初中英语知识点微课课件 考点精讲 同课异构 27 现在完成时（14张PPT）

现 在 完 成 时
一、激趣导入
本次课我们一起来学习动词时态中现在完成时的用法。
同学们，请读下面的句子，体会动词的用法。
I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.
（自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。）
The train has just arrived.
（火车刚到。）
Have you heard from your family recently?
（你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）
二、考点剖析
1、命题思路
现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，还可以表示表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态,且动作或状态可能仍在继续。 一般以单选或者填空的形式考查，内容包括现在完成时的基本构成形式，句型及其转换，过去分词的变化规则也是考查的重点。
(1). 一般形式： 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它
如：I have done my homework already. (done就是do的过去分词）
Jim has done his homework already.
例1.现在完成时的基本结构.
(2).改为一般疑问句并回答:
Have you done your homework yet?
Yes, I have./No, I haven't.
(3).改为否定句:
I haven't done my homework yet.
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed
look
play
work
looked
played
worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
liked
lived
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed
plan
stop
drop
planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed
study
worry
cry
studied
worried
cried
(4). 动词原形变为动词过去分词的规则：
例2.现在完成时的用法：
(1).表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。
例如：Have you had supper yet? 你吃晚饭了吗？
You have already grown much taller. 你已经长高了许多。
(2). 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语（ 如：for＋一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句 ）连用。
例如： It has been five years since he joined the army . 他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .
他们已学了八年的英语了。
(3). 表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.
例如：Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?
(你曾去过颐和园吗?)
I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。)
(4). 现在完成时的时间状语:常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， since, for a long time等.
例3.延续性动词与非延续动词在完成时中的用法
非延续性动词又叫做短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词. 如：borrow → keep buy → have come /go →be in /at等。
例句：The film has been on for five minutes.电影开始五分钟了。
It is five minutes since the film began .
He has been in the Party for five years.他入党五年了。
It is five years since he joined the Party.
注意：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。
例4. have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to … 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to… 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
例句：Has she ever been to Nanjing?
她曾去过南京吗？
You have never been there, have you?
你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？
She has gone to Nanjing.
她已经去南京了。
? 练习一：请选出正确的答案.
2、练一练
A
B
A
1.The?factory?____?since?the?February?of?1988.??
A?.?has?been?open???B.?has?opened?C.?was?open??D.?opened
2.Mary?and?Rose?____friends?since?they?met?in?2000.??
A.?have?made????B.?have?been??C.?made??D.?have?become??
3.The?meeting?_____?for?a?week?now.??
A.?has?finished?????B.?has?ended????C.?has?been?over?、
4.Miss?Gao?______?this?school?for?nearly?5?years.?
A.?has?been?in????B.?has?come?to?????C.?has?taught??
5.How?long?_______?he?________????
A.?did;died????B.?has,?died?????C.?has,?been?dead
C
C
练习二：用所给的动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (do) my homework already.
2. He _____________(not finished) his homework yet.
3. ____you ever _____(be) to Beijing?
4. We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5. Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _________________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
3、答题技巧
掌握以下关于现在进行时的一些答题技巧：
1.掌握现在完成时态的三个基本用法。
2.能够辨析现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。
3.现在完成时的基本结构及句型转换形式。
4.熟练掌握动词过去分词的变化规则。
三、思维导图