初英考点精讲 95 定语从句【知识点微课课件】

定语从句
考点聚焦
1、定语从句
2、关系代词引导的定语从句
3、that和which的用法
4、关系副词引导的定语从句
考点一 定语从句
知识梳理
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
（1）The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
（2）You must do everything that I do.
引导定语从句的词：
关系代词：that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)
关系副词：where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：
引导定语从句 、代替先行词 、在定语从句中担当一个成分
考点二 关系代词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.
例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.
例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?
考点二 关系代词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
考点二 关系代词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom/who I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom/who I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如： All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all, every, some, few , little, much, both等词修饰时。
例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如： All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all, every, some, few , little, much, both等词修饰时。
例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
(6).在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。
例如：
There are two novels that I want to read.　
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
(6).在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。
例如：
There are two novels that I want to read.　
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(7).当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。
例如：
This is the book that was bought yesterday.
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
(8).以Here is (are)开头的句子时。
例如：
Here is a film that will move anyone.
Here are two books that I will buy.
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(7).当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。
例如：
This is the book that was bought yesterday.
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
(8).以Here is (are)开头的句子时。
例如：
Here is a film that will move anyone.
Here are two books that I will buy.
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(9).It is (high)time +定语从句中。
例如：
It is time that we should have a rest.
(10).当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。
例如：
This is the way that my father did this work.
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(9).It is (high)time +定语从句中。
例如：
It is time that we should have a rest.
(10).当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。
例如：
This is the way that my father did this work.
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(11).在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。
例如： Who was it that was lost ?　
(12).当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。
例如：
Everything we have seen in China is moving.　
I have nothing that is worth reading.　
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(11).在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。
例如： Who was it that was lost ?　
(12).当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。
例如：
Everything we have seen in China is moving.　
I have nothing that is worth reading.　
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(13).当先行词是疑问代词who时。
例如：
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?　
(14)当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，宜使用that而不是which。
例如：
What's the name of the animals that jumps about?
Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(13).当先行词是疑问代词who时。
例如：
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?　
(14)当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，宜使用that而不是which。
例如：
What's the name of the animals that jumps about?
Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
2、只用who不用that的情况：
(1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you
这里有人要和你说话
2、只用who不用that的情况：
(1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you
这里有人要和你说话
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(1) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(1) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(2) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(3)在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）＝where”
1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.
2.The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(2) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
(3)在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）＝where”
1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.
2.The building in which Han Mei studied was very old.
考点三 that和which的用法
知识梳理
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(4)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which,另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。
1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
【爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。】
2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
【让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。】
2、只用which不用that的情况：
(4)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which,另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。
1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
【爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。】
2.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
【让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。】
考点四 关系副词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
2. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(1)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(2)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
2. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(1)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(2)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
考点四 关系副词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
考点四 关系副词引导的定语从句
知识梳理
3. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
4. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
3. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
4. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
典例剖析
（1）Is this the factory _____ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
（2）The wolves hid themselves in the places _____ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
（3）The freezing point is the temperature _____ water changes into ice.
A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what
（4）This book will show you _____ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
B
A
A
B
中考链接
（1）I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which B. that C. all that D. which
（2）That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
（3）I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
（4）He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
（5）We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
C
A
A
A
D
备考技法
读句子，翻译句子，正确理解题意。????????????
找出主句和从句，并判断他们之间的关系。? ???????????
根据主句与从句之间的关系选择关系词
判断关系词的使用是否存在特殊，并稍作更改
思维导图
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)
where, when、why