初中英语知识点微课课件 考点精讲 27 现在完成时（14张PPT）

现在完成时
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考点聚焦
一般以单选或者填空的形式考查，内容包括现在完成时的基本构成形式，句型及其转换，过去分词的变化规则等。
考点一 现在完成时的基本结构
知识梳理
(1) 一般形式： 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它
如：I have done my homework already. (done就是do的过去分词）
Jim has done his homework already.
(2) 改为一般疑问句并回答
Have you done your homework yet?
Yes, I have./No, I haven't.
(3) 改为否定句
I haven't done my homework yet.
考点一 现在完成时的基本结构
知识梳理
(4) 动词原形变为动词过去分词的规则
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed
look
play
looked
played
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
liked
lived
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed
plan
stop
planned
stopped
结尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed
study
worry
studied
worried
知识梳理
考点二 现在完成时的用法
(1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。
例如：Have you had supper yet? 你吃晚饭了吗？
(2) 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语（ 如：for＋一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句 ）连用。
例如： He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力.
(3) 表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。
例如：Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?
(你曾去过颐和园吗?)
I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。)
(4) 现在完成时的时间状语:常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, yet , never, ever, just, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， since then, for a long time等.
知识梳理
考点二 现在完成时的用法
知识梳理
考点三 延续性动词与非延续动词在完成时中的用法
非延续性动词又叫做短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词”来代替短暂性动词. 如：borrow → keep buy → have come /go →be in /at等。
例句：The film has been on for five minutes.电影开始五分钟了。
It has been five minutes since the film began .
He has been in the Party for five years.他入党五年了。
注意：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段状语连用。
知识梳理
考点四 have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to … 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to… 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已到那儿了。
例句：Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？
You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？
She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。
典例剖析
练习：用所给的动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (do) my homework already.
2. He _____________(not finished) his homework yet.
3. ____you ever _____(be) to Beijing?
4. We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5. Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _________________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
1.The?factory?____?since?the?February?of?1988.??
A?.?has?been?open???B.?has?opened?C.?was?open??D.?opened
2.Mary?and?Rose?____friends?since?they?met?in?2000.??
A.?have?made????B.?have?been??C.?made??D.?have?become??
3.The?meeting?_____?for?a?week?now.??
A.?has?finished?????B.?has?ended????C.?has?been?over?
4.Miss?Gao?______?this?school?for?nearly?5?years.?
A.?has?been?in????B.?has?come?to?????C.?has?taught??
5.How?long?_______?he?________????
A.?did , died????B.?has,?died?????C.?has,?been?dead
中考链接
A
B
A
C
C
备考技法
掌握现在完成时态的三个基本用法。
能够辨析现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。
现在完成时的基本结构及句型转换形式。
熟练掌握动词过去分词的变化规则。
思维导图
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