过去分词短语
考点聚焦
1、过去分词的概念
2、过去分词短语的用法
3、过去分词作状语
考点一 过去分词的概念
知识梳理
过去分词是分词的一种,属于非谓语动词。过去分词短语既有动词性质,也有形容词和副词性质,形容词和副词性质表现为:过去分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
考点二 过去分词短语的用法
知识梳理
(1) 过去分词(短语)作定语(单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。)
spoken English, a broken car (前置定语)
This is one of the books written by the young man. (后置定语=定语从句)
= This is one of the books which were written by the young man.
过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后,与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系,相当于一个定语从句,但是更简洁。
考点二 过去分词短语的用法
知识梳理
(2) 过去分词(短语)作表语
The children were interested in that book.
过去分词(短语)用在系动词之后作表语,和句子主语之间存在动宾关系。
(3) 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成)
(4) 过去分词短语作状语 (常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等,相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。)
考点三 过去分词作状语
知识梳理
Seen from space, the earth looks blue. (表时间)
=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
Kept in fridge, these vegetables will remain fresh. (表条件)
=If they are kept in fridge, these vegetables will remain fresh.
Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.(表原因)
=As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
She walked out of the house, followed by her daughter. (表伴随)
=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her daughter.
典例剖析
Please don't forget him. He is one of ___.
A. those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting those
【解析】本题考查了过去分词做定语
解析: 根据句意可知:请不要忘记他,他是被邀请的人之一。过去分词invited作后定语修饰指示代词those, 意为“被邀请的那些人”, 两者是动宾(被动)关系。
those invited = those people who have been invited。故答案选A。
【答案】A
中考链接
_____________, the little boy is living a happy life.
A. Taking good care B. Taken good care
C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of
【解析】考查过去分词短语作状语的用法
解析: 根据句意可知:由于被照顾得很好,这个小男孩过着幸福的生活。分析前后两句的逻辑关系,可以看出过去分词短语作原因状语 ,Taken good care of=Because the boy is taken good care of ,主语和过去分词之间是动宾关系 。故答案选D。
【答案】D
备考技法
要掌握过去分词的用法,重点要理解和区分过去分词和它所修饰词之间的逻辑关系,是主谓关系还是动宾关系。及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,同样强调动作的完成。
思维导图
(1)过去分词短语作定语
(2)过去分词短语作表语
(3)过去分词短语作宾补
(4)过去分词短语作状语
过去分
词短语
时间状语
原因状语
前置定语
后置定语=从句
条件状语
让步状语
伴随状语
元申小课 必有收获