌握以下注意事情和技巧:
1.掌握常见助动词be do have的主要用法:构成一般疑问句,否定句中可以直接作答,构成祈使句和各种时态。
2.助动词在句中不具备实际的词汇意义。注意助动词的缩写形式的使用。
3.各种句型的变化:注意助动词在疑问句和否定句中使用时根据人称和单复数的变化。
三、思维导图